UA121858C2 - METHOD OF CONVERTING WAVE ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY AND WAVE ENERGY STATION FOR ITS REALIZATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy, in which a longitudinal float is placed in a wave reservoir near the water surface close to the wave front. The movement of the float around the axis, which is parallel and outside the float, close to the circle with a variable radius of rotation under the action of waves, is transmitted through the kinematic connection of the guide elements to the receiver of mechanical energy, the degree of immersion of the float is adjusted. To increase the selection of energy from the waves, a variable radius of rotation of the float is provided by sliding the ends of the float in the guide elements, which it rotates under the action of waves. Kinematic communication from the guide element to the receiver of mechanical energy is carried out through a flexible and / or gear transmission. The degree of immersion of the float is adjusted together with the optimization of its position along the radius of rotation of the guide elements by automatically optimizing the selection of power on the shaft of the receiver of mechanical energy. To implement the method, the invention provides a wave power plant.

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydropower and can be used in the construction and operation of a wave power station at the bottom of a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, river or lake in the shallow part, or on the wall of a pier, the side of a steamer, and also in a floating version.

Many inventions have been devoted to the development of means for the use of wave energy, but the energy demands of mankind stimulate further work in this direction.

A known method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy (patent O5 Mo 20120104761 A1,

ROZV 13/18), according to which the float is placed in a wave pool on the surface of the water. The movement of the float up and down under the action of waves is transmitted through a guide element in the form of a rod, which rests on a hinged support. The second end of the rod reciprocates and transfers its energy to the receiver of mechanical energy.

Coinciding with the essential features of the claimed method, the features according to which the float is placed in a wave reservoir near the surface of the water, the movement of the float up and down under the action of waves is transmitted through the kinematic connection of the guide element of the mechanical energy receiver.

The disadvantage of the known method is the insufficient selection of wave energy due to the periodic slowing down of the movement of the guiding elements when changing the direction of their reciprocating movement, which reduces the effectiveness of this method.

A known method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy (pat O5 Mo 2009056327 A1,

EOZV 13/16, 13/18), chosen as the closest analogue, according to which a longitudinal float is placed in a wave reservoir near the water surface close to the wave front. The movement of the float around the axis, which is parallel to the outside of the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the influence of waves, is transmitted through the kinematic connection of the guide elements of the mechanical energy receiver.

One of the guide elements is rigidly connected to the float on one side, and kinematically connected to the second guide element on the other side. Transmission elements carry out reciprocating movement. The degree of submergence of the float is regulated by changing its mass by pumping or pumping water from its cavity.

The features according to which the longitudinal float is placed in the wave reservoir near the water surface close to the wave front coincide with the essential features of the claimed method. The movement of the float around an axis that is parallel to the outside of the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the influence of waves, is transmitted through the kinematic connection of the guide elements

From the receiver of mechanical energy. The degree of immersion of the float is regulated.

The disadvantage of the known method is the same as in the previous analogue.

The invention is based on the task of improving the known method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy, in which, by changing the technological parameters, to increase the selection of wave energy by using mainly the rotary motion of the guiding elements, which will increase the efficiency of this method.

A known wave energy station (pat. KO Mo 2061900 C1, ROZV 13/18), which contains a longitudinal float designed as a blade with the possibility of its rotation around an axis that is parallel and externally rounded part of the blade, in a circle under the action of waves. The blade ends are connected through a kinematic connection with the supporting elements. At least one of the ends of the blade is rigidly connected to the drive wheel, which is kinematically connected to the driven shaft of the mechanical energy receiver,

Coinciding with the essential features of the claimed wave energy station is a longitudinal float made with the possibility of its rotation around an axis that is parallel to the outside of the float, close to the circle under the action of waves. The ends of the float are connected through a kinematic connection with the supporting elements. At least one of the ends of the float is connected to the drive wheel, which is kinematically connected to the driven shaft of the mechanical energy receiver.

The disadvantage of the well-known wave energy station is that its blade cannot effectively adjust its radius of rotation to the size of the waves, which reduces the possibilities of utilizing the energy of various waves, which reduces the efficiency of this station.

The well-known wave energy station (pat. О5Б Mo 2009056327 A1, BOZV 13/16, 13/18), chosen as the closest analogue, contains a longitudinal float, made with the possibility of its rotation around an axis that is parallel to the outside of the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the influence of waves. The ends of the float are connected through a kinematic connection with the guiding elements in the form of rods and hinged nodes with a receiver of mechanical energy, which is connected to the supporting elements. At least one of the guide elements is rigidly connected to the float on one side, and kinematically connected to another guide element on the other side. Contains a mechanism for adjusting the degree of immersion of the float, designed as a water pump, which is connected to the cavity of the float.

They coincide with the essential features of the proposed wave energy station, because the longitudinal float, made with the possibility of its rotation around an axis that is parallel to the outside of the float, is close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the influence of waves. The ends of the float are connected through a kinematic connection with guide elements, support elements and at least one receiver of mechanical energy. Contains a mechanism for adjusting the degree of immersion of the float,

The disadvantage of the well-known wave energy station is the insufficient selection of wave energy due to the periodic slowing down of the movement of the guiding elements when changing the direction of their reciprocating movement, which reduces the efficiency of this station.

The invention is based on the task of improving a known wave energy station, in which, by changing the design, to increase the selection of wave energy by using mainly guiding elements for rotary motion, which will increase the efficiency of this method.

In the method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy, according to which a longitudinal float is placed in a wave reservoir near the water surface close to the wave front, the movement of the float around an axis that is parallel to the outside of the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the action of waves, is transmitted through a kinematic the connection of the guide elements of the receiver of mechanical energy, the degree of immersion of the float is regulated, according to the invention, the variable radius of rotation of the float is provided by the sliding movement of the ends of the float in the guide elements, which it rotates under the action of waves, the kinematic connection from the guide element to the receiver of mechanical energy is carried out through a flexible and/or toothed transmission, the degree of immersion of the float is adjusted along with the optimization of its position along the radius of rotation of the guide elements by automatically optimizing the power take-off on the shaft of the mechanical energy receiver.

In addition, the resulting mechanical energy is converted into electrical and/or pressure energy of a medium such as water or air.

In addition, the float together with the floating frame is automatically oriented according to the wave front

In a wave energy station, which contains a longitudinal float, made with the possibility of its rotation around an axis that is parallel and outside the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the action of waves, the ends of the float are connected through a kinematic connection with guide elements, supporting elements and with at least one receiver

From mechanical energy, contains a mechanism for adjusting the degree of immersion of the float, according to the invention, the float is slidingly connected by its ends to the guide elements that are located along the radius of its rotation, at least one of the guide elements is rigidly connected to the drive wheel, which is kinematically connected with the driven shaft of the mechanical energy receiver, the mechanism for adjusting the degree of immersion of the float is made as part of the mechanical energy receiver as a unit for automatic optimization of the power take-off on its shaft.

In addition, the receiver of mechanical energy is made as an electric generator and/or compressor, the output of which is made with the possibility of communication with the energy consumer.

In addition, the kinematic connection of the driving wheel with the driven shaft of the mechanical energy receiver is made as a toothed-belt, toothed, chain transmission or their combination.

In addition, its structural elements are made of similar sections in the number of at least two and connected by a frame, while the electric generator or compressor can be made common to all or several sections.

In addition, the supporting elements are made floating or as a frame with the possibility of installation on the bottom of a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, river or lake in a shallow part, or on the wall of a pier or the side of a steamer.

In addition, the support elements are made as interconnected floating elements of the frame, made with the ability to orient the station with floats along the wave front.

The set of main features of the proposed method provides a solution to the problem. The float is rotated with a variable radius, which is automatically adjusted to the size of the waves, which makes it possible to optimally select the energy of waves of different sizes.

The rotational movement of the float is transmitted through the rotary mechanism directly to the shaft of the mechanical energy receiver, which ensures their continuous effective functioning.

An additional positive effect is the ability to automatically change the degree of immersion of the float together with the change of its radius of rotation in order to optimize the power take-off on the shaft of the mechanical energy receiver. Automatic orientation of the float together with the floating frame behind the wave front provides the opportunity to harvest wave energy in any place of water bodies.

The set of main features of the proposed station provides a solution to the task.

The range of vertical movement of the float is laid in the design of the wave power station in accordance with the specified operating conditions, namely the size of the waves. The transfer of the rotary movement of the float to the shaft of the mechanical energy receiver can be carried out with the minimum possible number of elements: a drive pulley wheel, a flexible transmission and a driven shaft or two gears. At the same time, the movement of these elements occurs in proportion to the near-surface movement of water. The presence of an automatic power take-off optimization unit on the shaft of the mechanical energy receiver gives an additional effect of optimizing the conversion of wave energy into mechanical energy. In addition, the support elements are made as interconnected floating elements of the frame, made with the ability to orient the station with floats along the wave front. The floating station can become the only source of energy in the event of an accident of the power equipment of the steamship.

Both the method and the station according to the invention can be implemented in different versions, in particular, the station can be installed at the bottom of various reservoirs, on stationary structures, steamships or be floating.

In fig. 1 - schematically shows the general view of the wave energy station from the side away from the direction of the waves, fig. 2 - top view of the station, in fig. C - a view of the station from the direction of the waves.

The wave energy station from one section contains risers 1, which are installed on the bottom of the reservoir and are connected through a crossbar 2, which in fig. 1 and 2 not shown. The cross member 2 is located above the wave surface of the water and is connected to the receiver of mechanical energy, designed as an electric generator 3, the toothed shaft 4 of which is connected through a toothed belt transmission to the toothed pulley 5. The pulley 5 is rigidly connected to one of the guide elements 6 , which contain radial grooves 7 along the axis of their rotation, in which the shaft 9, rigidly connected to the float 10, moves freely under the action of the waves 8. The float 10 is made with a small reserve of residual buoyancy. The direction of waves 8 is indicated by an arrow. When the number of sections increases, depending on the technical task for building the station, they are connected by additional frames 11.

Electric generator Z can be made in a hermetic version and installed at position 12.

A wave energy station works like this.

The proposed station is manufactured with approximation of its structural and consumer energy parameters to real operating conditions. It is placed in the reservoir in such a way that the floats 10 occupy a position close to the wave front. Stands 1 are placed vertically, crossbar 2 horizontally, while the station consists of two or more

Of the sections, thanks to the additional frames, 11 has greater stability. Waves 8 move in the direction of the arrow.

As you know, the upper layers of water move upward with an inclination to the right when its surface rises in wave 8, and when the water surface decreases, they move downward with an inclination in the opposite direction, forming a circular clockwise movement. The float 10 in the first minutes under the action of the waves 8 makes rotational movements while staying on their surface, except for the short-term rolling of the swirling waves. After turning on the electric generator Z in working mode, mechanical energy is taken from the float 10 and it reduces the radius of rotation, occupying a position in the near-surface layer of water. The variable radius of rotation of the float is provided by the sliding movement of the ends of the float 10 with the shafts 9 in the grooves 7 of the guide elements b, which it rotates under the action of the waves 8. The near-surface position of the float 10 is the most advantageous for the selection of wave energy, since the float 10 acts on a large, compared to other layers of water, kinetic and potential energy, there is also no sliding of the float 10 on the water surface. Since the float 10 is made with a small reserve of residual buoyancy, little energy is spent on its immersion. The degree of immersion of the float along with the optimization of its position along the rotation radius is regulated by automatic optimization of the power take-off on shaft 4 of the mechanical energy receiver. The kinematic connection from the guide elements b with the toothed pulley 5 to the electric generator Z is carried out through a toothed-belt transmission, and in the case of its installation at position 12, a toothed transmission is used

The wave energy station, manufactured by the method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy, passed successful tests at sea, which demonstrated its reliability and high quality.

Claims (9)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of converting wave energy into mechanical energy, according to which a longitudinal float is placed in a wave reservoir near the water surface close to the wave front, the movement of the float around an axis that is parallel to the outside of the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the action of waves, is transmitted through kinematic connection of the guide elements of the receiver of mechanical energy, the degree of immersion of the float is regulated, which differs in that the variable radius of rotation of the float is provided by the sliding movement of the ends of the float in the guide elements, which it rotates under the action of waves, kinematic connection from the guide element to the receiver of mechanical energy is carried out through a flexible and/or gear transmission, the degree of immersion of the float is regulated along with the optimization of its position along the radius of rotation of the guiding elements by automatically optimizing the power take-off on the shaft of the mechanical energy receiver. 2. The method according to claim 1, according to which the received mechanical energy is converted into electrical and/or pressure energy of the medium, such as water or air. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, according to which the float together with the floating frame is automatically oriented along the wave front. 4. A wave energy station, which contains a longitudinal float, made with the possibility of its rotation around an axis that is parallel and outside the float, close to a circle with a variable radius of rotation under the action of waves, the ends of the float are connected through kinematic connection with the guide elements, supporting elements and with at least one receiver of mechanical energy, contains a mechanism for adjusting the degree of immersion of the float, which is characterized by the fact that the float is slidingly connected by its ends with guide elements located along the radius of its rotation, at least one of the guide elements is rigidly connected with the drive wheel, which is kinematically connected to the driven shaft of the mechanical energy receiver, the mechanism for adjusting the degree of immersion of the float is made as part of the mechanical energy receiver as a unit for automatic optimization of the power take-off on its shaft. 5. Wave energy station according to claim 4, which is characterized by the fact that the receiver of mechanical energy Zo is made as an electric generator and/or compressor, the output of which is made with the possibility of communication with the energy consumer. 6. Wave energy station according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized by the fact that the kinematic connection of the driving wheel with the driven shaft of the mechanical energy receiver is made as a toothed-belt, toothed, chain transmission or their combination. 7. A wave energy station according to any of claims 4-6, which is characterized by the fact that its structural elements are made of similar sections in the number of at least two and connected by a frame, while the electric generator or compressor can be made common to all or several sections . 8. A wave energy station according to any of claims 4-7, which is characterized in that the support elements are made floating or as a frame with the possibility of installation on the bottom of a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, river or lake in a shallow part, or on a wall pier or side of a steamer. 9. A wave energy station according to any of claims 4-8, which is characterized by the fact that the supporting elements are made as interconnected floating frame elements, made with the possibility of orienting the station by floats along the wave front.