RU2803563C1 - Wave hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wave hydroelectric power plants.

SUBSTANCE: hydroelectric power plant includes a lifting support 1 adapted for its installation in the ground of the water basin and height adjustment, a turntable 2 interacting with the support 1 adapted for its rotation. On the platform 2 there are upper supports 3 with fixed linear guides, which provide vertical reciprocating movement of the gear racks 5 passing through the holes in the platform 2. On the platform 2, the main and auxiliary shafts connected by a common gear are installed in the guides. An electric generator 11 is fixed at the end of the main shaft. The main and auxiliary shafts comprise pairs of gears with overrunning clutches located opposite each other configured for interacting with the corresponding racks 5 to transmit rotation to the electric generator 11. Rods 12 with floats 13 are installed at the lower end of the rack 5.

EFFECT: improving the efficiency of the device while simplifying the design.

10 cl, 2 ex, 5 dwg

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to power plants and can be used to obtain electrical energy from sea/river waves due to the resulting wave vertical rises and falls.

Currently, the design of hydroelectric power plants (hereinafter referred to as HPPs) does not undergo significant changes and has reached the peak of its evolutionary development, however, the tasks of increasing power, efficiency, and operating efficiency of HPPs are more acute than ever, due to the constant rise in fuel prices and its emerging shortage in many areas on the planet.

Dam-type hydroelectric power plants are widely known, built on the basis of solid structures and having modules for converting the energy of water passed through the dam, but their efficiency and operating efficiency are not high enough, and the design is complex and cumbersome and cannot be used everywhere.

Patent RU 2715612 C1, 03/02/2020, which discloses the design of a modular installation for converting wave energy, containing a base with stands, a float on a rod connected to a power take-off shaft on which a coupling is installed, for connection to an electric generator, can be accepted as a prototype, while vibrations of the working fluid are transmitted to the fork, inside of which a ratchet drum is installed on a common shaft with the fork, which is in contact with teeth with two pawls, one mounted on the fork, the other on the base, as well as a spiral spring inside the ratchet drum, the upper end of which is fixed to the body of the ratchet drum, the lower end is fixed to the power take-off shaft, on which the gearbox connected to the electric generator is loaded.

Its disadvantage is that, with a rather complex design, the device has low efficiency and efficiency, since it generates energy only at the moment when the spring accumulates the accumulated energy. Also, the device cannot be deployed and adjusted to the oncoming waves, which also reduces its efficiency and effectiveness.

This invention poses the technical problem of developing the design of a wave hydroelectric power station that eliminates the indicated disadvantages of the known device.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency and efficiency of the device while simultaneously simplifying the design.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the wave hydroelectric power station includes a lifting support, configured to be installed in the ground of a reservoir and adjustable in height, a rotating platform interacting with the lifting support with the possibility of its rotation, while

on said turntable, upper supports are installed, on which linear guides are fixed, ensuring vertical reciprocating movement of gear racks passing through the corresponding holes in the turntable,

on the turntable, the main shaft and auxiliary shaft are installed in the guides, connected by a common transmission, while a power take-off electric generator is fixed at the end of the main shaft,

the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft contain pairs of gears with overrunning clutches located opposite each other, configured to interact with their corresponding gear racks to transmit rotation to the electric generator,

At the lower end of each gear rack there are rods with floats configured to move up and down under the action of a wave to influence the gear racks and move them vertically.

In front of the power take-off electric generator, a gearbox is installed on the main shaft to adjust the rotation speed.

The electric generator includes an alternator and a rectifier unit.

The rotating platform interacts with the lifting support through a rotating gear wheel and a gear motor with a drive gear.

The rotating platform interacts with the lifting support automatically, adjusting the angle of rotation of the platform depending on the direction of the wave.

The float is configured to adjust its degree of buoyancy.

The degree of buoyancy of the float is adjusted using counterweights.

The degree of buoyancy of the float is adjusted by increasing and decreasing the air pressure inside the float.

The overall transmission is made in the form of drive sprockets and a chain drive.

Next, the proposed invention will be discussed in detail taking into account illustrations, where:

Fig. 1 - shows a wave hydroelectric power station, side view;

Fig. 2 - a wave hydroelectric power station is presented, top view,

Fig. 3 - view A;

Fig. 4 - shows an example of a three-dimensional image of the device;

Fig. 5 - enlarged fragment of device elements,

where the positions indicate:

1 - lifting support;

2 - rotating platform;

3 - upper support;

4 - linear guides;

5 - toothed rack;

6 - main shaft;

7 - auxiliary shaft;

8 - general gear;

9 - gear;

10 - overrunning clutch;

11 - electric generator;

12 - rod;

13 - float;

14 – lever.

Wave hydroelectric power is used in various bodies of water where there are waves, but it is preferable to use it in coastal marine areas where the wave is of sufficient height and consistency. The wave hydroelectric power station includes a lifting support 1, configured to be installed in the ground of a reservoir. Lifting support 1 is a vertical rod buried in the soil of the reservoir to a sufficient depth for the stationary installation of the structure. Lifting support 1 is most often made of metal or has a reinforced concrete structure, but can also be made of wood treated against rotting or other materials that provide sufficient strength and wear resistance. The lifting support 1 is designed to be adjustable in height. As a rule, the adjustment mechanism is made in the upper part of the lifting support 1, for example, by means of a pneumatic cylinder acting on the corresponding element of the lifting support 1 to lift and lower the turntable 2 or by means of another lifting and lowering mechanism.

The turntable 2 is installed on top of the lifting support 1. The turntable 2 interacts with the lifting support 1, preferably through a rotary gear wheel installed in the lifting support 1 and a gear motor with a drive gear (not shown in the figures) that ensures rotation of the turntable 2. platform 2 can rotate according to a different pattern and with a different mechanism that does not limit the specified specific implementation. The rotation of this turntable 2 is necessary to ensure that the turntable 2 is positioned at the desired angle, ensuring maximum interaction of the floats 13 with the oncoming wave. As a rule, the rotating platform 2 is located at an angle to the direction of the wave flow, which will ensure maximum impact of the wave on the float 13 to increase the efficiency and efficiency of the device. Preferably, the rotating platform 2 interacts with the lifting support 1 automatically, adjusting the angle of rotation of the platform 2 depending on the direction of the wave. For this purpose, the device can be supplemented with tools that analyze the direction of wave movement and an electronic unit that controls the mechanism for automatically rotating platform 2.

On the said rotating platform 2, upper supports 3 are installed vertically. Upper supports 3 are made of durable material, for example, steel. The upper supports 3 can be made in the form of a metal profile, for example, an I-beam, an angle, a channel, etc., providing sufficient strength and rigidity for the elements of the device. Linear guides 4 are fixed to the upper supports 3, providing vertical reciprocating movement of gear racks 5 passing through the corresponding holes in the turntable 2. Linear guides 4 can be made of a solid directional profile or consist of certain modular elements (segments) that provide directed vertical passage of gear racks 5 along them. Linear guides 4 interact with gear racks 5, ensuring their strictly vertical reciprocating movement. The interaction elements of these nodes can be, for example, protrusions on both sides on each gear rack 5, and the recesses corresponding to them along the profile on the linear guides 4, with the necessary gap free for movement, however, this implementation is not the only possible one and the interaction of these elements can be implemented by a different design.

On the said rotary platform 2, a main shaft 6 and an auxiliary shaft 7 are installed in the guides, interconnected by a common gear 8. The common gear 8 is made, for example, in the form of drive sprockets on shafts 6,7 and an associated chain drive or in the form of a biaxial gearbox or in any other way that ensures the associated interaction of the specified shafts 6, 7. The main shaft 6 and the auxiliary shaft 7 are installed in corresponding guides (not indicated in the figures) to ensure the alignment of the installation of the specified shafts 6, 7 and their free rotation. The guides preferably contain bearing rotation mechanisms. In this case, an electric power take-off generator 11 is fixed at the end of the main shaft 6, interacting with the specified main shaft 6. In front of the power take-off electric generator 11, a gearbox can be installed on the main shaft 6, if necessary, to adjust the rotation speed. It is preferable that the electric generator 11 consists of an alternating current generator and a rectifier unit, which ensures stabilization of the output current.

The main shaft 6 and auxiliary shaft 7 contain opposite pairs of gears 9 and corresponding overrunning clutches 10, each of which interacts with their corresponding racks 5 to transmit rotation to the electric generator 11. Each gear 9 is connected to the overrunning clutch 10 in the corresponding module influence on the shafts, in which the transmission of rotation of the gear 9 to the shaft is carried out in one direction, with a corresponding idle rotation in the other direction.

The number of pairs of overrunning clutches 10 and pairs of gears 9 can be different, depending on the length of the turntable 2, the length of the shafts 6, 7, the frequency of installation of the racks 5 with floats 13 and other factors. The design of overrunning clutches 10 may be different, but any version of their implementation must ensure rotation of the corresponding shaft in one direction and idle rotation in the opposite direction, to ensure transmission of rotation to the electric generator 11 in one direction. Overrunning clutches 10 are connected to their corresponding gears 9 on each of the shafts 6, 7.

The principle of interaction of the unit is based on the fact that the overrunning clutches 10 on different shafts 6, 7 are configured differently, namely, when the rack 5 is lifted up through the gears 9, rotation is transmitted to one of the shafts, while rotation is not transmitted to the second shaft, since the overrunning clutch 10 is activated through gear 9 and does not provide rotation to this shaft, when the rack 5 is lowered, on the contrary, the shaft that received rotation does not receive it due to the operation of the overrunning clutch 10, and the second shaft, on the contrary, receives rotation. Thus, there is a constant (non-breaking) cycle of transmission of rotation to the electric generator 11, either directly through the main shaft 6, or through the auxiliary shaft 7 and the general transmission 8, which ensures increased efficiency and efficiency of the device with a simple design.

At the lower end of each gear rack 5 there are rods 12 with floats 13 configured to move up and down under the action of a wave to influence the gear racks 5 and move them vertically. The rods 12, as a rule, are made in the form of a pipe or a rod and are preferably detachably fixed with gear racks 5. At the lower end of the rod 12, a lever 14 is preferably attached for attaching floats 13 to it. Floats 13 can be made of various materials. Floats 13 must be balanced in such a way that they have buoyancy close to neutral, but under the influence of a wave they tend upward, and without the influence of a wave they fall down. Therefore, it is preferable to make the float 13 with the ability to adjust its degree of buoyancy, since depending on different conditions of use, installation depth, water density in the reservoir and other factors, balancing of the floats 13 may be necessary. Additional removable counterweights or for example, adjusting the float 13 by pumping (increasing pressure) or bleeding (decreasing pressure) the air inside it or by another method of adjusting buoyancy.

The principle of using the proposed invention is as follows.

The lifting support 1 is installed in the ground in the water area of the reservoir.

A rotating platform 2 is installed on the lifting support 1.

The rotating platform 2 rotates perpendicular to the direction of the wave, and the lifting support 1 is adjustable in height.

On the turntable 2, the main shaft 6 and the auxiliary shaft 7 are installed in the guides, connected by a common transmission 8. An electric generator 11 for power take-off is attached to the end of the main shaft 6.

On the turntable 2 there are upper supports 3, on which linear guides 4 are fixed.

The main shaft 6 and auxiliary shaft 7 contain pairs of gears 9 located opposite each other with overrunning clutches 10, interacting with the corresponding gear racks 5.

At the lower end of each gear rack 5 there are rods 12 with floats 13.

Under the influence of the wave, the floats 13 make a vertical movement and, through the rods, act on the gear rack 5.

Gear racks 5 perform vertical reciprocating movement along linear guides 4.

The racks 5 transmit rotation through the gears 9 to the shafts 6, 7, however, the overrunning clutches 10 on different shafts 6, 7 are configured differently, namely, when the rack 5 is lifted up through the gears 9, rotation is transmitted to one of the shafts, while rotation is not transmitted to the second shaft, since the overrunning clutch 10 is activated and does not transmit rotation to this shaft; when the rack 5 is lowered, on the contrary, the shaft that received rotation does not receive it due to the operation of the overrunning clutch 10, and the second shaft, on the contrary, gets a spin. Thus, a constant (non-breaking) cycle of transmission of rotation to the electric generator 11 occurs.

The cycle repeats.

Example 1

The wave hydroelectric power station includes a lifting support 1, configured to be installed in the ground of a reservoir and adjusted in height,

- the rotating platform 2 interacts with the lifting support 1 with the possibility of its rotation,

- upper supports 3 are installed on the turntable 2, on which linear guides 4 are fixed,

- on the turntable 2, the main shaft 6 and the auxiliary shaft 7 are installed in the guides, connected by a common gear 8, while the power take-off electric generator 11 is attached to the end of the main shaft 6,

- the main shaft 6 and the auxiliary shaft 7 contain pairs of gears 9 located opposite each other with overrunning clutches 10, interacting with the corresponding gear racks 5,

- rods 12 with floats 13 are installed at the lower end of each gear rack 5,

- adjustment of the degree of buoyancy of the float 13 is carried out by increasing and decreasing the air pressure inside the float.

Example 2

The wave hydroelectric power station includes a lifting support 1, configured to be installed in the ground of a reservoir and adjusted in height,

- the rotating platform 2 interacts automatically with the lifting support 1 through a rotating gear wheel and a gear motor with a drive gear to rotate it,

- upper supports 3 are installed on the turntable 2, on which linear guides 4 are fixed,

- on the turntable 2, the main shaft 6 and the auxiliary shaft 7 are installed in the guides, connected by a common gear 8, while at the end of the main shaft 6, an electric power take-off generator 11 is fixed through the gearbox,

- the main shaft 6 and the auxiliary shaft 7 contain pairs of gears 9 located opposite each other with overrunning clutches 10, interacting with the corresponding gear racks 5,

- at the lower end of each gear rack 5, rods 12 with floats 13 are installed through a lever 14,

adjustment of the degree of buoyancy of the float 13 is carried out by means of counterweights.

The proposed solution improves the efficiency and efficiency of the device with simultaneous simplicity of design.

Claims (12)

1. A wave hydroelectric power station, characterized by the fact that it includes a lifting support, configured to be installed in the ground of a reservoir and adjustable in height, a rotating platform interacting with the lifting support with the possibility of its rotation, while on the said rotating platform upper supports are installed, on which linear guides are fixed, providing vertical reciprocating movement of the gear racks passing through the corresponding holes in the turntable, on the turntable, the main shaft and auxiliary shaft are installed in the guides, connected by a common transmission, while a power take-off electric generator is fixed at the end of the main shaft, the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft contain pairs of gears with overrunning clutches located opposite each other, configured to interact with their corresponding gear racks to transmit rotation to the electric generator, At the lower end of each gear rack there are rods with floats configured to move up and down under the action of a wave to influence the gear racks and move them vertically. 2. A hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a gearbox is installed on the main shaft in front of the power take-off generator to adjust the rotation speed. 3. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric generator includes an alternating current generator and a rectifier unit. 4. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating platform interacts with the lifting support through a rotating gear wheel and a gear motor with a drive gear. 5. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating platform interacts with the lifting support in automatic mode, adjusting the angle of rotation of the platform depending on the direction of the wave. 6. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the float is made with the ability to adjust its degree of buoyancy. 7. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 6, characterized in that the degree of buoyancy of the float is adjusted by means of counterweights. 8. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 6, characterized in that the degree of buoyancy of the float is adjusted by increasing and decreasing the air pressure inside the float. 9. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall transmission is made in the form of drive sprockets and a chain drive.

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