TWM649001U - Battery energy storage system for reducing spread of thermal event - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery energy storage system that reduces the propagation of thermal events includes at least one container module. The container module respectively includes a box, a first battery cabinet, and a second battery cabinet. The box includes a shell and a partition. The shell includes a first side opening, a first door body, a first upper opening, a first pressure relief window, a second side opening, and a second door body. , a second upper opening, a second pressure relief window, the shell defines a sealed space, and the partition separates the sealed space into a first chamber and a second chamber. The first battery cabinet is disposed in the first chamber. The first battery cabinet includes a plurality of first battery modules and a first control unit. The second battery cabinet is disposed in the second chamber, and the second battery cabinet includes a plurality of second battery modules and a second control unit.

Description

Battery energy storage systems that reduce the spread of thermal events

The present invention relates to a battery energy storage system, in particular to a boxed battery energy storage system that detects and reduces the propagation of thermal events.

With the rise of environmental awareness, the proportion of renewable energy used is increasing day by day, such as solar power generation, wind power generation, hydropower generation, etc. However, renewable energy sources are often affected by natural factors such as weather and season and have intermittent power supply characteristics, resulting in unstable power supply. However, it cannot be directly integrated into the power grid. In order to stably provide power to customers, energy storage equipment has become the main solution. The common energy storage equipment is Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS).

The conventional battery energy storage system uses multiple battery modules connected in series to form a battery cabinet, and multiple battery cabinets are installed in parallel in a single container, which can be integrated into the power grid to effectively store electricity, such as Chinese invention patents CN114336901A and CN114614140A. And No. CN114497786A. However, common battery energy storage systems are composed of lithium batteries. Lithium batteries often suffer from battery aging and thermal runaway problems, causing fires or explosions in battery cabinets. The scope of the impact will extend to other battery cabinets in the container, causing The expansion of the combustion range will not only increase the load on the fire protection system, but also cause additional losses. Therefore, how to effectively control the scope of the impact of thermal events in battery energy storage systems is a problem that those skilled in the art want to solve.

The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the conventional problem of dealing with the large impact range of thermal events in battery energy storage systems.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a battery energy storage system that reduces the propagation of thermal events, including: at least one container module. The container module respectively includes: a box, a first battery cabinet and a second battery cabinet. The box includes a shell and a partition. The shell includes a first side opening, a first door movably disposed on the first side opening, a first upper opening, and a first door disposed on the first upper opening. An open first pressure relief window, a second side opening opposite to the first side opening, a second door body movably provided on the second side opening, a second upper opening, and a second upper opening provided on the second side opening. There are two second pressure relief windows with upper openings. The shell defines a sealed space. The partition is provided in the shell and separates the sealed space into a first chamber and a second chamber that are isolated from each other. A pressure relief window and the second pressure relief window are respectively configured to allow the first chamber and the second chamber to communicate with the outside when the air pressure of the first chamber and the second chamber exceeds a pressure threshold. . The first battery cabinet is disposed in the first chamber. The first battery cabinet includes a plurality of first battery module groups and a first control unit. The first battery module groups are stacked in the first battery cabinet and mutually connected. Electric power connection, the first control unit is arranged above the first battery module. The second battery cabinet is disposed in the second chamber. The second battery cabinet includes a plurality of second battery module groups and a second control unit. The second battery module groups are stacked in the second battery cabinet and connected to each other. Electric power connection, the second control unit is arranged above the second battery module.

1: Container module

10: Cabinet

11: Shell

111a: First chamber

112a: First side opening

113a:The first door

114a: The first upper opening

115a: First pressure relief window

116a: First relief valve

111b: Second chamber

112b: Second side opening

113b:Second door body

114b: The second upper opening

115b: Second pressure relief window

116b: Second relief valve

12:Partition

13: Pipe space

131:Power connection bus

132: Cooling liquid delivery pipe

133:Circuit wiring

20a: First battery cabinet

21a: First battery module

22a: First control unit

23a: First smoke sensor

24a: First temperature sensor

25a: First fire extinguishing device

20b: Second battery cabinet

21b: Second battery module

22b: Second control unit

23b: Second smoke sensor

24b: Second temperature sensor

25b: Second fire extinguishing device

30: Fire extinguishing liquid delivery pipe

41, 42, 43, 44, 45: energized circuit

51, 52, 53, 54, 55: Energy storage inverter

60:neighboring area

L: Fire extinguishing liquid

t:Thickness

d: separation distance

S1, S1-1, S1-2, S1-3, S2, S2-1, S2-2, S3: steps

"Figure 1" is a perspective view of the appearance of this new container module.

"Figure 2" is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the new container module.

"Figure 3" is a top cross-sectional schematic diagram of the new container module.

"Figure 4" is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing procedure of this new battery energy storage system.

"Figure 5" is a step diagram for starting the fire extinguishing procedure of this new container module.

"Figure 6" is a schematic diagram of the new container module starting the fire extinguishing procedure.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and does not limit the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context dictates otherwise.

Directional terms used herein, such as up, down, left, right, front, back and their derivatives or synonyms, refer to the orientation of elements in the drawings and do not limit the invention unless the context clearly states otherwise. The detailed description and technical content of this new model are described below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to "Figure 1", the present invention discloses a battery energy storage system (Battery Energy Storage Systems, BESS) that reduces the spread of thermal events, including at least one container module 1. The container module 1 can be provided individually or in multiples. And they are arranged in parallel with each other. In "Figure 1", three container modules 1 are connected in parallel as an example. The number of parallel connections is not limited here. Accordingly, the assembly efficiency can be improved and land resources can be effectively utilized.

Referring to "Figure 2" and "Figure 3", the container module 1 includes a box body 10, a first battery cabinet 20a, a second battery cabinet 20b and a plurality of fire extinguishing liquid delivery pipes 30 respectively. In this embodiment, one container module 1 is equipped with two battery cabinets (ie, the first battery cabinet 20a and the second battery cabinet 20b). The first battery cabinet 20a and the second battery cabinet 20b are arranged in parallel. .

The box 10 includes a shell 11, a partition 12 and a plurality of pipeline spaces 13. The box 10 defines a sealed space through the shell 11, and the partition 12 is disposed in the shell 11 and divides the sealed space. A first chamber 111a and a second chamber 111b are separated from each other. In this embodiment, the first chamber 111 a is located on a front side of the housing 11 , and the second chamber 111 b is located on a rear side of the housing 11 . The pipeline space 13 is located in an upper half of the box 10 . The pipeline space 13 can be provided with a power connection bus 131 , a cooling liquid delivery pipe 132 , a circuit wiring 133 and the fire extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 . In one example, the outer shell 11 and the partition 12 are made of a warehouse board and have a thickness t. The thickness t ranges from 3.5 cm to 15 cm, which can effectively prevent the spread of fire.

The front side of the housing 11 includes a first side opening 112a, a first door body 113a, a first upper opening 114a and a first pressure relief window 115a. The first door body 113a is movably disposed on the first The side opening 112a, the first pressure relief window 115a is disposed on the first upper opening 114a, the first pressure relief window 115a is configured to supply air to the first chamber 111a when the air pressure exceeds a pressure threshold. 111a is connected to the outside to discharge gas or smoke when thermal runaway occurs in the first battery cabinet 20a to prevent the first chamber 111a from exploding due to excessive internal pressure. The pressure threshold is between 102kPa and 150kPa.

The rear side of the housing 11 includes a second side opening 112b, a second door body 113b, a second upper opening 114b and a second pressure relief window 115b. The second side opening 112b is opposite to the first side opening. 112a is provided, in other words, the first side opening 112a and the second side opening 112b are respectively provided on opposite sides of the housing 11 (ie, the front side and the rear side), and the second door body 113b is movably provided on the The second side opening 112b, the second pressure relief window 115b is disposed on the second upper opening 114b, the second pressure relief window 115b is configured to provide air for the second chamber 111b when the air pressure exceeds the air pressure threshold. The chamber 111b is connected to the outside and is used to discharge gas or smoke when the second battery cabinet 20b undergoes thermal runaway to prevent the second chamber 111b from exploding due to excessive internal pressure.

The first battery cabinet 20a is disposed in the first chamber 111a. The first battery cabinet 20a includes a plurality of first battery modules 21a, a first control unit 22a, a first smoke sensor 23a, a first A temperature sensor 24a and a first fire extinguishing device 25a. The first battery module 21a is stacked in the first battery cabinet 20a and electrically connected to each other. The first control unit 22a is provided in the first battery module. Above 21a, the first smoke sensor 23a is configured to determine whether the first battery cabinet 20a generates smoke, and the first temperature sensor 24a is configured to determine whether the temperature of the first battery cabinet 20a is higher than a The first fire extinguishing device 25a sprays a fire extinguishing gas when the first battery cabinet 20a generates the smoke and the temperature is higher than the temperature threshold. This temperature threshold is between 75°C and 200°C.

The second battery cabinet 20b is disposed in the second chamber 111b. The second battery cabinet 20b includes a plurality of second battery modules 21b, a second control unit 22b, a second smoke sensor 23b, a first Two temperature sensors 24b and a second fire extinguishing device 25b. The second battery module 21b is stacked in the second battery cabinet 20b and electrically connected to each other. The second control unit 22b is provided in the second battery module. Above 21b, the second smoke sensor 23b is configured to determine whether the second battery cabinet 20b generates smoke, and the second temperature sensor 24b is configured to determine whether the temperature of the second battery cabinet 20b is higher than a The second fire extinguishing device 25b sprays a fire extinguishing gas when the second battery cabinet 20b generates the smoke and the temperature is higher than the temperature threshold.

In this embodiment, the first battery cabinet 20a and the second battery cabinet 20b have the same configuration and are disposed in the first chamber 111a and the second chamber 111b respectively facing away from each other, and the third A battery cabinet 20a and the second battery cabinet 20b have a separation distance d from the casing 11 and the partition 12. The separation distance d is between 5 cm and 25 cm. Accordingly, the first battery cabinet 20a or When a fire occurs in the second battery cabinet 20b, it quickly spreads to the entire box 10 or other container modules 1. The first control unit 22a and the second control unit 22b are a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS), respectively used to detect and control the voltage of the first battery module 21a and the second battery module 21b. , temperature and current abnormal signals to avoid abnormal conditions such as over-discharge, over-charge, over-temperature (operating temperature of the battery), and the first control unit 22a and the second control unit 22b can respectively control the first battery cabinet 20a and the high-voltage DC output circuit of the second battery cabinet 20b. further Specifically, the first fire extinguishing device 25a and the second fire extinguishing device 25b are an aerosol fire extinguisher or FM-200 fire extinguishing agent.

The fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 is connected to a fire-extinguishing liquid source (not shown) to provide a fire-extinguishing liquid L. The liquid fire-extinguishing source supplies the fire-extinguishing liquid L into the first chamber 111a or the second chamber of the box 10 Chamber 111b, and a water injection valve (not shown) controls the water injection amount of the fire extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30. The fire extinguishing liquid L can be, but is not limited to, pure water or tap water.

In one embodiment, if the following first-stage fire conditions are established, the first control unit 22a and the second control unit 22b are triggered to shut down the first battery module 21a and the second battery module 21b to the outside world. The first fire extinguishing device 25a releases the fire extinguishing gas to fill the first chamber 111a: the first smoke sensor 23a determines that the first battery cabinet 20a generates the smoke, and the first temperature sensor 24a determines that the temperature of the first battery cabinet 20a is higher than the temperature threshold; wherein, if the following second-stage fire conditions are established, the first pressure relief window 115a is opened, and the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 is opened to allow the fire-extinguishing liquid to L is injected into the first chamber 111a: the air pressure of the first chamber 111a exceeds the air pressure threshold.

In one embodiment, if the following first-stage fire conditions are established, the first control unit 22a and the second control unit 22b are triggered to turn off the external power of the first battery module 21a and the second battery module 21b. Electrical connection, the second fire extinguishing device 25b releases the fire extinguishing gas to fill the second chamber 111b: the second smoke sensor 23b determines that the second battery cabinet 20b generates the smoke, and the second temperature sensor 24b It is determined that the temperature of the second battery cabinet 20b is higher than the temperature threshold; if the following second-stage fire conditions are established, the second pressure relief window 115b is opened, and the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 is opened to allow the fire-extinguishing liquid L Injecting into the second chamber 111b: the air pressure of the second chamber 111b exceeds the air pressure threshold.

Further, the shell 11 of the box 10 also includes a first relief valve 116a and a second relief valve 116b. The first relief valve 116a is located between the first battery module 21a and the first control unit. 22a for communication between the first chamber 111a and the outside, and the second overflow valve 116b is between the second battery module 21b and the second control unit 22b for communication between the second chamber 111b and the outside. . Accordingly, the fire-extinguishing liquid L entering the first chamber 111a and the second chamber 111b through the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 will only flood a plurality of the first battery modules 21a and the second battery modules connected in series. group 21b without affecting the operation of the first control unit 22a and the second control unit 22b.

Refer to "Figure 4" to "Figure 6" to further illustrate how the new battery energy storage system reduces the spread of thermal events. "Figure 4" is a schematic diagram of the new battery energy storage system starting the fire extinguishing procedure. The battery energy storage system The system includes a plurality of energization circuits 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 and a plurality of energy storage inverters 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 that control the energization circuits 41, 42, 43, 44, 45. The energization circuit 41 , 42, 43, 44, and 45 respectively include a plurality of the container modules 1 connected in parallel with each other.

"Figure 5" is a step diagram for initiating the fire extinguishing procedure of the new container module. In this embodiment, a thermal event occurs in the first battery cabinet 20a of one of the container modules 1 as an example, and the following steps are performed:

Step S1: The first control unit 22a detects the voltage, temperature, and current of the first battery module 21a and sends out abnormal signals (overdischarge, overcharge, overtemperature, and other abnormal conditions), and the first control unit 22a receives Based on the detection results of the first smoke sensor 23a and the first temperature sensor 24a, step S1-1 is executed to turn off the power circuit control units 22a and 22b of the first battery module 21a and the second battery module 21b, Then continue to perform step S1-2 and step S1-3 according to the pressure in the battery cabinet. Among them, step S1 includes step S1-1, step S1-2 and step S1-3.

Step S1-1: The first smoke sensor 23a detects that the first chamber 111a generates smoke, the first temperature sensor 24a detects that the temperature of the first chamber 111a is higher than the temperature threshold, the The first control unit 22a turns off the first battery cabinet 20a, and the second control unit 22b turns off the second battery cabinet at the same time. 20b, and turn off the power circuit 43 connected to the first battery cabinet 20a and the second battery cabinet 20b (as shown in "Figure 4").

Step S1-2: The first fire extinguishing device 25a sprays a fire extinguishing gas to extinguish an electrical fire. In one example, when the air pressure of the first battery cabinet 20a does not exceed the air pressure threshold for opening the first pressure relief window 115a, the state is maintained in S1-2.

Step S1-3: When the air pressure of the first chamber 111a exceeds the air pressure threshold, the first pressure relief window 115a is opened to allow the first chamber 111a to communicate with the outside to eliminate the pressure in the first chamber 111a. smoke. Go to step S2.

Step S2: The first control unit 22a controls the injection valve of the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 to open to allow the fire-extinguishing liquid L to be injected into the first chamber 111a (as shown in "Figure 6"). Among them, step S2 includes step S2-1 and step S2-2.

Step S2-1: The fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 starts a rapid water injection until a liquid level of the fire-extinguishing liquid L reaches the first overflow valve 116a.

Step S2-2: The fire-extinguishing liquid L flows to an outside of the box 10 through the first overflow valve 116a, and the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe 30 switches from the fast water injection to a slow water injection, so that the fire-extinguishing liquid L flows into the first The amount of water in the chamber 111a is balanced with the amount of water flowing out of the first chamber 111a.

Step S3: Step S2-1 directly follows step S3. The battery energy storage system shuts off the other energized circuits 42 and 44 adjacent to the energized circuit 43, performs power-off isolation protection for adjacent area circuits, and protects the first battery cabinet 20a and An adjacent area 60 of the second battery cabinet 20b is sprayed with water to cool down. This can slow down the spread of fire.

In the above steps, the first smoke sensor 23a and the first temperature sensor 24a are established at the same time, which will trigger the first stage of the fire response program and release the fire extinguishing gas. When the pressure inside the cabinet rises and triggers the opening of the first pressure relief window 115a, the second stage fire response procedure will be triggered, and the water filling and fire extinguishing procedure of the battery cabinet will be started to open the water filling valve and allow the fire extinguishing liquid L to be injected into the first chamber 111a. , due to the injection The fire extinguishing liquid L is a destructive protection mechanism. Through the multiple judgment conditions of the first smoke sensor 23a, the first temperature sensor 24a and the first pressure relief window 115a, it is possible to avoid the failure of the first smoke sensor 23a, the first temperature sensor 24a. And one of the first pressure relief windows 115a misjudges early water filling, causing additional losses.

To sum up, in the present invention, through the arrangement of the shell and the partition of the container module, the first battery cabinet and the second battery cabinet can be separated into two independent spaces (i.e., the first cavity). room, the second chamber), and multiple container modules can be arranged in parallel to form a battery energy storage system. When a fire occurs in one of the battery cabinets in the battery energy storage system, the fire extinguishing liquid delivery pipe can be The fire-extinguishing liquid is directly input into the container module. Since each container module is independently configured, and the first chamber and the second chamber of the container module are two independent chambers, the fire-extinguishing liquid is directly input into the container module. The liquid delivery pipe is used to extinguish the fire in the chamber, which can reduce unnecessary losses. Secondly, the shell and the partition of the container module are made of fireproof materials, which can effectively prevent or delay the spread of fire to other container modules. Further, the opening of the first smoke sensor, the first temperature sensor and the first pressure relief window must be established at the same time before the fire extinguishing procedure is triggered, so that the water injection valve is opened and the fire extinguishing liquid is injected into the fire. The chamber can prevent one of the first smoke sensor, the first temperature sensor and the first pressure relief window from misjudgment and causing additional losses.

1: Container module

10: Cabinet

11: Shell

111a: First chamber

112a: First side opening

113a:The first door

114a: The first upper opening

115a: First pressure relief window

116a: First relief valve

111b: Second chamber

112b: Second side opening

113b:Second door body

114b: The second upper opening

115b: Second pressure relief window

116b: Second relief valve

12:Partition

13: Pipe space

131:Power connection bus

132: Cooling liquid delivery pipe

133:Circuit wiring

20a: First battery cabinet

21a: First battery module

22a: First control unit

23a: First smoke sensor

24a: First temperature sensor

25a: First fire extinguishing device

20b: Second battery cabinet

21b: Second battery module

22b: Second control unit

23b: Second smoke sensor

24b: Second temperature sensor

25b: Second fire extinguishing device

30: Fire extinguishing liquid delivery pipe

Claims (7)

A battery energy storage system that reduces the propagation of thermal events, including: At least one container module, the container module includes: A box includes a shell and a partition. The shell includes a first side opening, a first door movably disposed on the first side opening, a first upper opening, and a first door disposed on the first side opening. A first pressure relief window with an upper opening, a second side opening opposite to the first side opening, a second door body movably provided on the second side opening, a second upper opening, and a second door body disposed on the second side opening. A second pressure relief window with a second upper opening, the housing defines a sealed space, the partition is disposed in the housing and separates the sealed space into a first chamber and a second chamber that are isolated from each other, the The first pressure relief window and the second pressure relief window are respectively configured to allow the first chamber and the second chamber to communicate with the outside when the air pressure of the first chamber and the second chamber exceeds a pressure threshold. connected; A first battery cabinet is provided in the first chamber. The first battery cabinet includes a plurality of first battery module groups and a first control unit. The first battery module groups are stacked in the first battery cabinet and are electrically connected to each other, and the first control unit is disposed above the first battery module; and A second battery cabinet is provided in the second chamber. The second battery cabinet includes a plurality of second battery module groups and a second control unit. The second battery module groups are stacked in the second battery cabinet and They are electrically connected to each other, and the second control unit is disposed above the second battery module. The battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the first battery cabinet and the second battery cabinet are disposed in the first chamber and the second chamber respectively, facing away from each other. The battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the housing further includes a first overflow valve and a second overflow valve, the first overflow valve is located between the first battery module and the first control unit between the first chamber and the outside; the second overflow valve is located between the second battery module and the second control unit to communicate between the second chamber and the outside. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, further comprising a fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe, which is arranged in a pipeline space in an upper half of the box and is connected to a fire-extinguishing liquid source, so as to Supply a fire extinguishing liquid. The battery energy storage system of claim 4, wherein the first battery cabinet includes a first smoke sensor, a first temperature sensor and a first fire extinguishing device, and the second battery cabinet includes a second Smoke sensor, a second temperature sensor and a second fire extinguishing device, the first smoke sensor and the second smoke sensor are respectively configured to determine the first battery cabinet and the second battery cabinet Whether a smoke is generated, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively configured to determine whether the temperature of the first battery cabinet and the second battery cabinet is higher than a temperature threshold, the first fire extinguishing device And the second fire extinguishing device is configured to release a fire extinguishing gas to the first chamber and the second chamber respectively. The battery energy storage system as described in claim 5, wherein if the following first-stage fire conditions are established, the first control unit and the second control unit are triggered to shut down the first battery module and the second battery. The module is connected to the external power, and the first fire extinguishing device releases the fire extinguishing gas to fill the first chamber: The first smoke sensor determines that the first battery cabinet generates the smoke, and the first temperature sensor determines that the temperature of the first battery cabinet is higher than the temperature threshold; and Among them, if the following second-stage fire conditions are established, the first pressure relief window is opened, and the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe is opened to allow the fire-extinguishing liquid to be injected into the first chamber: The air pressure of the first chamber exceeds the air pressure threshold. The battery energy storage system as described in claim 5, wherein if the following first-stage fire conditions are established, the first control unit and the second control unit are triggered to shut down the first battery module and the second battery. The module is connected to the external power, and the second fire extinguishing device releases the fire extinguishing gas to fill the second chamber: The second smoke sensor determines that the second battery cabinet generates the smoke, and the second temperature sensor determines that the temperature of the second battery cabinet is higher than the temperature threshold; and Among them, if the following second-stage fire conditions are established, the second pressure relief window is opened, and the fire-extinguishing liquid delivery pipe is opened to allow the fire-extinguishing liquid to be injected into the second chamber: The air pressure of the second chamber exceeds the air pressure threshold.

Images