M428511 I 五、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係為一種保護電路，特別指一種電池輸出短路 保護電路。 【先前技術】M428511 I V. New description: [New technical field] This creation is a protection circuit, especially a battery output short circuit protection circuit. [Prior Art]
隨著鋰離子應用範圍越來越廣，對鋰電池保護電路的 要求也變得多樣化、複雜化。過去的電池保護電路，係針 對鋰系列的電池在短路時，因為過度的充、放電導致電池 炸壞或損毀、電源起火等問題所提供的一種保護機制，此 保護機制亦可搭配溫度控管功能，使電池溫度過高時可以 立即對應停止充放電。 δ月令阅弟 ’ 均又’卜丁、TO i汁J I卯J /υ ΊΤ 1、一電壓As lithium ion applications become more widespread, the requirements for lithium battery protection circuits have become more diverse and complex. The past battery protection circuit is a protection mechanism provided by the lithium series battery when it is short-circuited due to excessive charging and discharging, causing the battery to be damaged or damaged, and the power supply is ignited. This protection mechanism can also be combined with the temperature control function. When the battery temperature is too high, it can immediately stop charging and discharging. δ月令令弟 ‘ all again’ Bu Ding, TO i juice J I卯J /υ ΊΤ 1, a voltage
比較态2、一參考電壓Vref以及一分壓保護電阻3所組成 。該開關元件1具有一閘極端u、一第一端12及一第二 端13，該第一端12電連接至一電池1〇〇，而該第二端u 電連接至-第一輸出負載端61 ;該電壓比較器2具有 出^ 21、-第—輸人端22及—第二輸人端23，該輸出端 、1電連接至開關S件之閘極端U ;該參考電壓Vref 連接至電壓比較器2之第二輸人端23 ;該分壓保護電阻3 電連接於第二輸出負載端62與電池_之間，而該第 出負載端62再電遠扭1 運接至電壓比較器2之第一輸入端22。 請參閱第1圖，春货 ^, , 端62接上負載6時二輸出負載端61與第二輸出負載 載時’該分壓保護電阻3與第二輸出負载端 3 62的負載6共同承受電池100的分壓，該分壓保護電阻3 的分壓相對於電壓比較器2之參考電壓Vref較小，使分墨 比較器2輸出一低準位的訊號，該訊號再經過開關元件1 使整個迴路啟用，此時呈現正常供電的狀態。當第一輸出 負載端61與第二輸出負載端62短路時，該分壓保護電阻 3直接承受來自於電池1〇〇的分壓，該分壓相對於電壓比 較器2之參考電壓vref較大，使電壓比較器2輸出一高準 位的訊號，該訊號再經過開關元件1使整個迴路停滯，此 時則呈現保護切換的狀態。該分壓保護電阻3所扮演的即 是一狀態分壓感測的角色，可以藉由所感測到的分壓來決 定整個迴路的啟用輿停滯，最終達到保護鋰系列電池的目 的。 然而 这悚的保瘦機制功忐雖然很強大，也很容易實 現，卻仍有其需要改進的因為這樣的電池輸出短^ 保護電路使用的主要元件係—大功率的分壓保護電阻，奋 該電阻很大時，在常態供電的狀態會產生很高的溫度^ 且會造成不必要的能量損耗；而當該電阻很小時，卻 =高額的花費；此外，將分壓保護_與貞她__ 二本生負載效應，目的確實是_了，卻無法兼顧效率與 【新型内容】 種電池輸出短路 前技術中的分壓 有鑑於此，本創作的目的即是提供一 保護電路，藉由一短路感測元件來取代先 M428511 本創作為解決習知技術之問題所採用之技術手段，係 在一種電池輸出短路保護電路包括了 ： 一開關元件、一電 壓比較器、-參考電壓、—狀態電座產生電路及一短路感 測7G件。該開關元件’具有—閘極端、—第—端及一第二The comparison state 2, a reference voltage Vref and a voltage dividing protection resistor 3 are composed. The switching element 1 has a gate terminal u, a first terminal 12 and a second terminal 13. The first terminal 12 is electrically connected to a battery 1〇〇, and the second terminal u is electrically connected to the first output load. The voltage comparator 2 has a cathode 21, a first input terminal 22 and a second input terminal 23. The output terminal 1 is electrically connected to the gate terminal U of the switch S. The reference voltage Vref is connected. The second input terminal 23 of the voltage comparator 2; the voltage dividing protection resistor 3 is electrically connected between the second output load terminal 62 and the battery_, and the first output terminal 62 is further electrically twisted and connected to the voltage. The first input 22 of the comparator 2. Please refer to Fig. 1, spring cargo ^, , terminal 62 connected to load 6 when the output load terminal 61 and the second output load carrier 'the voltage divider protection resistor 3 and the second output load terminal 3 62 load 6 bear together The voltage division of the battery 100, the voltage division of the voltage dividing protection resistor 3 is smaller than the reference voltage Vref of the voltage comparator 2, so that the ink separation comparator 2 outputs a low level signal, and the signal is further passed through the switching element 1 The entire loop is enabled and the normal power supply state is present. When the first output load terminal 61 and the second output load terminal 62 are short-circuited, the voltage dividing protection resistor 3 directly receives the partial pressure from the battery 1 , which is larger than the reference voltage vref of the voltage comparator 2 The voltage comparator 2 outputs a high-level signal, and the signal passes through the switching element 1 to make the entire circuit stagnant, and at this time, the protection switching state is presented. The voltage-dividing protection resistor 3 plays the role of a state-divided voltage sensing, and the sensed voltage division can determine the activation and stagnation of the entire circuit, and finally achieve the purpose of protecting the lithium-series battery. However, although the slimming mechanism is very powerful and easy to implement, it still needs to be improved because such a battery output is short. The main component used in the protection circuit is a high-power partial voltage protection resistor. When the resistance is large, the state of the normal power supply will generate a high temperature ^ and will cause unnecessary energy loss; and when the resistance is small, it will be a high cost; in addition, the partial pressure protection _ and her _ _ The second load effect, the purpose is indeed _, but can not balance efficiency and [new content] The partial pressure of the technology before the battery output short circuit. In view of this, the purpose of this creation is to provide a protection circuit, The short-circuit sensing component replaces the first M428511. The technical means used to solve the problem of the prior art is a battery output short-circuit protection circuit including: a switching element, a voltage comparator, a reference voltage, a state battery The block generating circuit and a short circuit sensing 7G piece. The switching element ' has a gate terminal, a first terminal, and a second
端’該第-端電連接至-電池，而該第二端電連接至一 I 載端；該f壓比㈣，具有—輸出端、—第—輸人端及一 第二輸入端，該輸出端電連接1„元件之閘極端；該參 考電壓^電連接至電壓比較器之第—輸人端丨該狀態電 壓產生電路，具有一電壓輸出端電連接至電壓比較器之第 二輸入端；該短路感測元件，具有一第一電連接端與一第 一電連接端分別電連接至第一輪出負載端與狀態電壓產生 電路之電壓輸出端。The end is electrically connected to the battery, and the second end is electrically connected to an I terminal; the f voltage ratio (4) has an output terminal, a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The output terminal is electrically connected to the gate terminal of the component; the reference voltage is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the voltage comparator, the state voltage generating circuit, and has a voltage output terminal electrically connected to the second input terminal of the voltage comparator The short circuit sensing component has a first electrical connection end and a first electrical connection end electrically connected to the first wheel output load end and the voltage output end of the state voltage generating circuit.
當正常供電時輸出負载端接上負載，該短路感測元件 斷路，狀態電壓產生電路隨即輸出一高於參考電壓之電壓 值，使電壓比較器輸出一低準位訊號，經由開關元件之後 使整個迴路呈現導通狀態；而當輸出負載端短路時，該短 路感測元件即導通，使狀態電壓產生電路隨即輪出一低於 參考電壓之電壓值’使電壓比較器輸出一高準位訊號，經 由開關元件之後使整個迴路呈現斷路狀態。藉由短路感測 元件來感測迴路之輸出負載端是否短路，來確實達到保護 電池之目的。 M428511 本創作如此的設計只需要使用小功率的分壓電阻於狀 態電壓產生電路中即可，不需要用到大功率電阻，使本創 作之耗電率大幅下降；此外，本創作使鋰電池在正常供電 時，小功率的分壓電阻未流經負載電流，只提供了偏壓， 不但耗電較小，更無所謂虛耗功率的問題；再者，因為不 需要先前技術中的分壓保護電阻直接與負载串聯，避免掉 了負載效應的問題，因此這樣的設計更能適應於大電流、 咼動力的馬達（如電動車）。 總合以上優點，本創作不只是解決了先前技術之問題 ’更確實地提供了 —個更具備靈活性的設計，在未來綠能 產業想必可以預見本創作將廣泛的應用在鋰系列的電池保 護之中。 【實施方式】 請參閱第2圖與第3圖，本創作電池輸出短路保護電 路包括a了：-開關元件i、一電壓比較器2、一參考電壓3 狀I、電壓產生電路4及一短路感測元件5。該開關元 件1 ’具有一閘極端11、一第-端12及一第二端13，該 第端12電連接至一電池1〇〇，而該第二端u電連接至 u，端61;該電壓比較器2，具有—輸出端2卜一 第輸知22及一第二輸入端23，該輸出端21電連接至 二牛1之閘極端11，該參考電壓3，係電連接至電壓 第輸入知22，該狀態電壓產生電路4，具有 一電壓輸出端43電連接至電壓比較器2之第二輸入端幻 6 M428511 該=路感測兀件5，具有—第—電連接端η與—第 生分別電連接至第—輸出負載端61與狀態電愿產 生電路4之電壓輸出端43。 μ參閱第2圖與第3圖，其中該電池1〇〇係為—鋰系 列的可充、放電式儲能單心該電池_之正負極無法直 接做短路電連接，將會導致電池_爆炸或損毁。而其中 該開關7L# 1係—具有三端接腳之電晶體，該開關元件1 之閘極端11在接受來自電壓比較器2之輸出端輸出之 輸出訊號後’衫該開關元件1係開啟或是關閉。When the power supply is normally connected, the output load terminal is connected to the load, and the short-circuit sensing component is disconnected, and the state voltage generating circuit then outputs a voltage value higher than the reference voltage, so that the voltage comparator outputs a low-level signal, and the entire The loop is in a conducting state; and when the output load is short-circuited, the short-circuit sensing component is turned on, so that the state voltage generating circuit then turns out a voltage value lower than the reference voltage to cause the voltage comparator to output a high-level signal. The switching element then causes the entire loop to assume an open state. The purpose of protecting the battery is achieved by short-circuiting the sensing element to sense whether the output load of the loop is short-circuited. M428511 This design only needs to use a small power divider resistor in the state voltage generating circuit, no need to use high-power resistors, so the power consumption rate of this creation is greatly reduced; in addition, this creation makes the lithium battery During normal power supply, the low-power voltage divider resistor does not flow through the load current, only provides the bias voltage, which not only consumes less power, but also has no problem of power consumption. Furthermore, because the voltage divider protection resistor in the prior art is not needed Directly connected in series with the load to avoid the load effect, so this design is more suitable for high-current, power-driven motors (such as electric vehicles). Combining the above advantages, this creation not only solves the problems of the prior art, but more certainly provides a more flexible design. In the future, the green energy industry must be able to foresee that this creation will be widely used in the battery protection of the lithium series. Among them. [Embodiment] Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the battery output short circuit protection circuit includes a: - switching element i, a voltage comparator 2, a reference voltage 3, I, a voltage generating circuit 4 and a short circuit Sensing element 5. The switching element 1 ' has a gate terminal 11, a first end 12 and a second end 13, the first end 12 is electrically connected to a battery 1 〇〇, and the second end u is electrically connected to u, the end 61; The voltage comparator 2 has an output terminal 2, a first input terminal 22 and a second input terminal 23. The output terminal 21 is electrically connected to the gate terminal 11 of the two cows. The reference voltage 3 is electrically connected to the voltage. The first input voltage 22, the state voltage generating circuit 4 has a voltage output terminal 43 electrically connected to the second input terminal of the voltage comparator 2, the imaginary sensor M5, which has a -first electrical connection terminal η The first and second ends are electrically connected to the first output load terminal 61 and the voltage output terminal 43 of the state power generation circuit 4. μ Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in which the battery 1 is a lithium-charged, dischargeable energy storage single-hearted battery. The positive and negative poles of the battery cannot directly make a short-circuit electrical connection, which will cause the battery to explode. Or damaged. Wherein the switch 7L# 1 is a transistor having a three-terminal pin, and the gate terminal 11 of the switching element 1 receives the output signal from the output of the voltage comparator 2, and then the switching element 1 is turned on or It is closed.
Μ請參閱第2圖與第3圖，其中該電壓比較器2係為一 ，算放^器元件所組成，該電壓比較器2包括了兩個_第 輸入女而22、一第二輸入端23與-個輸出端21，其中該 第輸入細22與該第二輸入端23有極性的分別，能藉由 比較輸人電壓值之大小來決定該電壓比較器2之輸出。 明參閱第2圆與第3圖’其中該參考電壓Vref係_固 定電廢值，係作為該電壓比較器2輸出之基準。而盆㈣ 狀態電壓產生電路4係—可提供固定分壓之電路，包括^ 至少一第一分壓電阻41、一第二分壓電阻42及一分壓電 壓源V c c，其中該分壓電壓源v c c經由第一分壓電阻*丨與 第二分壓電阻42提供一穩定的電壓至電壓輸出端43，與 參考電壓Vref之電壓值輸入電壓比較器2之後，再由電壓 比較器2之輸出端21輸出_低位準訊號或是高位準訊誠。 而其中該短路感測元件5係一可做導通與斷路切換的雙端 元件，主要由各類具有不同導通電壓的二極體所組成。 7 M428511 請參閲第3圖，當第一輸出負載端61與第二輸出負载 端62未短路時，該短路感測元件5不動作視為斷路，狀態 電壓產生電路4即輸出一高於參考電壓Vref之電壓值至電 壓比較器2之第二輸入端23，使得電壓比較器2輸出一低 位準的訊號，該訊號再經過開關元件丨使開關元件丨開啟 ，此時整個迴路呈現正常供電的狀態。 請參閱第3圖，當第一輸出負載端61與第二輸出負載 端62短路時，短路感測元件5開始動作視為導通，直接接 叉與電池100相同的接地壓降，狀態電壓產生路4即輸出 一低於參考電壓Vref之電壓值至電壓比較器2之第二輸入 端23，使得電壓比較器2輸出一高位準的訊號，該訊號再 經過開關元件1使開關元件i關閉’此整個迴路時則呈、見 保護切換的狀態。 請參閱第2圖與第4圖，本創作電池輸出短路保護電 路中之短路感測元# 5亦可為―無任何負載之導線。當第 :輸出負載端61與第二輸出負載端62短路時，短路感測 兀件5直接接受與電池刚相同的接地壓降，狀態電壓產 生路4即輸出—低於參考電壓Vref之電壓值至電壓比較器 =之第二輸入端23 ’使得電壓比較器2輸出—高位準的訊 號’該訊號再經過開關元件i使開關元件1義，且 閉狀態將會被閂鎖住。 另外在開關元件k第—端12與第二端13之間再跨 接上-重置開_ RST’用以將此被閃鎖住的關閉狀態解除 。而當第-輸出負載端61與第二輸出負載端62未短路時 M428511 ’該重置開關RST經過重置過後整個迴路即可呈現正常供 電的狀態。 由以上之實施例可知，本創作確具極佳之產業利用價 值，故本創作業已符合於專利之要件。惟以上之敘述僅為 本創作之較佳實施例說明’凡精於此項技藝者當可依據上 述之说明而作其它種種之改良，惟這些改變仍屬於本創作 之創作精神及以下所界定之專利範圍中。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖顯示習知技術之示意圖； =圖” '員不本創作電池輸出短路保護電路之系統架構圖； 3圖顯示本創作電池輸出短路保護電路第一實施例之示 意圖； ‘員不本創作電池輸出短路保護電路第二實施例之示 圖〇 【主要7L件符號說明 100 電池 1 開關元件 11 閘極端 12 第一端 13 第二端 2 21 電壓比較器 輸出端 9 M428511 22 第一輸入端 23 第二輸入端 3 分壓保護電阻 4 狀態電壓產生電路 41 第一分壓電阻 42 第二分壓電阻 43 電壓輸出端 5 短路感測元件 51 第一電連接端 52 第二電連接端 6 負載 61 第一輸出負載端 62 第二輸出負載端 RST 重置開關 Vcc 分壓電壓源 Vref 參考電壓第Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , wherein the voltage comparator 2 is composed of a comparator component, and the voltage comparator 2 includes two _ first input females 22 and one second input end. 23 and - an output terminal 21, wherein the first input terminal 22 and the second input terminal 23 have polarities respectively, and the output of the voltage comparator 2 can be determined by comparing the magnitude of the input voltage value. Referring to the second and third figures, wherein the reference voltage Vref is a fixed electrical waste value, it serves as a reference for the output of the voltage comparator 2. The basin (4) state voltage generating circuit 4 is a circuit capable of providing a fixed voltage division, comprising: at least a first voltage dividing resistor 41, a second voltage dividing resistor 42 and a voltage dividing voltage source Vcc, wherein the voltage dividing voltage The source vcc provides a stable voltage to the voltage output terminal 43 via the first voltage dividing resistor *丨 and the second voltage dividing resistor 42, and the voltage value of the reference voltage Vref is input to the voltage comparator 2, and then the output of the voltage comparator 2 Terminal 21 outputs _ low level signal or high level information. The short-circuit sensing component 5 is a double-ended component that can be switched between on and off, and is mainly composed of various diodes having different on-voltages. 7 M428511 Referring to FIG. 3, when the first output load terminal 61 and the second output load terminal 62 are not short-circuited, the short-circuit sensing element 5 does not operate as an open circuit, and the state voltage generating circuit 4 outputs a higher than the reference. The voltage value of the voltage Vref is applied to the second input terminal 23 of the voltage comparator 2, so that the voltage comparator 2 outputs a low level signal, and the signal is further turned on by the switching element ,, and the entire circuit is normally powered. status. Referring to FIG. 3, when the first output load terminal 61 and the second output load terminal 62 are short-circuited, the short-circuit sensing element 5 starts to operate as a conduction, and directly connects the same ground voltage drop as the battery 100, and the state voltage generates a path. 4, that is, a voltage value lower than the reference voltage Vref is outputted to the second input terminal 23 of the voltage comparator 2, so that the voltage comparator 2 outputs a high level signal, and the signal passes through the switching element 1 to turn off the switching element i. When the whole circuit is in progress, the protection switching state is shown. Referring to Figures 2 and 4, the short-circuit sensing element #5 in the output short-circuit protection circuit of the present battery can also be a wire without any load. When the first output load terminal 61 and the second output load terminal 62 are short-circuited, the short-circuit sensing element 5 directly receives the same ground voltage drop as the battery, and the state voltage generating path 4 outputs - a voltage value lower than the reference voltage Vref. The second input 23' to the voltage comparator = causes the voltage comparator 2 to output - a high level signal. The signal then passes through the switching element i to make the switching element 1 and the closed state will be latched. In addition, a reset-reset_RST is repeated between the first end 12 and the second end 13 of the switching element k to release the closed state of the flash lock. When the first output load terminal 61 and the second output load terminal 62 are not short-circuited, the entire circuit can be in a normal power supply state after the reset switch RST is reset. It can be seen from the above embodiments that the creation has an excellent industrial utilization value, so the original operation has been in conformity with the requirements of the patent. However, the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 'Those who are skilled in this art can make other improvements according to the above description, but these changes still belong to the creative spirit of this creation and the following definitions. In the scope of patents. [Simplified description of the drawing] Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional technique; = "Figure" 'The system architecture diagram of the output short circuit protection circuit of the battery output; 3 shows the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the output short circuit protection circuit of the present battery ; 'Do not create a battery output short circuit protection circuit diagram of the second embodiment 〇 [main 7L symbol description 100 battery 1 switching element 11 gate terminal 12 first end 13 second end 2 21 voltage comparator output 9 M428511 22 first input terminal 23 second input terminal 3 voltage dividing protection resistor 4 state voltage generating circuit 41 first voltage dividing resistor 42 second voltage dividing resistor 43 voltage output terminal 5 short circuit sensing element 51 first electrical connection terminal 52 second Electrical connection 6 Load 61 First output load terminal 62 Second output load terminal RST Reset switch Vcc Divided voltage source Vref Reference voltage