M334702 然如此，但是嬰兒猝死的案例，仍常有聽聞及報導。其實 嬰兒猝死症之發生是不分人種、地域的，凡是未滿週歲的 嬰幼兒都可能發生，尤其是二〜四個月這段時期的嬰幼兒 發生之機率為最高，甚至更有嬰兒在出生後的一、兩週内 就發生猝死的案例，即便未致死亡，而短暫的缺氧，可能 引起腦部損傷，而這種傷害是造成嬰幼兒神經病變最常見 的原因。 备兒猝死症發生之原因尚不清楚，醫界目前的研究只 能從-些統計資财獲取一些訊息，綜合其有_因素有 以下幾點：M334702 However, the case of infant death is still often heard and reported. In fact, the occurrence of sudden death in infants is regardless of race or region. Any infant who is under the age of one may occur. Especially in the period of two to four months, infants and young children have the highest chance of occurrence, even more infants. Cases of sudden death within one or two weeks after birth, even if not caused by death, and short-term hypoxia, may cause brain damage, which is the most common cause of neuropathy in infants and young children. The reason for the occurrence of sudden death is still unclear. The current research in the medical profession can only obtain some information from some statistical assets, and the following factors are combined:
車乂冷的季如冬天）比較常發生：可能是因天氣寒冷 時’人們都窩在屋内，門窗緊閉空氣不流通，無論 _^1_疾_容易相互傳染；尤其是令吸 t面的問題特別多，而嬰幼兒的上呼吸道（鼻孔、 :二、及乳官又特別狹窄，很容易因感染、 ::一、*刀泌物増加而致阻S，然後身體缺 乳及二虱化碳堆積，最後就會發生窒息的現象而死 亡0 份嬰兒死亡是發生在午夜及清晨之 間，所以被§忍為與睡眠有關，但此仍不易證實，因 為嬰兒正常的睡眠時間，本來就佔了一天中的絕大 部份。此可能因睡眠時，上呼吸道(咽喉及舌頭）的肌 肉放鬆、塌陷、狹窄，以致阻塞，此時呼吸隊力變 大，其後縯的機轉與上述相同。 3·俯睡易&生相對於仰睡，俯睡的嬰兒可較安種及 M334702 沉睡，肢體動作較少，所以容易暫失呼吸及掙扎。 此外，出生三、四個月内的小嬰兒，因為本身肌肉 ^ 力量不足，尤其控制頭部轉動的頸部肌肉較弱，而 幼兒的頭部相對於身體都比較重大，所以萬一口鼻 被外物掩蓋時，不容易靠自己的力量移開，或奮力 掙扎哭喊。就算有也是很短暫微弱，大人亦不見得 會及時發覺。只要二、三分鐘的呼吸困難，幼兒全 身就會癱軟無力而呼吸停止，並邁向窒息及死亡 ❿ 了。東方人發生「嬰兒猝死症」的機率較少，可能 是習慣於將幼兒仰著睡。在英國及紐西蘭近年來提 倡嬰兒仰睡，研究結果也都證實：減少嬰兒队睡確 實可以明顯的大幅減少「嬰兒猝死症」的發生。 4. 男嬰的危險性高：統計結果上如是，但原因未明， 可能與體内的荷爾蒙有關：雄性激素會稍抑制呼吸 及導致熟睡時不呼吸。且在醫學上男嬰確實在許多 生命力的表現要比女嬰來得脆弱，如平均壽命男性 _ 較短、疾病的耐性（力）、敗血症死亡率、新生兒的黃 • 疸等等，都顯示出是男性較差。 5. 母乳哺育者較少：可能與母乳内含有某些保護因 子，少感染疾病，少產生過敏反應有關。 6. 早產兒：早產兒的各個器官皆不成熟，尤其是對維 持生命最重要的大腦神經、心肺功能耐力、肺部及 呼吸道結構、氣體交換的呼吸作用等等，皆不健全， 有可能因莫名的原因而突然的不呼吸，或呼吸道被 分泌物阻塞而無力掙扎反抗，最後在缺氧狀況下就 M334702 步向死亡了。 7·易嘔吐或溢奶的嬰兒：嘔吐或溢奶的動作易產生呼 吸道的緊縮反射、憋氣不呼吸、吸啥窒息。吸嗆窒 息於事後並不易確認為是導因，因為急;_“ 操作也易引致月内谷物進入氣管及肺部。 8·環境溫度過高：預防寒流來襲，矯柱過正，偏高的 環境溫度使嬰兒有如再回到母體子宮内一般，易抑 制其自發性的呼吸功能（子宮内胎兒的呼吸動作是很 微弱的）；相反的，稍低的溫度可使人精神抖擻，呼 吸動作加強。一般嬰兒最適宜的室内溫度為攝氏25 至30度左右。 9·沒有經驗的父母：對帶嬰兒毫無經驗，易使嬰兒生 病，也許在無意中妨礙了嬰兒的呼吸而不知，比如： 與嬰兒同床共眠時，自己的身子或厚重的蓋被、毛 巾壓住了嬰兒的臉部，致使喪失生命。 ίο.家庭環境不佳：生存空間中充滿危險的因素，如照 顧不週全、營養失調、空氣品質及衛生不好、屋内 煙味過重……等，也易使嬰兒發生意外。 11. 兄姊也冒有類似嬰兒猝死症：雖然不見得每個個案 都有遺傳的問題，但在某些家族「嬰兒猝死症」的 發生率確實是多一點。有研究顯示雙胞胎的發生率 為一般的四十倍，這可能是因某些神經系統及呼吸 功能的遺傳特質有關所致。 12. 心臟問題：類似成年人的心臟病突然發作—般，其 事先是一點症候都沒有的，即使事後的詳細檢查也 8 M334702 及收或反射些聲音的能量，此種沿著路徑之正常減落或 衰減的作用，可以用所設計的電子電路予以控制。 本創作呼吸監視系統由超音波感測器擷取呼吸時人體 胸L或腹腔起伏所產生的訊號為一次呼吸，、經計算及led 數位顯示呼吸頻率，並透過RS232串列傳輸介面將訊號傳 到個人電腦，再經以VB軟體所撰寫的圖控程式收集數據， 並以圖开y方式分析嬰幼兒生命跡象。本創作所產生之實質 功效則更優於創作人前所發明之1252438號專利。 【實施方式】 本創作改良式之非接觸式之窒息監視系統，該系統主 要含括有：負責呼吸頻率訊號偵測之超音波偵測單元、中 央控制單元、中央護理站監視單元與警報装置等， 圖所示。 為避免接觸式至息監視糸統，因接觸電極引發之皮膚 紅腫問題，或偵測壓力變化之電極因靈敏及精準程度受限 於嬰兒體重等問題；本系統利用超音波感測器偵測嬰兒呼 吸時所產生胸腔或腹腔起伏變化，分析嬰幼兒之呼吸頻率 與生命跡象，一旦發生呼吸頻率過低時即時發出警報。全 系統單元如第一圖所示，其中該中央控制單元係包括有· 前級放大、靈敏度調整、類比及數位轉換器及微處理器， 呼吸量測單元主要擷取呼吸時所產生變化的信號，麫 由前級放大器將訊號放大並適當調整靈敏度後，送往 單元將訊號轉換為數位資料進一步送往微處理器運算與央 策判斷控制。當偵測不到或感測之呼吸頻率信號下降^ ^ 11 M334702 利用酒精擦拭感測器表面消毒。 調整非接觸式監視系統，包括調整感測器的靈敏度及 _ 偵測端於適當位置，以利量測呼吸頻率資料。 貼上表面電極量測胸腔處肌肉之肌電訊號。 同時記錄非接觸式監視系統及接觸式監視系統的呼頻 率次數相互對照。 本創作之系統實現與功能 系統主要分成兩大部分：分別為負責擷取呼吸的訊號 • 與訊號轉換的硬體端以及呼吸訊號接收與分析的軟體端兩 部分。 2_1_1硬體監視部分： 系統主要分成三大部份：負責呼吸頻率訊號偵測之感 測器、數據量化及數位訊號處理、個人電腦資料擷取與警 報裝置，以下謹就訊號放大及調整與使用之89C51單晶片基 本電路說明如后。 (1) 訊號放大及調整 籲 嬰兒的呼吸是微小短促的，為提昇偵測靈敏度。除了 •利用LM324的1C加強訊號放大及濾波外，還必須加入靈敏 •度的調整’以確保使用在不同嬰兒>[貞測時可做微調。 (2) 89C51單晶片基本電路 89C51單晶片基本電路設計，供應單晶片+ 5V工作電 壓’接上12MHz石英震盪器作為時脈電路設計。P(^rS232 必須經過MAX232 (或其相容單晶片）電位轉換單晶片， 才能與89C51之串列埠連接，續保傳輸資料正確。vcc電壓 流經LED燈’使之導通點亮，反之，當p〇RT〇之接腳輸出The cold season of the rut is like winter. It is more common: it may be because when the weather is cold, people are nesting in the house, the doors and windows are closed and the air is not circulating, no matter _^1_disorder _ easily infected with each other; especially the suction of the surface The problem is particularly high, and the upper respiratory tract of the infant (the nostrils, the second, and the milk officer are particularly narrow, it is easy to be caused by infection, :: one, * knife secretion increased resistance, and then the body is deficient and dimorphic Carbon accumulation, and finally suffocation will occur and 0 deaths occur between midnight and early morning, so it is related to sleep, but it is still difficult to confirm, because the normal sleep time of the baby is originally occupied. The vast majority of the day. This may be due to the relaxation, collapse, and narrowness of the muscles of the upper respiratory tract (throat and tongue) during sleep, causing obstruction. At this time, the breathing force becomes larger, and the subsequent movement is the same as above. 3. Desperate and easy to sleep relative to the back to sleep, the baby who falls asleep can sleep more peacefully and M334702, less limb movements, so it is easy to temporarily lose breathing and struggling. In addition, small within three or four months of birth Baby, because of its own muscle ^ Insufficient strength, especially the neck muscles that control the rotation of the head are weak, and the head of the child is relatively large relative to the body, so if the nose and mouth are covered by foreign objects, it is not easy to remove by their own strength, or struggle Struggling and crying. Even if it is very short and weak, adults will not be able to detect it in time. As long as the breathing is difficult for two or three minutes, the child will be weak and breathless, and will stop breathing and suffocate and die. "Sudden sudden death" is less likely to be used to sleeping children. In the United Kingdom and New Zealand in recent years, infants are encouraged to sleep on their backs. The results of the study have also confirmed that reducing the infant team's sleep can be significantly reduced. The occurrence of sudden infant death. 4. The risk of male infants is high: the statistical results are as follows, but the cause is unknown, may be related to hormones in the body: androgen will slightly inhibit breathing and cause breathing when sleeping. And in medicine Baby boys do have a lot of vitality than females, such as average life expectancy _ shorter, disease tolerance (force), septicemia mortality Newborns such as yellow, sputum, etc., all show poor men. 5. Less breastfeeding: may be related to some protective factors in breast milk, less infection, and less allergic reactions. 6. Premature infants: early All organs of the child are immature, especially the most important brain nerves, cardiopulmonary endurance, lung and respiratory structure, gas exchange respiration, etc., which are not perfect, may be sudden due to inexplicable reasons. Do not breathe, or the respiratory tract is blocked by secretions and unable to struggle against it. Finally, M334702 is dead in the absence of oxygen. 7. Infants who are prone to vomiting or spilling milk: The action of vomiting or spilling milk is easy to produce a tight reflex of the respiratory tract. Helium does not breathe, sucks suffocation. Suction suffocation is not easy to confirm as a cause, because it is urgent; _ "Operation is also easy to cause the grain into the trachea and lungs during the month. 8. Ambient temperature is too high: prevention of cold currents, over-correction of the column, high ambient temperature makes the baby return to the mother's uterus, it is easy to inhibit its spontaneous respiratory function (the respiratory movement of the fetus in the uterus is very On the contrary, a slightly lower temperature can make people feel refreshed and their breathing moves stronger. The most suitable indoor temperature for normal babies is around 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. 9. Inexperienced parents: Inexperienced with a baby, easy to make the baby sick, may inadvertently hinder the baby's breathing, such as: When sleeping with the baby, his body or thick cover, The towel pressed the baby's face, causing loss of life. Ίο. Poor family environment: The dangerous factors in the living space, such as inadequate care, malnutrition, poor air quality and hygiene, excessive smoke in the house, etc., can also cause accidents in babies. 11. Brothers also have similar sudden deaths in infants: although not every case has a genetic problem, the incidence of “baby sudden death” in some families is indeed a little more. Studies have shown that the incidence of twins is 40 times that of the general, which may be due to the genetic traits of certain nervous systems and respiratory functions. 12. Heart problem: A sudden onset of a heart attack in an adult-like, it is not a symptom in advance, even after a detailed examination of 8 M334702 and the energy of receiving or reflecting some sound, this normal reduction along the path The effect of falling or attenuating can be controlled by the designed electronic circuit. The artificial respiratory monitoring system uses the ultrasonic sensor to extract the signal generated by the human chest L or the abdominal undulation when breathing, and the breathing frequency is calculated and led digitally, and the signal is transmitted through the RS232 serial transmission interface. The personal computer collects data through the graphical control program written by VB software, and analyzes the signs of life of infants and toddlers by means of y. The substantive effect produced by this creation is better than the patent of 1252438 previously invented by the author. [Embodiment] The improved non-contact suffocation monitoring system includes: an ultrasonic detecting unit responsible for respiratory frequency signal detection, a central control unit, a central nursing station monitoring unit, and an alarm device. , as shown in the figure. In order to avoid contact-type surveillance system, the problem of skin redness caused by contact with electrodes, or the detection of pressure change electrodes is limited by the sensitivity and accuracy of the baby's weight; the system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect infants. Changes in the chest or abdominal cavity caused by breathing, analysis of the respiratory rate and signs of life of infants and young children, in the event of a low respiratory rate, an immediate alarm. The whole system unit is as shown in the first figure, wherein the central control unit includes a preamplifier, a sensitivity adjustment, an analogy and a digital converter, and a microprocessor. The respiratory measurement unit mainly takes signals that change when breathing. After the signal is amplified by the preamplifier and the sensitivity is adjusted appropriately, it is sent to the unit to convert the signal into digital data and further sent to the microprocessor operation and the central control judgment. When the detected or sensed respiratory rate signal drops ^ ^ 11 M334702 Use alcohol to wipe the surface of the sensor for disinfection. Adjust the non-contact monitoring system, including adjusting the sensitivity of the sensor and _ detecting the end in position to measure the respiratory frequency data. Apply a surface electrode to measure the myoelectric signal of the muscle at the chest cavity. At the same time, the number of call frequency of the non-contact monitoring system and the contact monitoring system is recorded to each other. The system implementation and function system of this creation is mainly divided into two parts: the signal responsible for breathing, the hardware end of the signal conversion, and the software end of the respiratory signal receiving and analyzing. 2_1_1 hardware monitoring part: The system is mainly divided into three parts: sensors responsible for respiratory frequency signal detection, data quantization and digital signal processing, personal computer data acquisition and alarm devices, and the following signals are amplified and adjusted. The basic circuit description of the 89C51 single chip is as follows. (1) Signal amplification and adjustment The baby's breathing is short and short to improve detection sensitivity. In addition to • Using the LM324's 1C enhanced signal amplification and filtering, you must also add a sensitivity adjustment to ensure that it is used in different infants. (2) 89C51 single-wafer basic circuit 89C51 single-chip basic circuit design, supply single-chip + 5V working voltage 'Connected to 12MHz quartz oscillator as clock circuit design. P(^rS232 must be converted to a single chip by MAX232 (or its compatible single-chip) potential to be connected to the serial port of 89C51, and the transmission data is correct. The vcc voltage flows through the LED lamp to turn it on, otherwise, When p〇RT〇 pin output