M329292 八'新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關於一種電流源共振式零電流推挽式直 流/直流轉換器，尤其是指一種可令一次側開關電路於零 電流零電壓時切換的推挽式〔Push-Pull〕轉換器，此技 術係可運用於電力電子技術領域之DC-DC轉換器、電源供 應器、不斷電系統等為首先創新運用者。 【先前技術】 按，對在線式不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕來說，一般總 共有在線式〔ON-LINE〕、離線式〔OFF-LINE〕、線上互動 式〔LINE INTERACTIVE〕三大類；所謂在線式是指當台電 正常供電時，電流分為兩個進行方向同時動作，一方面經 由充電迴路對電池充電，另一方面則是經過變流器的轉換 功此’提供電力給機械設備使用；此時，若台電供電發生 異常，則變流器的輸入則改由電池組來供應，變流器持續 提供電力沒有中斷。 而離線式不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕是指當台電正常供 電時，電力經過不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕過濾雜訊後，^ 接供應電力給設備使用，在此另外有一組迴路在對電池组 ^行充電，而變流器此時並不動作；此時，^電供應的 2屋不穩定時，輸出電壓因為沒有經過整流器，所以會和 t電供應的電壓-樣不穩定；必須等到電力突然發生異常 =不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕才㈣換到變流器，由變流 益知供穩定的電力給設備使用。 而線上互動式不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕原理與離線式 M329292 相去不遠，最大的特色在於電池充電器與變流器共用一個 電力轉換器，這個電力轉換器除了平時對電池二 快速充電外，一旦停電，電力轉換器便會自動取代變流 器，將電池能量釋放出來供設備使用。由於線上互動式不 斷電供電系統〔UPS〕架構特性介於在線式與離線式不斷 電供電糸統〔UPS〕之間，較適合小型企業或是網站祠服 器使用。 受單一電池的電壓值的限制，在不斷電供電系統〔UPS 〕系統中電池組一般是採用串聯的供電模式，為了提高系 統的可靠性’及產品的小型輕量化，所串接的電池數一般 都較少，導致電池輸出電壓偏低·，與半橋及全橋的架構轉 換器相比，推挽式〔Push-Pull〕具有較低的開關損失， 因而常被使用在一些中小功率的不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕 系統中。 為了提高不斷電供電系統〔UPS〕系統的工作效率及 產品的體積輕量化，提高工作頻率是必需的。但相對的導 通損耗也會相對的上升，所以相對的要提升工作頻率祖對 的也必須降低開關的切換損耗；基於上述的各種原因，對 現有切換技術的研究變得十分的重要。 而現有技術中實現推挽式〔Push-Pu 11〕DC/DC轉換器 軟開關的方法，有下列幾種方式： (1)零電壓導通推挽式〔Push-Pull〕轉換器 請參閱第一圖中a和&是做為同步整流，以降低導 通損耗。當My和从^均截止時，電容將與變壓器巧的 激磁電感諧振，而將開關的電容放電（假設在這 之前mp1剛截止），建立一個可以讓μρ2零電壓導通的機:。 Κ Ιώβ 6 M329292 會。 (2) ZVS LCL-Resonant 推挽式〔Push-Pull〕轉換器 請參閱第二圖所示，為ZVS LCL-Resonant推挽式 〔Push-Pull〕轉換器，主要是利用變壓器之漏感量中 的h和外加諧振元件CL來產生共振，可以使得主開關 元件能達到ZVS切換的功能，並且諧振電容具有抑制 整流一極體的效果。但是這種推挽式〔Push-Pul 1〕轉 換器雖然能達到主開關元件的ZVS導通，但是它對於 工作週期的多募要求比較嚴格，需要工作週期大的開 迴路的定頻控制；且共振的頻率必須要為兩倍的切換 頻率。如果在共振電容c值選定太大時，雖然抑制整流 二極體的效果會更好，但會導致在共振電流的漣波相 對的增大；若i值較大會有相反的效果；除此之外，諧 振的β值決定也相當的重要，否則即使開關的切換損失 減小’但導通的損失卻變大，並且諧振電流直接流經 過負載，因此輸出電壓的漣波會比較難控制。 (3) ZVCS LC-Resonant 推挽式〔Push-Pull〕轉換器 請參閱第三圖所示，為ZVCS LC-Resonant推挽式 〔Push-Pull〕轉換器，主要是利用變壓器之漏感圖中 的i和外加諧振元件C來產生共振，可以使得主開關元 件能達到ZVS和ZCS切換的功能；其中此電路的開關 工作週期大概比0.5還小，並且LC諧振電路的品質因 素Q要夠低才可以使共振電流工作在不連續模式。 緣是，本創作人有鑑於此，秉持多年對研發轉換器技 術的豐富專業設計製造及實際研究開發之經驗，充分的研 究各種的現有切換技術基礎下，提出了一種電流源共振式 M329292 零電流推挽式〔Push-Pul 1〕直流/直流轉換器的創作 要是利用變壓器的漏電感來達到電路的共振因為實^主 挽式〔Push_Pull〕轉換器一次侧電路零電流零電壓^推 換方法，降低了電路中開關的損耗，有助於整體系統上切 效率提高以期完全改善現有之所有缺失者。的 【新型内容】 爰是，本創作係有關於一種電流源共振式零電流推挽 式直流/直流轉換器，其包含有一具有中心抽頭之一次侧 繞組及二次侧繞組的變壓器、一開關驅動電路單元、一共 振電路單元及一整流電路單元’其中主要特徵在於，該變 壓器中一次侧電路之開關元件可於零電流作切換’使其具 有漣波小且平穩的直流輸入電流’另外’開關驅動、共振 及整流電路單元均在導通與截止時皆操作於零電流狀 態；藉此，以適用在低輸入至高輸出電壓之直流/直流轉換 器、不斷電系統與電源供應器等無需直流輸出調整之場合 者。 【實施方式】 為令本創作所運用之技術内容、創作目的及其達成之 功效有更完整且清楚的揭露，茲於下詳細說明之，並請一 併參閱所揭之圖式及圖號： 首先，請參閱第四圖所示，係為本創作電流源共振式 零電流推挽式直流/直流轉換器之電路示意圖，其包含有： 一變壓器（1)，該變壓器（1)具有中心抽頭之一次側繞 組及一二次侧繞組； 一負載裝置（2)，連接於變壓器（1)之二次側繞組的一 M329292 一諧振裝置（3)，具設有相對應之諧振漏感元件（31) 及電容元件（32)，其諧振漏感元件（31)相對應連接於變壓 器（1) 一次侧繞組之第一端與第二端； 一第一主開關元件(4)，其一端接設於變壓器（1)一次 侧繞組之第一端所接之諧振漏感元件（31)，而另一端則接 地； 一第二主開關元件（5)，其一端接設於變壓器（1)一次 側繞組之第二端所接之諧振漏感元件（31)，而另一端接 地； 及 一整流二極體單元（6)，與該變壓器（1)二次側繞組連 接； 主要是將該變壓器（1)提供一交流電源整流成一直流 電源，其此電路的主要特徵在於，使得該一次侧電路之第 一、第二主開關元件（4)、（5)於零電流的狀態下切換。 根據上述其中該第一、第二主開關元件（4)、（5)進一 步地分別包含了寄生元件〔寄生電容〕與一反向二極體； 而其變壓器（1)之一次侧為一具有中心抽頭之繞組，並且 其匝數相同。接續，該整流二極體單元（6)，為一全橋二 極體整流電路所組成；藉此，利用一次侧諧振電流來實現 推挽式轉換器之一次侧電路零電流切換。 請參閱第四圖所示，為電流源共振式零電流推挽式直 流/直流轉換器主電路架構，其中寄生電容q、c,2、/^、 巧2是第一、第二主開關元件（4)、（5)中的寄生元件；而諧 振裝置（3)中之諧振漏感元件（31)表示為，而電 容元件（32)表示為Cr，其諧振漏感元件（31)ζ_、心@2要 又· M329292 求具有一定的數值。並且為了減少元件的使用數量，只需 要將變壓器（1)一、二次侧之間的漏感設計適當即可以減 少磁性元件的使用數量。 請一併參閱第五圖所示，為零電流切換的工作時序 圖，圖中所示的各項物理代表量所代表的含意和參考方 向。在一個切換週期内電路可分為四個工作狀態，其中後 二個與前二個狀態完成的對稱。於此僅就前二個狀態做簡 單的分析： 狀態一 l/oyq] ·· 當〜，0時主開關a的寄生電容G的電壓已經完全的釋 放完畢，直到時開關a導通在零電壓的情況下，同時開 關&的寄生電容k電壓此時已經充電到vp2+vr ;此時電流/,·„ 會持續的對諧振電容&充電，同時電流經過變壓器一次侧 的漏電感&而形成一個並聯ZC諧振迴路，使電流形成一正 弦波使得主開關可以在零電壓及零電流的狀態下導通及 截止，同時輸出整流二極體d2-d3在電流到零時截止，故二 極體可以被操作於零電流切換。在此狀態下由於一⑹〜^， 因激磁電流/wl之值很小所以在此狀態可以忽略激磁電流 狀態二[μ/<，2]: 當時間共振電路結束工作，電路上僅剩下激磁電 流的情況下，此時開關a截止但&尚未導通，開關&的寄 生電容電壓為a的寄生電容心電壓為零，在此狀 態的激磁電流因受變壓器磁通彡平衡的關係，所以激磁電 流。與心會各佔一半，同一時間激磁電流/wl會開始對寄生 電容g充電，並且寄生電容^2也開始的放電。寄生電容C52 10 M329292 持續放電到F&2 =G時’激磁電流k流經％，電壓等於 此時寄生電容CS1會一直充電到秘i=2Vcr(〇。 }M329292 八's new description: [New technical field] This is a current source resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter, especially when the primary side switching circuit is at zero current and zero voltage. Switched push-pull converter, which is the first innovative user to be applied to DC-DC converters, power supplies, and uninterruptible power systems in the field of power electronics. [Prior Art] According to the online UPS, there are generally three types of ON-LINE, OFF-LINE, and LINE INTERACTIVE. The online type means that when the power is normally supplied, the current is divided into two directions for simultaneous operation. On the one hand, the battery is charged via the charging circuit, and on the other hand, the conversion function of the converter is used to provide power to the mechanical device; At this time, if an abnormality occurs in the power supply of the station, the input of the converter is supplied by the battery pack, and the converter continues to provide power without interruption. The offline continuous power supply system (UPS) means that when the power is normally supplied by the power station, the power is filtered by the uninterruptible power supply system (UPS), and then the power is supplied to the device, and another set of circuits is in the pair. The battery pack is charged, and the converter does not operate at this time; at this time, when the 2 houses of the power supply are unstable, the output voltage is unstable due to the voltage supplied by the t power supply because it does not pass through the rectifier; Wait until the power suddenly occurs abnormally = the power supply system (UPS) is switched to the converter, and the variable current is used to supply the stable power to the equipment. The principle of the online interactive UPS system is not far from the offline M329292. The biggest feature is that the battery charger and the converter share a power converter. This power converter not only charges the battery 2 quickly. Once the power is cut off, the power converter will automatically replace the converter to release the battery energy for use by the device. Because the online interactive uninterruptible power supply system (UPS) architecture is between the online and offline UPS, it is suitable for small businesses or website servers. Limited by the voltage value of a single battery, in the continuous power supply system (UPS) system, the battery pack is generally connected in series, in order to improve the reliability of the system' and the size and weight of the product, the number of batteries connected in series Generally, the battery output voltage is low. Compared with half-bridge and full-bridge architecture converters, Push-Pull has low switching loss, so it is often used in some small and medium power. In the continuous power supply system (UPS) system. In order to improve the working efficiency of the UPS system and the light weight of the product, it is necessary to increase the operating frequency. However, the relative conduction loss will also increase relatively. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the switching loss of the switch in order to increase the working frequency ancestor. For the above various reasons, the research on the existing switching technology becomes very important. In the prior art, a method for implementing a push-pull (Push-Pu 11) DC/DC converter soft switch has the following methods: (1) A zero-voltage push-pull push-pull converter (see the first) In the figure, a and & are used as synchronous rectification to reduce conduction loss. When both My and Slave are turned off, the capacitor will resonate with the smart inductor of the transformer, and discharge the capacitor of the switch (assuming mp1 has just turned off before this), creating a machine that can turn μρ2 to zero voltage: Κ Ιώβ 6 M329292 will. (2) ZVS LCL-Resonant push-pull converter (Push-Pull) converter, please refer to the second figure, is the ZVS LCL-Resonant push-pull (Push-Pull) converter, mainly using the leakage inductance of the transformer The h and the additional resonant element CL are used to generate resonance, so that the main switching element can achieve the function of ZVS switching, and the resonant capacitor has the effect of suppressing the rectifying one body. However, although the Push-Pul 1 converter can achieve the ZVS conduction of the main switching element, it requires strict scheduling for the duty cycle, and requires a fixed-frequency control of the open circuit with a large duty cycle; The frequency must be twice the switching frequency. If the value of the resonant capacitor c is too large, although the effect of suppressing the rectifying diode is better, it will cause a relative increase in the chopping current of the resonant current; if the value of i is large, the opposite effect will occur; In addition, the β value of the resonance is also quite important. Otherwise, even if the switching loss of the switch is reduced, the loss of conduction becomes large, and the resonant current flows directly through the load, so the chopping of the output voltage is more difficult to control. (3) ZVCS LC-Resonant Push-Pull converter, please refer to the third figure, which is ZVCS LC-Resonant push-pull converter, mainly using the leakage inductance diagram of the transformer. The i and the external resonant element C are used to generate resonance, so that the main switching element can achieve the functions of ZVS and ZCS switching; wherein the switching period of the circuit is about less than 0.5, and the quality factor Q of the LC resonant circuit is low enough. The resonant current can be operated in a discontinuous mode. The reason is that this creator has made a kind of current source resonance type M329292 zero current based on the rich experience of professional design, manufacturing and practical research and development of research and development of converter technology for many years, based on the full study of various existing switching technologies. The push-pull (Push-Pul 1) DC/DC converter is created by using the leakage inductance of the transformer to achieve the resonance of the circuit. Because the main-push-Pull converter has a zero-current zero-voltage method for the primary side circuit, The loss of the switch in the circuit is reduced, which helps the overall system to improve the cutting efficiency in order to completely improve all the existing missing. [New content] The author is a current source resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter that includes a transformer with a center tap and a secondary winding, a switch drive. The main feature of the circuit unit, a resonant circuit unit and a rectifier circuit unit is that the switching element of the primary side circuit of the transformer can be switched at zero current to make it have a small and smooth DC input current 'other' switch The drive, resonance, and rectifier circuit units operate in a zero current state both on and off; thereby eliminating the need for DC output for DC/DC converters, uninterruptible power systems, and power supplies with low input to high output voltage. Adjust the occasion. [Embodiment] In order to make the technical content, creative purpose and the effect achieved by this creation more complete and clear, please elaborate below, and please refer to the drawings and drawings: First, please refer to the fourth figure, which is a circuit diagram of the current source resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter, which comprises: a transformer (1) having a center tap a primary winding and a secondary winding; a load device (2), a M329292-resonant device (3) connected to the secondary winding of the transformer (1), having a corresponding resonant leakage sensing element ( 31) and the capacitive element (32), the resonant leakage sensing element (31) is correspondingly connected to the first end and the second end of the primary winding of the transformer (1); a first main switching element (4), one end of which is connected The resonant leakage element (31) is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the transformer (1), and the other end is grounded; and a second main switching element (5) is connected to the transformer (1) once. Resonant leakage inductance component connected to the second end of the side winding (31 And the other end is grounded; and a rectifying diode unit (6) is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer (1); mainly, the transformer (1) is supplied with an alternating current power source to be rectified into a direct current power source, and the circuit The main feature is that the first and second main switching elements (4), (5) of the primary side circuit are switched in a state of zero current. According to the above, the first and second main switching elements (4), (5) further comprise a parasitic element [parasitic capacitance] and a reverse diode respectively; and the primary side of the transformer (1) has one The winding of the center tap, and its number of turns is the same. In succession, the rectifying diode unit (6) is composed of a full-bridge diode rectifying circuit; thereby, the primary side resonant current is used to realize the zero-current switching of the primary side circuit of the push-pull converter. Please refer to the fourth figure, which is the main circuit structure of the current source resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter, in which the parasitic capacitances q, c, 2, /^, Qiao 2 are the first and second main switching elements. (4), parasitic elements in (5); and the resonant leakage sensing element (31) in the resonant device (3) is represented as, and the capacitive element (32) is represented as Cr, and its resonant leakage sensing element (31) ζ _, Heart @2要又· M329292 Find a certain value. In order to reduce the number of components used, it is only necessary to properly design the leakage inductance between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer (1) to reduce the number of magnetic components used. Please refer to the working sequence diagram of the zero current switching as shown in the fifth figure. The meanings and reference directions represented by the physical representative quantities shown in the figure. The circuit can be divided into four operating states during a switching cycle, with the last two being symmetric with the first two states. Here, only the first two states are simply analyzed: state one l/oyq] ·· When ~, 0, the voltage of the parasitic capacitance G of the main switch a has been completely released, until the switch a is turned on at zero voltage In this case, the parasitic capacitance k voltage of the switch & at this time has been charged to vp2+vr; at this time, the current /, · „ will continue to charge the resonant capacitor & while the current passes through the leakage inductance & Forming a parallel ZC resonant circuit, so that the current forms a sine wave so that the main switch can be turned on and off in the state of zero voltage and zero current, and the output rectifying diode d2-d3 is turned off when the current reaches zero, so the diode It can be operated at zero current switching. In this state, since one (6)~^, the value of the excitation current /wl is small, the excitation current state can be ignored in this state [μ/<, 2]: when the time resonance circuit At the end of the work, when only the excitation current remains on the circuit, the switch a is turned off but the & is not turned on yet, and the parasitic capacitance voltage of the switch & parasitic capacitance voltage is a, and the excitation current in this state is affected by Transformer The magnetic flux 彡 balance relationship, so the excitation current and the heart will be half of each other. At the same time, the excitation current /wl will start to charge the parasitic capacitance g, and the parasitic capacitance ^2 will also begin to discharge. Parasitic capacitance C52 10 M329292 Continuous discharge When F&2 = G, the excitation current k flows through %, and the voltage is equal to the parasitic capacitance CS1 will be charged until the secret i=2Vcr (〇. }
由於激磁電流的大小會與變壓器自感的大小和切換 頻率有關係，且開關&的寄生電容Csz電壓放電的時間長短 會和激磁電流的大小有關，故此狀態的時間長短與二二 的自感量和切換頻率有關。 W 狀態三[V叫]、狀態四[ί3。<ί4]之操作模式分別如 態一、狀態二，所以在此不再另外做詳細的說明。 以上的工作過程是電路工作在重载的情況底 續參«六圖所示’為本__零電流切換= 圖’可以由圖㈣顯的看出兩個關皆操作在 換狀態。及參閱第七圖騎，為本_ 机的刀 率曲線圖輕易的看出本架構的平均效 ：。以從效 前述之實施例或圖式並非限定本創、在^93%左右。 尺寸，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知之結構樣態或 修飾:皆應視為不脫離本創作之專利範痛者之適當變化或 綜上所述，本創作實_確能達可。 中，亦未曾公開於中請前，誠已完全符2諸於同_產； 要求’爰依法提出新型專利之中請:專利法之辩二 准專利，則實感德便。 …明惠予審查， 效’又其所揭露之具體構造，不僅未之使 中，亦未曾公開於申誥箭，# β ^ χ .胃見諸柃向〜 g M329292 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：現有零電壓導通推挽式（Push-Pull)轉換器 第二圖：現有 ZVS LCL-Resonant 推挽式（Push-Pull) 轉換器 第三圖：現有 ZVCSLC-Resonant 推挽式（Push-Pull) 轉換器 第四圖：本創作電流源共振式零電流推挽式直流/直 流轉換器主電路架構 | 第五圖：本創作零電流共振式零電流推挽式直流/直 流轉換器切換的工作時序圖 第六圖：本創作零電流共振式零電流推挽式直流/直 流轉換器開關零電流切換實驗圖 第七圖··本創作零電流共振式零電流推挽式直流/直 【主要元件符 (1) 流轉換器效率圖 號說明】 變壓器 (2) 負載裝置 (3) (32) (5) 諧振裝置 (31) 譜振漏感元件 電容元件 (4) 第一主開關元件 第二主開關元件 (6) 整流二極體單元Since the magnitude of the excitation current is related to the self-inductance of the transformer and the switching frequency, and the parasitic capacitance of the switch & Csz voltage discharge time is related to the magnitude of the excitation current, the length of time and the self-inductance of the two The amount is related to the switching frequency. W state three [V called], state four [ί3. The operation modes of <ί4] are as follows: state one, state two, so no further detailed description will be given here. The above work process is that the circuit works in the case of heavy load. The continuation of the reference shown in the six charts is __zero current switching = Fig. ' can be seen from the figure (4). And referring to the seventh figure, the average efficiency of the architecture can be easily seen from the tool rate curve of the machine. It is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment or the drawings, and is about 93%. Dimensions, any of the commonly known structural forms or modifications in the art: should be considered as appropriate variations of the patents of this creation, or in summary, the creations are indeed achievable. In the middle, it has not been disclosed before the middle of the invitation, Cheng has completely complied with the two _ production; the request 爰 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 。 。 。 。 。 。 ...Ming Hui to review, the effect of the concrete structure revealed by it, not only has not been made, nor has it been disclosed in Shen Yujian, #β^ χ. Stomach sees all directions ~ g M329292 [Simple description] First Figure: Existing zero-voltage push-pull (Push-Pull) converter Figure 2: Existing ZVS LCL-Resonant push-pull converter (Push-Pull) converter Figure 3: Existing ZVCSLC-Resonant push-pull (Push-Pull The fourth diagram of the converter: the main circuit structure of the current source resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter | The fifth picture: the work of the zero current resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter Timing diagram sixth figure: The original zero-current resonant zero-current push-pull DC/DC converter switch zero current switching experiment diagram seventh diagram··This creation zero-current resonance zero-current push-pull DC/straight [main components (1) Flow converter efficiency diagram description] Transformer (2) Load device (3) (32) (5) Resonant device (31) Spectral leakage inductance component Capacitance component (4) First main switching component second main Switching element (6) rectifier diode unit
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