TWI849310B - 用於腫瘤微環境免疫調節作用之組蛋白去乙醯化酶抑制劑 - Google Patents
用於腫瘤微環境免疫調節作用之組蛋白去乙醯化酶抑制劑 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本發明大體上係關於I類HDAC抑制劑之化合物、其生產及應用。該等化合物在腫瘤微環境(TME)中具有表觀遺傳免疫調節活性,且因此抑制腫瘤細胞生長。
Description
本發明大體上係關於I類HDAC抑制劑之化合物、其生產及應用。特定言之,該等化合物在腫瘤微環境(TME)中具有表觀遺傳免疫調節活性,且因此抑制腫瘤細胞生長。
免疫療法已成為用於治療若干晚期癌症之標準照護療法。免疫療法之突破為免疫檢查點抑制劑(ICI)之開發及臨床應用,諸如抗PD-1/抗PD-L1/抗CTLA-4抗體。然而,ICI可引起免疫相關不良事件,且更重要的是,僅一小部分患者獲得治療益處(反應率低)。動態及複雜腫瘤微環境(TME)為決定針對腫瘤之免疫反應的關鍵因素。TME之組成包括癌細胞及許多與正常組織細胞交織之不同免疫細胞。許多生長因子、細胞介素及趨化介素係由TME中之不同細胞分泌。
CTL(細胞毒性T淋巴細胞)為適應性免疫之主要免疫細胞,專門用於直接殺傷癌細胞。CTL易受浸潤至TME中之多種免疫抑制細胞影響,從而導致CTL不活化。眾所周知的免疫抑制細胞包括Treg (調節性T細胞)、M-MDSC (單核骨髓源性抑制細胞)、PMN-MDSC (多形核骨髓源性抑制細胞)及TAM (腫瘤相關巨噬細胞)。此等免疫抑制細胞有助於抑制由CTL介導之殺傷癌細胞的細胞毒性作用。此等免疫抑制細胞執行不同的機制,導致CTL之功能障礙。
儘管已證明ICI療法有效增加免疫活化以根除癌症,但此等療法仍面臨原發性及獲得性抗藥性之未解決問題。驅動對此等免疫療法之原發性及獲得性抗性的內在因素包括遺傳及表觀遺傳機制,其經由諸如免疫編輯之方法,往往引起MHC I下調或抗原表現損失,從而導致抗原呈現之總體損失。因此,需要開發在TME中具有免疫調節活性之化合物,以藉由上調抗原加工及呈現機制刺激抗腫瘤免疫。
簡言之,本發明之實施例提供I類HDAC抑制劑化合物,包括其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥,其能夠在TME中進行表觀遺傳免疫調節。亦提供使用此類化合物治療各種疾病或病況(諸如癌症)之方法。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供一種式(I)化合物:
其中W及Y各自獨立地選自CH及N;
R1
獨立地選自氫、鹵素、C1
-C3
烷基及鹵化C1
-C3
烷基,且可為單取代、二取代、三取代或四取代;
C1
及C2
為藉由單鍵或雙鍵連接之C原子;
Ar係選自由以下組成之群: ,其中Ar經由實線連接至C2
;
R2
具有與關於R1
所述相同之含義;且
R3
為氫或C1
-C3
烷基;
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥。
在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為6-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)吡啶-3-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-01命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-02命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為4-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)苯甲醯胺,以GNTbm-03命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-((E
)-4-(吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-04命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-((E
)-4-(吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-05命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-06命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-(4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-08命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-((E
)-4-(吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-11命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-12命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-(4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-19命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為5-(4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-2-甲醯胺,以GNTbm-25命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為4-((E
)-4-(吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)苯甲醯胺,以GNTbm-33命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為4-(4-(吡啶-3-基)丁醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)苯甲醯胺,以GNTbm-37命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為4-((E
)-4-(吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基苯基)苯甲醯胺,以GNTbm-38命名。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為4-((E
)-4-(吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)苯甲醯胺,以GNTbm-39命名。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供包含本文所述之化合物的醫藥組合物或組合。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供一種用於TME之表觀遺傳免疫調節及/或癌症治療之方法,該方法包含向有需要之個體投與有效量之醫藥組合物或組合,其包含式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥中之任一者或多者。
在一些實施例中,該方法用於誘導腫瘤細胞之細胞週期停滯、誘導腫瘤細胞之凋亡、誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化、誘導免疫記憶、活化CTL、減少免疫抑制細胞。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供有效量之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥或醫藥組合物或組合在製造用於TME之表觀遺傳免疫調節及/或治療有需要之個體之癌症的藥物中的用途。
在一些實施例中,該藥物用於誘導腫瘤細胞之細胞週期停滯、誘導腫瘤細胞之凋亡、誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化、誘導免疫記憶、活化CTL、減少免疫抑制細胞。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供一種治療或預防個體之與I類HDAC相關之疾病的方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與有效量之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥或醫藥組合物或組合。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供有效量之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥或醫藥組合物或組合在製造用於治療或預防有需要之個體之與I類HDAC相關之疾病的藥物中之用途。
定義
除非另外定義,否則本文所用之所有技術及科學術語具有與本發明所屬領域之一般熟習此項技術者通常所理解相同之含義,在上下文中應用該等術語描述本發明。本說明書中使用的術語僅用於描述特定實施例,且並不意欲限制本發明。
在提供值範圍之情況下,應理解除非上下文明確指出(諸如在含有多個碳原子之基團的情況下,在此情況下提供屬於該範圍之各碳原子數),否則各中間值,以下限的十分之一為單位,介於該範圍之上限與下限之間,且該規定範圍內之任何其他規定或中間值均涵蓋於本發明內。此等較小範圍之上限及下限可獨立地包括於較小範圍內且亦涵蓋於本發明內,受規定範圍內之任何具體排除的限制。當規定範圍包括限值中之一者或兩者時,排除彼等所包括之限值中之一者或兩者的範圍亦包括於本發明中。
除非上下文另外明確指示,否則如本文及隨附申請專利範圍中所用之冠詞「一(a/an)」用以指一個或多於一個(亦即至少一個)文法冠詞對象。舉例而言,「要素」意謂一個要素或多於一個要素。
如本文在說明書及申請專利範圍中所用之片語「及/或」應理解為意謂如此結合之要素(亦即,在一些情況下結合存在且在其他情況下分離存在之要素)中之「任一者或兩者」。用「及/或」列出之多個要素應以相同方式解釋,亦即「一或多個」如此結合之要素。除由「及/或」條款具體識別之要素外,可視情況存在其他要素,無論與具體識別之彼等要素相關抑或不相關。
如本文所用,術語「鹵基」及「鹵素」係指選自氟、氯、溴及碘之原子。
術語「烷基」係指僅由碳原子及氫原子組成,不含不飽和度,具有一至十五個碳原子(例如C1
-C15
烷基)之直鏈或分支鏈烴鏈基團。在某些實施例中,烷基包含一至十三個碳原子(例如C1
-C13
烷基)。在某些實施例中,烷基包含一至八個碳原子(例如C1
-C8
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含一至五個碳原子(例如C1
-C5
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含一至四個碳原子(例如C1
-C4
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含一至三個碳原子(例如C1
-C3
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含一至兩個碳原子(例如C1
-C2
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含一個碳原子(例如C1
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含五至十五個碳原子(例如C5
-C15
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含五至八個碳原子(例如C5
-C8
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含二至五個碳原子(例如C2
-C5
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基包含三至五個碳原子(例如C3
-C5
烷基)。在其他實施例中,烷基係選自甲基、乙基、1-丙基(正丙基)、1-甲基乙基(異丙基)、1-丁基(正丁基)、1-甲基丙基(二級丁基)、2-甲基丙基(異丁基)、1,1-二甲基乙基(三級丁基)、1-戊基(正戊基)。烷基藉由單鍵連接至分子之其餘部分。除非本說明書中另有特定說明,否則烷基視情況經一或多個取代基取代。如本文所用,術語「烯基」表示衍生自烴部分之單價基團,在某些實施例中,該烴部分含有二至六個或二至八個碳原子,具有至少一個碳-碳雙鍵。雙鍵可為或可不為與另一基團之連接點。烯基包括但不限於例如乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯-1-基、庚烯基、辛烯基及其類似基團。
術語「烷氧基」係指式-O-烷基之經由氧原子鍵結之基團,其中烷基為如上文所定義之烷基鏈。
術語「烯基」係指僅由碳原子及氫原子組成,含有至少一個碳-碳雙鍵且具有二至十二個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烴鏈基團。在某些實施例中,烯基包含二至八個碳原子。在其他實施例中,烯基包含二至四個碳原子。烯基藉由單鍵連接至分子之其餘部分,例如乙烯基(ethenyl)(亦即乙烯基(vinyl))、丙-1-烯基(亦即烯丙基)、丁-1-烯基、戊-1-烯基、戊-1,4-二烯基及其類似基團。除非本說明書中另有特定說明,否則烯基視情況經一或多個取代基取代。
如本文所用,術語「環烷基」表示衍生自單環或多環飽和或部分不飽和碳環化合物之單價基團。C3
-C8
環烷基之實例包括但不限於環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環戊基及環辛基。
如本文所用,術語「芳基」係指具有一或多個稠合或非稠合芳環之單環或多環碳環系統,包括但不限於苯基、萘基、四氫萘基、二氫茚基、茚基及其類似基團。
如本文所用,術語「雜芳基」係指具有至少一個芳環之單環或多環(例如雙環或三環或更多)稠合或非稠合基團或環系統,其具有五至十個環原子,其中一個環原子係選自S、O及N;零、一或兩個環原子為獨立地選自S、O及N之額外雜原子;且其餘環原子為碳。雜芳基包括但不限於吡啶基、吡𠯤基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、㗁唑基、異㗁唑基、噻二唑基、㗁二唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、苯并㗁唑基、喹喏啉基及其類似基團。
如本文所用,術語「雜環烷基」係指非芳族3、4、5、6或7員環或雙環或三環基團稠合或非稠合系統,其中(i)至少一個環含有一至三個獨立地選自氧、硫及氮之雜原子,(ii)各5員環具有0至1個雙鍵且各6員環具有0至2個雙鍵,(iii)氮及硫雜原子可視情況經氧化,(iv)氮雜原子可視情況經四級銨化,及(iv)上述環中之任一者可與苯環稠合。代表性雜環烷基包括但不限於[1,3]二氧雜環戊烷、吡咯啶基、吡唑啉基、吡唑啶基、咪唑啉基、咪唑啶基、哌啶基、哌𠯤基、㗁唑啶基、異㗁唑啶基、嗎啉基、噻唑啶基、異噻唑啶基及四氫呋喃基。
術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指由醫藥學上可接受之無毒鹼或酸(包括無機或有機鹼及無機或有機酸)製備之鹽。術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」內所涵蓋之鹼性化合物之鹽係指本發明化合物之無毒鹽,其一般藉由使游離鹼與適合有機或無機酸反應來製備。本發明之鹼性化合物的代表性鹽包括但不限於以下:乙酸鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、己二酸鹽、海藻酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、硫酸氫鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、硼酸鹽、溴化物、丁酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽(camphorsulfonate)、樟腦磺酸鹽(camsylate)、碳酸鹽、氯化物、克拉維酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、環戊烷丙酸鹽、二乙基乙酸鹽、二葡糖酸鹽、二鹽酸鹽、十二烷基磺酸鹽、乙二胺四乙酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽、依託酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽(esylate)、乙磺酸鹽(ethanesulfonate)、甲酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、葡糖庚酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甘油磷酸鹽、乙醇醯胺基苯胂酸鹽、半硫酸鹽、庚酸鹽、己酸鹽、己基間苯二酚酸鹽、海卓胺、氫溴酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、2-羥基乙磺酸鹽、羥基萘甲酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、碘化物、異菸鹼酸鹽、異硫代硫酸鹽、乳酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、甲基硝酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、黏酸鹽、2-萘磺酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、菸鹼酸鹽、硝酸鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(恩波酸鹽)、棕櫚酸鹽、泛酸鹽、果膠酸鹽、過硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽/二磷酸鹽、庚二酸鹽、苯基丙酸鹽、聚半乳糖醛酸鹽、丙酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、硫酸鹽、次乙酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、單寧酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、茶氯酸鹽、硫代氰酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、三乙碘化物、三氟乙酸鹽、十一烷酸鹽、戊酸鹽及其類似鹽。此外,在本發明化合物攜帶酸性部分時,其適合的醫藥學上可接受之鹽包括但不限於衍生自無機鹼之鹽,包括鋁鹽、銨鹽、鈣鹽、銅鹽、三價鐵鹽、二價鐵鹽、鋰鹽、鎂鹽、三價錳鹽、二價錳鹽、鉀鹽、鈉鹽、鋅鹽及其類似鹽。衍生自醫藥學上可接受之有機無毒鹼之鹽包括一級胺、二級胺及三級胺、環胺、二環己基胺及鹼性離子交換樹脂之鹽,諸如精胺酸、甜菜鹼、咖啡鹼、膽鹼、N,N-二苯甲基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙胺基乙醇、2-二甲胺基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙胺、乙二胺、N-乙基嗎啉、N-乙基哌啶、還原葡糖胺、葡糖胺、組胺酸、海卓胺、異丙胺、離胺酸、甲基還原葡糖胺、嗎啉、哌𠯤、哌啶、多元胺樹脂、普魯卡因(procaine)、嘌呤、可可豆鹼、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、緩血酸胺及其類似物之鹽。亦包括可經諸如以下之試劑四級銨化之鹼性含氮基團:低碳烷基鹵化物,諸如甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;二烷基硫酸鹽,如二甲基、二乙基、二丁基及二戊基硫酸鹽;長鏈鹵化物,諸如癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基及硬脂基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;芳烷基鹵化物,如苯甲基及苯乙基溴化物;及其他。
術語「個體」包括活生物體,諸如人類、猴、牛、綿羊、馬、豬、牛、山羊、狗、貓、小鼠、大鼠、培養細胞及其轉殖基因物種。在一較佳實施例中,個體為人類。
術語「投與」包括使本發明之活性成分發揮其預期功能之投與途徑。
術語「治療(treat/treatment)」係指減少疾病或病況之影響的方法。治療亦可指減少疾病或病況本身之潛在病因而非僅減少症狀的方法。治療可為原生水準之任何減少,且可為但不限於疾病、病況或疾病或病況之症狀之完全去除。
術語「預防(prevent/prevention/preventing)」意謂抑制或避免與目標疾病相關之症狀。
片語「治療有效量」係指在適用於任何醫學治療之合理益處/風險比下,有效產生所需治療作用之包含本發明化合物之化合物、材料或組合物之量。
I
類
HDAC
抑制劑化合物
癌症之表觀遺傳療法(諸如組蛋白去乙醯化酶抑制劑)可藉由上調抗原加工及呈現機制來刺激抗腫瘤免疫。表觀遺傳修飾在控制腫瘤之起始及進展中起重要作用。表觀遺傳調節主要經由影響基因表現之兩個主要機制實現:藉由在DNA上添加/移除甲基發生之DNA甲基化/去甲基化,及藉由在DNA包裹之組蛋白蛋白質上酶促添加/移除乙醯基發生之組蛋白乙醯化/去乙醯化。組蛋白去乙醯化酶抑制劑(HDACis)已被認為是用於新藥物開發的有前景的目標。HDAC在癌症中發揮關鍵作用之基本機制係藉由控制組蛋白或非組蛋白蛋白質中之乙醯化程度,該等蛋白質參與調節細胞週期、分化、凋亡、DNA損傷反應、血管生成、轉移及其他細胞過程。
I類HDAC主要位於細胞核中,在人類組織中廣泛表現且對控制細胞增殖、分化及細胞週期進程起重要作用。I類HDAC在某些癌症中高度表現。舉例而言,HDAC1在前列腺癌、胃癌、結腸癌、乳癌、肺癌及食道癌中高度表現;HDAC2在胃、子宮頸及結腸直腸惡性腫瘤中高度表現;HDAC3在結腸癌及乳癌中高度表現。HDAC之不受控表現將引起許多抑制細胞生長之基因沉默,且因此喪失對細胞生長之監測及對細胞分化、細胞週期停滯及凋亡之控制。HDAC過度表現之失調與腫瘤惡性疾病及不良預後顯著相關。許多I類HDAC抑制劑具有表觀遺傳免疫調節特性。
據報導,TME中藉由HDAC抑制劑之免疫調節機制涉及可溶性因子及免疫細胞兩者之組分。經由HDAC抑制劑之表觀遺傳調控,藉由抑制特定HDAC同功異型物來改變各種基因及蛋白質之表現,從而使TME之狀態轉換為有利於殺傷癌細胞之模式作為結果。自先前公開之研究證實,一些HDAC抑制劑具有免疫調節特性,其將控制細胞介素/趨化介素之分泌、抗原呈現細胞、減少Treg之數目或功能且觸發NK細胞之活化。其他研究顯示將增強癌症抗原表現且調節如MDSC之免疫抑制細胞活性的機制。選擇性I類HDAC抑制劑可增加癌細胞上PD-L1及MHC I之表現。此外,I類HDAC抑制劑下調浸潤腫瘤微環境之骨髓源性抑制細胞(MDSC)。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供一種式(I)化合物:
其中W及Y各自獨立地選自CH及N;
R1
各自獨立地選自氫、鹵素、C1
-C3
烷基及鹵化C1
-C3
烷基,且可為單取代、二取代、三取代或四取代;
C1
及C2
為藉由單鍵或雙鍵連接之C原子;
Ar係選自由以下組成之群: ,其中Ar經由實線連接至C2
;
R2
具有與關於R1
所述相同之含義;且
R3
為氫或C1
-C3
烷基;
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥。
在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物具有下式(Ia):,
其中W、Y、R1
、C1
、C2
及Ar具有與所述相同之含義;或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥。
在一個實施例中,Ar係選自六員環。在一個實施例中,R2
及Ar連接至C2
之原子處於對位。
在一個實施例中,Ar係選自由以下組成之群:。
在一個實施例中,W及Y係選自以下組合:(1) W為N且Y為CH,(2) W為CH且Y為N,及(3) W及Y為CH。在較佳實施例中,W為N或CH且Y為CH。
在一個實施例中,R1
為F或氟化C1
-C3
烷基。在一個實施例中,氟化C1
-C3
烷基為CF3
。
在一個實施例中,R1
為氫。
在一個實施例中,C1
及C2
為藉由雙鍵連接之C原子。在另一個實施例中,C1
及C2
為藉由單鍵連接之C原子。
在一個實施例中,R2
為C1
-C3
烷基或氟化C1
-C3
烷基。在一個實施例中,C1
-C3
烷基為CH3
。在一個實施例中,氟化C1
-C3
烷基為CF3
。
在一個實施例中,R2
為氫。
在一個實施例中,Ar為,R2
及Ar連接至C2
之原子處於對位,且C1
及C2
為藉由雙鍵連接之C原子。
在一個實施例中,Ar為,R2
及Ar連接至C2
之原子處於對位,且R1
為氫或F。
在一個實施例中,Ar為,R2
及Ar連接至C2
之原子處於對位,且R2
為氫或CH3
。
在一個實施例中,R1
為氫或F,且R2
為氫或CH3
。
在一個實施例中,R1
為氫或F,R2
為氫或CH3
,且C1
及C2
為藉由雙鍵連接之C原子。
在一個實施例中,Ar為,R2
及Ar連接至C2
之原子處於對位,R1
為氫或F,R2
為氫或CH3
,且C1
及C2
為藉由雙鍵連接之C原子。
在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物可為以下化合物:
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥。
本發明涵蓋式(I)化合物之所有立體異構形式。存在於式(I)化合物中之不對稱性中心可全部彼此獨立地具有(R)組態或(S)組態。當連至手性碳之鍵在本發明之結構式中描繪為直線時,應理解,(R)及(S)均為手性碳之組態,且因此對映異構體及其混合物均涵蓋在該等式內。當描繪特定組態時,意指該對映異構體((R)或(S),在該中心))。類似地,當列舉化合物名稱而無手性碳之手性名稱時,應理解,(R)及(S)均為手性碳之組態,且因此個別對映異構體及其混合物涵蓋於該名稱內。
本發明包括所有可能的對映異構體、區位異構體及非對映異構體以及兩種或更多種立體異構體之所有比率之混合物,例如對映異構體及/或非對映異構體之混合物。因此,對映異構體為本發明之主題,其呈左旋及右旋對映體之對映異構性純形式,呈外消旋體形式及呈兩種對映異構體之所有比率之混合物形式。在順式/反式異構之情況下,本發明包括順式形式及反式形式以及此等形式之所有比率之混合物。必要時,可藉由慣用方法(例如藉由層析或結晶)分離混合物,藉由使用立體化學均勻之起始物質合成或藉由立體選擇性合成來進行個別立體異構體之製備。視情況,可在分離立體異構體之前進行衍生作用。立體異構體混合物之分離可在式(I)化合物合成期間在中間步驟進行,或其可對最終外消旋產物進行。絕對立體化學可藉由(必要時)用含有已知組態之立體對稱中心的試劑衍生之結晶產物或結晶中間物之X射線晶體學來確定。當本發明化合物能夠互變異構化時,所有個別互變異構體以及其混合物均包括於本發明之範疇內。本發明包括所有此類異構體,以及此類外消旋體、對映異構體、非對映異構體及互變異構體及其混合物之鹽、溶劑合物(包括水合物)及溶劑化鹽。
如本文所用,無論是否具體地定義特定縮寫,此等方法、方案及實例中所用之符號及慣例均與當代科學文獻,例如美美國化學學會雜誌(Journal of the American Chemical Society)或生物化學雜誌(Journal of Biological Chemistry)中所用的符號及慣例一致。具體而言,但不限於此,可在實例及整個本說明書中使用以下縮寫:g (公克);mg (毫克);mL (毫升);μL (微升);mM (毫莫耳);μM (微莫耳);Hz (赫茲);MHz (兆赫茲);mmol (毫莫耳);hr或hrs (小時);min (分鐘);MS (質譜分析);ESI (電噴霧電離);TLC (薄層層析);及HPLC (高壓液相層析)。對於所有以下實例,可利用熟習此項技術者已知之標準處理及純化方法。除非另外指明,否則所有溫度均以℃(攝氏度)表示。除非另外指出,否則所有反應均在室溫下進行。本文所說明之合成方法意欲經由使用特定實例來例示可適用的化學方法且不指示本發明之範疇。
本發明之式(I)化合物係根據通用化學合成程序製備。例示性合成途徑展示如下:
其中在式(I)中,RA
對應於-C-C1 C2
-Ar部分且RB
對應於部分。
在此途徑中,N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)及二氯甲烷(DCM)可用於條件a,且1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺(EDC)、羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)及N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)可用於條件b
。
熟習此項技術者亦可基於需要引入對方法之其他適當修改,例如在合成期間對易受某些反應條件影響之基團使用適合的保護/去保護劑、分離及純化中間物以用於後續反應、選擇適當的溶劑等。舉例而言,上文所描繪之途徑中之化合物(β)的-OH基團可在與化合物(α)反應之前受保護,且所得產物可經去保護以得到化合物(γ)等。
醫藥組合物
/
組合
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物/組合,其包含式(I)中任一者之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物、立體異構體、溶劑合物或前藥,以及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
醫藥組合物/組合可進一步包含一或多種第二藥劑。在一個實施例中,第二藥劑為免疫檢查點抑制劑、NSAID、酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(TKI)或抗癌劑。在另一個實施例中,醫藥組合物/組合包含本文所述之化合物及免疫檢查點抑制劑及/或NSAID或視情況選用之酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(TKI)。
在一個實施例中,免疫檢查點抑制劑可與本文所述之醫藥組合組合使用以刺激針對癌細胞之免疫系統且治療癌症。免疫檢查點抑制劑為抗細胞毒性T淋巴球抗原4 (CTLA-4)抗體或藥劑、抗計劃性細胞死亡蛋白質1 (PD-1)抗體或藥劑、抗計劃性死亡配體1 (PD-L1)抗體或藥劑、抗T細胞免疫球蛋白及黏蛋白域3 (TIM-3)抗體或藥劑、抗B淋巴球及T淋巴球衰減因子(BTLA)抗體或藥劑、抗含V域Ig之T細胞活化抑制因子(VISTA)抗體或藥劑、抗淋巴球活化基因3 (LAG-3)抗體或藥劑、KIR (殺傷細胞免疫球蛋白樣受體)抑制劑或抗體、A2AR (腺苷A2A受體)抑制劑或抗體、CD276抑制劑或抗體或VTCN1抑制劑或抗體。更佳地,免疫檢查點抑制劑為派姆單抗(pembrolizumab)、蘭利珠單抗(lambrolizumab)、皮立珠單抗(pidilizumab)、納武單抗(nivolumab)、度伐利尤單抗(durvalumab)、阿維魯單抗(avelumab)或阿特珠單抗(atezolizumab)。PD-1或PD-L1抑制劑之實例包括但不限於阻斷人類PD-1之人類化抗體,諸如蘭利珠單抗(抗PD-1 Ab,商品名Keytruda)或皮立珠單抗(抗PD-1 Ab)、Bavencio (抗PD-L1 Ab,阿維魯單抗)、Imfinzi (抗PD-L1 Ab,度伐利尤單抗)及Tecentriq (抗PD-L1 Ab,阿特珠單抗)以及全人類抗體,諸如納武單抗(抗PD-1 Ab,商品名Opdivo)及西米普利單抗(cemiplimab-rwlc) (抗PD-1 Ab,商品名Libtayo)。其他PD-1抑制劑可包括可溶性PD-1配體之呈現,包括但不限於亦稱為B7-DC-Ig或AMP-244之PD-L2 Fc融合蛋白及當前正在研究及/或開發用於療法之其他PD-1抑制劑。另外,免疫檢查點抑制劑可包括但不限於阻斷PD-L1之人類化或全人類抗體,諸如度伐利尤單抗及MIH1 (抗CD274 (PD-L1,B7-H1)單株抗體)及當前正在研究之其他PD-L1抑制劑。
NSAID為一類減輕疼痛、減少發熱且在較高劑量下減少炎症的藥物。大多數NSAID抑制環氧合酶1 (COX-1)及環氧合酶2 (COX-2)之活性,從而抑制凝血脂素及前列腺素之合成。據認為,抑制COX-2引起消炎、鎮痛及退熱作用,而彼等亦抑制COX-1之NSAID,尤其阿司匹林,在大劑量下可能會引起胃腸道出血及潰瘍。COX-2抑制劑廣泛用於治療自體免疫性疾病及發炎性疾病。環氧合酶(COX)具有兩種同功異型物,亦即COX-1及COX-2,為負責由前列腺素D2 (PGD2)、PGE2、PGF2α、前列環素PGI2及凝血脂素TXA2組成之前列腺素生物活性脂質合成之速率決定步驟的酶。COX-1組成性表現於身體組織中以維持恆穩前列腺素,且參與若干生物功能,諸如血管生成、血管擴張及組織維持。然而,COX-2在正常條件下之表現量低。COX-2由諸如感染、損傷及疼痛之刺激迅速誘導,從而啟動促炎性過程。選擇性COX-2抑制劑為一種類型的非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID)。在一些實施例中,NSAID包括但不限於阿司匹林(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、萘普生(naproxen)及COX-2抑制劑。在本發明之一些實施例中,NSAID為COX2抑制劑。在一些實施例中,COX2抑制劑包括但不限於西樂葆 (通用名稱為塞內昔布)、羅非昔布(Rofecoxib)、艾瑞昔布(Imrecoxib)及依他昔布(Etoricoxib)。較佳地,COX2抑制劑為塞內昔布。
酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(TKI)為具有抑制胞溶質或受體酪胺酸激酶之活性的小分子家族。TKI藉由各種機制抑制此等生長因子信號傳導路徑。其與ATP、受質競爭或競爭二聚化位點,且亦可異位地起作用。若干不同類別之TKI證實對胞溶質或受體酪胺酸激酶之抑制,諸如經由直接競爭ATP與酪胺酸激酶之結合、異位抑制酪胺酸激酶及抑制配體與受體酪胺酸激酶之結合。TKI在治療癌症方面發揮愈來愈重要的作用,尤其VEGFR抑制劑,諸如阿西替尼(Axitinib)、樂伐替尼(Lenvatinib)、卡博替尼(Cabozantinib)及瑞戈非尼(Regorafenib)。在本發明之一些實施例中,TKI為受體酪胺酸激酶之抑制劑。較佳地,TKI為血管內皮生長因子受體(VEGFR)之抑制劑。更佳地,TKI為卡博替尼、瑞戈非尼、阿西替尼、阿法替尼(Afatinib)、尼達尼布(Ninetedanib)、克唑替尼(Crizotinib)、阿來替尼(Alectinib)、曲美替尼(Trametinib)、達拉非尼(Dabrafenib)、舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)、魯索替尼(Ruxolitinib)、維羅非尼(Vemurafenib)、索拉非尼(Sorafenib)、普納替尼(Ponatinib)、恩拉非尼(Encorafenib)、布加替尼(Brigatinib)、帕唑帕尼(Pazopanib)、達沙替尼(Dasatinib)、伊馬替尼(Imatinib)、樂伐替尼、凡德他尼(Vandetanib)、索凡替尼(surufatinib)或斯特替尼(Sitravatinib)。
額外抗癌劑為本文所述或此項技術中已知之任何抗癌劑。在一個實施例中,額外抗癌劑為化學療法或基於鉑之雙重化學療法。在某些實施例中,額外抗癌劑為酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(TKI)。在一個實施例中,額外抗癌劑為抗VEGF或抗VEGFR抗體或化合物。在其他實施例中,抗癌劑為鉑劑(例如順鉑(cisplatin)、卡鉑(carboplatin))、有絲分裂抑制劑(例如紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、白蛋白結合之紫杉醇、多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)、taxotere、docecad)、氟化長春花生物鹼(例如長春氟寧(vinflunine)、javlor)、長春瑞賓(vinorelbine)、長春花鹼(vinblastine)、依託泊苷(etoposide)或培美曲塞吉西他濱(pemetrexed gemcitabin)。在一個實施例中,額外抗癌劑為5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)。在某些實施例中,額外抗癌劑為此項技術中已知的任何其他抗癌劑。
為了製備本發明之醫藥組合物/組合,根據習知醫藥混配技術,將一或多種本發明化合物作為活性成分與醫藥載劑充分混合,該載劑可視投與(例如經口或非經腸,諸如肌肉內)所需之製備形式而採取多種形式。在製備口服劑型之組合物時,可採用任何常用醫藥介質。因此,對於液體口服製劑,諸如懸浮液、酏劑及溶液,適合之載劑及添加劑包括水、二醇、油、醇、調味劑、防腐劑、著色劑及其類似物;對於固體口服製劑,諸如散劑、膠囊、囊片、凝膠膠囊及錠劑,適合之載劑及添加劑包括澱粉、糖、稀釋劑、成粒劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、崩解劑及其類似物。因為錠劑及膠囊易於投與,所以其代表最有利的口服單位劑型,在此情況下顯然採用固體醫藥載劑。必要時,錠劑可藉由標準技術包覆糖衣或包覆腸溶包衣。對於注射劑,載劑將通常包含無菌水,但亦可包括其他成分,例如用於諸如輔助溶解或保存之目的。亦可製備可注射懸浮液,在此情況下,可採用適當液體載劑、懸浮劑及其類似物。本文中之醫藥組合物每個單位劑型(例如錠劑、膠囊、散劑、注射劑、一茶匙量及其類似物)將含有遞送如上所述之有效劑量所必需之量的活性成分。
可併入本發明之新穎組合物以用於經口或藉由注射投與之液體形式包括:水溶液、適當調味之糖漿、水性或油性懸浮液及具有可食用油(諸如棉籽油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油)之調味乳液,以及酏劑及類似醫藥媒劑。適用於水性懸浮液之分配劑或懸浮劑包括:合成膠及天然膠,諸如黃蓍膠、阿拉伯膠、海藻酸鹽、葡聚糖、羧甲基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮或明膠。
用於經口投與之錠劑及膠囊通常以單位劑型呈現,且含有習知賦形劑,諸如黏合劑、填充劑(包括纖維素、甘露醇、乳糖)、稀釋劑、製錠劑、潤滑劑(包括硬脂酸鎂)、清潔劑、崩解劑(例如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮及澱粉衍生物,諸如羥基乙酸澱粉鈉)、著色劑、調味劑及潤濕劑(例如月桂基硫酸鈉)。
口服固體組合物可藉由摻合、填充或製錠之習知方法製備。可重複摻合操作以將活性成分分佈在含有大量填充劑之整個組合物中。此類操作為習知的。
對於非經腸投與,可製備含有化合物及無菌媒劑之流體單位劑量。視媒劑及濃度而定,化合物可為懸浮或溶解的。非經腸溶液通常藉由將化合物溶解於媒劑中、藉由過濾滅菌、填充適合的小瓶且密封來製備。有利地,諸如局部麻醉劑、防腐劑及緩衝劑之佐劑亦可溶解於媒劑中。為了提高穩定性,組合物可在已填充小瓶之後冷凍且在真空下移除水。除了化合物可懸浮於媒劑中而非溶解且藉由在懸浮於無菌媒劑中之前暴露於環氧乙烷來滅菌之外,以實質上相同之方式製備非經腸懸浮液。有利地,組合物中可包括界面活性劑或潤濕劑以促進本申請案之化合物的均勻分佈。
藉由吸入投與之醫藥製劑可自吹入器或噴霧器加壓包裝遞送。
治療性應用
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於TME之表觀遺傳免疫調節之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與有效量之本文所述之化合物或醫藥組合物/組合。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療或預防個體之與I類HDAC相關之疾病的方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與有效量之本文所述之化合物或醫藥組合物/組合。
在一個實施例中,該等方法包含進一步投與一或多種第二藥劑。在一些實施例中,第二藥劑為免疫檢查點抑制劑、NSAID、TKI或抗癌劑。在另一個實施例中,醫藥組合物/組合包含本文所述之化合物及免疫檢查點抑制劑及/或NSAID或視情況選用之TKI。免疫檢查點抑制劑、NSAID、TKI或抗癌劑之實施例為本文所述之實施例。
本發明化合物可用於治療或預防任何疾病及/或病況,其中需要抑制I類HDAC。特定言之,本發明化合物具有TME之表觀遺傳免疫調節,由此改良免疫療法。抑制HDAC酶活性可導致腫瘤生長減弱。因此,本發明提供用於治療或預防腫瘤或癌症之方法。
根據本發明教示可治療之癌症的實例包括但不限於侵襲性乳癌、腺癌、肺癌(非小細胞、鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌及大細胞肺癌)、肝癌、結腸直腸癌、腦癌、頭頸癌(例如神經/神經膠質母細胞瘤)、乳癌、卵巢癌、膀胱移行細胞癌、前列腺癌、口腔鱗狀細胞癌、骨肉瘤、腎上腺皮質癌、胃腸道腫瘤包括結腸直腸癌、膽道癌諸如膽囊癌(GBC)、膀胱癌、食道癌、胃癌、子宮頸癌、唾液腺癌、腹瀉良性贅瘤、原位導管癌、甲溝炎、膽管癌、腎癌、胰臟癌、髓母細胞瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤、管腔型、HER2陽性及三陰性乳房腫瘤、血液科惡性疾病及白血病(急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、前體B細胞急性淋巴母細胞性白血病(ALL)、一部分T細胞ALL及慢性骨髓性白血病(CML))。
化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽經口、經鼻、經皮、經肺、經吸入、經頰、經舌下、經腹膜內、經皮下、經肌肉內、經靜脈內、經直腸、經胸膜內、經鞘內及非經腸投與。在一個實施例中,化合物經口投與。熟習此項技術者將認識到某些投與途徑之優勢。
根據多種因素選擇利用化合物之給藥方案,該等因素包括患者之類型、物種、年齡、體重、性別及醫學病況;待治療病況之嚴重程度;投與途徑;患者之腎臟及肝臟功能;及所採用之特定化合物或其鹽。一般熟練之醫師或獸醫可容易地確定及開出預防、對抗或阻止病況進展所需之藥物的有效量。
現已藉助於書面描述來描述本發明,熟習此項技術者將認識到本發明可在多種實施例中實踐,且前述描述及下文實例係出於說明而非限制以下申請專利範圍之目的。實例
製備本發明之例示性化合物的材料及方法描述於下文中。
GNTbm-01、GNTbm-02、GNTbm-03、GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-06、GNTbm-08、GNTbm-11、GNTbm-12、GNTbm-19、GNTbm-25、GNTbm-33、GNTbm-37、GNTbm-38、GNTbm-39、恩替諾特-API (活性醫藥成分)及西達本胺-API由GNTbm [GNT Biotech & Medicals Co. Ltd (Taiwan)]提供。塞內昔布膠囊產品(Celebrex®,200 mg)係購自(Pfizer, Taiwan)。瑞戈非尼(HY-1031,30 mg/kg,每日口服,MedChemExpress USA)。以下抗體及試劑用於動物實驗:小鼠抗PD-1 (CD279)單株抗體(RMP1-14;Bio X Cell)及大鼠抗IgG2a同型單株抗體(2A3;Bio X Cell)。在Bruker microTOF上記錄電噴霧電離質量,且使用Waters質譜儀將電噴霧質譜(ESMS)記錄為m / z
值。除非另外說明,否則所有市售化學品及溶劑為試劑級且不經進一步純化即使用。使用Merck 60 F254矽膠玻璃背襯盤(20×20 cm),藉由薄層層析監測所有反應之完成。在UV照射(254 nm)下目視偵測所得層析圖之可視化。在Bruker AVANCE 400 MHz PLUS及Bruker AVANCE III HD 600 MHz上記錄1
H NMR及13
C NMR,且化學位移以百萬分率(ppm,δ
)記錄。多重性記錄為s (單峰)、brs (寬單峰)、d (二重峰)、t (三重峰)、q (四重峰)、dd (二重峰的二重峰)、td (二重峰的三重峰)及m (多重峰)。偶合常數(J
)以赫茲表示。藉由Waters ACQUITY Arc系統,使用C18
管柱(Waters XSelect HSS T3 5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)在40℃下操作測定最終化合物之純度。使用含有0.1%三氟乙酸之水作為移動相A及甲醇作為移動相B進行溶離。溶離條件:0分鐘時,相A 90% + 相B 10%;6分鐘時,相A 70% + 相B 30%;12分鐘時,相A 50% + 相B 50%;18分鐘時,相A 10% + 相B 90%;23分鐘時,相A 90% + 相B 10%。移動相之流動速率為1 mL/min,樣品之注射體積為10 μL,且運行時間為30分鐘。在254 nm處偵測到峰。發現最終化合物之純度>90%。
製備實例
實例
1
GNTbm-01
合成途徑展示如下:
6-
胺基吡啶
-3-
甲酸
(1).
向6-胺基吡啶-3-甲酸甲酯(1.2 g)之溶液中添加含LiOH (3.309 g)之MeOH,且將混合物在40~65℃下攪拌4~8小時。冷卻至室溫後,用10% HCl (水溶液)調節至酸性條件,藉由抽吸過濾,且將產物在烘箱上乾燥約24小時,得到固體產物化合物 1
。
6
-
胺基吡啶
-
3
-
甲酸
2
-(
三甲基矽烷基
)
乙酯
(
2
).
在-5~10℃下,向化合物 1
(1.5 g)及三苯基膦(2.848 g)於THF中之溶液中添加2-(三甲基矽烷基)乙醇(1.84 mL mmol)及偶氮二甲酸二異丙酯(DIAD,2.56 mL)。且將混合物在室溫下攪拌約8小時。濃縮混合物,且藉由矽膠管柱層析純化,得到化合物 2
。
6
-((
E
)-
4
-(
6
-
甲基吡啶
-
3
-
基
)
丁
-
3
-
烯醯胺基
)
吡啶
-
3
-
甲酸
2
-(
三甲基矽烷基
)
乙酯
(
3
).
在冰浴下向DCC (86.9 mg)於DCM中之溶液中添加含化合物 2
(50 mg)及(E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯酸(67.2 mg)之DCM。且將混合物在室溫下攪拌約8小時。使用乙酸乙酯萃取產物,且用水洗滌有機層。合併之有機層經MgSO4
乾燥,濃縮且藉由矽膠管柱層析純化,得到化合物 3
。
6-((E
)-4-(6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
丁
-3-
烯醯胺基
)
吡啶
-3-
甲酸
(4).
向化合物 3
(50 mg)於THF (11 mL)中之溶液中添加12 N HCl (11 mL),且將混合物在室溫下攪拌4~10小時。濃縮混合物,且藉由矽膠管柱層析純化,得到化合物 4
。
6-((E
)-4-(6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
丁
-3-
烯醯胺基
)-N-(2-
胺基
-4-
氟苯基
)
吡啶
-3-
甲醯胺
(5).
將4-氟苯-1,2-二胺(72.9 mg)、EDC (89.7 mg)、HOBt (46.8 mg)於DMF中之溶液在-10~10℃下攪拌20~60分鐘。添加含化合物 4
(85.9 mg)之DMF及Et3
N (161 μL),且將混合物在室溫下攪拌約72小時。混合物用水稀釋且用EtOAc萃取。合併之有機層經MgSO4
乾燥,濃縮且藉由矽膠管柱層析純化,得到化合物 5
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 丙酮-d6
): δ2.46(3H, s), 3.52(2H, d), 4.95(2H, br), 6.39(1H, td), 6.59(3H, m), 7.21(1H, t), 7.77(1H, dd), 8.38(3H, m), 9.08(1H, s), 9.75(1H, s)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ23.77, 40.47, 101.16, 101.41, 101.80, 102.03, 123.05, 124.73, 125.54, 128.76, 128.86, 129.21, 129.56, 132.84, 136.68, 138.02, 145.71, 147.16, 148.12, 156.82, 163.76, 170.27; ESI-MS m/z: 428.1496[M+Na+
]。
實例
2 GNTbm-02
合成途徑展示如下:
5-((E
)-4-(6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
丁
-3-
烯醯胺基
)
吡啶
-2-
甲酸
(6).
將(E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯酸(769 mg)及DCC (895 mg)於DCM中之溶液在-10~10℃下攪拌20~60分鐘。添加含6-胺基吡啶-3-甲酸(500 mg)之DCM,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌約48小時。過濾混合物以收集固體粉末。將固體粉末溶解於MeOH中,過濾且藉由旋轉蒸發儀濃縮,得到粗化合物 6
。
5-((E
)-4-(6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
丁
-3-
烯醯胺基
)-N-(2-
胺基
-4-
氟苯基
)
吡啶
-2-
甲醯胺
(7).
將4-氟苯-1,2-二胺(42.4 mg)及EDC (52.2 mg、HOBt (26 mg)於DMF中之溶液在-10~10℃下攪拌20~60分鐘。添加含5-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)吡啶-2-甲酸(化合物 6
) (50 mg)之DMF,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌約16小時。混合物用水稀釋且用EtOAc萃取。合併之有機層經MgSO4
乾燥,濃縮且藉由矽膠管柱層析純化,得到化合物 7
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 丙酮-d6
): δ2.46(3H, s), 3.45(2H, d), 4.90(1H, br), 6.45(1H, m), 6.55(2H, m), 6.66(1H, dd), 7.19(1H, d), 7.53(1H, dd), 7.76(1H, dd), 8.15(1H, d), 8.31(1H, dd), 8.47(1H, d), 8.91(1H, s), 9.66(1H, s), 9.72(1H, s)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD-d): δ41.93, 104.06, 104.32, 105.16, 105.39, 124.08, 125.12, 125.94, 128.14, 128.41, 128.65, 130.93, 132.17, 135.42, 139.91, 141.19, 146.07, 147.83, 158.38, 165.26, 168.08, 172.56。ESI-MS m/z: 428.1479[M+Na+
]。
實例
3 GNTbm-03
合成途徑展示如下:
4-((E
)-4-(6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
丁
-3-
烯醯胺基
)
苯甲酸
(8).
將(E)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯酸(671.9 mg)及DCC (782.4 mg)於DCM中之溶液在-10~10℃下攪拌20~60分鐘。添加含4-胺基苯甲酸(400 mg)之DCM,且將混合物在室溫下再攪拌5~10小時。過濾混合物以收集固體粉末。將固體粉末溶解於MeOH中,過濾且藉由旋轉蒸發儀濃縮,得到粗化合物 8
。
4-((E
)-4-(6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
丁
-3-
烯醯胺基
)-N-(2-
胺基
-4-
氟苯基
)
苯甲醯胺
(9).
將4-氟苯-1,2-二胺(255.4 mg)、EDC (314.4 mg)及HOBt (164 mg)於DMF中之溶液在-10~10℃下攪拌20~60分鐘。添加含4-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)苯甲酸(化合物 8
) (300 mg)之DMF,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌約24小時。混合物用水稀釋且用EtOAc萃取。合併之有機層經MgSO4
乾燥,濃縮且藉由矽膠管柱層析純化,得到化合物 9
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 丙酮-d6
): δ2.46(3H, s), 3.39(2H, d), 4.90(1H, br), 6.39(1H, td), 6.56(3H, m), 7.20(2H,m), 7.77(3H, m), 8.00(2H, m), 8.46(1H, s), 8.95(1H, s), 9.46(1H, s)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ23.75, 40.77, 101.48, 102.55, 118.23, 119.42, 123.07, 124.98, 128.51, 128.62, 128.76, 128.90, 129.05, 129.59, 132.85, 141.97, 145.51, 147.14, 156.79, 159.82, 162.19, 165.03, 169.36。ESI-MS m/z: 405.1731[M+H+
]。
實例
4
GNTbm-04
、
GNTbm-05
、
GNTbm-11
、
GNTbm-33
、
GNTbm-37
、
GNTbm-38
及
GNTbm-39
合成途徑展示如下:
( E )- 4 -( 吡啶 - 3 - 基 ) 丁 - 3 - 烯酸乙酯 ( 11 ) 。
將菸鹼醛10
(10 g,93 mmol)、PPh3 (36.7 g,140 mmol)、丙烯酸乙酯(15.3 mL,140 mmol)於正己醇(50 mL)中之溶液在120~160℃下攪拌12~18小時。混合物用EA稀釋,用水、鹽水洗滌且經Na2
SO4
乾燥。過濾混合物且濃縮至乾燥。藉由管柱層析純化粗產物,得到呈黃色液體狀之化合物11
(6 g,34%)。1
H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J = 7.9, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (dt, J = 15.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (dd, J = 7.0, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H)。
(E
)-4-( 吡啶 -3- 基 ) 丁 -3- 烯酸 (12)
向溶液11
(6 g,31 mmol)於THF (100 mL)中之溶液中添加LiOH (2.25 g於50 mL H2
O中,94 mmol),且在RT (室溫)下攪拌1~4小時。濃縮混合物以移除THF。水溶液用1N
HCl (水溶液)酸化。將混合物濃縮至乾燥,且藉由管柱層析純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之化合物12
(3.7 g,72%)。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
8.58 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (dd,J
= 4.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dt,J
= 8.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd,J
= 8.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d,J
= 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (dt,J
= 16.0, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (d,J
= 6.5 Hz, 2H)。
GNTbm - 04 、 GNTbm - 05 、 GNTbm - 11 、 GNTbm - 33 、 GNTbm - 38 及 GNTbm - 39 之合成程序。
向化合物12
(1 eq)、化合物13
(1.1 eq)及HATU (1.1 eq)於DMF中之溶液中添加DIPEA (1~2.5 eq)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌1~4小時(藉由LCMS監測)。將苯胺(1.1 eq)、HATU (1.1 eq)及DIPEA (1~2.5 eq)添加至反應混合物中。將混合物在室溫下再攪拌1~4小時(藉由LCMS監測)。混合物用EA稀釋,用水、鹽水洗滌且經Na2
SO4
乾燥。過濾混合物且濃縮至乾燥。藉由管柱層析純化粗產物,得到所需產物。
GNTbm -04
,產率:45 mg,40%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.60 (s, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H), 8.92 (d,J
=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d,J
= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d,J
= 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (dd,J
= 8.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d,J
= 9 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.32 (m, 2H), 6.62-6.55 (m, 3H), 6.39(td,J
= 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 3.42 (d,J
= 6 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 40.48, 101.95, 102.12, 102.41, 102.56, 119.74, 122.81, 123.69, 125.78, 126.52, 126.73, 126.79, 129.29, 132.28, 132.57, 138.25, 138.95, 144.37, 144.41, 147.80, 148.40, 159.74, 161.33, 162.27, 169.76。LCMS (ESI)m/z
392.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:96.12%。
GN Tbm-05
,產率:88 mg,53%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.60 (s, 1H), 9.94 (s, 1H), 8.92 (d,J
= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d,J
= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d,J
= 4.7 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dd,J
= 8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd,J
= 7.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (t,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.61-6.57 (m, 2H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 3.42 (d,J
= 6.0 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 40.49, 116.75, 117.01, 122.76, 123.68, 124.16, 124.29, 125.67, 125.78, 126.58, 129.29, 132.28, 132.56, 138.26, 138.97, 141.56, 144.44, 147.80, 148.39, 161.86, 169.76。LCMS (ESI)m/z
374.3 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:99.32%。
GNTbm-11
,產率:48 mg,22%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.62 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d,J
= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d,J
= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d,J
= 4.6 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd,J
= 7.9, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d,J
= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d,J
= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.55 (m, 2H), 5.63 (s, 2H), 3.42 (d,J
= 6.0 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 40.49, 115.71, 121.95, 122.90, 122.94, 123.68, 125.76, 126.55, 129.30, 132.28, 132.57, 138.42, 138.97, 144.13, 145.75, 147.80, 162.50, 169.79。LCMS (ESI)m/z
442.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:93.63%。
GNTbm -33
,產率:63 mg,16%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.32 (s, 1H), 9.60, (s, 1H), 8.63 (d,J
= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (dd,J
= 4.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.91 (dt,J
= 8.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d,J
= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd,J
= 7.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd,J
= 8.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d,J
= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.55 (m, 2H), 5.65 (s, 2H), 3.38 (d,J
= 5.5 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 40.70, 115.22, 115.42, 115.63, 118.21, 122.44, 123.33, 123.69, 123.79, 124.10, 125.89, 126.19, 128.71, 128.82, 129.06, 132.34, 132.54, 142.05, 146.76, 147.78, 148.35, 165.15, 169.21。LCMS (ESI)m/z
441.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:96.40%。
GNTbm-33
,產率:108 mg,47%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.30 (s, 1H), 9.56 (s, 1H), 8.63 (d,J
= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (dd,J
= 4.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.91 (dt,J
= 8.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd,J
= 7.9, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d,J
= 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dt,J
= 7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (dd,J
= 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.57 (m, 3H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 3.37 (d,J
= 5.5 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 40.69, 116.10, 116.24, 118.23, 118.34, 123.46, 123.68, 126.20, 126.32, 126.60, 128.66, 129.0, 129.04, 132.33, 132.53, 141.87, 143.08, 147.78, 148.34, 164.67, 169.17。LCMS (ESI)m/z
373.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:94.41%。
GNTbm-39
,產率:60 mg,25%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.30 (s, 1H), 9.49 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (dd,J
= 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (dt,J
= 8.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd,J
= 7.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd,J
= 8.4, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.57 (m, 2H), 6.54 (dd,J
= 11.2, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (td,J
= 8.5, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 3.37 (d,J
= 5.5 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 40.69, 101.35, 101.52, 101.92, 102.07, 118.20, 118.32, 119.40, 123.68, 126.20, 128.42, 128.49, 128.68, 128.89, 129.05, 132.33, 132.53, 141.89, 145.38, 145.45, 147.78, 148.34, 160.14, 161.73, 164.95, 169.17。LCMS (ESI)m/z
391.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:94.66%。
GNTbm-37之合成
向GNTbm-39 (0.11 g,0.3 mmol)於MeOH (2 mL)中之溶液中添加Pd/C (22 mg),且在室溫下攪拌8~16小時。經由矽藻土墊過濾混合物且將濾液濃縮至乾燥,得到呈白色固體狀之GNTbm-37 (95 mg,86%)。
GNTbm-37
,產率:110 mg,49%。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.20 (s, 1H), 9.52 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d,J
= 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d,J
= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d,J
= 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (d,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dd,J
= 7.3, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (t,J
= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (dd,J
= 11.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 2.66 (t,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.93 (m,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 26.20, 31.56, 35.63, 99.13, 101.36, 101.52, 101.91, 102.06, 118.07, 119.44, 123.45, 128.44, 128.64, 135.84, 136.95, 142.06, 145.39, 145.47, 147.22, 149.63, 160.13, 161.71, 164.98, 171.20。LCMS (ESI)m/z
393.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:95.87%。
GNTbm-06
及
GNTbm-12.
合成途徑展示如下:
(E )-4-(6- 甲基 -3- 吡啶基 ) 丁 -3- 烯酸 (15)
,向具有溴化2-羧乙基(三苯基)鏻(37.7 g,90.8 mmol)之乾燥圓底燒瓶中添加無水THF (200 ml),且將溶液冷卻至-20~40℃。向白色懸浮液中逐滴添加含2.00 M NaHMDS之THF (82.6 ml)。將所得橙色溶液在-20~40℃下攪拌1-5小時。添加6-甲基吡啶-3-甲醛(10.0 g,82.6 mmol),且將所得混合物在室溫下攪拌8-20小時。用水(10 mL)淬滅反應混合物且濃縮至乾燥。向混合物中添加水(300 mL)且用EA (200 mL)及DCM (200 mL)洗滌。移除有機層,且水層藉由6 N HCl (水溶液)酸化,並用EA (200 mL)及DCM (200 mL)洗滌。移除有機層,且水層用4 N NaOH (水溶液)調節pH值並濃縮至乾燥。藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,得到呈白色固體狀之(E)-4-(6-甲基-3-吡啶基)丁-3-烯酸(5.10 g,35%)。
GNTbm-06及GNTbm-12之合成程序。向化合物15 (1 eq)、化合物13b (1.1 eq)及HATU (1.1 eq)於DMF中之溶液中添加DIPEA (1~2.5 eq)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌1~4小時(藉由LCMS監測)。將苯胺(1.1 eq)、HATU (1.1 eq)及DIPEA (1~2.5 eq)添加至反應混合物中。將混合物在室溫下再攪拌1~4小時(藉由LCMS監測)。混合物用EA稀釋,用水、鹽水洗滌且經Na2
SO4
乾燥。過濾混合物且濃縮至乾燥。藉由管柱層析純化粗產物,得到所需產物。
GNTbm-06 ,
產率:95 mg,43%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.59 (s, 1H), 9.94 (s, 1H), 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.26 (dd,J
= 8.7, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d,J
= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d,J
= 16.1 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (dt,J
= 15.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 3.40 (d,J
= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 23.71, 40.49, 116.75, 117.01, 122.75, 122.98, 124.16, 124.29, 124.48, 125.66, 126.56, 129.25, 129.47, 132.80, 138.28, 138.96, 139.05, 141.55, 144.43, 147.12, 156.80, 161.86, 169.87。LCMS (ESI)m/z
388.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:94.56%。
GNTbm-12 ,產率: 45 mg , 14% 。 1 H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.61 (s, 1H), 10.01
(s, 1H), 8.94 (d,J
= 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (dd,J
= 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.27 (d,J
= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d,J
= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d,J
= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d,J
= 16.1 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (dt,J
= 15.8, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.63 (s, 2H), 3.40 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 23.70, 40.49, 115.71, 121.92, 122.90, 122.94, 122.98, 124.46, 126.53, 129.26, 129.47, 132.80, 138.43, 138.96, 144.11, 145.74, 147.12, 156.81, 162.49, 169.89。LCMS (ESI)m/z
456.5 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:92.94%。
實例
6
GNTbm-
08
、
GNTbm-19
及
GNTbm-25
合成途徑展示如下:
4-(6- 甲基吡啶 -3- 基 ) 丁酸 (17)
向15
(1 g,5.6 mmol)於MeOH (10 mL)中之溶液中添加Pd/C (200 mg)且在室溫下攪拌1~8小時。經由矽藻土墊過濾混合物且將濾液濃縮至乾燥,得到呈白色固體狀之化合物17
(1 g,99%)。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
12.07 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd,J
= 7.9, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (t,J
= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 1H), 2.20 (t,J
= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 1.77 (quint,J
= 7.5 Hz, 1H)。
GNTbm-08 、 GNTbm-19 及 GNTbm-25 之合成程序。
向化合物17 (1 eq)、化合物13b (1.1 eq)及HATU (1.1 eq)於DMF中之溶液中添加DIPEA (1~2.5 eq)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌1~4小時(藉由LCMS監測)。將苯胺(1.1 eq)、HATU (1.1 eq)及DIPEA (1~2.5 eq)添加至反應混合物中。將混合物在室溫下再攪拌1~4小時(藉由LCMS監測)。混合物用EA稀釋,用水、鹽水洗滌且經Na2
SO4
乾燥。過濾混合物且濃縮至乾燥。藉由管柱層析純化粗產物,得到設計產物。
GNTbm-8 ,
產率:35 mg,25%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.41 (s, 1H), 9.85 (s, 1H), 8.86 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d,J
= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d,J
= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd,J
= 7.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd,J
= 8.6, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (dd,J
= 11.1, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (td,J
= 12.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 2.62 (t,J
= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.40 (t,J
= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (quint,J
= 7.5 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 23.54, 26.90, 31.10, 35.47, 101.97, 102.14, 102.42, 102.57, 119.78, 122.68, 126.31, 126.67, 126.74, 133.58, 136.13, 138.53, 138.83, 144.16, 144.33, 148.78, 155.29, 159.72, 161.31, 162.29, 171.76。LCMS (ESI)m/z
408.5 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:93.92%。
GNTbm-19 ,
產率:43 mg,20%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.42 (s, 1H), 9.92 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.25 (d,J
= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d,J
= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 2.62 (t,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.40 (t,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (quint,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 23.53, 26.09, 31.10, 35.47, 116.76, 117.02, 122.68, 124.20, 124.23, 125.63, 126.36, 133.25, 136.14, 138.36, 136.85, 141.51, 144.20, 148.77, 155.28, 161.87, 171.77。LCMS (ESI)m/z
390.4 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:99.12%。
GNTbm-25 ,
產率:30 mg,12%。1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d
6)δ
10.43 (s, 1H), 10.00 (s, 1H), 8.88 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.24 (dd,J
= 8.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d,J
= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dd,J
= 8.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d,J
= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d,J
= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (s, 2H), 2.62 (t,J
= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.40 (t,J
= 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (quint,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H)。13
C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 23.54, 26.09, 31.11, 35.48, 115.73, 116.07, 116.28, 131.89, 122.69, 122.89, 122.94, 124.06, 125.85, 126.34, 133.58, 136.14, 138.52, 138.86, 143.88, 145.71, 148.78, 155.30, 162.52, 171.80。LCMS (ESI)m/z
458.5 [M+H]+
。HPLC純度:92.03%。
實例
7
測定西達本胺、
GNTbm
-
02
、
GNTbm
-
03
、
GNTbm
-
04
及
GNTbm
-
06
之飽和溶解度
將5 mg化合物樣品添加至含有ddH2
O之5 ml容量瓶中,且在培育箱中在25℃下以100 rpm震盪90分鐘。經由0.22 μm過濾器過濾所得懸浮液。在256 nm處以分光光度法測定化合物之濃度。各樣品之飽和溶解度一式三份地測定且報告平均值及標準差。
實例
8
活體外細胞毒性分析
使用六種不同細胞株,包括人類乳癌細胞株MDA-MB-231 (6×103
)、MDA-MB-453 (2.4×104
)、SK-BR-3 (6×103
)、人類乳房上皮細胞株M10 (6×103
)、人類胃癌NCI-N87 (2.4×104
)及人類結腸直腸腺癌SW48 (2.4×104
),且接種於96孔盤中。細胞株係獲自臺灣生物資源收集及研究中心BCRC。所有細胞株用包括GNTbm化合物系列、西達本胺(作為陽性對照)及恩替諾特(作為陽性對照)之化合物處理,其中劑量範圍為50 μM至0.39 μM,且隨後在37℃、5% CO2
下培育72小時。72小時後,使用MTT分析(CaymanTM
)確定細胞活力。MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453、SK-BR-3細胞株維持在補充有10% FBS、0.2%抗生素(MycoZapTM
,Pluse-CL)之DMEM/F12中。M10細胞株維持在補充有10% FBS、0.2%抗生素(MycoZapTM
,Pluse-CL)之MEM Alpha (gibcoTM
)中。NCI-N87細胞株維持在補充有10% FBS、0.2%抗生素(MycoZapTM
,Pluse-CL)之RPMI 1640 (CORNINGTM
)中。SK-BR-3細胞株維持在補充有10% FBS、0.2%抗生素(MycoZapTM
,Pluse-CL)之DMEM (CORNINGTM
)中。
實例
9
測定
HDAC
1
、
2
及
3
酶抑制之
IC50
的量測結果
根據標準方案(螢光HDAC 1、2及3分析套組,BPS BioscienceTM
)進行HDAC分析。將劑量範圍介於20 μM至1.28 nM之所有化合物以及作為陽性對照之西達本胺及恩替諾特與套組緩衝液混合,且在37℃下培育1小時。在1小時後,將分析顯影劑添加至樣品中且在螢光波長下讀取吸光度。確定各樣品中對HDAC 1、2及3活性之相對抑制。
實例
10
測定
GNTbm
-
02
對
HDAC3
之酶抑制動力學
根據標準方案(螢光HDAC3分析套組,BPS BioscienceTM
)進行HDAC3酶動力學分析。將2 μM劑量之GNTbm-01、GNTbm-02及GNTbm-03化合物系列、西達本胺及恩替諾特與套組緩衝液混合,且在37℃下培育20分鐘、40分鐘及60分鐘。在培育後,將分析顯影劑添加至樣品中且在螢光波長下讀取吸光度。確定各樣品中對HDAC3活性之相對抑制。
實例
11
測定
GNTbm
-
02
與恩替諾特
(
MS
-
275
)
之間對
HDAC
1
-
11
酶抑制之
IC50
的比較
完成的分析報告來自BPS Bioscience Inc. (6042 Cornerstone Court West, Ste. B, San Diego, CA 92121, USA)。研究之目的為使用活體外酶分析測定GNTbm-02及陽性對照恩替諾特(MS-275)之兩種化合物對重組HDAC1、HDAC2、HDAC3、HDAC4、HDAC5、HDAC6、HDAC7、HDAC8、HDAC9及HDAC11之活性的影響。根據標準方案(螢光HDAC 1-11分析套組,BPS BioscienceTM
)進行HDAC分析。將劑量範圍介於10 μM至0.51 nM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特(陽性對照)與套組緩衝液混合,且在37℃下培育0.5小時。在0.5小時後,將分析顯影劑添加至樣品中且在螢光波長下讀取吸光度。確定各樣品中對HDAC 1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9 11活性之相對抑制。更多細節描述於下文。將所有化合物溶解於DMSO中。首先在100% DMSO中進行化合物之連續稀釋,最高濃度為1 mM。隨後將各中間化合物稀釋液(在100% DMSO中)直接稀釋10倍於分析緩衝液中,得到10% DMSO於HDAC分析緩衝液中之中間稀釋液,且將5 µl稀釋液添加至50 µl反應物中,使得所有反應中DMSO之最終濃度為1%。HDAC酶之酶促反應在37℃下在含有HDAC分析緩衝液、5 µg BSA、HDAC受質、HDAC酶及測試化合物之50 µl混合物中一式兩份地進行30分鐘。在酶促反應後,將50 μl 2×HDAC顯影劑添加至HDAC酶之各孔中且將盤在室溫下再培育15分鐘。使用Tecan Infinite M1000微量盤讀取器在360 nm激發及460 nm發射下量測螢光強度。HDAC活性分析在各濃度下一式兩份地進行。使用電腦軟體Graphpad Prism分析螢光強度資料。在不存在化合物之情況下,將各資料集中之螢光強度(Ft)定義為100%活性。在不存在HDAC之情況下,將各資料集中之螢光強度(Fb)定義為0%活性。在各化合物存在下之活性百分比根據以下方程式計算:活性% = (F-Fb)/(Ft-Fb),其中F=在化合物存在下之螢光強度。隨後使用由方程式Y=B+(T-B)/1+10((LogEC50-X)×希爾斜率)生成之S形劑量反應曲線的非線性回歸分析標繪相對於一系列化合物濃度之活性%值,其中Y=活性百分比,B=最小活性百分比,T=最大活性百分比,X=化合物之對數且希爾斜率=斜率因子或希爾係數。藉由引起半最大活性百分比之濃度確定IC50
值。
實例
12
藉由流動式細胞測量術分析細胞凋亡及細胞週期停滯
進行PI/RNase染色分析(BD BioscienceTM
),以揭示用GNTbm化合物、西達本胺及恩替諾特處理後細胞週期停滯及凋亡細胞的存在。人類乳癌細胞株MDA-MB-231 (1.5×105
)及人類乳房上皮細胞株M10 (1.5×105
)分別用GNTbm化合物、西達本胺及恩替諾特(1.625至25 μM)處理72小時,或用指定劑量處理3小時至72小時。人類結腸直腸腺癌SW48細胞(5×105
)用GNTbm化合物系列、西達本胺及恩替諾特(按指定劑量)處理72小時,或以指定劑量之濃度處理3小時至72小時。在處理後,收穫細胞,用80%乙醇固定24小時,用1×PBS洗滌且在室溫下用PI/RNase染色15分鐘。接著使用流式細胞儀在1小時內分析細胞。
實例
13
西方墨點分析
分析人類乳癌MDA-MB-231細胞及人類結腸直腸腺癌SW48細胞。MDA-MB-231及SW48係獲自生物資源收集及研究中心(BCRC, Taiwan)。MDA-MB-231及SW48在37℃下,在不補充CO2
之潮濕空氣中,在含有10%熱不活化胎牛血清(Thermo Scientific)、1倍濃度之MycoZap抗生素(目錄號VZA-2011,Lonza)的Leibovitz's L-15 (目錄號11415114,Thermo Fisher Scientific)中生長。細胞用GNTbm化合物系列、西達本胺或恩替諾特處理不同時段或以不同劑量進行處理。細胞用指定劑量處理24小時,或細胞用指定劑量處理不同時段。細胞集結粒用具有蛋白酶及磷酸酶抑制劑(目錄號K272,BioVision)之RIPA緩衝液(目錄號20-188,Merck)溶解,且藉由離心澄清。等量總蛋白質藉由SDS-PAGE解析且轉移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜(目錄號1620177,BIO-RAD)。將墨點與針對β-肌動蛋白(目錄號sc-47778,Santa Cruz Biotechnology)、組蛋白3ac (目錄號61637,Active Motif)之初級抗體及HRP二級抗體抗兔(ab6721,Abcam)及抗小鼠(sc-2005,Santa Cruz)一起培育。使用ECL西方墨點法受質(目錄號sc-2048,Santa Cruz Biotechnology)使墨點顯影。用iBright FL1000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific)成像系統分析影像墨點。
實例
14
動物模型中之抗癌活性
動物研究由臺北醫科大學機構動物護理及使用委員會(Taipei Medical University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee,TMU IACUC,編號:LAC-2019-0286、LAC-2020-0306)批准及監督。對於所有動物實驗,在各處理組中使用六至八週齡雄性BALB/c小鼠(臺灣國家實驗動物中心(National Laboratory Animal Center, Taiwan))。藉由皮下注射1×106
或5×106
個CT26細胞[(CRL-2638;鼠類結腸直腸腺癌)建立腫瘤。CT26細胞株係購自ATCC。CT26腫瘤細胞在37℃、5% CO2
下在補充有10% (v/v) FBS之McCoy's 5A中生長。將CT26細胞與基質膠(目錄號354248,Corning®)混合且接種至小鼠左側腹中,並藉由量測兩個垂直直徑來確定腫瘤生長。在隨機分組及處理之前,使腫瘤生長8-11天(腫瘤尺寸約150-250 mm3
)。當腫瘤直徑達到3000 mm3
以上時,對動物實施安樂死。在腫瘤植入後第8、11、14、17、20及23天,藉由腹膜內投與給予攜帶CT26之小鼠2.5 mg/kg之抗IgG (目錄號BE0089,批次號716719J3,Bio X Cell)及抗PD-1 (目錄號BE0146,批次號735019J3,Bio X Cell)抗體,且將所有抗體在100 μL無菌PBS (pH 7.4) (Invitrogen Life Technologies)中稀釋至適當濃度。瑞戈非尼(HY-1031,30 mg/kg,每日口服,MedChemExpress USA)、塞內昔布(50 mg/kg,每日口服膠囊/Celebrex®)、西達本胺-K30 (50 mg/kg,每日口服,產自臺灣臺北GNTbm)及GNTbm-02/k30、GNTbm-03/k30、GNTbm-04/k30、GNTbm-05/k30、GNTbm-06/k30、GNTbm-11/k30、GNTbm-38/k30、GNTbm-39/k30化合物(50、25或12.5 mg/kg,溶解於水中以形成儲備溶液,每日口服)自第8天至第23天每日以不同劑量經口投與以處理荷瘤小鼠,持續16天。自處理開始量測抗癌活性,直至腫瘤體積達到3,000 mm3
。腫瘤體積計算為長度×寬度2
×0.5。
實例
15
動物模型之存活率
自第8天至第23天,進行16天之抗體或藥物投與。荷瘤小鼠體內之腫瘤繼續生長。每三天或四天量測一次小鼠之腫瘤體積(每週兩次)。當腫瘤體積達到3,000 mm3
時,荷瘤小鼠被視為死亡。對所有處理組進行記錄及分析。
實例
16
荷瘤小鼠動物模型中之
腫瘤再攻擊研究
所有處理後具有PR/CR反應之小鼠均在對側用CT26細胞再攻擊(請參見表 6
)。在第33天,其為第一次腫瘤評定(第26天)後7天(第33天),用CT26進行再攻擊,其中將5×106
個CT26細胞注射至各小鼠之右側腹。在用CT26細胞再攻擊之後,使腫瘤再生長7天(第40天)以確定基線為1倍。再過10天(第50天)之後,針對再攻擊評估腫瘤生長。若滿足以下兩個準則,則反應將視為復發:首先,當時與基線相比,腫瘤尺寸超過2倍;其次,第50天之腫瘤體積超過300 mm3
。復發發生在免疫記憶活性未充分活化時。若抑制腫瘤生長,則意謂免疫記憶經活化。
實例
17
流動式細胞測量術
以下抗體及試劑用於流動式細胞測量術:CD8a PerCP-Cy5.5 (53-6.7;BioLegend)、CD4 PE (GK 1.5;BioLegend)、CD25 PerCP-Cy5.5 (PC61;BioLegend)、Foxp3 PE (MF14;BioLegend)、CD3 APC (17A2;BioLegend)、CD11b APC (M1/70;BioLegend)、Ly-6C PerCP-Cy5.5 (HK 1.4;BioLegend)、Ly-6G PE (1A8;BioLegend)、MHC-ll-PE (BM8;BioLegend)、CD45 FITC (30-F11;BioLegend)。流動式細胞測量術在FACS Caliber流式細胞儀(BD Biosciences)上進行,且用FACS Diva軟體(BD Biosciences)分析資料。為了評定循環細胞群之水準,在開始使用或不使用GNTbm-02 (12.5-50 mg/kg)或西達本胺(50 mg/kg,作為陽性對照)加塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)之抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)處理後第8、12、16天自小鼠採集血液樣品。自右側或左側面部靜脈採集150微升血液於K2EDTA BD Microtainer (BD Biosciences)中。立即使用2 mL 1×RBC溶解緩衝液(Qiagen, Valencia, CA)溶解來自抗凝血液樣品之RBC 10分鐘,且將樣品在冰冷的PBS (BD Biosciences)中洗滌兩次。用適當的抗體對樣品進行染色。為了分析,吾等使用先前建立的如CD45+
CD11b+
Ly6G+
Ly6C-
(PMN-MDSC)、CD45+
CD11b+
Ly6G-
Ly6C+
細胞(M-MDSC)、CD45+
CD3+
CD25+
Foxp3+
細胞(Treg)、CD45+
CD11b+
MHC-ll+
Ly6C+
細胞(TAM)及CD45+
CD3+
CD4+
/CD45+
CD3+
CD8+
細胞(CD4+
或CD8+
T細胞)此等細胞的表型標準。總單核細胞用作公分母。為了評定腫瘤中腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞之水準,首先在開始使用或不使用GNTbm-02或西達本胺加塞內昔布之抗PD-1抗體處理後12天,自小鼠切除之腫瘤樣品純化瘤內CD8+
、CD4+
、調節性T細胞(Treg)、PMN-MDSC、M-MDSC及TAM細胞。簡言之,收穫原發性腫瘤組織,稱重且切碎成細小碎片。將含1 mg/mL膠原蛋白酶IV (Sigma-Aldrich)之HBSS (Invitrogen Life Technologies)以每200 mg腫瘤組織1 mL之比率添加至各樣品中。樣品在37℃下在翻轉震盪器上培育150分鐘。所得組織勻漿經0.4 μm過濾且在PBS (BD Biosciences)中洗滌三次,經由Percoll梯度分離以分離單核細胞,且每個樣品1×106
個細胞用於抗體標記。使用先前已建立的CD45+
CD3+
CD8+
之表型標準評定CD8+
T細胞水準。使用先前已建立的D45+
CD3+
CD25+
Foxp3+
之表型標準評定Treg細胞水準。使用先前已建立的CD45+
CD11b+
Ly6G+
Ly6C-
/ CD45+
CD11b+
Ly6G-
Ly6C+
之表型標準評定PMN-MDSC/M-MDSC細胞水準。使用先前已建立的CD45+
CD11b+
MHC-ll+
Ly6C+
之表型標準評定TAM細胞水準,且使用總單核細胞作為公分母。
實例
18
裸小鼠模型中之抗癌活性
動物研究由臺北醫科大學機構動物護理及使用委員會(TMU IACUC,編號:LAC-2019-0086)批准及監督。對於所有動物實驗,在各處理組中使用六至八週齡雄性BALB/C裸小鼠(臺灣國家實驗動物中心)。藉由將5×106
個CT26細胞與基質膠(目錄號354248,Corning®)一起皮下注射至小鼠左側腹中來建立腫瘤,且藉由量測兩個垂直直徑來確定生長。在隨機分組及處理之前,使腫瘤生長8天(腫瘤尺寸約100~150 mm3
)。當腫瘤體積達到3000 mm3
時,對動物實施安樂死。在植入後第8、11、14、17、20及23天,藉由腹膜內投與給予攜帶CT26之小鼠2.5 mg/kg之抗IgG (目錄號BE0089,批次號716719J3,Bio X Cell)及抗PD-1 (目錄號BE0146,批次號735019J3,Bio X Cell)抗體,且將所有抗體在100 μL無菌PBS (pH 7.4) (Invitrogen Life Technologies)中稀釋至適當濃度。在植入後第8天經口投與GNTbm化合物及塞內昔布(膠囊/Celebrex®,200 mg)。GNTbm化合物(溶解於DMSO中以形成儲備溶液)藉由水稀釋或懸浮,且自第8天至第23天每日以不同劑量經口投與以處理荷瘤小鼠。自第8天至第23天以50 mg/kg經口投與來自膠囊之塞內昔布以處理荷瘤小鼠。自處理開始量測抗癌活性,直至腫瘤體積達到3,000 mm3
。腫瘤體積計算為長度×寬度2
×0.5。
結果
強效且新穎的
I
類
HDAC
抑制劑之一系列合成的吡啶甲醯胺及苯甲醯胺衍生物
(
稱為
GNTbm
化合物系列
)
GNTbm已開發一系列具有強效表觀遺傳免疫調節特性之新穎I類HDAC抑制劑,其可抑制HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性。吾等研究發現,在腫瘤微環境(TME)中具有強效調節能力之I類HDAC抑制劑極大地增強針對腫瘤生長之免疫反應。因此,設計且合成此類新穎I類HDAC抑制劑為用於增強免疫療法之治療效果之一項令人感興趣的任務。已在控制TME之領域中研究基於苯甲醯胺之I類HDAC抑制劑,諸如恩替諾特(MS-275)、妥西司他(Tucidinostat) (西達本胺/HBI-8000)及莫西司他(Mocetinostat)等。在本研究中,吾等基於吡啶甲醯胺之結構設計且合成一系列強效且新穎的I類HDAC抑制劑。GNTbm-01 [6-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)吡啶-3-甲醯胺]為第一個基於甲醯胺核心結構合成的新穎化合物,如圖 1
及表 1
中所示。如表 4
中所示,分析化合物GNTbm-01對HDAC 1、2及3之酶促抑制。結果表明,當與恩替諾特或西達本胺相比時,GNTbm-01化合物為較弱的I類HDAC抑制劑。吾等使結構最佳化且改變N原子之位置,從而創造新穎的化合物GNTbm-02 [5-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)吡啶甲醯胺],如圖 1
及表 1
中所示。GNTbm-02化合物具有與GNTbm-01化合物相同的分子式(C22
H20
FN5
O2
),但僅吡啶甲醯胺核心中之N原子位置變化。如表 4
中所示,當與恩替諾特或西達本胺相比時,GNTbm-02化合物在抑制HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性方面非常強效。結果亦表明,GNTbm-02在抑制HDAC 1、2及3酶活性方面比GNTbm-01更強效。接下來,吾等設計移除N原子(亦即經C原子置換)之基於苯甲醯胺之化合物GNTbm-03,且測試與GNTbm-02相比對HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性之抑制的差異。合成的基於苯甲醯胺之I類HDAC抑制劑GNTbm-03 [[4-((E
)-4-(6-甲基吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯醯胺基)-N
-(2-胺基-4-氟苯基)苯甲醯胺]]展示於圖 1
及表 1
中。如表4中所示,顯示GNTbm-03抑制HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性。結果表明,當與恩替諾特或西達本胺相比時,GNTbm-03強效抑制I類HDAC 1、2及3酶活性。亦顯示,當與GNTbm-02相比時,GNTbm-03對HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性具有類似的抑制作用。綜合而言,基於吡啶甲醯胺之衍生物GNTbm-02為其化學類別中第一個I類HDAC抑制劑。吾等對設計強效且新穎的I類HDAC抑制劑之基於吡啶甲醯胺及基於苯醯胺之衍生物非常感興趣。合成且分析一系列新穎的GNTbm化合物,諸如GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-06、GNTbm-08、GNTbm-11、GNTbm-12、GNTbm-19、GNTbm-25、GNTbm-33、GNTbm-37、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39。
分析
GNTbm
-
02
、
GNTbm
-
03
、
GNTbm
-
04
及
GNTbm
-
06
之飽和溶解度
溶解度為口服生物可用性之一個非常重要的決定性參數。對GNTbm-02、GNTbm-03、GNTbm-04及GNTbm-06之飽和溶解度的分析展示於表 2
中。結果顯示,當與GNTbm-02及GNTbm-04相比時,西達本胺之飽和溶解度降低。GNTbm-02及GNTbm-04之飽和溶解度分別為33.6及7.2 μg/mL。此等結果表明,與西達本胺相比,GNTbm-02及GNTbm-04可能具有更好的口服生物可用性。
GNTbm
化合物系列之活體外細胞毒性分析
吾等評估GNTbm化合物系列在數種癌細胞株中之細胞毒性作用,包括三種人類乳癌細胞株(SK-BR-3、MDA-MB-453及MDA-MB-231)、人類結腸直腸腺癌SW48、人類胃癌NCI-N87及人類乳房上皮細胞株M10 (正常細胞株)。結果表明,作為陽性對照之西達本胺或恩替諾特明顯誘導細胞毒性作用,尤其在SK-BR-3及MDA-MB-453細胞中。如表 3 、 8 及 9
中所示,全部六種細胞株均對處理敏感。當與恩替諾特相比時,化合物GNTbm-01部分誘導細胞毒性作用。如表 3
中所示,結果表明,與GNTbm-01相比,GNTbm-02在誘導細胞毒性作用方面非常強效,尤其在SK-BR-3、MDA-MB-453及SW48細胞中。此結果表明,GNTbm-02中含有吡啶甲醯胺核心之結構極其重要。用苯甲醯胺置換吡啶甲醯胺核心結構會阻礙細胞毒性作用。如表 3
中所示,化合物GNTbm-03在SK-BR-3、MDA-MB-231及SW48細胞中誘導細胞毒性作用比GNTbm-02弱。此結果表明,具有吡啶甲醯胺核心結構之GNTbm-02在誘導細胞毒性方面優於具有苯甲醯胺核心結構之GNTbm-03。綜合而言,此等結果表明GNTbm-02為強效且新穎的I類HDAC抑制劑,且具有誘導數種人類癌細胞中之細胞毒性的強效能力。此外,吾等有興趣評估數種新穎的基於吡啶甲醯胺及基於苯甲醯胺之合成衍生物的細胞毒性作用。如表 8
中所示,分析基於吡啶甲醯胺之化合物的細胞毒性作用。GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-06及GNTbm-11在六種細胞株中誘導細胞毒性作用比西達本胺或恩替諾特更強效。在基於苯甲醯胺之化合物中,GNTbm-33、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39在誘導細胞毒性作用方面比西達本胺或恩替諾特更強效。此等資料表明,此等新穎的基於吡啶甲醯胺及基於苯甲醯胺之衍生物在誘導細胞毒性作用方面比眾所周知的I類HDAC抑制劑西達本胺或恩替諾特強效。
用於抑制
HDAC
1
、
2
及
3
之基於吡啶甲醯胺之
GNTbm
化合物系列
已證明GNTbm化合物系列抑制HDAC 1、2及3酶活性。如表 4 及表 10
中所示,作為陽性對照之恩替諾特為選擇性地抑制HDAC 1、2及3酶活性之強效I類HDAC抑制劑。西達本胺(妥西司他)為另一種強效HDAC抑制劑,在中國經NMPA批准用於復發性或難治性外周T細胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)及晚期ER+
/Her-2-
乳癌。西達本胺為一種亞型選擇性抑制劑,用於抑制HDAC 1、2、3及10之酶活性。在表 4
中,恩替諾特及西達本胺均顯示出對HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性的強效抑制。接下來,評估GNTbm-01且證明與恩替諾特相比,對HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性之抑制具有溫和的效力,如表 4
中所示。引人注目的是,GNTbm-02在奈莫耳水準上具有抑制HDAC 1、2及3酶活性之極強效的活性。在抑制HDAC 1、2及3之酶活性方面,GNTbm-02與恩替諾特或西達本胺之比較顯示出類似的抑制作用。此等結果表明GNTbm-02為強效及選擇性I類HDAC抑制劑。如表 4
中所示,GNTbm-03為具有類似於GNTbm-02之抑制作用的強效HDAC抑制劑。接下來,研究對HDAC 3酶動力學之抑制。如圖 16a
中所示,西達本胺及GNTbm-02顯示出比恩替諾特強的對HDAC 3酶活性之抑制作用。如圖 16b
中所示,GNTbm-02及GNTbm-03顯示出比GNTbm-01強的對HDAC 3酶活性之抑制作用。綜合而言,所有此等結果表明,含有吡啶甲醯胺核心結構之GNTbm-02可具有更強效的抑制HDAC 1、2及3酶活性之能力。此外,吾等有興趣評估如表 10
中所示之所有新穎的基於吡啶甲醯胺之合成化合物。GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-06、GNTbm-08及GNTbm-11在抑制HDAC 3酶活性方面比西達本胺或恩替諾特更強效。GNTbm-05及GNTbm-06在抑制HDAC 1酶活性方面比西達本胺或恩替諾特更強效。然而,吾等亦評估如表 11
中所示之新穎的基於苯甲醯胺之合成化合物。GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39在抑制HDAC 1、2及3活性方面似乎比西達本胺或恩替諾特弱。
GNTbm
-
02
為基於
吡啶甲醯胺
之
亞型選擇性
I
類
HDAC
抑制劑
為了進一步確認對HDAC 1-11酶活性之亞型選擇性抑制,GNTbm-02由BPS Bioscience Inc. (6042 Cornerstone Court West, Ste. B, San Diego, CA 92121, USA)測試。如表 5
中所示,使用恩替諾特(MS-275)作為陽性對照,分析對HDAC 1-11 (除HDAC 10之外)酶活性之抑制作用。此結果表明,在相同條件下,GNTbm-02在抑制HDAC 1、2及3方面比恩替諾特更強效。GNTbm-02抑制I類HDAC1、HDAC2及HDAC3之IC50
分別為0.39、0.91及0.73 μM。然而,恩替諾特抑制I類HDAC1、HDAC2及HDAC3之IC50
分別為0.95、2.3及4.6 μM。包括4、5、6、7、8、9及11之其他HDAC不受濃度高達10 μM之GNTbm-02或恩替諾特抑制。此等結果表明GNTbm-02為強效及亞型選擇性I類HDAC抑制劑。GNTbm-02為基於吡啶甲醯胺之I類HDAC抑制劑。然而,恩替諾特為基於苯甲醯胺之I類HDAC抑制劑。GNTbm-02在抑制HDAC 1、2及3酶活性方面比恩替諾特更強效。
GNTbm
化合物系列顯著影響人類癌細胞增殖及形態。
GNTbm-02對人類癌細胞增殖之抑制作用展示於圖 3
中。使用不同濃度之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理MDA-MB-231細胞72小時。如圖 3a
中所示,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特之抑制作用效力相似,在12.5 μM之濃度下顯著抑制細胞增殖。如圖 3b
中所示,當用濃度為3.125 μM之GNTbm-02或恩替諾特處理72小時時,對SW48細胞之抑制作用效力更明顯。接下來,M10細胞用濃度為12.5 μM之GNTbm-02或恩替諾特處理,其顯著抑制細胞增殖,如圖 3c
中所示。綜合而言,此等結果表明GNTbm-02具有抑制細胞增殖之強效能力。
GNTbm
化合物系列誘導人類癌症
MDA
-
MB
-
231
及
SW48
細胞之細胞週期停滯於
G0
/
G1
或
G2
/
M
期
為了研究抑制細胞增殖之機制,使用流動式細胞測量術分析細胞週期停滯。如圖 4a
中所示,使用1.625至25 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理MDA-MB-231細胞72小時。結果表明,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特具有相似的機制,其在3.125 μM之濃度下顯著誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期,如圖 4a
及b
中所示。如圖4c
及d
中所示,藉由用濃度為12.5 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以時間依賴性方式處理使細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。結果表明,用GNTbm-02或恩替諾特處理1天顯著誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。在SW48細胞中,亦顯示類似機制。如圖 5a 及 b
中所示,使用0.39至6.25 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理SW48細胞72小時。結果表明,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特在3.125 μM之濃度下顯著誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期,如圖 5a
及b
中所示。結果顯示,在3.125 μM之相同濃度下,GNTbm-02 (76.9%)似乎比恩替諾特(72.1%)更強效地誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。如圖 5c
及d
中所示,藉由用濃度為6.25 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以時間依賴性方式處理使細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。結果表明,用GNTbm-02或恩替諾特處理2天顯著誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。綜合而言,所有此等資料表明,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特具有經由誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期來抑制人類癌細胞增殖的類似機制。此外,吾等有興趣評估數種強效的基於吡啶甲醯胺及基於苯甲醯胺之新穎合成衍生物,諸如GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39。如表 12
中所示,GNTbm-04顯著誘導SW48細胞之細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。此類似於西達本胺誘導之細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期。然而,化學結構相似之GNTbm-05、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39顯著誘導SW48細胞之細胞週期停滯於G2/M期。因此,此等強效化合物之化學結構非常相似,但細胞週期停滯機制極為不同。
GNTbm
-
02
誘導
M10
細胞之細胞週期停滯於
G2
/
M
期
如圖 6a
及b
中所示,人類乳房上皮細胞株M10用1.625至25.0 μM之不同劑量的GNTbm-02或恩替諾特處理72小時。結果表明,濃度為12.5 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特顯著誘導M10細胞之細胞週期停滯於G2/M期。恩替諾特(20.2%)在誘導細胞週期停滯於G2/M期方面比GNTbm-02 (16.2%)更強效,如圖 6a
及b
中所示。如圖 6c
及d
中所示,藉由用濃度為12.5 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以時間依賴性方式處理使細胞週期停滯於G2/M期。結果表明,用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理2天顯著誘導M10細胞之細胞週期停滯於G2/M期。此等結果表明,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特對人類癌細胞之處理經由誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期來顯著抑制癌細胞增殖;然而,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特對人類正常細胞之處理經由誘導細胞週期停滯於G2/M期來顯著抑制細胞增殖。
GNTbm
化合物系列在數種細胞株中誘導凋亡
為了研究GNTbm-02是否誘導癌細胞凋亡,用1.625至25.0 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特(作為陽性對照)處理MDA-MB-231細胞72小時後的結果展示於圖 7a
及b
中。結果表明,濃度為6.25 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特顯著誘導凋亡(增加亞G1期之百分比),如圖 7a
及b
中所示。如圖 7c
及d
中所示,藉由用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以時間依賴性方式處理MDA-MB-231細胞來誘導細胞凋亡。結果表明,濃度為12.5 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特持續72小時(3天)顯著誘導MDA-MB-231細胞之凋亡。如圖 7
中所示,當與GNTbm-02相比時,恩替諾特在以劑量依賴性或時間依賴性方式誘導凋亡方面非常強效。接下來,亦在SW48細胞中評估細胞凋亡。如圖 8a
及b
中所示,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性方式誘導凋亡。結果表明,用0.39至6.25 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理72小時誘導SW48細胞之細胞凋亡。如圖 8a
及b
中所示,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特在6.25 μM之濃度下顯著誘導凋亡72小時。如圖 8c
及d
中所示,證明用恩替諾特及GNTbm-02處理在6.25 μM之固定濃度下以時間依賴性方式誘導凋亡。濃度為6.25 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特持續72小時(3天)顯著誘導SW48細胞之凋亡。如圖 8
中所示,與GNTbm-02相比,恩替諾特在以劑量依賴性或時間依賴性方式誘導SW48細胞凋亡方面非常強效。最後,亦研究藉由GNTbm-02及恩替諾特在正常細胞株M10中誘導細胞凋亡。如圖 9a
及b
中所示,用1.625至25.0 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理72小時誘導細胞凋亡。濃度為12.5 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特持續72小時顯著誘導M10細胞之凋亡。如圖 9c
及d
中所示,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理在12.5 μM之濃度下以時間依賴性方式誘導凋亡。結果表明,GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以12.5 μM之固定濃度處理M10細胞72小時(3天)顯著誘導凋亡,如圖 9c
及d
中所示。如圖 9
中所示,與GNTbm-02相比,恩替諾特以劑量依賴性或時間依賴性方式非常強效地誘導M10細胞之凋亡。但是,如圖 7
中所示,與MDA-MB-231細胞之結果相比,當用濃度為25.0 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理72小時時,M10細胞似乎對誘導凋亡更具抗性。接下來,吾等有興趣研究GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39在SW48細胞中誘導凋亡之活性。在用指定劑量處理72小時之SW48細胞中評估由此等化合物誘導之凋亡。如表 13
中所示,GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39強效誘導SW48細胞之凋亡。
GNTbm
化合物系列在數種人類癌症細胞株中誘導組蛋白
H3
乙醯化
GNTbm-02及恩替諾特經證實為強效的I類HDAC抑制劑。研究GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性或時間依賴性方式在MDA-MB-231及SW48細胞中誘導之組蛋白H3乙醯化。如圖 10a
及b
中所示,用0.1至10.0 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理MDA-MB-231細胞24小時誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化。結果表明,濃度為1.0 μM之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特顯著增加組蛋白H3乙醯化之水準。如圖 10c
及d
中所示,SW48細胞在藉由用0.1至10.0 μM之不同濃度的GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理24小時來誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化方面更敏感。如圖 11a
及b
中所示,用濃度為1.0 μM之GNTbm-02處理2、6、24、48及72小時以時間依賴方式誘導MDA-MB-231細胞之組蛋白H3乙醯化。結果表明,GNTbm-02在MDA-MB-231細胞中處理6小時後強效誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化。如圖 11c
及d
中所示,亦在SW48細胞中證實類似結果。用濃度為1.0 μM之GNTbm-02處理SW48細胞2、6、24、48及72小時以時間依賴性方式顯示組蛋白H3乙醯化。GNTbm-02在6小時處理後強效誘導SW48細胞之組蛋白H3乙醯化水準。綜合而言,所有此等資料表明,GNTbm-02為強效I類HDAC抑制劑,且誘導數種人類癌症細胞株之組蛋白H3乙醯化。此外,吾等有興趣分析新穎化合物是否具有更強大的活性以增加SW48細胞中之組蛋白3乙醯化表現,如圖 12
中所示。如圖 12a
中所示,在SW48細胞中,細胞用相同劑量之GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-11及作為陽性對照之西達本胺處理24小時。與西達本胺之陽性對照相比,劑量為0.25 μM之GNTbm-05及GNTbm-04在誘導SW48細胞之組蛋白3乙醯化方面非常強效。類似結果亦表明,劑量為0.25 μM之GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05及GNTbm-06在誘導SW48細胞之組蛋白3乙醯化方面非常強效,如圖 12b
中所示。此外,評估誘導組蛋白3乙醯化之四種強效化合物(GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-38、GNTbm-39),如圖 12c
中所示。結果表明,GNTbm-05、GNTbm-04、GNTbm-38及GNTbm-39在誘導SW48細胞之組蛋白3乙醯化表現方面比西達本胺更強效。
GNTbm
化合物系列在攜帶
CT26
之小鼠模型中具有表觀遺傳免疫調節特性
為了研究GNTbm-02是否具有表觀遺傳免疫調節特性,使用攜帶CT26結腸腫瘤之BALB/c小鼠的活體內動物模型進行評估。攜帶鼠類CT26結腸腫瘤之BALB/c小鼠按指示用不同治療模式處理。IgG,抗IgG對照(媒劑,2.5 mg/kg);PD-1,抗PD-1單株抗體(2.5 mg/kg);GNTbm-02 12.5及25.0 mg/kg;塞內昔布膠囊50 mg/kg (Celebrex®)。攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠的腫瘤尺寸在第8天生長至約150-200 mm3
。總腫瘤體積及腫瘤尺寸之倍數變化展示於圖 13a
及b
中。結果表明,與抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (25.0 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合之方案或在不存在抗PD-1抗體之情況下GNTbm-02 25 mg/kg加塞內昔布50 mg/kg之方案相比,抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (12.5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合之方案對腫瘤生長具有更顯著的抑制作用。因此,腫瘤生長之抑制作用為抗PD-1抗體加GNTbm-02 (12.5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布組合方案>抗PD-1抗體加GNTbm-02 (25.0 mg/kg)與塞內昔布組合方案>GNTbm-02 (25.0 mg/kg)與塞內昔布組合方案>抗PD-1抗體>抗IgG方案。然而,結果亦表明,GNTbm-02與塞內昔布組合具有抑制腫瘤生長之強效抑制作用。先前,吾等研究表明,HDAC抑制劑與COX-2抑制劑組合顯著調節TME,且因此提高對腫瘤生長之抑制作用及免疫反應率。此等結果表明,GNTbm-02為強效且新穎的表觀遺傳免疫調節劑。如圖 13c
中所示分析個別腫瘤體積。在此研究中,吾等定義完全反應(CR,在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤生長≦0.5倍);部分反應(PR,在處理結束後三天,腫瘤尺寸>0.5倍腫瘤生長,但≦2倍腫瘤生長);穩定疾病(SD,在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤生長在二至五倍之間);進行性疾病(PD,在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤生長等於或大於五倍)來評估處理功效。結果表明,抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)組實現5個CR、1個PR、3個SD及8個PD,ORR(客觀反應率)為35.3%;抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現3個CR、3個PR、2個SD及1個PD,ORR為66.7%;抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (12.5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現5個CR、2個PR、1個SD及0個PD,ORR為87.5%;GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR、4個PR、2個SD及1個PD,ORR為66.7%。此等結果表明,12.5 mg/kg劑量之GNTbm-02為最佳劑量,且GNTbm-02具有強效免疫調節活性。如圖 13d
中所示之攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠的體重表明,此等方案無引起體重減輕之明顯毒性。最後,如圖 13e
中所示分析存活率。在腫瘤植入後,當腫瘤體積達到3000 mm3
時,對攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠實施安樂死。結果表明,抗PD-1抗體組實現30%之存活率;抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現33%之存活率;GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現56%之存活率;抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (12.5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現63%之存活率。綜合而言,此等資料表明,與單獨的抗PD-1抗體相比,GNTbm-02加塞內昔布或GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與抗PD-1抗體之組合顯著提高ORR及存活率。吾等資料亦表明,在抗PD-1抗體加GNTbm-02與塞內昔布組合之組合方案中,劑量為12.5 mg/kg之GNTbm-02顯示出比25.0 mg/kg更好的功效。接下來,吾等有興趣使用新穎合成化合物,諸如GNTbm-02、GNTbm-03、GNTbm-04、GNTbm-06及作為陽性對照之西達本胺來評估腫瘤微環境活性之調節。藉由包覆在PVP-K30上製備之西達本胺的固體分散體用於改良西達本胺-API之水溶性,最終將改良PK (藥物動力學)概況。因此,吾等使用此項技術中常用的製備技術來生產諸如GNTbm-02、GNTbm-03、GNTbm-04、GNTbm-06之測試化合物及作為陽性對照之西達本胺的固體分散體。所有測試化合物均包覆在PVP-K30上,以製備命名為GNTbm-02/k30、GNTbm-03/k30、GNTbm-04/k30、GNTbm-06/k30及西達本胺/k30之固體分散體。先前研究已證實,西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合在攜帶CT-26腫瘤之小鼠中經由免疫調節機制具有非常強效的抗癌活性。進一步研究GNTbm-02/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合的抗癌活性,以確認其在攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠中的效力。吾等定義更嚴格的標準:CR (在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤生長≦0.5倍);PR (在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤尺寸>0.5倍腫瘤生長,但≦1倍腫瘤生長);SD (在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤生長在一至五倍之間);PD (在處理結束後三天,荷瘤小鼠之腫瘤生長等於或大於五倍)來評估處理功效。如圖 14 ( f ) 至圖 14 ( i )
所示,評估GNTbm-02/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合對比西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合。結果表明,GNTbm-02/k-30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)之組合具有強效的腫瘤生長抑制作用,但弱於西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合(ORR:10%對比30%)。然而,如圖 14 ( i )
至圖 ( m )
中所示之GNTbm-03/k-30表明,GNTbm-03/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合與西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合相比具有類似的抗癌活性(ORR:40%對比30%)。GNTbm-04/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合在抑制腫瘤生長方法比西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合更強效,如圖 14 ( n )
至圖 14 ( q )
所示(ORR:50%對比30%)。GNTbm-06/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合與西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合相比具有類似的抗癌活性,如圖 14 ( r )
至圖 14 ( u )
所示(ORR:50%對比30%)。在處理16天後,吾等繼續監測腫瘤尺寸直至第60天。當在第一次腫瘤評定後具有CR或PR反應之小鼠的腫瘤生長再次出現且腫瘤尺寸達到至少5倍時,將其定義為復發(relapse/recurrence)。如表 14
中所示,西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合顯示0%之腫瘤復發,GNTbm-02/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合顯示100%之腫瘤復發,GNTbm-03/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合顯示25%之腫瘤復發,GNTbm-04/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合顯示20%之腫瘤復發,GNTbm-06/k-30與瑞戈非尼之組合顯示0%之腫瘤復發。除了研究中僅1隻小鼠具有PR之GNTbm-02/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合組之外,結果表明,GNTbm化合物與瑞戈非尼組合可在活化免疫系統以避免復發方面具有更強效的活性。此外,吾等亦研究GNTbm化合物系列之表觀遺傳免疫調節特性,包括GNTbm-05/k-30、GNTbm-11/k-30、GNTbm-38/k-30及GNTbm-39/k-30。如表 14
中所示,評估GNTbm-05/k-30、GNTbm-11/k-30、GNTbm-38/k-30、GNTbm-39/k-30及西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合之功效比較。結果表明,西達本胺/k30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR、4個PR、4個SD及0個PD,ORR為60%;GNTbm-05/k30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現3個CR、0個PR、4個SD及3個PD,ORR為30%;GNTbm-11/k30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現1個CR、1個PR、4個SD及4個PD,ORR為20%;GNTbm-38/k30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現8個CR、0個PR、2個SD及0個PD,ORR為80%;GNTbm-39/k30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR、1個PR、5個SD及2個PD,ORR為30%。綜合而言,此等活體內動物資料表明,當所有GNTbm化合物與陽性對照西達本胺進行比較時,在與瑞戈非尼組合之情況下,GNTbm-38/k30顯示優越的表觀遺傳免疫調節活性,實現80%之ORR,而在不與瑞戈非尼組合之情況下,單獨的GNTbm-38/k-30實現56%之ORR。
確認
GNTbm
化合物系列之表觀遺傳免疫調節特性
分析且確認GNTbm-02與塞內昔布(一種選擇性COX-2抑制劑)組合之最佳劑量。IgG,抗IgG對照(媒劑,2.5 mg/kg);PD-1,抗PD-1單株抗體(2.5 mg/kg);GNTbm-02,5、10、20及25.0 mg/kg;塞內昔布膠囊50 mg/kg (Celebrex®)。攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠的腫瘤尺寸在第8天生長至約150-200 mm3
。如圖 14a
及b
中所示之總腫瘤體積及腫瘤尺寸之倍數變化表明,GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組在抑制腫瘤生長方面比GNTbm-02 (20 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組或GNTbm-02 (5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組更強大。此結果亦表明,GNTbm-02與塞內昔布以最佳比率組合對控制TME至關重要,且提高攜帶CT26之小鼠模型中腫瘤生長之抑制作用。如圖 14c
中所示之個別腫瘤體積及ORR表明,抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)組實現5個CR、1個PR、3個SD及8個PD,ORR (客觀反應率)為35.3%;GNTbm-02 (5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR及1個PR、1個SD及5個PD,ORR為33.3%;GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR、6個PR、0個SD及1個PD,ORR為88.9%;GNTbm-02 (20 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR、3個PR、1個SD及3個PD,ORR為55.6%;GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現2個CR、4個PR、2個SD及1個PD,ORR為66.7%。此等資料表明,GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現最佳ORR,其產生於控制TME之最佳比率。此結果亦在圖 13
中觀察到,其中抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)加GNTbm-02 (12.5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合方案實現更好的ORR。自此等資料表明,GNTbm-02 10 mg/kg與塞內昔布50 mg/kg組合對TME之調節具有強效活性,且因此提高免疫反應率。如圖 14d
中所示之攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠的體重表明,此等方案不具有引起體重減輕之明顯毒性。最後,如圖 14e
中所示分析存活率。在腫瘤植入後,當腫瘤體積達到3000 mm3
時,對攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠實施安樂死。結果表明,抗PD-1抗體組實現30%之存活率;GNTbm-02 (5 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現22%之存活率;GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現44%之存活率;GNTbm-02 (20 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現33%之存活率;GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組實現56%之存活率。綜合而言,此等資料表明,與單獨的抗PD-1抗體相比,GNTbm-02加塞內昔布顯著提高ORR及存活率。吾等資料亦表明,當GNTbm-02與塞內昔布組合時,10 mg/kg劑量之GNTbm-02比其他劑量更好。
具有或不具有抗
PD
-
1
之
GNTbm
-
02
加塞內昔布或
GNTbm
化合物系列與瑞戈非尼組合明顯地誘導免疫記憶
研究用如圖 13
及14
中所示之不同方案處理後誘導之免疫記憶的狀態,如表 6
及7
中所示。小鼠用不同方案處理16天,且隨後進行第一次腫瘤評定(第26天)。具有CR或PR之小鼠進入7天的沖洗階段(直至第33天),而無需任何進一步處理。隨後,藉由再將相同種類之癌細胞(CT26;5×106
)接種於相對的側腹進行再攻擊約7天(第40天),且隨後將腫瘤體積確定為基線(1倍)。使再攻擊腫瘤生長10天(第50天),且隨後量測腫瘤尺寸以將免疫記憶評估為陽性或陰性。若評估為陰性,則必須滿足兩個條件:腫瘤體積超過300 mm3
且當與基線相比時,腫瘤尺寸超過2倍。若先前處理後誘導之免疫記憶具有活性且對識別具有相同抗原之癌細胞具有特異性,則在再攻擊期間接種之腫瘤的生長將受到抑制,且因此將免疫記憶定義為陽性。若免疫記憶未經誘導或未完全活化,則在再攻擊期間接種之腫瘤的生長將不會受到抑制。藉由此評估方法,研究GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與或不與抗PD-1抗體組合方案,以回答該等方案是否具有誘導免疫記憶之特性。如表 6
中所示,抗PD-1抗體組僅具有2隻實現CR之小鼠,其在再攻擊後顯示0%之腫瘤進展。結果表明,此等CR小鼠實現100%之活性免疫記憶。GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)加塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)與抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)組合組之方案實現4隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後亦顯示0%之腫瘤進展。其亦表明100%具有活性免疫記憶。GNTbm-02 (12.5 mg/kg)加塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)與抗PD-1抗體(2.5 mg/kg)組合組之方案實現7隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後顯示29%具有腫瘤進展。其表明71%具有活性免疫記憶。GNTbm-02 (25 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組之方案實現6隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後顯示17%具有腫瘤進展。其亦表明83%具有活性免疫記憶。然而,如表 7
中所示,GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)與塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)組合組之方案實現7隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後顯示14%具有腫瘤進展。其表明86%具有活性免疫記憶。根據此等資料,具有CR之小鼠比具有PR之小鼠具有更強的免疫記憶活性。綜合而言,GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與或不與ICI組合誘導強效免疫記憶活性。同樣的現象亦反映在其他GNTbm化合物與瑞戈非尼之組合中。如表 14
中所示,GNTbm-02/k-30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現1隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後亦顯示0%之腫瘤進展;GNTbm-03/k-30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現4隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後亦顯示0%之腫瘤進展;GNTbm-04/k-30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現5隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後亦顯示0%之腫瘤進展;GNTbm-06/k-30 (50 mg/kg)與瑞戈非尼(30 mg/kg)組合組實現5隻小鼠之CR/PR,在再攻擊後亦顯示0%之腫瘤進展。此等結果表明,GNTbm化合物與瑞戈非尼組合在誘導免疫記憶方面為顯著的。
用
GNTbm
-
02
加塞內昔布處理後之抗腫瘤活性係經由免疫調節作用
,
導致
CTL
之活化
如圖 13
及14
中所示處理之小鼠為具有完整免疫系統之正常小鼠。GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與或不與抗PD-1抗體組合之方案在野生型正常小鼠中顯著實現高總反應率(ORR)。接下來,研究在BALB/c裸小鼠模型(具有T細胞功能缺陷)中用GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與或不與抗PD-1抗體組合之方案進行處理。如圖 15a
中所示,裸小鼠藉由皮下注射接種CT26細胞。8天後,當腫瘤體積平均為約123.8 mm3
時,則將小鼠隨機分為四組,且用抗IgG抗體、抗PD-1抗體、GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與抗PD-1抗體之組合及GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理15天。如圖 15b
及c
中所示,所有此等處理組均不顯著抑制具有T細胞功能缺陷之裸小鼠的腫瘤生長。此等結果表明,GNTbm-02加塞內昔布藉由調節TME中CTL (細胞毒性T淋巴細胞)之活化而在抑制腫瘤生長方面具有強效活性。如圖 15d
中所示,所有處理組均未顯示顯著體重減輕。如圖 15e
中所示,處理組之所有小鼠均顯示在裸小鼠中之抗癌活性低,且其中無一者實現ORR。此等結果表明,為了藉由GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與或不與抗PD-1抗體組合之組合方案實現對腫瘤生長之顯著抑制,具有功能性T細胞之免疫系統為必不可少的(圖 13
、14
及15
)。此亦表明,GNTbm-02加塞內昔布藉由調節TME中T細胞(CTL)之活化以殺傷癌細胞來抑制腫瘤生長。此抗癌活性係經由免疫調節作用而非細胞毒性作用。綜合而言,吾等確認GNTbm-02具有強效表觀遺傳免疫調節活性,且當與塞內昔布組合時,相比於單獨的GNTbm-02在調節TME方面更強效。
GNTbm
-
02
加塞內昔布之抗腫瘤活性與免疫抑制細胞之減少相關
已證明HDACi處理藉由降低Treg細胞活性及增強CD8 T細胞浸潤來改變TME。為了確定用GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理產生的對腫瘤生長之抑制作用是否與免疫反應增強相關,吾等檢測循環白血球群。在處理的最後一天(亦即在處理期之第16天),自攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠採集血液樣品且藉由FACS分析進行研究。吾等觀察到在用GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理後,循環血液中之淋巴球細胞顯著增加且顆粒球降低(圖 17a 及 c
)。然而,循環單核球細胞中不存在顯著差異(圖 17b
)。吾等亦觀察到在用GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理後,循環血液中之CD3+
T細胞顯著增加(圖 17d
)。在用抗PD-1或GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理後,觀察到CD8+
T細胞之適度增加(圖 17f
)。然而,循環CD4+
T細胞及Treg中不存在顯著差異(圖 17e
及g
)。除FoxP3+
Treg以外,亦存在其他免疫抑制骨髓細胞募集至TME,包括腫瘤相關巨噬細胞(TAM)及骨髓源性抑制細胞(MDSC)。在未成熟的骨髓細胞遷移至腫瘤時,此等細胞通常響應於自癌細胞釋放之趨化介素及細胞介素而激活變成TAM。MDSC自未成熟的骨髓細胞發育而來,且藉由抑制抗癌T細胞活性來促進TME中之免疫抑制。MDSC存在於兩個表型定義之亞群中:顆粒球Ly6G+
Ly6C-
(PMN-MDSC)及單核球Ly6C+
Ly6G-
MDSC (M-MDSC)。用GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理引起循環中表型定義之CD11b+
Ly6G+
Ly6C+
及M-MDSC的略微減少,而單獨用抗PD-1處理導致CD11b+
群體之減少(圖 17h
、i
及j
)。在用GNTbm-02加塞內昔布處理後,PMN-MDSC沒有減少(圖 17k
)。
概言之,由於免疫療法為用於抗癌療法,尤其用於治療晚期癌症之重要的有前景的領域,因此評定所主張之發明用於免疫療法中之潛在應用。當與GNTbm-02相比時,發現GNTbm-02與塞內昔布組合具有更強大的免疫調節活性,用於抑制腫瘤微環境(TME)中之腫瘤生長。此外,當GNTbm-02加塞內昔布與免疫檢查點抑制劑(諸如抗PD-1/抗PD-L1/抗CTLA-4抗體)組合使用時,顯示具有更強大的抗癌活性,經由歸因於抗PD-1/抗PD-L1/抗CTLA-4抗體阻斷CTL (細胞毒性T淋巴細胞)之抑制信號及GNTbm-02加塞內昔布在TME中之免疫調節活性的協同效應,顯著提高反應率。基於研究,GNTbm-02為一種新穎的表觀遺傳免疫調節劑,具有用於癌症治療之巨大潛力。此外,吾等對GNTbm化合物系列之免疫調節活性感興趣。吾等資料表明,GNTbm-02、GNTbm-03、GNTbm-04、GNTbm-06及GNTbm-38在與塞內昔布或瑞戈非尼組合時,非常強效地具有表觀遺傳免疫調節活性以控制TME。此等結果表明,GNTbm化合物系列為新穎且強大的表觀遺傳免疫調節劑。
上文提及之表提供如下:
表
1
:
化合物
GNTbm
-
01
、
GNTbm
-
02
及
GNTbm
-
03
之
1
H
-
NMR
及
13
C
-
NMR
譜研究
(
400
MHz
,
d6
-
丙酮
)
。
GNTbm-01 | GNTbm-02 | GNTbm-03 | ||||||
位置 | δH (J ,Hz) | 位置 | δH (J ,Hz) | 位置 | δH (J ,Hz) | |||
30 | CH3 | 2.46, s | 30 | CH3 | 2.46, s | 30 | CH3 | 2.46. s |
20 | CH2 | 3.52, d | 20 | CH2 | 3.45, d | 20 | CH2 | 3.39, d |
16 | NH2 | 4.95, br | 16 | NH2 | 4.90, br | 16 | NH2 | 4.90, br |
12 | CH | 6.39, td | 12 | CH | 6.45, m | 12 | CH | 6.39, td |
11,22,23 | CH | 6.59, m | 22,23 | CH | 6.55, m | 11,22,23 | CH | 6.56, m |
14,28 | CH | 7.21, t | 11 | CH | 6.66, dd | 14,28 | CH | 7.20, m |
5 | CH | 7.77, dd | 28 | CH | 7.19, d | 3, 5,29 | CH | 7.77, m |
2,6,29 | CH | 8.38, m | 14 | CH | 7.53, dd | 2,6 | CH | 8.00, m |
25 | CH | 8.92, s | 29 | CH | 7.76, dd | 25 | CH | 8.46, s |
18 | NH | 9.08, s | 5 | CH | 8.15, d | 18 | NH | 8.95,s |
8 | NH | 9.75, s | 6 | CH | 8.31, dd | 8 | NH | 9.46,s |
25 | CH | 8.47, d | ||||||
3 | CH | 8.91, s | ||||||
18 | NH | 9.66, s | ||||||
8 | NH | 9.72, s |
表 2 : 對 GNTbm - 02 、 GNTbm - 03 、 GNTbm - 04 及 GNTbm - 06 之飽和溶解度的分析
*BDL:低於偵測極限
化合物 | 飽和溶解度 (μg/mL) |
西達本胺 | BDL |
GNTbm-02 | 33.6 ± 6.4 |
GNTbm-03 | BDL |
GNTbm-04 | 7.2 ± 2.9 |
GNTbm-06 | BDL |
表 3 : 恩替諾特、 GNTbm - 01 、 GNTbm - 02 及 GNTbm - 03 針對不同癌症及正常細胞細胞株之 IC50 值。
IC50
,半最大細胞毒性濃度。
SD,標準差
±,為估計之IC50
區間
細胞株 | SK-BR-3 | M10 | MDA-MB-453 | MDA-MB-231 | SW48 |
恩替諾特(陽性對照) IC50 ± SD (μM) | 1.94 ±0.1 | 4.34 ±0.01 | 1.82 ±0.024 | 13.16 ± 1.34 | 5.21 ± 0.37 |
西達本胺(陽性對照) IC50 ± SD (μM) | 3.24 ±0.98 | 2.72 ±2.6 | 1.77 ±0.02 | 25.6 ±3.05 | 2.66 ±0.08 |
GNTbm-01 IC50 ± SD (μM) | 28.5 ± 1.85 | 24.8 ± 1.15 | 20.9 ± 4.44 | 49.8 ± 4.9 | >50 |
GNTbm-02 IC50 ± SD (μM) | 2 ±0.015 | 4.31 ±0.16 | 1.69 ±0.008 | 13.5 ± 1.78 | 2.51 ±0.11 |
GNTbm-03 IC50 ± SD (μM) | 4.07 ±0.68 | 6.1 ±0.134 | 1.81 ±0.008 | 26.7 ± 5.8 | 5.26 ±0.9 |
表
4
:
西達本胺、恩替諾特、
GNTbm
-
01
、
GNTbm
-
02
及
GNTbm
-
03
對個別
HDAC1
-
3
同功異型物之抑制作用。
化合物 | HDAC 1 IC50 , μM | HDAC 2 IC50 , μM | HDAC 3 IC50 , μM |
西達本胺 | 0.4 ±0.011 | 0.263 ± 0.009 | 0.69 ± 0.02 |
恩替諾特(陽性對照) | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ±0.06 | 0.98 ±0.19 |
GNTbm-01 | 6.77 ± 0.76 | 2.68 ± 0.2 | 2.75 ±0.13 |
GNTbm-02 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.67 ± 0.005 |
GNTbm-03 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.51 ±0.05 | 0.67 ± 0.06 |
表
5
:
恩替諾特及
GNTbm
-
02
對個別
HDAC1
-
11
同功異型物
(
不包括
HDAC10
)
之抑制作用
酶 | IC50 (μM) | |
GNTbm-02 | MS-275 (恩替諾特,陽性對照) | |
HDAC1 | 0.39 | 0.95 |
HDAC2 | 0.91 | ~ 2.3 |
HDAC3/NCOR2 | 0.73 | ~ 4.6 |
HDAC4 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 |
HDAC5 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 |
HDAC6 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 |
HDAC7 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 |
HDAC8 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下17%之抑制作用 |
HDAC9 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 |
HDAC11 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 | > 10 μM 10 μM下無抑制作用 |
表 6 : 用 GNTbm - 02 加塞內昔布與抗 PD - 1 抗體處理明顯誘導免疫記憶
+:腫瘤尺寸大於300 mm3
及≥2倍(相對於腫瘤再攻擊後7天量測之腫瘤尺寸標準化)
狀態 | 組 | 第40天 | 第43天 | 第47天 | 第50天 | ||||||
PD-1 | mm3 | 倍數變化 | mm3 | 倍數變化 | mm3 | 倍數變化 | mm3 | 倍數變化 | 評分 | 腫瘤進展(%) | |
CR | 31 | 52.06 | 1 | 48.33 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 0% (0/2) |
CR | 37 | 119.26 | 1 | 85.33 | 0.72 | 47.90 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
PD-1+GNTbm-02(25)+塞內昔布膠囊(50) | |||||||||||
CR | 54 | 52.69 | 1 | 64.24 | 1.22 | 20.58 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 0% (0/4) |
CR | 55 | 73.18 | 1 | 98.12 | 1.34 | 17.77 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
PR | 56 | 133.08 | 1 | 64.50 | 0.48 | 23.45 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
CR | 57 | 62.94 | 1 | 57.47 | 0.91 | 26.07 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
PD-1+GNTbm-02(12.5)+塞內昔布膠囊(50) | |||||||||||
CR | 61 | 42.53 | 1 | 42.92 | 1.01 | 40.68 | 0.96 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 29% (2/7) |
CR | 64 | 85.73 | 1 | 47.85 | 0.56 | 41.30 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
CR | 65 | 109.45 | 1 | 54.55 | 0.50 | 43.41 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
PR | 66 | 61.73 | 1 | 135.01 | 2.19 | 118.42 | 1.92 | 492.51 | 7.98 | + | |
PR | 68 | 101.19 | 1 | 96.71 | 0.96 | 110.46 | 1.09 | 291.76 | 2.88 | + | |
CR | 69 | 60.28 | 1 | 22.84 | 0.38 | 22.48 | 0.37 | 58.56 | 0.97 | - | |
CR | 70 | 79.08 | 1 | 57.91 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
GNTbm-02(25)+塞內昔布膠囊(50) | |||||||||||
PR | 74 | 69.04 | 1 | 34.31 | 0.50 | 29.31 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 17% (1/6) |
CR | 75 | 92.10 | 1 | 62.55 | 0.68 | 63.40 | 0.69 | 43.36 | 0.47 | - | |
PR | 76 | 69.64 | 1 | 38.35 | 0.55 | 25.11 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
PR | 78 | 143.14 | 1 | 172.17 | 1.20 | 225.62 | 1.58 | 483.98 | 3.38 | + | |
CR | 79 | 112.36 | 1 | 57.07 | 0.51 | 86.40 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | |
PR | 80 | 105.83 | 1 | 30.91 | 0.29 | 14.91 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - |
表 7 : 用 GNTbm - 02 與塞內昔布之組合處理明顯誘導免疫記憶。
+:腫瘤尺寸大於300 mm3
及≥2倍(相對於腫瘤再攻擊後7天量測之腫瘤尺寸標準化)
狀態 | 組 | 第40天 | 第50天 | ||||
mm3 | 倍數變化 | mm3 | 倍數變化 | 評分 | 腫瘤進展(%) | ||
GNTbm-02(10)+塞內昔布膠囊(50) | |||||||
PR | 21 | 84.12 | 1 | 32.26 | 0.38 | - | 14% (1/7) |
PR | 22 | 97.9 | 1 | 46.85 | 0.48 | - | |
PR | 24 | 131.26 | 1 | 87.34 | 0.67 | - | |
CR | 25 | 85.02 | 1 | 36.85 | 0.43 | - | |
PR | 26 | 82.04 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | |
PR | 28 | 116.9 | 1 | 343.76 | 2.94 | + | |
CR | 29 | 140.75 | 1 | 22.92 | 0.16 | - |
表 8 : 基於吡啶甲醯胺之 HDAC 抑制劑針對不同癌細胞株的 IC50 值。
IC50
,半最大細胞毒性濃度。
SD,標準差
±,為估計之IC50
區間
化合物 IC50 (μM) | 細胞株 | |||||
NCI-N87 | M10 | MDA-MB-453 | MDA-MB-231 | SW48 | SK-BR-3 | |
西達本胺 (陽性對照) | 3.09 ± 0.2 | 4.94 ± 0.87 | 1.36 ± 0.12 | 17.4 ± 1.98 | 5.43 ± 1.057 | 3.24 ± 0.98 |
恩替諾特 (陽性對照) | - | 4.34 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 0.02 | 13.16 ± 1.34 | 5.21 ± 0.37 | 1.94 ± 0.1 |
GNTbm-01 | - | 24.8 ± 1.15 | 20.9 ± 4.44 | 49.8 ± 4.9 | >50 | 28.5 ± 1.85 |
GNTbm-02 | 4.01 ± 0.49 | 4.31 ± 0.16 | 1.69 ± 0.01 | 13.5 ± 1.78 | 2.51 ± 0.11 | 2 ± 0.02 |
GNTbm-04 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 1.81 ± 0.06 | 1.59 ± 0.003 | 1.64 ± 0.004 | 0.6 ± 0.09 | - |
GNTbm-05 | 0.28± 0.01 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 1.58 ± 0.003 | 1.66 ± 0.02 | 1.64 ± 0.02 | - |
GNTbm-06 | 2.2 ± 0.03 | 1.95 ± 0.03 | 1.59 ± 0.01 | 3.87 ± 0.7 | 2.32 ± 0.08 | - |
GNTbm-08 | 15.5 ± 1.7 | 20.8 ± 0.14 | 3.78 ± 0.5 | >50 | 18.44 ± 1.0 | - |
GNTbm-11 | 1.87 ± 0.04 | 1.65 ± 0.2 | 2.28 ± 0.06 | 1.71 ± 0.04 | 2.6 ± 0.45 | - |
GNTbm-12 | >50 | 38.48 ± 5.9 | 15.8 ± 3.9 | >50 | >50 | - |
GNTbm-19 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 2.89 ± 0.12 | 1.81 ± 0.02 | 5.69 ± 1.7 | 8.73 ± 0.24 | - |
GNTbm-25 | >50 | >50 | 19.12 ± 2.07 | >50 | >50 | - |
化合物 IC50 (μM) | 細胞株 | |||||
NCI-N87 | M10 | MDA-MB-453 | MDA-MB-231 | SW48 | SK-BR-3 | |
西達本胺 (陽性對照) | 3.09 ± 0.2 | 4.94 ± 0.87 | 1.36 ± 0.12 | 17.4 ± 1.98 | 5.43 ± 1.06 | 3.24 ± 0.98 |
恩替諾特 (陽性對照) | - | 4.34 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 0.024 | 13.16 ± 1.34 | 5.21 ± 0.37 | 1.94 ± 0.1 |
GNTbm-03 | - | 6.1 ± 0.13 | 1.81 ± 0.01 | 26.7 ± 5.8 | 5.26 ± 0.9 | 4.07 ± 0.68 |
GNTbm-33 | 1.75 ± 0.02 | 2.01 ± 0.09 | 1.94 ± 0.22 | 1.62 ± 0.02 | 1.79 ± 0.03 | - |
GNTbm-37 | 10.65 ± 0.6 | 8.85 ± 0.59 | 4.89 ± 0.34 | 8.07 ± 0.54 | 21.3 ± 1.64 | - |
GNTbm-38 | 0.42 ± 0.08 | 1.99 ± 0.06 | 1.67 ± 0.01 | 3.55 ± 0.45 | 1.64 ± 0.005 | - |
GNTbm-39 | 0.64 ± 0.03 | 1.96 ± 0.02 | 1.84 ± 0.02 | 2.93 ± 0.45 | 1.73 ± 0.01 | - |
表 9 : 基於 苯甲醯胺 之 HDAC 抑制劑針對不同癌細胞株的 IC50 值。
IC50
,半最大細胞毒性濃度。
SD,標準差
±,為估計之IC50
區間
表
10
:
基於吡啶甲醯胺之化合物對個別
HDAC1
-
3
同功異型物之抑制作用。
化合物 IC50 (μM) | HDAC 1 | HDAC 2 | HDAC 3 |
西達本胺 (陽性對照) | 0.14 ± 0.004 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.62 ± 0.06 |
恩替諾特 (陽性對照) | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.19 |
GNTbm-01 | 6.77 ± 0.76 | 2.68 ± 0.2 | 2.75 ± 0.13 |
GNTbm-02 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.67 ± 0.005 |
GNTbm-04 | 0.38 ± 0.04 | 0.54 ± 0.007 | 0.20 ± 0.1 |
GNTbm-05 | 0.14 ± 0.002 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.001 ± 0.00004 |
GNTbm-06 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.009 ± 0.01 |
GNTbm-08 | 0.37 ± 0.31 | 1.54 ± 0.28 | 0.001 ± 0.00002 |
GNTbm-11 | >20 | >20 | 0.001 |
GNTbm-12 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
GNTbm-19 | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 1.42 ± 0.19 | 2.98 ± 0.08 |
GNTbm-25 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
表
11
:
基於
苯甲醯胺
之
化合物對個別
HDAC1
-
3
同功異型物之抑制作用
。
化合物 IC50 (μM) | HDAC 1 | HDAC 2 | HDAC 3 |
西達本胺 (陽性對照) | 0.14 ± 0.004 | 0.22 ± 0.037 | 0.62 ± 0.056 |
恩替諾特 (陽性對照) | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.19 |
GNTbm-03 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.67 ± 0.06 |
GNTbm-33 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
GNTbm-37 | 9.04 ± 0.6 | 3.15 ± 0.31 | 1.74 ± 0.29 |
GNTbm-38 | 0.69 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.01 |
GNTbm-39 | 3.7 ± 0.04 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.13 |
表
12
:
GNTbm
化合物系列誘導
SW48
細胞之細胞週期停滯於
G0
/
G1
或
G2
/
M
期。
化合物 | 處理劑量 (μM) | 細胞週期分佈百分比 (%) | ||
G0/G1 | S | G2/M | ||
西達本胺(陽性對照) | 0 | 64.7 | 17.9 | 17.4 |
0.3125 | 65.7 | 17.6 | 16.7 | |
0.625 | 68.1 | 14.4 | 17.5 | |
1.25 | 70.6 | 14.1 | 15.3 | |
2.5 | 76.5 | 10.8 | 12.7 | |
5 | 79.9 | 8.5 | 11.6 | |
GNTbm-04 | 0 | 59.5 | 14.7 | 25.8 |
0.125 | 56.9 | 17.9 | 25.2 | |
0.25 | 57.9 | 18.2 | 23.9 | |
0.5 | 63.2 | 17.5 | 19.3 | |
1 | 67.2 | 13.9 | 18.9 | |
2 | 70.5 | 10.8 | 18.7 | |
GNTbm-05 | 0 | 61.6 | 17.2 | 21.2 |
0.125 | 61.5 | 19.8 | 18.7 | |
0.25 | 57.8 | 19.3 | 22.9 | |
0.5 | 59.2 | 18.6 | 22.2 | |
1 | 55.4 | 12.8 | 31.8 | |
2 | 53.6 | 11.8 | 34.6 | |
GNTbm-38 | 0 | 64.7 | 17.9 | 17.4 |
0.125 | 63.3 | 19.3 | 17.4 | |
0.25 | 62.4 | 15.7 | 21.9 | |
0.5 | 61.8 | 10.4 | 27.8 | |
1 | 57.7 | 12.5 | 29.8 | |
2 | 53.9 | 13.6 | 32.5 | |
GNTbm-39 | 0 | 64.7 | 17.9 | 17.4 |
0.125 | 57.2 | 20.5 | 22.3 | |
0.25 | 57.8 | 17.7 | 24.5 | |
0.5 | 58.8 | 16.5 | 24.7 | |
1 | 46.5 | 20.7 | 32.8 | |
2 | 42.3 | 18.8 | 38.9 |
表
13
:
GNTbm
化合物系列誘導
SW48
細胞之細胞凋亡。
化合物 | 處理劑量 (μM) | 細胞凋亡百分比 (%) |
西達本胺 (陽性對照) | 0 | 3.2 |
0.3125 | 9.0 | |
0.625 | 10.2 | |
1.25 | 15.1 | |
2.5 | 21.2 | |
5 | 35.4 | |
GNTbm-04 | 0 | 2.6 |
0.125 | 2.9 | |
0.25 | 4.4 | |
0.5 | 10.8 | |
1 | 20.8 | |
2 | 32 | |
GNTbm-05 | 0 | 7.9 |
0.125 | 9.0 | |
0.25 | 14.4 | |
0.5 | 17.9 | |
1 | 27.2 | |
2 | 42.4 | |
GNTbm-38 | 0 | 3.2 |
0.125 | 8.5 | |
0.25 | 9.1 | |
0.5 | 18.3 | |
1 | 24.4 | |
2 | 37.3 | |
GNTbm-39 | 0 | 3.2 |
0.125 | 9.5 | |
0.25 | 10.8 | |
0.5 | 17.8 | |
1 | 25.4 | |
2 | 37.8 |
表
14
:
GNTbm
化合物系列與酪胺酸激酶抑制劑瑞戈非尼之組合在攜帶
CT26
腫瘤之小鼠模型中的功效。
實驗 方案 | 初始腫瘤體積 (mm3) | ORR (%) | PD | SD | PR | CR | ORR (%)& | PD& | SD& | PR& | CR& | 存活率 (%) | 復發率* (復發) | 免疫率# (再攻擊) | |||
實驗 1 | 245 | ||||||||||||||||
媒劑 | 0% | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | - | - | ||||
瑞戈非尼 | 11% | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 22% | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11% | 0% (0/1) | 100% (1/1) | ||||
西達本胺/k-30 | 11% | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0% | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 100% (1/1) | - | ||||
西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 30% | 0 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 40% | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 40% | 0% (0/3) | 100% (3/3) | ||||
GNTbm-02/k-30 | 0% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0% (0/0) | - | ||||
GNTbm-02/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 10% | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 10% | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 10% | 100% (1/1) | 100% (1/1) | ||||
GNTbm-03/k-30 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0% (0/0) | - | ||||
GNTbm-03/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 40% | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 30% | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 30% | 25% (1/4) | 100% (3/3) | ||||
GNTbm-04/k-30 | 10% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10% | 0% (0/1) | 100% (1/1) | ||||
GNTbm-04/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 50% | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 40% | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 40% | 20% (1/5) | 100% (4/4) | ||||
GNTbm-06/k-30 | 0% | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0% (0/0) | - | ||||
GNTbm-06/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 50% | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 50% | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 50% | 0% (0/5) | 100% (5/5) | ||||
實驗 2 | 192 | ||||||||||||||||
媒劑 | 0% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
瑞戈非尼 | 0% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
西達本胺/k-30 | 44% | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 33% | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | - | - | - | ||||
西達本胺/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 60% | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 60% | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-05/k-30 | 0% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-05/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 30% | 3 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 20% | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-11/k-30 | 11% | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-11/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 20% | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 20% | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-38/k-30 | 56% | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 56% | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-38/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 80% | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-39/k-30 | 0% | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
GNTbm-39/k-30與瑞戈非尼組合 | 30% | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 30% | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | ||||
*:復發定義為在第一次腫瘤評定後,具有CR或PR反應之小鼠的腫瘤生長至少5倍時。 | |||||||||||||||||
#:對CT26再攻擊具有抗性之小鼠。 | |||||||||||||||||
&:在第40天之第二次腫瘤評定 | |||||||||||||||||
本發明之一般熟習此項技術者應理解,在不脫離本申請案之精神及範疇的情況下,可對本發明之教示及揭示內容作出變化及修改。基於以上內容,本申請案意圖涵蓋其任何變化及修改,其限制條件為變化或修改屬於如隨附申請專利範圍或其等效物所定義之範疇內。
圖 1
顯示化合物GNTbm-01、GNTbm-02及GNTbm-03之結構。
圖 2
顯示NMR及高解析度MS譜:(a)化合物GNTbm-01之1
H-NMR譜資料,(b)化合物GNTbm-02之1
H-NMR譜資料,(c)化合物GNTbm-03之1
H-NMR譜資料,(d)化合物GNTbm-01之高解析度MS譜資料,(e)化合物GNTbm-02之高解析度MS譜資料,(f)化合物GNTbm-03之高解析度MS譜資料。
圖 3
顯示處理後藉由相位差光學顯微術觀察到的細胞形態:藉由相位差光學顯微術觀察細胞形態的變化。(a) MDA-MB-231細胞,(b) SW48細胞,(c) M10細胞。
圖 4
顯示GNTbm-02在MDA-MB-231細胞中誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期之評定結果:在用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特(Entinostat)以劑量依賴性及時間依賴性方式處理MDA-MB-231細胞後進行評定。細胞用PI染色,且藉由使用流式細胞儀,分析不同細胞週期階段中之細胞百分比。(a)及(b)劑量依賴性方式。(c)及(d)時間依賴性方式。
圖 5
顯示GNTbm-02在SW48細胞中誘導細胞週期停滯於G0/G1期之評定結果:在用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性及時間依賴性方式處理SW48細胞後進行評定。細胞用PI染色,且藉由使用流式細胞儀,分析不同細胞週期階段中之細胞百分比。(a)及(b)劑量依賴性方式。(c)及(d)時間依賴性方式。
圖 6
顯示GNTbm-02在M10細胞中誘導細胞週期停滯於G2/M期之評定結果:在用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性及時間依賴性方式處理M10細胞後進行評定。細胞用PI染色,且藉由使用流式細胞儀,分析不同細胞週期階段中之細胞百分比。(a)及(b)劑量依賴性方式。(c)及(d)時間依賴性方式。
圖 7
顯示GNTbm-02在MDA-MB-231細胞中誘導細胞凋亡之評定結果:在用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性及時間依賴性方式處理MDA-MB-231細胞後進行評定。細胞用PI染色,且藉由使用流式細胞儀,分析處於亞G1期之細胞百分比。(a)及(b)劑量依賴性方式。(c)及(d)時間依賴性方式。
圖 8
顯示GNTbm-02在SW48細胞中誘導細胞凋亡之評定結果:在用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性及時間依賴性方式處理SW48細胞後進行評定。細胞用PI染色,且藉由使用流式細胞儀,分析處於亞G1期之細胞百分比。(a)及(b)劑量依賴性方式。(c)及(d)時間依賴性方式。
圖 9
顯示GNTbm-02在M10細胞中誘導細胞凋亡之評定結果:在用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特以劑量依賴性及時間依賴性方式處理M10細胞後進行評定。細胞用PI染色,且藉由使用流式細胞儀,分析處於亞G1期之細胞百分比。(a)及(b)劑量依賴性方式。(c)及(d)時間依賴性方式。
圖 10
顯示用GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理之細胞中組蛋白H3之乙醯化水準的西方墨點分析結果:MDA-MB-231或SW48細胞中乙醯組蛋白H3、β-肌動蛋白之代表性免疫墨點分析。細胞用指定濃度之GNTbm-02及恩替諾特處理24小時。將對照細胞與媒劑一起培育。(a) (c)按指示用GNTbm-02或恩替諾特處理之MDA-MB-231或SW48細胞的提取物藉由SDS-PAGE解析,隨後在用針對組蛋白H3乙醯化(AcH3)之抗體偵測後進行西方墨點法及免疫染色。(b) (d) AcH3蛋白表現量之定量相對於β-肌動蛋白進行標準化,顯示為倍數變化。
圖 11
示出藉由GNTbm-02 I類HDAC抑制劑誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化之時程:MDA-MB-231或SW48細胞用濃度為1 μM之GNTbm-02處理2、6、24、48、72小時。(a) (c)按指示用GNTbm-02處理之MDA-MB-231或SW48細胞的提取物藉由SDS-PAGE解析,隨後在用針對組蛋白H3乙醯化(AcH3)之抗體偵測後進行西方墨點法及免疫染色。(b) (d) AcH3蛋白表現量之定量相對於β-肌動蛋白進行標準化,顯示為倍數變化。
圖 12
顯示用GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-06、GNTbm-11、GNTbm-38、GNTbm-39及西達本胺(Chidamide) (作為陽性對照)處理之細胞中組蛋白H3之乙醯化水準的西方墨點分析結果:SW48細胞中乙醯組蛋白H3、β-肌動蛋白之代表性免疫墨點分析。細胞用指定濃度之化合物處理24小時。將對照細胞與媒劑一起培育。(a)按指示用GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-11及西達本胺處理之SW48細胞的提取物藉由SDS-PAGE解析,隨後在用針對組蛋白H3乙醯化(AcH3)之抗體偵測後進行西方墨點法及免疫染色。(b)按指示用GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-06及西達本胺處理之SW48細胞的提取物藉由SDS-PAGE解析,隨後在用針對組蛋白H3乙醯化(AcH3)之抗體偵測後進行西方墨點法及免疫染色。(c)按指示用GNTbm-04、GNTbm-05、GNTbm-38、GNTbm-39及西達本胺處理之SW48細胞的提取物藉由SDS-PAGE解析,隨後在用針對組蛋白H3乙醯化(AcH3)之抗體偵測後進行西方墨點法及免疫染色。所有此等資料表示相對於β-肌動蛋白標準化之AcH3蛋白表現量的定量,顯示為倍數變化。
圖 13
顯示GNTbm-02加塞內昔布(Celecoxib)在各種劑量下與抗PD-1抗體組合在攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠中之治療反應的評定結果:按指示用不同治療模式處理攜帶CT26腫瘤之BALB/c小鼠。IgG,抗IgG對照(2.5 mg/kg);PD-1,抗PD-1單株抗體(2.5 mg/kg);塞內昔布(50 mg/kg);GNTbm-02 (12.5、25 mg/kg)。記錄總腫瘤體積(a)及(b),個別腫瘤體積(c),小鼠體重(d)及存活率(e)。在腫瘤植入後,按指示處理攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠,且當腫瘤體積達到3000 mm3
時實施安樂死。資料以平均值±SEM給出;*P
< 0.05,**P
< 0.01,***P
< 0.001,使用Tukey檢驗之單向ANOVA。Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon檢驗(e)。*,與IgG對照相比。#,與PD-1組相比。
圖 14
顯示GNTbm化合物系列在攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠中之組合療法反應的評定。按指示用不同治療模式處理攜帶CT26腫瘤之BALB/c小鼠。IgG,抗IgG對照(2.5 mg/kg);PD-1,抗PD-1單株抗體(2.5 mg/kg);西達本胺(50 mg/kg);塞內昔布(50 mg/kg);GNTbm-02 (5、10、20、25、50 mg/kg);GNTbm-03 (50 mg/kg);GNTbm-04 (50 mg/kg);GNTbm-06 (50 mg/kg);瑞戈非尼(Regorafenib) (30 mg/kg)。記錄總腫瘤體積(a)、(b)、(f)、(j)、(n)、(r),個別腫瘤體積(c)、(g)、(k)、(o)、(s),小鼠體重(d)、(h),(l)、(p)、(t),及存活率(e)、(i)、(m)、(q)、(u)。在腫瘤植入後,按指示處理攜帶CT26腫瘤之小鼠,且當腫瘤體積達到3000 mm3
時實施安樂死。資料以平均值±SEM給出;使用Tukey檢驗之單向ANOVA (相對於抗IgG對照,*P
< 0.05,**P
< 0.01,***P
< 0.001)。Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon檢驗(e)。
圖 15
顯示攜帶CT26腫瘤之BALB/c裸小鼠用不同治療模式處理之處理結果:抗IgG對照(2.5 mg/kg);抗PD-1單株抗體(2.5 mg/kg);塞內昔布(50 mg/kg);GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)。(a) CT26腫瘤及不同處理組(每組n
= 6隻小鼠)之皮下注射方案。(b)總腫瘤體積。(c)腫瘤體積倍數變化。(d)小鼠體重。(e)個別腫瘤體積。在腫瘤植入後,按指示處理攜帶CT26腫瘤之裸小鼠,且當腫瘤體積達到3000 mm3
時實施安樂死。
圖 16
顯示GNTbm-02抑制HDAC3酶活性之作用:(a)在2 μM之GNTbm-02、西達本胺或恩替諾特與HDAC3酶(包括分析緩衝液)培育20分鐘、40分鐘及60分鐘後進行評定。顯示GNTbm-02與HDAC3結合,且相比恩替諾特更強地抑制HDAC3。(b)在2 μM之GNTbm-02、GNTbm-03或GNTbm-01與HDAC3酶(包括分析緩衝液)培育20分鐘、40分鐘及60分鐘後進行評定。顯示GNTbm-02與HDAC3結合,且相比GNTbm-03及GNTbm-01更強地抑制HDAC3。
圖 17
顯示GNTbm-02 (10 mg/kg)加塞內昔布(50 mg/kg)調節攜帶CT26之模型的單核細胞及T細胞反應:攜帶CT26腫瘤之BALB/c小鼠用指定治療模式處理,隨後進行FACS分析以評定循環免疫細胞。顯示平均值及SD,其中指示P值。在攜帶CT26之小鼠處理後第16天分離血液樣品。(a)循環淋巴細胞之FACS結果。(b)循環單核球細胞之FACS結果。(c)循環顆粒球細胞之FACS結果。(d)循環CD3+
T細胞之FACS結果。(e)循環CD4+
T細胞之FACS結果。(f)循環CD8+
T細胞之FACS結果。(g)循環Treg細胞之FACS結果。(h)循環CD11b+
細胞之FACS結果。(i)循環M-MDSC (CD11b+
Ly6C+
)細胞之FACS結果。(j)循環CD11b+
Ly6G+
Ly6C+
細胞之FACS結果。(k)循環PMN-MDSC (CD11b+
Ly6G+
Ly6C-
)細胞之FACS結果。顯示每組n
= 8-12隻小鼠之平均值±SD。單向ANOVA及Dunnett多重比較檢驗(相對於IgG對照,* p < 0 . 05 , ** p < 0 . 01 , *** p < 0 . 001
)。
Claims (19)
- 如請求項1之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,其中Ar係選自六員環,且R2及Ar連接至C2的原子處於對位。
- 如請求項1之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,其中W及Y係選自以下組合:(1)W為N且Y為CH,(2)W為CH且Y為N,及(3)W及Y為CH。
- 如請求項1之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,其中W為N且Y為CH。
- 如請求項1之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,其中R1為F或氟化C1-C3烷基。
- 如請求項1之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,其中R2為C1-C3烷基或氟化C1-C3烷基。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至8中任一項之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項9之醫藥組合物,其進一步包含一或多種第二藥劑。
- 如請求項10之醫藥組合物,其中該第二藥劑為NSAID或抗癌劑或其組合。
- 如請求項11之醫藥組合物,其中該抗癌劑為免疫檢查點抑制劑、TKI或其組合。
- 一種醫藥組合,其包含如請求項1至8中任一項之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或該化合物或鹽之水合物或立體異構體,及一或多種第二藥劑。
- 如請求項13之醫藥組合,其中該第二藥劑為NSAID或抗癌劑或其組合。
- 如請求項14之醫藥組合,其中該抗癌劑為免疫檢查點抑制劑、TKI或其組合。
- 一種如請求項9至12中任一項之醫藥組合物或如請求項13至15中任一 項醫藥組合之用途,其用於製造用於有需要之個體之腫瘤微環境(TME)之表觀遺傳免疫調節的藥物。
- 一種如請求項9至12中任一項之醫藥組合物或如請求項13至15中任一項醫藥組合之用途,其用於製造用於有需要之個體之癌症治療的藥物。
- 如請求項16或17之用途,其中該藥物用於誘導腫瘤細胞之細胞週期停滯、誘導腫瘤細胞之凋亡、誘導組蛋白H3乙醯化、誘導免疫記憶、活化CTL、減少免疫抑制細胞。
- 一種如請求項9至12之醫藥組合物或如請求項13至15中任一項之醫藥組合之用途,其用於製造用於治療或預防有需要之個體之與I類HDAC相關之疾病的藥物。
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