TWI844394B - Electronic device with battery management - Google Patents
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本發明係有關於一種電子裝置及其供電方法,特別係有關於一種利用兩個以上電池進行供電之電子裝置以及切換不同電池進行供電之供電方法。 The present invention relates to an electronic device and a power supply method thereof, and in particular to an electronic device that uses two or more batteries for power supply and a power supply method that switches between different batteries for power supply.
鋰離子電池的能量密度高,可以儲存更多的電量,並且鋰離子電池的壽命較長,可以進行多次充放電,但放電功率較為一般,往往需要採用多顆並聯的方式才能提高放電功率。其他的鋰電池,如鋰鐡電池,放電功率係為鋰離子電池之放電功率之8~10倍,亦即可輸出較高的瞬間電流,更適合用於高放電需求的情境,如爬坡時高瞬間電流允許馬達產生更大的扭力。若能騎乘在一般道路使用鋰離子電池以獲取最大的電量,需要高扭力時使用具有高放電特性之鋰鐵電池或其他電池,更能將馬達的特性發揮得更加淋漓極致。 Lithium-ion batteries have high energy density and can store more electricity. They also have a longer lifespan and can be charged and discharged multiple times, but their discharge power is relatively low, and they often need to be connected in parallel to increase the discharge power. Other lithium batteries, such as lithium-iron batteries, have a discharge power that is 8 to 10 times that of lithium-ion batteries, which means they can output higher instantaneous currents and are more suitable for situations with high discharge requirements, such as when climbing a hill, high instantaneous currents allow the motor to generate greater torque. If you can use lithium-ion batteries on ordinary roads to obtain the maximum amount of electricity, and use lithium-iron batteries or other batteries with high discharge characteristics when high torque is required, the characteristics of the motor can be brought into full play.
市面上的電動輔助自行車一般都會掛載一顆電池做為動力供給使用,然而為了增加騎乘里程,往往會再額外增加另 一顆電池。由於不同的電池類型具有不同的效能以及電壓值,使得兩顆甚至兩顆以上的電池可能無法並聯使用,而須進行切換。因此,控制器需要根據不同的情況,而選用適合的電池進行供電。 Electric assisted bicycles on the market are generally equipped with a battery as a power supply. However, in order to increase the riding mileage, another battery is often added. Since different battery types have different performance and voltage values, two or more batteries may not be used in parallel and must be switched. Therefore, the controller needs to select a suitable battery for power supply according to different situations.
本發明在此提出了利用兩個以上電池進行供電之電子裝置以及切換不同電池進行供電之供電方法,透過利用依序導通以及不導通電池供電的電晶體,平順地自一電池供電切換至另一電池進行供電。此外,也可根據電池狀態及/或輸出電流,而切換至較適合的電池進行供電,以維持較佳的電源品質。 The present invention proposes an electronic device powered by two or more batteries and a power supply method for switching between different batteries. By using transistors that sequentially conduct and non-conduct the batteries, power supply can be smoothly switched from one battery to another. In addition, power supply can be switched to a more suitable battery according to the battery status and/or output current to maintain better power quality.
有鑑於此,本發明提出一種電子裝置,包括一第一電池、一第二電池、一第一電晶體、一第二電晶體、一第三電晶體、一第四電晶體以及一控制器。上述第一電池具有一第一電池電壓,上述第二電池具有一第二電池電壓。上述第一電晶體電性連接於一供應電壓以及一第一節點之間,且包括一第一寄生二極體。上述第二電晶體電性連接於上述第一節點以及上述第一電池之間,且包括一第二寄生二極體,其中上述第一寄生二極體以及上述第二寄生二極體用以將上述第一電池電壓以及上述供應電壓之最大者,提供至上述第一節點。上述第三電晶體電性連接於上述供應電壓以及一第二節點之間,且包括一第三寄生二極體。上述第四電晶體電性連接於上述第二節點以及上述第二電池之間,且包括一第四寄生二極體,其中上述第三寄生二極體以及上述第四寄生二極體用以將上述第二 電池電壓以及上述供應電壓之最大者,提供至上述第二節點。上述控制器依序不導通上述第二電晶體、導通上述第三電晶體、不導通上述第一電晶體以及導通上述第四電晶體,而將上述供應電壓自上述第一電池電壓切換至上述第二電池電壓。 In view of this, the present invention proposes an electronic device, including a first battery, a second battery, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor and a controller. The first battery has a first battery voltage, and the second battery has a second battery voltage. The first transistor is electrically connected between a supply voltage and a first node, and includes a first parasitic diode. The second transistor is electrically connected between the first node and the first battery, and includes a second parasitic diode, wherein the first parasitic diode and the second parasitic diode are used to provide the maximum of the first battery voltage and the supply voltage to the first node. The third transistor is electrically connected between the supply voltage and a second node, and includes a third parasitic diode. The fourth transistor is electrically connected between the second node and the second battery, and includes a fourth parasitic diode, wherein the third parasitic diode and the fourth parasitic diode are used to provide the maximum of the second battery voltage and the supply voltage to the second node. The controller sequentially turns off the second transistor, turns on the third transistor, turns off the first transistor, and turns on the fourth transistor, thereby switching the supply voltage from the first battery voltage to the second battery voltage.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述第一電晶體包括一第一第一端、一第一第二端以及一第一控制端,上述第一寄生二極體包括一第一陽極端以及一第一陰極端,其中上述第一陽極端電性連接至上述第一第一端,上述第一陰極端電性連接至上述第一第二端。上述第二電晶體包括一第二第一端、一第二第二端以及一第二控制端,上述第二寄生二極體包括一第二陽極端以及一第二陰極端,其中上述第二陽極端電性連接至上述第二第一端,上述第二陰極端電性連接至上述第二第二端。上述第三電晶體包括一第三第一端、一第三第二端以及一第三控制端,上述第三寄生二極體包括一第三陽極端以及一第三陰極端,其中上述第三陽極端電性連接至上述第三第一端,上述第三陰極端電性連接至上述第三第二端。上述第四電晶體包括一第四第一端、一第四第二端以及一第四控制端,上述第四寄生二極體包括一第四陽極端以及一第四陰極端,其中上述第四陽極端電性連接至上述第四第一端,上述第四陰極端電性連接至上述第四第二端。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first transistor includes a first first terminal, a first second terminal and a first control terminal, and the first parasitic diode includes a first anode terminal and a first cathode terminal, wherein the first anode terminal is electrically connected to the first first terminal, and the first cathode terminal is electrically connected to the first second terminal. The second transistor includes a second first terminal, a second second terminal and a second control terminal, and the second parasitic diode includes a second anode terminal and a second cathode terminal, wherein the second anode terminal is electrically connected to the second first terminal, and the second cathode terminal is electrically connected to the second second terminal. The third transistor includes a third first terminal, a third second terminal and a third control terminal, and the third parasitic diode includes a third anode terminal and a third cathode terminal, wherein the third anode terminal is electrically connected to the third first terminal, and the third cathode terminal is electrically connected to the third second terminal. The fourth transistor includes a fourth first terminal, a fourth second terminal and a fourth control terminal, and the fourth parasitic diode includes a fourth anode terminal and a fourth cathode terminal, wherein the fourth anode terminal is electrically connected to the fourth first terminal, and the fourth cathode terminal is electrically connected to the fourth second terminal.
根據本發明之一實施例,當上述第二電晶體先不導通時,上述第二寄生二極體用以避免上述供應電壓對上述第一電池進行充電。當上述第二電晶體不導通後上述第三電晶體接著導通時, 上述第四寄生二極體用以避免上述供應電壓對上述第二電池進行充電。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the second transistor is not conducting first, the second parasitic diode is used to prevent the supply voltage from charging the first battery. When the third transistor is then conducting after the second transistor is not conducting, the fourth parasitic diode is used to prevent the supply voltage from charging the second battery.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述電子裝置更包括一電壓偵測電路。上述電壓偵測電路包括一第一電阻、一第二電阻、一第五電晶體、一第三電阻、一第四電阻以及一第六電晶體。上述第一電阻電性連接於上述第一電池電壓以及一第一偵測電壓之間。上述第二電阻電性連接至上述第一偵測電壓。上述第五電晶體根據一第一讀取信號,而將上述第二電阻電性連接至一接地端。上述第三電阻電性連接於上述第二電池電壓以及一第二偵測電壓之間。上述第四電阻電性連接至上述第二偵測電壓。上述第六電晶體根據一第二讀取信號,而將上述第四電阻電性連接至上述接地端。上述控制器利用上述第一讀取信號以及上述第二讀取信號,而控制上述電壓偵測電路產生上述第一偵測電壓以及上述第二偵測電壓。上述控制器根據上述第一偵測電壓而判斷上述第一電池電壓,且根據上述第二偵測電壓而判斷上述第二電池電壓。當上述控制器判斷上述第二電池電壓超過上述第一電池電壓時,上述控制器將上述供應電壓自上述第一電池電壓切換至上述第二電池電壓。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device further includes a voltage detection circuit. The voltage detection circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a fifth transistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a sixth transistor. The first resistor is electrically connected between the first battery voltage and a first detection voltage. The second resistor is electrically connected to the first detection voltage. The fifth transistor electrically connects the second resistor to a ground terminal according to a first read signal. The third resistor is electrically connected between the second battery voltage and a second detection voltage. The fourth resistor is electrically connected to the second detection voltage. The sixth transistor electrically connects the fourth resistor to the ground terminal according to a second read signal. The controller uses the first read signal and the second read signal to control the voltage detection circuit to generate the first detection voltage and the second detection voltage. The controller determines the first battery voltage based on the first detection voltage and determines the second battery voltage based on the second detection voltage. When the controller determines that the second battery voltage exceeds the first battery voltage, the controller switches the supply voltage from the first battery voltage to the second battery voltage.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述供應電壓用以對一馬達驅動電路供電,其中上述馬達驅動電路根據上述供應電壓而驅動一馬達。上述控制器更讀取上述第一電池以及上述第二電池之電池資訊並且偵測上述供應電壓之一輸出電流。當上述輸出電流超過一既定電流時,上述控制器利用上述第一電晶體、上述第二電晶體、 上述第三電晶體以及上述第四電晶體,而將上述第二電池電壓輸出為上述供應電壓。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the supply voltage is used to supply power to a motor drive circuit, wherein the motor drive circuit drives a motor according to the supply voltage. The controller further reads the battery information of the first battery and the second battery and detects an output current of the supply voltage. When the output current exceeds a predetermined current, the controller uses the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor and the fourth transistor to output the second battery voltage as the supply voltage.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述電子裝置更包括一電流偵測電路。上述電流偵測電路用以偵測上述輸出電流而產生一電流偵測信號。上述控制器根據上述電流偵測信號而判斷上述輸出電流是否超過上述既定電流。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device further includes a current detection circuit. The current detection circuit is used to detect the output current and generate a current detection signal. The controller determines whether the output current exceeds the predetermined current based on the current detection signal.
本發明更提出一種供電方法,用以切換一第一電池之一第一電池電壓以及一第二電池之一第二電池電壓之一者對一供應電壓供電。一第一電晶體電性連接於上述供應電壓以及一第一節點之間,一第二電晶體電性連接於上述第一節點以及上述第一電池之間,一第三電晶體電性連接於上述供應電壓以及一第二節點之間,一第四電晶體電性連接於上述第二節點以及上述第二電池之間。上述供電方法包括:利用上述第一電池對上述供應電壓進行供電;判斷是否切換至上述第二電池進行供電;當判斷切換至上述第二電池時,先不導通上述第二電晶體;當上述第二電晶體不導通時,再導通上述第三電晶體;當上述第三電晶體導通時,再不導通上述第一電晶體;以及當上述第一電晶體不導通時,再導通上述第四電晶體,使得上述第二電池對上述供應電壓進行供電。 The present invention further provides a power supply method for switching between a first battery voltage of a first battery and a second battery voltage of a second battery to supply a supply voltage. A first transistor is electrically connected between the supply voltage and a first node, a second transistor is electrically connected between the first node and the first battery, a third transistor is electrically connected between the supply voltage and a second node, and a fourth transistor is electrically connected between the second node and the second battery. The power supply method includes: using the first battery to supply the supply voltage; determining whether to switch to the second battery for power supply; when determining to switch to the second battery, first turning off the second transistor; when the second transistor is not conducting, then turning on the third transistor; when the third transistor is conducting, then turning off the first transistor; and when the first transistor is not conducting, then turning on the fourth transistor, so that the second battery supplies the supply voltage.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述第一電晶體更包括一第一寄生二極體,且包括一第一陽極端以及一第一陰極端,其中上述第一陽極端電性連接至上述第一第一端,上述第一陰極端電性連接至上述第一第二端。上述第二電晶體更包括一第二寄生二極體, 且包括一第二陽極端以及一第二陰極端,其中上述第二陽極端電性連接至上述第二第一端,上述第二陰極端電性連接至上述第二第二端。上述第三電晶體更包括一第三寄生二極體,且包括一第三陽極端以及一第三陰極端,其中上述第三陽極端電性連接至上述第三第一端,上述第三陰極端電性連接至上述第三第二端。上述第四電晶體更包括一第四寄生二極體,且包括一第四陽極端以及一第四陰極端,其中上述第四陽極端電性連接至上述第四第一端,上述第四陰極端電性連接至上述第四第二端。上述第二電晶體先不導通,使得上述第二寄生二極體避免上述供應電壓對上述第二電池進行充電使得上述第二寄生二極體避免上述供應電壓對上述第二電池進行充電。當上述第二電晶體不導通且上述第三電晶體導通時,上述第二寄生二極體以及上述第四寄生二極體用以選擇上述第一電池以及上述第二電池中具有最高電壓者對上述供應電壓進行供電。透過上述第一控制端、上述第二控制端、上述第三控制端以及上述第四控制端,而控制上述第一電晶體、上述第二電晶體、上述第三電晶體以及上述第四電晶體導通或不導通。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first transistor further includes a first parasitic diode, and includes a first anode terminal and a first cathode terminal, wherein the first anode terminal is electrically connected to the first first terminal, and the first cathode terminal is electrically connected to the first second terminal. The second transistor further includes a second parasitic diode, and includes a second anode terminal and a second cathode terminal, wherein the second anode terminal is electrically connected to the second first terminal, and the second cathode terminal is electrically connected to the second second terminal. The third transistor further includes a third parasitic diode, and includes a third anode terminal and a third cathode terminal, wherein the third anode terminal is electrically connected to the third first terminal, and the third cathode terminal is electrically connected to the third second terminal. The fourth transistor further includes a fourth parasitic diode, and includes a fourth anode terminal and a fourth cathode terminal, wherein the fourth anode terminal is electrically connected to the fourth first terminal, and the fourth cathode terminal is electrically connected to the fourth second terminal. The second transistor is not turned on first, so that the second parasitic diode prevents the supply voltage from charging the second battery. When the second transistor is not turned on and the third transistor is turned on, the second parasitic diode and the fourth parasitic diode are used to select the one with the highest voltage between the first battery and the second battery to supply the supply voltage. Through the first control end, the second control end, the third control end and the fourth control end, the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor and the fourth transistor are controlled to be conductive or non-conductive.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述判斷是否切換至上述第二電池進行供電之步驟更包括:偵測上述第一電池之上述第一電池電壓;偵測上述第二電池之上述第二電池電壓;以及當上述第一電池電壓小於上述第二電池電壓時,判斷切換至上述第二電池進行供電。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining whether to switch to the second battery for power supply further includes: detecting the first battery voltage of the first battery; detecting the second battery voltage of the second battery; and when the first battery voltage is less than the second battery voltage, determining to switch to the second battery for power supply.
根據本發明之一實施例,上述供應電壓係用以對一馬達驅動電路進行供電,其中上述馬達驅動電路根據上述供應電壓而驅動一馬達,其中上述供電方法更包括:判斷上述供應電壓之一輸出電流是否超過一既定電流;當判斷上述輸出電流超過上述既定電流時,先不導通上述第二電晶體,再導通上述第三電晶體,接著再不導通上述第一電晶體,隨後再導通上述第四電晶體,使得上述第二電池對上述供應電壓進行供電;當上述輸出電流不低於上述既定電流時,繼續利用上述第二電池進行供電;當利用上述第二電池進行供電時,判斷上述輸出電流是否低於上述既定電流;當上述輸出電流低於上述既定電流時,利用上述第一電池進行供電;當上述輸出電流不低於上述既定電流時,繼續利用上述第二電池進行供電;判斷是否停止驅動上述馬達;當判斷不停止驅動上述馬達時,執行上述判斷上述供應電壓之上述輸出電流是否超過上述既定電流之步驟;以及當判斷停止驅動上述馬達時,結束上述供電方法。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the supply voltage is used to supply power to a motor driving circuit, wherein the motor driving circuit drives a motor according to the supply voltage, wherein the power supply method further includes: determining whether an output current of the supply voltage exceeds a predetermined current; when it is determined that the output current exceeds the predetermined current, first turning off the second transistor, then turning on the third transistor, then turning off the first transistor, and then turning on the fourth transistor, so that the second battery supplies power to the supply voltage; when the output current is not less than the predetermined current, When the above-mentioned second battery is used for power supply, it is determined whether the above-mentioned output current is lower than the above-mentioned predetermined current when the above-mentioned second battery is used for power supply; when the above-mentioned output current is lower than the above-mentioned predetermined current, the above-mentioned first battery is used for power supply; when the above-mentioned output current is not lower than the above-mentioned predetermined current, the above-mentioned second battery is used for power supply; it is determined whether to stop driving the above-mentioned motor; when it is determined that the above-mentioned motor is not stopped, the above-mentioned step of determining whether the above-mentioned output current of the above-mentioned supply voltage exceeds the above-mentioned predetermined current is executed; and when it is determined that the above-mentioned motor is stopped from being driven, the above-mentioned power supply method is terminated.
100,500:電子裝置 100,500: Electronic devices
110:第一電池 110: First Battery
120:第二電池 120: Second battery
130:控制器 130: Controller
140:電壓轉換電路 140: Voltage conversion circuit
150,200:電壓偵測電路 150,200: Voltage detection circuit
160:電流偵測電路 160: Current detection circuit
300,600,700:供電方法 300,600,700: Power supply method
400:波形圖 400: Waveform
510:馬達驅動電路 510: Motor drive circuit
520:馬達 520: Motor
Q1:第一電晶體 Q1: First transistor
Q2:第二電晶體 Q2: Second transistor
Q3:第三電晶體 Q3: The third transistor
Q4:第四電晶體 Q4: The fourth transistor
Q5:第五電晶體 Q5: The fifth transistor
Q6:第六電晶體 Q6: The sixth transistor
D1:第一二極體 D1: First diode
D2:第二二極體 D2: Second diode
VBAT1:第一電池電壓 VBAT1: First battery voltage
VBAT2:第二電池電壓 VBAT2: Second battery voltage
VDD:供應電壓 VDD: supply voltage
VDI:內部供應電壓 VDI: Internal supply voltage
VD1:第一偵測電壓 VD1: First detection voltage
VD2:第二偵測電壓 VD2: Second detection voltage
N1:第一節點 N1: First node
N2:第二節點 N2: Second node
G1:第一控制端 G1: First control terminal
G2:第二控制端 G2: Second control terminal
G3:第三控制端 G3: The third control terminal
G4:第四控制端 G4: The fourth control terminal
PD1:第一寄生二極體 PD1: First parasitic diode
PD2:第二寄生二極體 PD2: Second parasitic diode
PD3:第三寄生二極體 PD3: The third parasitic diode
PD4:第四寄生二極體 PD4: Fourth parasitic diode
NA1:第一陽極端 NA1: First anode end
NA2:第二陽極端 NA2: Second anode end
NA3:第三陽極端 NA3: Third Anode End
NA4:第四陽極端 NA4: Fourth Anode
NC1:第一陰極端 NC1: First cathode end
NC2:第二陰極端 NC2: Second cathode terminal
NC3:第三陰極端 NC3: Third cathode terminal
NC4:第四陰極端 NC4: Fourth cathode terminal
SD1:第一讀取信號 SD1: First read signal
SD2:第二讀取信號 SD2: Second read signal
SG1:第一控制信號 SG1: First control signal
SG2:第二控制信號 SG2: Second control signal
SG3:第三控制信號 SG3: The third control signal
SG4:第四控制信號 SG4: Fourth control signal
SCD:電流偵測信號 SCD: Current detection signal
IOUT:輸出電流 IOUT: output current
R1:第一電阻 R1: first resistor
R2:第二電阻 R2: Second resistor
R3:第三電阻 R3: The third resistor
R4:第四電阻 R4: The fourth resistor
ST1:第一階段 ST1: Phase 1
ST2:第二階段 ST2: The second stage
ST3:第三階段 ST3: The third stage
ST4:第四階段 ST4: The fourth stage
ST5:第五階段 ST5: The fifth stage
ST6:第六階段 ST6: The sixth stage
ST7:第七階段 ST7: The seventh stage
VF:順向導通電壓 VF: Forward conduction voltage
SMT:馬達控制信號 SMT: Motor control signal
S301~S313,S601~S608,S701~S708:步驟流程 S301~S313,S601~S608,S701~S708: Step flow
第1圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之電子裝置之方塊圖;第2圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之電壓偵測電路之電路圖;第3圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之供電方法之流程圖;第4圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之供應電壓之波形圖; 第5圖係顯示根據本發明之另一實施例所述之電子裝置之方塊圖;第6圖係顯示根據本發明之另一實施例所述之供電方法之流程圖;以及第7圖係顯示根據本發明之又一實施例所述之供電方法之流程圖。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a power supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of a supply voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a power supply method according to another embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a power supply method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
以下說明為本揭露的實施例。其目的是要舉例說明本揭露一般性的原則,不應視為本揭露之限制,本揭露之範圍當以申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 The following description is an example of the present disclosure. Its purpose is to illustrate the general principles of the present disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure shall be based on the scope of the patent application.
第1圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之電子裝置之方塊圖。如第1圖所示,電子裝置100包括第一電池110、第二電池120、第一電晶體Q1、第二電晶體Q2、第三電晶體Q3、第四電晶體Q4、控制器130、第一二極體D1、第二二極體D2以及電壓轉換電路140。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the
第一電池110具有第一電池電壓VBAT1,第二電池120具有第二電池電壓VBAT2。根據本發明之其他實施例,電子裝置100也可包括複數顆電池,在此係以二顆電池進行說明解釋,並未以任何形式限定於此。
The
第一電晶體Q1電性連接於供應電壓VDD以及第一節點N1之間,且包括第一控制端G1以及第一寄生二極體PD1,其中第一寄生二極體PD1包括第一陽極端NA1以及第一陰極端NC1,第 一陽極端NA1電性連接至供應電壓VDD,第一陰極端NC1電性連接至第一節點N1。 The first transistor Q1 is electrically connected between the supply voltage VDD and the first node N1, and includes a first control terminal G1 and a first parasitic diode PD1, wherein the first parasitic diode PD1 includes a first anode terminal NA1 and a first cathode terminal NC1, the first anode terminal NA1 is electrically connected to the supply voltage VDD, and the first cathode terminal NC1 is electrically connected to the first node N1.
第二電晶體Q2電性連接於第一節點N1以及第一電池110之間,且包括第二控制端G2以及第二寄生二極體PD2。第二寄生二極體PD2包括第二陽極端NA2以及第二陰極端NC2,其中第二陽極端NA2電性連接至第一節點N1,第二陰極端NC2電性連接至第一電池110。
The second transistor Q2 is electrically connected between the first node N1 and the
第三電晶體Q3電性連接於供應電壓VDD以及第二節點N2之間,且包括第三控制端G3以及第三寄生二極體PD3。第三寄生二極體PD3包括第三陽極端NA3以及第三陰極端NC3,其中第三陽極端NA3電性連接至供應電壓VDD,第三陰極端NC3電性連接至第二節點N2。 The third transistor Q3 is electrically connected between the supply voltage VDD and the second node N2, and includes a third control terminal G3 and a third parasitic diode PD3. The third parasitic diode PD3 includes a third anode terminal NA3 and a third cathode terminal NC3, wherein the third anode terminal NA3 is electrically connected to the supply voltage VDD, and the third cathode terminal NC3 is electrically connected to the second node N2.
第四電晶體Q4電性連接於第二節點N2以及第二電池120之間,且包括第四控制端G4以及第四寄生二極體PD4。第四寄生二極體PD4包括第四陽極端NA4以及第四陰極端NC4,其中第四陽極端NA4電性連接至第二電池120,第四陰極端NC4電性連接至第二節點N2。
The fourth transistor Q4 is electrically connected between the second node N2 and the
控制器130將第一控制信號SG1、第二控制信號SG2、第三控制信號SG3以及第四控制信號SG4分別提供至第一控制端G1、第二控制端G2、第三控制端G3以及第四控制端G4,進而控制第一電晶體Q1、第二電晶體Q2、第三電晶體Q3以及第四電晶體Q4導通或不導通。
The
第一二極體D1以及第二二極體D2用以選擇第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之較高者,提供至電壓轉換電路140。電壓轉換電路140將第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之較高者,轉換成內部供應電壓VDI而對控制器130進行供電。
The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are used to select the higher of the first battery voltage VBAT1 and the second battery voltage VBAT2 and provide it to the
如第1圖所示,電子裝置100更包括電壓偵測電路150以及電流偵測電路160。電壓偵測電路150根據控制器130所產生之第一讀取信號SD1而接收第一電池電壓VBAT1而產生第一偵測電壓VD1,並且根據控制器130所產生之第二讀取信號SD2而接收第二電池電壓VBAT2而產生第二偵測電壓VD2。
As shown in FIG. 1 , the
電流偵測電路160偵測供應電壓VDD之輸出電流IOUT而產生電流偵測信號SCD。控制器130根據電流偵測信號SCD,而判斷輸出電流IOUT之大小。
The
第2圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之電壓偵測電路之電路圖。如第2圖所示,電壓偵測電路200包括第一電阻R1、第二電阻R2、第五電晶體Q5、第三電阻R3、第四電阻R4以及第六電晶體Q6。根據本發明之一實施例,第2圖之電壓偵測電路200係對應至第1圖之電壓偵測電路150。
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the
如第2圖所示,第一電阻R1電性連接於第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第一偵測電壓VD1之間。第二電阻R2電性連接至第一偵測電壓VD1。第五電晶體Q5根據第一讀取信號SD1,而將第二電阻R2電性連接至接地端。 As shown in FIG. 2, the first resistor R1 is electrically connected between the first battery voltage VBAT1 and the first detection voltage VD1. The second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first detection voltage VD1. The fifth transistor Q5 electrically connects the second resistor R2 to the ground terminal according to the first read signal SD1.
第三電阻R3電性連接於第二電池電壓VBAT2以及第二偵測電壓VD2之間。第四電阻R4電性連接至第二偵測電壓VD2。第六電晶體Q6根據第二讀取信號SD2,而將第四電阻R4電性連接至接地端。 The third resistor R3 is electrically connected between the second battery voltage VBAT2 and the second detection voltage VD2. The fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the second detection voltage VD2. The sixth transistor Q6 electrically connects the fourth resistor R4 to the ground terminal according to the second read signal SD2.
根據本發明之一實施例,當第1圖之控制器130輸出之第一讀取信號SD1以及第二讀取信號SD2係為高邏輯位準時,第五電晶體Q5以及第六電晶體Q6係為導通,第一電池電壓VBAT1經第一電阻R1以及第二電阻R2分壓而產生第一偵測電壓VD1,第二電池電壓VBAT2經第三電阻R3以及第四電阻R4分壓而產生第二偵測電壓VD2。第1圖之控制器130根據第一偵測電壓VD1以及第二偵測電壓VD2,而判斷第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之電壓位準。
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first read signal SD1 and the second read signal SD2 output by the
根據本發明之另一實施例,當第一讀取信號SD1以及第二讀取信號SD2係為低邏輯位準時,第五電晶體Q5以及第六電晶體Q6係為不導通,以降低功率損耗。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the first read signal SD1 and the second read signal SD2 are at a low logic level, the fifth transistor Q5 and the sixth transistor Q6 are not conducting to reduce power loss.
第3圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之供電方法之流程圖。第4圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例所述之供應電壓之波形圖。以下針對供電方法300之敘述,將搭配第1圖之電子裝置100、第3圖之波形圖300以及第4圖之波形圖400,以利詳細說明。此外,以下係以第二電池電壓VBAT2大於第一電池電壓VBAT1為例進行說明,但並未以任何形式限定於此。
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a power supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing a supply voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the
如第3圖所示,第1圖之控制器130利用第一電池110進行供電(步驟S301)。在此係以先利用第一電池110進行供電進行說明解釋,並未以任何形式限定於此。如第4圖所示,在第一階段ST1中,供應電壓VDD係為第一電池電壓VBAT1。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
接著,控制器130判斷是否切換第二電池進行供電(步驟S302)。根據本發明之一實施例,控制器130可根據第二電池電壓VBAT2是否高於第一電池電壓VBAT1,而決定是否切換至第二電池120進行供電。根據本發明之一實施例,如第1圖所示,控制器130利用第一讀取信號SD1以及第二讀取信號SD2致能電壓偵測電路150接收第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2,而產生第一偵測電壓VD1以及第二偵測電壓VD2。
Next, the
根據本發明之一實施例,控制器130根據第2圖之電壓偵測電路200所產生之第一偵測電壓VD1以及第二偵測電壓VD2,而判斷第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之大小關係。當第一電池110以及第二電池120係為相同類型的電池時,具有較高的電壓的電池具有較多的電量,因此控制器130可選擇具有較高電壓之電池進行供電,進而保護較低電壓之電池免於過度放電。
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
根據本發明之另一實施例,控制器130可根據供應電壓VDD之輸出電流IOUT是否超過既定電流以及第一電池110與第二電池120之放電電流規格,而決定是否切換至第二電池120進行供電。根據本發明之一實施例,如第1圖所示,控制器160可根據電
流偵測信號SCD得知輸出電流IOUT之大小,並且根據第一電池110以及第二電池120之放電電流規格,選擇適合的電池進行供電。
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the
根據本發明之其他實施例,控制器130可根據第一電池110與第二電池120之電池健康狀態(State of Health,SOH)、電池電量及/或電池溫度,而決定是否切換第二電池120進行供電。舉例來說,控制器130可利用通訊界面(第1圖並未繪示),如控制器區域網路(Controller Area Network,簡稱CAN或者CAN bus),獲取第一電池110以及第二電池120之電池健康狀態、電池電量以及溫度,進而選擇狀態最佳的電池進行供電,同時允許狀態稍差的電池得以恢復正常的狀態。
According to other embodiments of the present invention, the
當在第3圖之步驟S302判斷不切換至第二電池120進行供電時,控制器130不動作,使得第一電池110繼續進行供電(步驟S303)。當在第3圖之步驟S302判斷切換至第二電池120進行供電時,控制器130利用第二控制信號SG2而不導通第二電晶體Q2(步驟S304),使得第一電池110經第二寄生二極體PD2而對供應電壓VDD供電。如第4圖所示,在第二階段ST2中,供應電壓VDD係為第一電池電壓VBAT1減去順向導通電壓VF,其中係假設第一寄生二極體PD1、第二寄生二極體PD2、第三寄生二極體PD3以及第四寄生二極體PD4之順向導通電壓皆為相同,且皆為順向導通電壓VF。
When it is determined in step S302 of FIG. 3 that the
如第3圖所示,控制器130接著再利用第三控制信號SG3而導通第三電晶體Q3(步驟S305)。如第4圖所示,由於第
二電池電壓VBAT2係大於第一電池電壓VBAT1,因此在第三階段ST3中,供應電壓VDD係為第二電池電壓VBAT2減去順向導通電壓VF。如第1圖所示,由於第一電晶體Q1以及第三電晶體Q3係為導通,因此第二寄生二極體PD2以及第四寄生二極體PD4用以選擇第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之較大者輸出為供應電壓VDD。在此實施例中,第二寄生二極體PD2同時用以避免供應電壓VDD對第一電池110進行充電。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
如第3圖所示,控制器130隨後再利用第一控制信號SG1而不導通第一電晶體Q1(步驟S306)。如第4圖所示,當第一電晶體Q1不導通時,供應電壓VDD依然為第二電池電壓VBAT2減去順向導通電壓VF(第三階段ST3)。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
如第3圖所示,控制器130再利用第四控制信號SG4而導通第四電晶體Q4(步驟S307)。如第4圖所示,在第四階段ST4中,由於第四電晶體Q4已導通,因此供應電壓VDD等於第二電池電壓VBAT2。此外,第四階段ST4之供應電壓VDD係隨著時間而逐漸下降。在本實施例中,供應電壓VDD(亦即,第二電池電壓VBAT2)在第四階段ST4中下降至低於第一電池電壓VBAT1。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
如第3圖所示,控制器130接著判斷是否切換第一電池110進行供電(步驟S308)。根據本發明之一些實施例,控制器130可根據電池電壓、輸出電流IOUT、電池之放電電流規格、電池健康狀態、電池電量及/或溫度,而決定是否切換至第一電池110進行供電。
As shown in FIG. 3 , the
當在第3圖之步驟S308判斷不切換至第一電池110進行供電時,控制器130不動作,使得第二電池120繼續進行供電(步驟S309),並回到步驟S308。當在第3圖之步驟S308判斷切換至第一電池110進行供電時,控制器130利用第四控制信號SG4而不導通第四電晶體Q4(步驟S310),其中第四寄生二極體PD4隨之導通。由於第四寄生二極體PD4導通,使得供應電壓VDD在第五階段ST5下降至第二電池電壓VBAT2減去順向導通電壓VF。
When it is determined in step S308 of FIG. 3 that the
如第3圖所示,控制器130接著利用第一控制信號SG1而將第一電晶體Q1導通(步驟S311)。如第4圖所示,在第六階段ST6中,由於第二寄生二極體PD2以及第四寄生二極體PD4接導通且第一電池電壓VBAT1大於第二電池電壓VBAT2,因此供應電壓VDD係等於第一電池電壓VBAT1減去順向導通電壓VF。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
如第3圖所示,控制器130隨後利用第三控制信號SG3而將第三電晶體Q3不導通(步驟S312)。如第4圖所示,當第三電晶體Q3不導通時,供應電壓VDD依然維持第一電池電壓VBAT1減去順向導通電壓VF(即,第六階段ST6)。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
如第3圖所示,控制器130再利用第二控制信號SG2而將第二電晶體Q2導通(步驟S313)。如第4圖所示,在第七階段ST7中,由於第二電晶體Q2已導通,因此供應電壓VDD等於第一電池電壓VBAT1。
As shown in FIG. 3, the
如第1圖、第3圖以及第4圖所示,控制器130透過控制第一電晶體Q1、第二電晶體Q2、第三電晶體Q3以及第四電晶體
Q4導通或不導通,切換第一電池110以及第二電池120對供應電壓VDD進行供電。此外,第二寄生二極體PD2以及第四寄生二極體PD4用以避免供應電壓VDD對第一電池110或二電池120進行充電,並且於需要的時候,選擇第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之較高者對供應電壓VDD進行供電。
As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, the
第5圖係顯示根據本發明之另一實施例所述之電子裝置之方塊圖。將電子裝置500與第1圖之電子裝置100相比,電子裝置500更包括馬達驅動電路510以及馬達520,其中控制器130選擇第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之一者而為供應電壓VDD,並利用供應電壓VDD對馬達驅動電路510供電。控制器130更輸出馬達控制信號SMT,使得馬達驅動電路510根據供應電壓VDD以及馬達控制信號SMT而驅動馬達520。
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the
第6圖係顯示根據本發明之另一實施例所述之供電方法之流程圖。以下針對第6圖之流程圖600之敘述,將搭配第5圖之電子裝置500,以利詳細說明。
FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a power supply method according to another embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the
如第6圖所示,控制器130利用馬達控制信號SMT,而啟動馬達驅動電路510(步驟S601)。接著,控制器130讀取第一電池110以及第二電池120之電池資訊(步驟S602)。根據本發明之一實施例,控制器130可透過通訊界面(第5圖並未繪示),如控制器區域網路,獲取第一電池110以及第二電池120之電池健康狀態、電池電量以及溫度。
As shown in FIG. 6 , the
如第6圖所示,控制器130選擇第一電池110以及第二電池120之一者進行供電(步驟S603)。根據本發明之一實施例,當第一電池110係為預設電池,因此步驟S603係選擇第一電池110進行供電,使得供應電壓VDD等於第一電池電壓VBAT1。以下係以第一電池110為預設電池為例進行說明解釋,並未以任何形式限定於此。以電動輔助自行車為例,第一電池110係為原先安裝於自行車上的電池,而第二電池120係為額外的備用電池,因此第一電池110係為預設電池。
As shown in FIG. 6 , the
當供應電壓VDD產生後,控制器130透過馬達控制信號SMT控制馬達驅動電路510啟動馬達520(步驟S604)。隨後,控制器130判斷是否根據第一電池110以及第二電池120之電池狀態,而切換電池進行供電(步驟S605)。當在步驟S605判斷為是時,控制器130透過控制第一電晶體Q1、第二電晶體Q2、第三電晶體Q3以及第四電晶體Q4而切換第二電池進行供電(步驟S606)。當在步驟S605判斷為否時,控制器130則繼續以第一電池110進行供電(步驟S607)。
When the supply voltage VDD is generated, the
根據本發明之一實施例,控制器130可根據電壓偵測電路150所產生之第一讀取信號SD1以及第二讀取信號SD2而得知第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2,並根據第一電池電壓VBAT1以及第二電池電壓VBAT2之大小關係,而決定是否切換為由第二電池120進行供電。舉例來說,當第一電池110以及第二電池120係為相同類型之電池時,較高的電池電壓代表該電池具
有較高的電池電量。當目前供電之第一電池110的電壓降至一臨限值時,控制器130判斷第一電池110的電量即將用罄,因此決定切換至第二電池120進行供電。
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
根據本發明之另一實施例,控制器130可根據於步驟S602所獲取之電池資訊,而決定是否切換為由第二電池120進行供電。舉例來說,當第一電池110之溫度高於臨限溫度時,控制器130決定切換至第二電池120進行供電;當第一電池110之電池健康狀態低於臨限值時,控制器130決定切換至第二電池120進行供電;當第一電池110低於一臨限值時,控制器130決定切換至第二電池120。
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the
換句話說,在步驟S605中,控制器130根據電池的狀態,選擇最適合的電池進行供電,不但提供馬達520最好的電源品質,並且提供具有較差狀態之電池復原的機會。
In other words, in step S605, the
根據本發明之一實施例,當控制器130在步驟S606中自第一電池110切換至第二電池120進行供電時,控制器130執行第3圖之步驟S304至步驟S307,進而將第一電池110平順的切換至第二電池120,在此不再重複贅述。根據本發明之另一實施例,當控制器130在步驟S607將第二電池120切換至第一電池110進行供電時,控制器130執行第3圖之步驟S310至步驟S313,進而將平順的第二電池120切換至第一電池110,在此不再重複贅述。
According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the
在步驟S606以及步驟S607之後,控制器130判斷是否繼續驅動馬達520(步驟S608)。當控制器130判斷繼續驅動
馬達520時,控制器130透過馬達控制信號SMT控制馬達驅動電路510繼續驅動馬達520,並且回到步驟S605。當控制器130判斷停止驅動馬達520時,控制器130透過馬達控制信號SMT控制馬達驅動電路510停止驅動馬達520,並且結束供電方法600。
After step S606 and step S607, the
第7圖係顯示根據本發明之又一實施例所述之供電方法之流程圖。以下針對第7圖之流程圖700之敘述,將搭配第5圖之電子裝置500,以利詳細說明。
FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a power supply method according to another embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the
如第7圖所示,步驟S701至步驟S704係分別對應至第6圖之步驟S601至步驟S604,在此不再重複贅述。在步驟S705中,控制器130根據電流偵測電路160之電流偵測信號SCD,得知供應電壓VDD之輸出電流IOUT之大小,並判斷輸出電流IOUT是否超過既定電流(步驟S705)。當在步驟S705判斷為是時,控制器130利用另一電池進行供電(步驟S706)。當在步驟S705判斷為否時,控制器130利用預設電池進行供電(步驟S707)。
As shown in FIG. 7, steps S701 to S704 correspond to steps S601 to S604 of FIG. 6, respectively, and will not be repeated here. In step S705, the
根據本發明之一實施例,控制器130在步驟S703選擇第一電池110進行供電,並且在步驟S702得知第二電池120之放電電流規格優於第一電池110之放電電流規格,因此在步驟S705判斷為是後,控制器130切換至第二電池120進行供電,以利提供馬達520所需之輸出電流IOUT。根據本發明之一實施例,第一電池110係為鋰離子電池,第二電池120係為鋰鐵電池,因此第二電池120之放電電流較第一電池110之放電電流更大。
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
根據本發明之一實施例,當控制器130執行步驟
S706而將第一電池110切換至第二電池120進行供電時,控制器130執行第3圖之步驟S304至步驟S307。根據本發明之另一實施例,當控制器130執行步驟S707而將第二電池120切換至第一電池110進行供電時,控制器130執行第3圖之步驟S310至步驟S313。
According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the
在步驟S706以及步驟S707之後,控制器130判斷是否繼續驅動馬達520(步驟S708)。當控制器130判斷繼續驅動馬達520時,控制器130透過馬達控制信號SMT控制馬達驅動電路510繼續驅動馬達520,並且回到步驟S705。當控制器130判斷停止驅動馬達520時,控制器130透過馬達控制信號SMT控制馬達驅動電路510停止驅動馬達520,並且結束供電方法700。
After step S706 and step S707, the
本發明在此提出了利用兩個以上電池進行供電之電子裝置以及切換不同電池進行供電之供電方法,透過利用依序導通以及不導通電池供電的電晶體,平順地自一電池供電切換至另一電池進行供電。此外,也可根據電池狀態及/或輸出電流,而切換至較適合的電池進行供電,以維持較佳的電源品質。 The present invention proposes an electronic device powered by two or more batteries and a power supply method for switching between different batteries. By using transistors that sequentially turn on and off the batteries, power supply can be smoothly switched from one battery to another. In addition, power supply can be switched to a more suitable battery according to the battery status and/or output current to maintain better power quality.
雖然本揭露的實施例及其優點已揭露如上,但應該瞭解的是,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本揭露之精神和範圍內,當可作更動、替代與潤飾。 Although the embodiments and advantages of this disclosure have been disclosed above, it should be understood that anyone with ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field can make changes, substitutions and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
100:電子裝置 100: Electronic devices
110:第一電池 110: First Battery
120:第二電池 120: Second battery
130:控制器 130: Controller
140:電壓轉換電路 140: Voltage conversion circuit
150:電壓偵測電路 150: Voltage detection circuit
160:電流偵測電路 160: Current detection circuit
Q1:第一電晶體 Q1: First transistor
Q2:第二電晶體 Q2: Second transistor
Q3:第三電晶體 Q3: The third transistor
Q4:第四電晶體 Q4: The fourth transistor
D1:第一二極體 D1: First diode
D2:第二二極體 D2: Second diode
VBAT1:第一電池電壓 VBAT1: First battery voltage
VBAT2:第二電池電壓 VBAT2: Second battery voltage
VDD:供應電壓 VDD: supply voltage
VDI:內部供應電壓 VDI: Internal supply voltage
VD1:第一偵測電壓 VD1: First detection voltage
VD2:第二偵測電壓 VD2: Second detection voltage
N1:第一節點 N1: First node
N2:第二節點 N2: Second node
G1:第一控制端 G1: First control terminal
G2:第二控制端 G2: Second control terminal
G3:第三控制端 G3: The third control terminal
G4:第四控制端 G4: The fourth control terminal
PD1:第一寄生二極體 PD1: First parasitic diode
PD2:第二寄生二極體 PD2: Second parasitic diode
PD3:第三寄生二極體 PD3: The third parasitic diode
PD4:第四寄生二極體 PD4: Fourth parasitic diode
NA1:第一陽極端 NA1: First anode end
NA2:第二陽極端 NA2: Second anode end
NA3:第三陽極端 NA3: Third Anode End
NA4:第四陽極端 NA4: Fourth Anode
NC1:第一陰極端 NC1: First cathode end
NC2:第二陰極端 NC2: Second cathode terminal
NC3:第三陰極端 NC3: Third cathode terminal
NC4:第四陰極端 NC4: Fourth cathode terminal
SD1:第一讀取信號 SD1: First read signal
SD2:第二讀取信號 SD2: Second read signal
SG1:第一控制信號 SG1: First control signal
SG2:第二控制信號 SG2: Second control signal
SG3:第三控制信號 SG3: The third control signal
SG4:第四控制信號 SG4: Fourth control signal
SCD:電流偵測信號 SCD: Current detection signal
IOUT:輸出電流 IOUT: output current
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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TW112122329A TWI844394B (en) | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | Electronic device with battery management |
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