TWI823690B - Forming apparatus and forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

An forming apparatus comprises an upper mold unit and a lower mold unit. Said upper mold unit includes an upper mold base, a stripping plate arranged under said upper mold base, a multi-action mechanism arranged on said stripping plate and capable of interlocking with said upper mold base, at least one upper punching head, and at least one forming upper punch. Said lower mold unit includes a lower die base, at least one tooth-type lower die core, at least one extension lower die core, and at least one punching lower die core. Said punching lower die core, said extension lower die core, and said tooth-shaped lower die core are arranged coaxially, so that the sheet material can be punched, stretched, and tooth-shaped, and then forged into a thin shell-cup gear, realizing one-time forging products and improving production efficiency.

Description

Composite forming device and forming method

The present invention relates to a composite forming device and a forming method thereof, in particular to a composite forming device and a forming method of a gear with thin shell characteristics.

Gears with thin-shell cup-like characteristics and toothed outer diameters are currently widely used in the electric bicycle industry and the robot industry. The conventional method of manufacturing such special gears is to directly cut the entire solid bar blank into rough shapes. The shape of the gear is then roughed through cutting with a hobbing machine to form the tooth profile. The semi-finished gear is then heat treated. Since the characteristic dimensions will be deformed after heat treatment, the tooth profile needs to be refined again through a gear grinding machine. Processing to produce finished gears. However, this subtractive cutting manufacturing method not only results in a low material yield, but also cuts the material fibers of the product, resulting in lower fatigue strength. In addition, during the manufacturing process, the blank material needs to be placed in a gear hobbing machine, heat treatment equipment, gear grinding machine, etc. Transferring loads back and forth between different machines and equipment requires a lot of processes and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, because the gear hobbing machine takes a long time to process, the overall production efficiency is low and needs to be improved.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a composite forming device that can reduce the number of process passes and improve production efficiency.

Therefore, the composite molding device of the present invention includes an upper mold unit and a lower mold unit located below the upper mold unit. The upper mold unit includes an upper mold base, a stripper plate disposed below the upper mold base so as to be relatively movable with the upper mold base, and a complex mold plate disposed on the stripper plate and capable of interlocking with the upper mold base. The moving mechanism, at least one punching head is provided on the reciprocating mechanism and penetrates downwardly through the stripper plate, and at least one punch is provided on the upper die base and passes downwardly through the reciprocating mechanism and penetrates at least One punch forms the upper punch. When the upper mold base approaches the stripper plate downward, the upper mold base will push the at least one forming upper punch downward to extend through the stripper plate, and the upper mold base will also drive the reciprocating mechanism. , to drive the at least one punching punch downward to penetrate and extend the stripper plate. The lower mold unit includes a lower mold base, at least one toothed lower mold core disposed on the lower mold base, at least an extension lower mold core disposed coaxially above the at least one toothed lower mold core, and at least one coaxially disposed lower mold core. A die-cut lower mold core is provided above the at least one extended lower mold core.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a molding method for the above-mentioned composite molding device.

Therefore, the forming method of the composite forming device of the present invention includes a mold clamping step, a punching step, a stretching step, and a feature forming step. In the mold closing step, at least one sheet material is placed on the at least one punched lower mold core, and then the upper mold unit is driven toward Move downward to close the mold with the lower mold unit, so that the stripper plate is placed against the lower mold base. In the punching step, the upper mold base and the at least one upper forming punch are driven downward toward the lower mold unit. The upper mold base drives the reciprocating mechanism downward, and the at least one upper forming punch is driven downward. Pushing downward, the reactive mechanism moves the at least one punching upper punch downward, so that the at least one punching upper punch penetrates the stripper plate, and cooperates with the at least one punching lower die core to at least A sheet of material is punched. In the stretching step, the upper mold base continues to link the at least one forming upper punch, and the reciprocating mechanism reaches the bottom dead center so that the at least one punching upper punch no longer moves downward. The at least one forming upper punch The head penetrates and extends the at least one punching upper punch downward to continue to squeeze the at least one sheet material downward and form the at least one sheet material into at least a cup shape through the at least one extension lower die core. Sheet parts. In this characteristic forming step, the at least one upper forming punch continues to push the at least one cup-shaped sheet piece downward, so that after the at least one cup-shaped sheet piece enters the at least one toothed lower die core, it is extruded to form a The tooth profile characteristics are used to produce at least one thin-shell gear having the tooth profile characteristics.

The effect of the present invention is that the punching lower die core, the extension lower die core, and the toothed lower die core are coaxially arranged in the up and down direction, so that the sheet can be punched, extended, and shaped with toothed features. Finally, it is forged and formed into a thin-shell cup-shaped gear, which realizes forging products one after another to improve production efficiency. This forging process can greatly reduce waste and improve material utilization. In addition to greatly reducing the amount of burrs, it also allows the metal flow of the product. The wire energy is distributed along the forging contour, retaining the complete streamline structure and improving the mechanical properties of the product, with high fatigue strength.

1: Upper mold unit

11: Upper mold base

12: Stripper plate

13: Elastic element

14:Reaction mechanism

141: Straight push plate

142:Horizontal slider

143: Linkage seat

144:Latch

145:return spring

146:Displacement space

147: Groove

15: Punching punch

151: Ring seat part

152: Pipe wall part

16: Forming upper punch

2: Lower mold unit

21: Lower mold base

22:Tooth type lower mold core

23: Extend the lower mold core

24: Die cutting the lower mold core

3:sheet

31: Cup-shaped sheet parts

32: Thin shell gear

A:Horizontal direction

B: Lateral direction

C: Up and down direction

E: Push down the inclined plane

F: force inclined surface

G: Lateral slope

H: thrust slope

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the composite forming device of the present invention; Figure 2 is a top view, Describe the double-action mechanism of this embodiment; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the combination relationship between a transverse slide block and a linkage seat of the double-action mechanism; Figure 4 is a side sectional view illustrating the combination of this embodiment. The state after molding; Figure 5 is an incomplete side sectional view illustrating a punching step of the forming method of the composite forming device; Figure 6 is an incomplete side sectional view illustrating one of the forming methods The drawing step; and Figure 7 is an incomplete side cross-sectional view illustrating one of the characteristic forming steps of the forming method.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, one embodiment of the composite molding device of the present invention includes an upper mold unit 1 and a lower mold unit 2 located below the upper mold unit 1. The upper mold unit 1 includes an upper mold base 11 extending along a horizontal direction A and a lateral direction B perpendicular to the horizontal direction A. An upper mold base 11 is disposed below the upper mold base 11 to be movable relative to the upper mold base 11 The stripping plates 12 are located on the upper mold base 11 and the stripping plates along an up-down direction C. The elastic element 13 between 12, a double-action mechanism 14 arranged on the stripper plate 12 and can be linked with the upper mold base 11, a plurality of double-action mechanisms 14 are arranged on the double-action mechanism 14 and penetrate the stripper plate downwards. 12 punching upper punches 15, and a plurality of forming upper punches 16 arranged on the upper die base 11 and passing downward through the reciprocating mechanism 14 and respectively passing through the punching upper punches 15.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, the reciprocating mechanism 14 has a plurality of straight push plates 141 fixed on the upper mold base 11 and extending downward from the upper mold base 11, and two push plates 141 located along the horizontal direction A. There are transverse slide blocks 142 inside the straight push plate 141 and respectively located on opposite sides of the punching punches 15 , a linkage seat 143 located between the transverse slide blocks 142 along the horizontal direction A, and a plurality of horizontal slide blocks 142 . The stripper plate 12 is penetrated in the direction A and the latches 144 fixed on the transverse slide blocks 142 are inserted, and a plurality of them are respectively sleeved on the latches 144 and the two ends respectively bear against the corresponding latches 144 and the stripper. The return spring 145 of the material plate 12.

The straight push plates 141 are arranged in groups of two at intervals along the lateral direction B. The two straight push plates 141 of each group are respectively located on the punches 15 and the upper punches 15 along the horizontal direction A. Opposite sides of the upper punch 16 are formed. Each straight push plate 141 has a downward push slope E extending obliquely inward and downward. The transverse sliding blocks 142 are spaced apart from each other along the horizontal direction A. Each transverse sliding block 142 extends along the lateral direction B and has a force-bearing slope F that is inclined and extending outwardly and upward, and a force-bearing slope F that is opposite to the horizontal direction A. The force-bearing slope F and the lateral slope G extending obliquely inward and downward. The force-bearing inclined surface F contacts the downward pushing inclined surface E of the corresponding plurality of vertical push plates 141 . The linkage seat 143 has two supporting slopes H located on both sides along the horizontal direction A and extending obliquely outward and upward. The thrust slope H They are in contact with the lateral inclined surfaces G of the transverse slide blocks 142 respectively. The linkage seat 143 extends along the lateral direction B and is used for fixing the upper punches 15 . The linkage seat 143 is separated from the stripper plate 12 by a displacement space 146 along the up-down direction C. In order to make the The linkage seat 143 will not fall off. Each transverse slide block 142 also has an embedded groove 147 for the linkage seat 143 to be embedded. The lateral slope G of the transverse slider 142 is located in the embedded groove 147.

The upper punches 15 are continuously arranged along the extending direction. Each upper punch 15 has a ring seat 151 fixed in the linkage seat 143 and a ring protruding downward from the ring seat 151 . And does not protrude from the tube wall portion 152 of the stripping plate 12 . The forming upper punches 16 are coaxially penetrated through the punching upper punches 15 respectively. Each forming upper punch 16 is downwardly penetrated through the linkage seat 143 and the corresponding punching upper punch 15 without protruding. A punch 15 is applied to the punch.

The lower mold unit 2 includes a lower mold base 21, a plurality of toothed lower mold cores 22 disposed on the lower mold base 21, and a plurality of toothed lower mold cores 22 disposed on the lower mold base 21 and respectively coaxially disposed on the toothed lower mold cores 22. The upper extension lower mold core 23 and a plurality of punching lower mold cores 24 are arranged on the lower mold base 21 and are respectively coaxially arranged above the extension lower mold cores 23. The numbers of the toothed lower mold cores 22, the extension lower mold cores 23, and the punching lower mold cores 24 correspond to the punching upper punches 15 and the forming upper punches 16, and each A forming upper punch 16 is coaxially arranged with a corresponding punching upper punch 15, a toothed lower die 22, an extension lower die 23, and a punching lower die 24.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the forming method of the composite forming device will be described next. In one embodiment, the forming method includes a mold closing step, a punching step, a drawing step, and a feature forming step. In the mold closing step, a plurality of sheets 3 are placed on the punching lower mold cores 24 respectively, and then the upper mold unit 1 is driven to move downward to close the mold with the lower mold unit 2, so that the stripper plate 12 It is placed on the lower mold base 21 .

Referring to Figures 2, 4, and 5, in the punching step, the upper mold base 11, the forming upper punches 16, and the straight push plates 141 are continued to be driven downward toward the lower mold unit 2 During the movement, the elastic elements 13 will also be compressed. As the vertical push plates 141 continue to move downward, each vertical push plate 141 pushes down the slope E to push the force-bearing slope F of the corresponding transverse slide block 142, so that the transverse slide blocks 142 move along the horizontal direction A. At the same time, the lateral slope G of each transverse slider 142 will also push the corresponding pushing slope H of the linkage seat 143, so that the linkage seat 143 is pushed to move downward (at the same time, the displacement space 146 is continuously decrease), in this way, the punching upper punches 15 will be linked to move downward until the bottom dead center. Each punching upper punch 15 will pass through the strip during the movement to the bottom dead center. The material plate 12 cooperates with the lower punching die 24 directly below to punch a sheet 3 located between the upper punch 15 and the lower punching die 24 along the up and down direction C, so that each A sheet material 3 is punched into a disk shape as shown in FIG. 5 , and the pins 144 are also pulled inward to compress the return springs 145 . It should be noted that since each forming upper punch 16 moves downward, the corresponding punching upper punch 15 also moves downward. Therefore, in this punching step, each forming upper punch 16 It will not protrude from the corresponding upper punch 15 for punching.

Referring to Figures 2, 4, and 6, in the extending step, the upper mold base 11 continues to drive the upper forming punches 16 to move downward, because at this time the transverse sliders 142 have already been completely positioned on the straight lines. To the inside of the push plate 141, the linkage seat 143 will no longer be driven, which also makes the punching upper punches 15 reach the bottom dead center and no longer move downward, so the forming upper punches 16 will pass through. Extend the punching punches 15 to continue to squeeze the disc-shaped sheets 3 (see Figure 5) downwards, and allow the sheets 3 to pass through the extended lower mold cores 23. It is formed into a cup-shaped sheet piece 31 as shown in Figure 6 .

Referring to Figures 2, 4, and 7, in this characteristic forming step, the forming punches 16 continue to push the cup-shaped sheet parts 31 downward (see Figure 6), so that each cup-shaped sheet part 31 enters The corresponding tooth profile is lowered into the mold core 22, and is continuously squeezed and stretched again, and a tooth profile feature is formed on the outer wall surface, thereby producing a plurality of thin cup-shaped thin films each having the tooth profile feature. Shell gear 32. After the process is completed, the upper mold unit 1 is moved away from the lower mold unit 2. The elastic elements 13 will drive the upper mold base 11 upward away from the stripper plate 12 and reset. The return springs 145 will also drive The transverse slide blocks 142 move outward, thereby causing the linkage seat 143 to move upward and reset. It should be noted that the present invention can produce multiple thin-shell gears 32 per forging operation, and the punching punches 15 , the forming punches 16 , and the tooth profiles can be adjusted according to the required quantity. The number of the lower mold cores 22, the extension lower mold cores 23, and the punching lower mold cores 24 can be closely arranged along the horizontal direction A and the lateral direction B, so as to maximize the manufacturing of the composite forming device. The quantity is far greater than that of conventional manufacturing molds.

To sum up, the present invention can perform punching, drawing and feature forming in one pass of forging process, thereby manufacturing the thin-shell gear 32 with tooth profile features and a thin-walled cup shape, which can significantly reduce the required process steps. In addition to improving production efficiency and reducing post-processing such as cutting to improve material utilization, this manufacturing method can not only greatly reduce the amount of burrs, but also allow the metal streamlines of the product to be distributed along the forging contour, retaining the complete streamline organization and improving The mechanical properties of the product have high fatigue strength, so the purpose of the invention can indeed be achieved.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. All simple equivalent changes and modifications made based on the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. Within the scope covered by the patent of this invention.

1: Upper mold unit

11: Upper mold base

12: Stripper plate

13: Elastic element

14:Reaction mechanism

141: Straight push plate

142:Horizontal slider

143: Linkage seat

144:Latch

145:return spring

146:Displacement space

147: Groove

15: Punching punch

151: Ring seat part

152: Pipe wall part

16: Forming upper punch

2: Lower mold unit

21: Lower mold base

22:Tooth type lower mold core

23: Extend the lower mold core

24: Die cutting the lower mold core

3:sheet

A:Horizontal direction

C: Up and down direction

E: Push down the inclined plane

F: force inclined surface

H: thrust slope

Claims (8)

A composite forming device including: An upper mold unit includes an upper mold base, a stripper plate disposed below the upper mold base so as to be relatively movable with the upper mold base, and a stripper plate disposed on the stripper plate and capable of interlocking with the upper mold base. The re-action mechanism, at least one upper die-cutting punch which is arranged on the re-action mechanism and penetrates downwardly through the stripper plate, and at least one punch which is arranged on the upper die base and passes downwardly through the re-action mechanism and penetrates the At least one forming upper punch of the punching head. When the upper mold base approaches the stripper plate downward, the upper mold base will push the at least one forming upper punch downward to penetrate and extend the stripper plate. plate, the upper mold base will also drive the reciprocating mechanism to drive the at least one punching upper punch downward to penetrate and extend the stripper plate; and The lower mold unit is located below the upper mold unit and includes a lower mold base, at least one toothed lower mold core disposed on the lower mold base, and at least an extension lower coaxially disposed above the at least one toothed lower mold core. A mold core, and at least a die-cut lower mold core coaxially disposed above the at least one extended lower mold core. The composite forming device according to claim 1, wherein the upper mold unit further includes a plurality of elastic elements located between the upper mold base and the stripper plate along the up and down direction. The composite forming device according to claim 1, wherein the reciprocating mechanism of the upper mold unit has a plurality of straight push plates extending downward from the upper mold base, two horizontal push plates located inside the straight push plates, and Transverse slide blocks respectively located on opposite sides of the at least one punching upper punch, and a linkage seat located between the transverse slide blocks in the horizontal direction for the at least one punching upper punch. When the upper die When the seat moves downward, it will drive the straight push plates to move downward. The straight push plates push the lateral slide blocks to move toward the link seat in the horizontal direction. The lateral slide blocks will push the link inward. seat, so that the linkage seat drives the at least one punching upper punch to move downward to penetrate and extend the stripper plate. The composite forming device as claimed in claim 3, wherein each vertical push plate of the reciprocating mechanism has a downward push slope extending inwardly and downward, and each transverse slide block has a contact corresponding vertical push plate. The force-bearing slope of the downward pushing slope of the plate, and a lateral slope that is opposite to the force-bearing slope and extends inwardly and downwards. The linkage seat has two lateral sides that are opposite to each other and are respectively in contact with the transverse slide blocks. Inclined thrust slope. The composite forming device according to claim 3, wherein the double-action mechanism of the upper mold unit also has a plurality of latches that penetrate the stripper plate in the horizontal direction and are inserted and fixed on the transverse slide blocks, and a plurality of Return springs are respectively sleeved on the latch pins, and the two ends of each return spring respectively bear against the corresponding latch pin and the stripper plate. The composite forming device according to claim 4, wherein each transverse slide block of the reciprocating mechanism also has an embedding groove for the linkage seat to be embedded, and the lateral slope of the transverse slide block is located in the embedding groove. The composite forming device according to claim 3, wherein at least one upper punch of the upper die unit has a ring seat fixed in the linkage seat, and a ring protruding downward from the ring seat. tube wall. A method for forming a composite forming device as described in claim 1, including: A mold closing step: place at least one sheet material on the at least one punched lower mold core, and then drive the upper mold unit to move downward to close the mold with the lower mold unit, so that the stripper plate is placed against the lower mold seat; A punching step drives the upper mold base and the at least one upper forming punch to move downward toward the lower mold unit. The upper mold base drives the reciprocating mechanism downward and moves the at least one upper forming punch downward. Push, the reciprocating mechanism moves the at least one punching upper punch downward, so that the at least one punching upper punch penetrates the stripper plate, and cooperates with the at least one punching lower die core to press the at least one plate Materials are punched; In an extension step, the upper mold base continues to link the at least one forming upper punch, and the reciprocating mechanism reaches the bottom dead center so that the at least one punching upper punch no longer moves downward, and the at least one forming upper punch moves toward The at least one punching punch is extended downward to continue to squeeze the at least one sheet material downward, and the at least one sheet material is formed into at least a cup-shaped sheet piece through the at least one extended lower die core. ;and In a characteristic forming step, the at least one upper forming punch continues to push the at least one cup-shaped sheet piece downward, so that after the at least one cup-shaped sheet piece enters the at least one tooth-shaped lower mold core, it is extruded to form a tooth shape. At least one thin-shell gear with the tooth profile characteristics is produced.

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