TWI803705B - 補強元件以及製造補強元件之方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種補強元件,特別適用於鞋子、袋子或整形應用的補強元件,包含一支撐層和一補強層。本發明之支撐層形成為使得其至少部分地橫向突出超過補強層以形成邊緣區域。本發明還涉及一種製造這種補強元件的方法。
Description
本發明關於一種特別適用於鞋子、袋子、整形應用或類似用途的補強元件。本發明還關於一種製造這種補強元件的方法。
這種補強元件可以由粉末材料製成。在此處,這種粉末已經使用一滑塊或一模板使之具有其所期望的最終形狀。藉由施加壓力及/或熱使粉末複合,從而獲得相應的補強元件。這種方法在歐洲專利第0222220公告號和國際專利第2012/059367號有詳細的描述。
特別是用於鞋子的補強元件,特別是以在腳趾頭的前蓋或在腳跟區域的後蓋形式,這些補強元件被期望具有不同的剛性區域。
本發明之一目的在於提供一種補強元件,以及一種具有不同剛度區域的補強元件的方法。
本發明之補強元件特別適用於鞋子、袋子、整形應用和類似用途。對於鞋子,使用不同材料製成的補強元件是眾所皆知的。例如,鞋跟區域的補強是通過後蓋(rear cap)來實現的,或者類似地,腳趾區域通過前蓋(front cap)來實現。同樣的,對於鞋子,為了避免撕裂,關於鞋帶的補強元件在眼孔區域(eyelets)是已知的。對於袋子,如手提袋,運動包或類似的,在用柔韌材料製成的包中也具有這種補強元件,如在角落的背帶緊固處,袋底部等。
本發明的補強元件包括支撐層以及補強層。補強層與支撐層連接。這種連接可以通過提供一種黏著劑來實。較佳地,藉由施加壓力及/或熱來連接支撐層和補強層的材料。因此,支撐層和補強層的材料較佳地能夠進行特殊的熱黏合,因此不需要額外提供黏著劑。具體而言,支撐層和補強層由相同或化學性質相似的材料製成。
根據本發明,支撐層被設置成邊緣部分至少部分橫向突出補強層之外。由此形成一補強元件,該補強元件在支撐層與補強層相互疊合的區域具有比僅提供支撐層的區域更大的剛度。由於使用不同的材料,材料密度等,有可能進一步改變兩層的剛度。如果需要,還可以提供第三層或進一步的層,以進一步創建一個不同剛度的區域。此外,還可以提供多個補強層,這些補強層在不同區域與支撐層連接。在這種情況下,不同的補強層之間可以設置成隔一定距離,可以部分或全部覆蓋彼此,也可以在邊緣區域相互接觸。
較佳地由支撐層形成的邊緣部分完全包圍補強層。因此,創造了剛度較小的圓周邊緣區域。此外,較佳的邊緣區域的寬度實質上恆定,寬度變化±20%,局部寬度變化±10%。
支撐層及/或補強層可由軋製材料及/或板材製成。例如,首先製造一種軋製材料,然後從這種材料上切割出相應的板材。在這點而言,合適的材料是,例如浸漬材料,特別是浸漬乳膠分散劑(impregnated with latex dispersions),並可能在一面或兩面設有一層黏著層。熱塑性材料的擠出製造也是合適的,它的材料可能包括填料,如木粉,回收材料或類似的。當支撐層及/或補強層由這種板材製成時,用於形成補強元件的相應形狀元件便例如由沖壓或切割出。如果支撐層和補強層是由板材製成的,那麼它們可以相互黏接,特別是通過施加熱和壓力來連接。
在本發明之補強元件的較佳實施例中,支撐層及/或補強層由粉
末製成。因此,它可以,例如,使用滑塊和模板將已經是最終形狀的支持層及/或補強層的粉末排列,並通過施加壓力及/或熱複合它。使用粉末製造支撐層及/或補強層是有利的,特別是省去了從板形材料中沖壓或切割支撐層及/或補強層的製造步驟。此外,用粉末製造具有不浪費的優點。在一個較佳的實施例中,有可能將有瑕疵的元件粉碎,特別是磨碎且重新利用材料。尤其是粉狀熱塑性材料更適合作為相應的材料。同樣的產品也可以例如通過研磨顆粒(grinding granulate)來製造。較佳地粉末大小範圍從50微米(μm)到900微米,較佳地50微米到600微米。尤其在歐洲專利第0222220公告號和國際專利第2012/059367號描述了一個合適的製造方法。
所述塑膠材料可能包括填料,例如聚碳酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或其他填料。
當然,用擠壓法制成的顆粒或用上述方法製成的粉末製成的補強層及/或支撐層可以通過切割或沖壓得到最終形狀。如果需要的話,稍微修整一下,比如清洗邊緣,可能會有用。
同樣的,不同的支撐層和補強層也可以組合,例如,支撐層由顆粒或粉末製成,然後連接到板材的補強層。
此外,還可以使用3D列印方法生成支撐層及/或補強層。在這方面,熔融沉積成型(FDM)方法和選擇性雷射燒結(SLS)方法尤其適用。同樣,組合不同製造的支持層和補強層是可能的。此處這兩層可以使用相同的上述方法製造,同時也可以用不同的方法製造這兩層,並且在這兩層之間放置一個記憶體元件之後,在製造過程中及/或製造過程後連接它們。較佳地使用3D列印方法將補強層直接列印在例如由粉末製成的支撐層上。
補強層不一定具有表面結構,而可能是具有網格結構。
在本發明的補強元件的較佳開發中,在支撐層及/或補強層的外
側設置有黏著劑膜。外側是支撐層及/或補強層的兩個內側連接後位於支撐層及/或補強層外側的那一側。在至少兩個外側之一上提供黏著劑膜,其優點是可以使補強元件與蓋材料(cover material)或其他材料層形成良好的黏合。這可能是鞋或包的材料,例如一層皮革,織物層或類似的。
根據使用材料的不同,除了提供黏著劑膜還可以通過對支撐層及/或補強層的外層的熱活激發來實現黏合。
本發明製造補強元件的方法特別適用於製造上述補強元件。特別是在本發明的方法中,可以製造用於鞋子、袋子、整形應用等的特殊補強材料。根據本發明,補強層與支撐層連接。如上所述,這些是由相應的材料製成的補強元件。此外,補強層及/或支撐層較佳地為由板材或直接由粉末製成的層。
根據本發明,支撐層和補強層被製造且具有邊緣區域。所述邊緣區域被形成使得所述支撐層至少部分橫向突出於所述補強層之外。與上述較佳的實施例的補強元件相對應,較佳的製造方式是使邊緣區域完全包圍補強區域。此外,有可能邊緣區域的寬度實質上恆定,其中寬度變化最好小於±20%,特別是小於±10%。
根據本發明的方法,還可以提供一個或多個附加層。此外,還可提供多個補強層,例如彼此間隔一距離的設置、相互覆蓋及/或在邊緣處相互連接。
所述補強元件的可以被製造成具有大表面的,特別係卷形的支撐層。然後,在該支撐層的部分上設置補強層。然後,補強層放置在這個支撐層之部份上。通過連接這兩層,得到了一種卷形材料,其具有設置在預定位置的補強層。在此基礎上,可以沖壓出補強元件,從而形成本發明所述的補強元件,其中支撐層被形成使得至少部份地橫向突出於補強層以形成邊緣區域。補強元件的沖孔、切割或類似工序可在原材料製造完成後立即進行,以便將相應的補
強元件交付給使用它們的客戶,例如製造鞋、袋或或整形應用等等。此外,補強件的沖壓或切割可以由客戶自己完成,這樣卷的材料就可以運到客戶手中。可以進一步切割卷的材料以取得板形材。然後,這些板子可以被運送給客戶,客戶將從板形材料中製造相應的補強元件,例如通過衝壓或切割。
在較佳地的粉末顆粒的使用中,補強元件較佳地被製造為使得粉末顆粒設置在一層中,該層至少實質地在支撐層及/或補強層的外輪廓的最終形狀中。然後,通過施加溫度及/或壓力,可以單獨製造支撐層和補強層。從而得到兩個獨立的元件,即支撐層和補強層。在下一步,它們可以通過內側接合。特別是當支撐層和補強層由相同的材料製成時,可以使用溫度及/或壓力通過簡單的方式將它們連接起來,例如,從而不需要提供黏著劑材料。
較佳地將粉末設置為支撐層,但尚不將粉末顆粒複合。在此基礎上,施加用於補強層的粉末。隨後,通過施加溫度及/或壓力使粉末複合。因此,產生了一種補強元件,特別地係由單一材料製成。
本發明將參考較佳實施例及附圖在後面更詳細地描述。
10:支撐層
12:補強層
14:邊緣區域
16:邊緣區域
18:邊緣區域
20:網格狀補強層
22:中間區域
第1A圖至第1C圖為用於製成本發明的補強元件的第一實施例的示意圖;第2圖用於製成本發明的補強元件的第二實施例的示意圖;第3圖用於製成本發明的補強元件的第三實施例的示意圖;以及第4圖用於製成本發明的補強元件的第四實施例的示意圖。
在本發明的實施例(第1A圖至第1C圖)中,支撐層10及/或補強層12由粉狀材料製成。在這個方面,不同的方法是可能的。例如,支撐層10和補強層12可以於他們已經是最終形狀的時候製成,並通過施加壓力和溫度進行
壓實或連接。支撐層10與補強層12的連接可能受到溫度及/或壓力的影響。這是可能的,特別是如果這兩層是由相同或相容的粉末材料製造。
另一種選擇是可以完成由粉末製成的支撐層10,然後在支撐層10的內側設置補強層12的粉料。隨後,通過施加溫度及/或壓力,使補強層的粉末壓實或複合。
較佳地,尚不複合或壓實支撐層10的粉末,而是先在支撐層10之部份提供用於補強層12的粉末。然後,通過施加溫度及/或壓力,將支撐層10和補強層12的粉料複合或壓實於一起。
在第1A圖至第1C圖所示的實施例中,補強層12設置在支撐層10上,從而形成圓周邊緣區域。如第1A圖至第1C圖所示,邊緣區域14有實質恆定的寬度且完全地包圍補強層。
在另一個可選實施例中,支撐層10由板材料製成。在此,支撐層10例如已經有了最終的外部輪廓,例如通過切割或沖壓。如果需要的話,外部輪廓的形成也可以是最後的製成步驟。然後,將補強層12的粉末狀材料分批沉積。如果需要的話,可以在內側塗上黏著劑,以確保支撐層10和補強層12穩當的連接。將補強層12的粉末沉積在支撐層10的內側後,再次施加溫度及/或壓力製成補強層。在這方面,補強層12較佳地直接與支撐層10連接,所以不需提供黏著劑。
第2圖和第3圖進一步說明了本發明的補強元件的另一較佳實施例,其中相似和相同的元件用相同的符號標示。
在第2圖中,補強層12與支撐層10連接,其中也具有沿補強層12的圓周延伸的邊緣區域。在此,邊緣部分在上下兩側有一個相對較窄的邊緣區域16,在兩側有兩個較寬的邊緣區域18。在這種情況下,邊緣區域18可以例如形成鞋後套(heel cap)的外側區域,從而確保與鞋材有良好穩當的連接。
在第3圖中,支撐層10上設置有兩個補強層12。它們彼此間隔一距離,以便在中間區域22中只具有支撐層10的一層。在兩側,兩個補強層12也係被邊緣區域14包圍。
可能還可以使用3D列印方法,特別是FDM方法或SLS方法,製備支撐層10及/或補強層12,不同方法的組合也是可能的。
如第4圖所示的實施例,還可以在支撐層10上形成網格狀補強層20。前者可以單獨製造,特別是可以使用3D列印方法直接設置在支撐層10的上側。
14‧‧‧邊緣區域
Claims (21)
- 一種補強元件,特別係用於鞋子、袋子或整形應用,包含:一支撐層;以及一補強層,與該支撐層表面連接;其中,該支撐層至少部分地橫向突出超過該補強層以形成一邊緣區域,其中,該支撐層及/或該補強層係由一粉末材料所製成,且該支撐層及該補強層係由不同材料所製成。
- 如請求項1所述之補強元件,其中該邊緣區域完全地包圍該補強層。
- 如請求項1或2所述之補強元件,其中該邊緣區域具有實質上恆定的寬度。
- 如請求項1或2所述之補強元件,其中該支撐層及/或該補強層係以一預製材料,特別係板材或軋製材料所製造。
- 如請求項1或2所述之補強元件,其中該支撐層之一外輪廓及/或該補強層係通過沖壓及/或切割而獲得。
- 如請求項1或2所述之補強元件,其中該支撐層之一外輪廓及/或該補強層係在製造期間直接獲得。
- 如請求項1或2所述之補強元件,其中一黏著層設置於該支撐層之一外側邊及/或該補強層上。
- 如請求項1或2所述之補強元件,其中該補強層以一3D列印方式製造。
- 一種製造如請求項1至8中任一項所述的一補強元件之方法,該補強元件特別係用於鞋子、袋子或整形應用,包含:一補強層,與一支撐層連接;以及一邊緣區域,該邊緣區域被形成使該支撐層至少部分地橫向突 出超過該補強層。
- 如請求項9所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該邊緣區域完全地包圍該補強層。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該邊緣區域具有實質上恆定的寬度。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該支撐層及/或該補強層係以預製板材料或軋製材料所製成。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該支撐層及/或該補強層係由一粉末材料所製成。
- 如請求項13所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中多個粉末顆粒被設置在一層中,該層至少實質地在該支撐層及/或該補強層之一外輪廓之一最終形狀中。
- 如請求項14所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中形成該補強層之多個粉末顆粒之一層係設置在由多個粉末顆粒形成之該支撐層上。
- 如請求項14所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該多個粉末顆粒尤其係經由施加熱能及/或壓力所複合。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該支撐層及/或該補強層係分別製造,且該支撐層與該補強層連接。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該支撐層及該補強層係一起製造。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該補強層係藉由沈積多個粉末顆粒之一層設置於該支撐層上。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該支撐層及該補強層係由不同材料所製成。
- 如請求項9或10所述之製造一補強元件之方法,其中該補強層使用一3D列印方式直接製造在該支撐層上。
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DE4103389A1 (de) * | 1991-02-05 | 1992-08-06 | Albert Lang | Verfahren zum herstellen von werkstuecken zur oertlichen versteifung von gegenstaenden aus schmiegsamem material, insbesondere innenkappen fuer schuhe |
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DE102010050025B4 (de) | 2010-11-02 | 2021-04-22 | Rhenoflex Gmbh | Pulverauftragsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermoplastisch verformbaren Halbfabrikaten |
DE202012006521U1 (de) * | 2012-07-09 | 2013-10-11 | Stuppy Schuhfabrik Gmbh | Schuhsohle mit Sohlenversteifung |
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US11193019B2 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2021-12-07 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Thermoplastic polymer powder for selective laser sintering (SLS) |
DE102017002070A1 (de) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-06 | Rhenoflex Gmbh | Kunststoffzusammensetzung zur Herstellung von Versteifungsmatherialien |
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