TWI770323B - 牙植入體 - Google Patents
牙植入體 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI770323B TWI770323B TW107144352A TW107144352A TWI770323B TW I770323 B TWI770323 B TW I770323B TW 107144352 A TW107144352 A TW 107144352A TW 107144352 A TW107144352 A TW 107144352A TW I770323 B TWI770323 B TW I770323B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- core
- gap
- dental implant
- adhesive layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical group O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010921 in-depth analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0022—Self-screwing
- A61C8/0024—Self-screwing with self-boring cutting edge
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A61C8/0013—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy with a surface layer, coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0022—Self-screwing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0037—Details of the shape
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0083—Intra-gingival inserts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0093—Features of implants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/30—Compositions for temporarily or permanently fixing teeth or palates, e.g. primers for dental adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種牙植入體，其包括由金屬製成的芯體和具有內壁的套管，所述套管通過在芯體的上部上滑動而嵌套，使得所述內壁面向芯體的上部，所述套管由陶瓷或PEEK製成，在芯體和套管的內壁之間留有間隙，使得黏合劑層可以容納在由所述間隙的存在形成的空間中，其特徵在於，所述間隙的距離在5µm到30 µm之間，特別是在10µm到20µm之間。
Description
發明領域
本發明涉及一種牙植入體，其包括由金屬製成的芯體和具有內壁的套管，該套管通過在芯體的上部上滑動而嵌套，使得內壁面向芯體的上部，該套管由陶瓷或PEEK製成，在芯體和套管的內壁之間留有間隙，使得黏合劑層可以容納在由該間隙的存在而形成的空間中。
發明背景
這種牙植入體從專利EP 1 418 858中已知。在已知的牙植入體中，套管膠黏在芯體上。為此目的，在套管的內壁和芯體的上部之間留有80-150µm的間隙。該間隙能夠形成足夠的空間，以使套管和芯體之間具有良好的彈性。
已知植入體的一個缺點是存在脫黏的風險。實際上，已經確定，當將這些植入體插入緻密或不規則的頜骨中時或將這些植入體插入緻密或不規則的頜骨中之後，頜骨有時會將套管往回推並因此導致黏合劑鬆動，從而導致套管從芯體上脫離。因此，這些植入體不適合完全置於頜骨中，並且套管不能與骨接觸。
發明概要
本發明的目的是實現一種牙植入體，其中脫黏和斷裂的風險得到明顯降低。
為此目的，根據本發明的植入體的特徵在於，所述間隙的距離在5µm至30µm之間，特別是在10µm至20µm之間。該間隙值能夠出乎意料地結合以下方面：一方面，插入時和與骨接觸時良好的阻力，另一方面在芯體和套管之間保持足夠的空間從而能夠在套管和芯體之間實現一定的彈性。該間隙值還使得可以在固定在芯體上的套管的拉力測試中獲得更好的結果，並降低在該測試中斷裂的可能性。然後，該套管可以部分地或整體地嵌入骨中，並且即使在頜骨不規則的情況下，該植入體也可以完全嵌入頜骨中。
根據本發明的牙植入體的第一優選實施方式的特徵在於，製造套管的陶瓷是氧化鋯。氧化鋯是一種具有優異的生物相容性的材料，特別是當與軟組織接觸時尤為如此。
根據本發明的牙植入體的第二優選實施方式的特徵在於，黏合劑層是生物相容性雙組分環氧黏合劑層。這種黏合劑非常適合牙植入體用途。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
現在將參考唯一的附圖1更詳細地描述本發明，該附圖1示出了根據本發明的牙植入體的實施方式。
該圖1示出了根據本發明的牙植入體1的橫截面。牙植入體包括由金屬，特別是鈦製成的芯體2。鈦具有耐用、柔韌和生物相容性的優點，可用作患者口腔中的牙植入體。芯體優選地具有外螺紋，使得能夠將芯體擰入頜骨中。
套管3放置在芯體的上部並且在芯體的整個圓周上延伸。套管具有內壁並且通過在芯體的上部上滑動而嵌套，使得當植入體植入患者的頜骨中時所述內壁面向芯的上部，所述套管位於骨和口腔之間的牙齦中。
套管優選地由陶瓷製成，更具體地由氧化鋯製成。 套管也可以由PEEK製成。
在芯體和套管內壁之間留有間隙4，使得黏合劑層可以容納在由該間隙的存在而形成的空間中。間隙的距離在5µm至30µm之間，特別是在10µm至20µm之間。該間隙在套管的整個高度上延伸，使得一方面通過套管在芯體的上部上的滑動來促進嵌套，另一方面使得黏合劑層能夠在該整個高度上延伸，從而使套管和芯體之間具有良好的黏附性和良好的組裝。
用於將套管黏附在芯體上的黏合劑優選是雙組分環氧黏合劑。這種黏合劑很好地被人們所接受用於口腔的牙植入體，因為其具有生物相容性。
留下距離在5µm到30µm之間，特別是在10µm到20µm之間的間隙的優點在於出乎意料地結合了以下方面：一方面，在與頜骨接觸時套管具有良好的阻力，另一方面，為了施加的咀嚼力，在芯體和套管之間保持足夠的空間，從而在套管和芯體之間能夠具有一定的彈性。實際上，現有技術中已知的牙植入體存在套管從芯體脫離的問題。對該問題的深入分析已經可以確定，當植入體被植入患者口腔時，頜骨有時將植入體的套管往回推。這是因為骨實際上從來不是完全平坦的，即使小於1毫米級別的骨脊中的一些小的不規則性也會導致對套管的壓力。因此，由頜骨施加在套管上的這種壓力可能導致在施加植入體時黏附和組裝的鬆動，從而導致套管離開芯體。
距離在5µm到30µm之間、特別在10µm到20µm之間的該間隙值還使得可以在固定在芯體上的套管的拉力測試中獲得更好的結果，並降低在該測試中斷裂的可能性。在製造植入體時在製造車間進行這些測試，以驗證固定在芯體的套管的抗拉性。這些測試能夠確定即使使用薄的黏合劑層，在套管和芯體之間也可獲得足夠的彈性，以避免套管破裂。
根據本發明的間隙的另一個優點是在該間隙留下的空間中細菌浸潤的風險最小化。實際上，關於該極小距離的間隙，由於間隙形成的空間中填滿了生物相容性黏合劑，所以似乎可以說沒有留給細菌的空間。
1‧‧‧牙植入體
2‧‧‧芯體
3‧‧‧套管
4‧‧‧間隙
圖1示出了根據本發明的牙植入體的一個實施方式。
1‧‧‧牙植入體
2‧‧‧芯體
3‧‧‧套管
4‧‧‧間隙
Claims (3)
- 一種牙植入體，其包括由金屬製成的芯體和具有內壁的套管，所述套管通過在芯體的上部上滑動而嵌套，使得所述內壁面向芯體的上部，所述套管由陶瓷或PEEK製成，在芯體和套管的內壁之間留有間隙，使得黏合劑層可以容納在由所述間隙的存在而形成的空間中，其中該牙植入體設有阻力手段，對抗所述套管之破裂和一其中將安放該牙植入體的頜骨所施加之力，所述阻力手段係由所述間隙的距離在10μm到20μm之間而形成。
- 如請求項1所述的牙植入體，其特徵在於，製造所述套管的陶瓷是氧化鋯。
- 如請求項1或2所述的牙植入體，其特徵在於，所述黏合劑層是生物相容性雙組分環氧黏合劑層。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE2017/0171A BE1025778B1 (fr) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Implant dentaire |
| BEBE2017/0171 | 2017-12-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201940133A TW201940133A (zh) | 2019-10-16 |
| TWI770323B true TWI770323B (zh) | 2022-07-11 |
Family
ID=61054067
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW107144352A TWI770323B (zh) | 2017-12-13 | 2018-12-10 | 牙植入體 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20190175308A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP3498220B1 (zh) |
| KR (2) | KR20190070871A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN109907846B (zh) |
| BE (1) | BE1025778B1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR102018075326B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA3027067A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2785151T3 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL263615B2 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2018143477A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI770323B (zh) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6461160B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2002-10-08 | Franz Sutter | Device for holding and/or creating a dental prosthesis |
| US20110045439A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2011-02-24 | Aris-Petros Tripodakis | One piece endosseous titanium or zirconia or high stregth polymer dental implant bearing a bonded ceramic or polymer transmucosal abutment component |
| CN102885653A (zh) * | 2007-07-27 | 2013-01-23 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 牙科用植入体的制造方法以及牙科用植入体 |
| US8784104B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2014-07-22 | Grant Layton | Dental implant system and method of use |
| CN104352284A (zh) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-18 | 王茜 | 一种牙科修复方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2605165B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-13 | 1997-04-30 | 分吉 東 | 人工歯根 |
| US5510066A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1996-04-23 | Guild Associates, Inc. | Method for free-formation of a free-standing, three-dimensional body |
| ATE220958T1 (de) * | 1996-03-06 | 2002-08-15 | Guild Ass Inc | Vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen körpers |
| FR2828090B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-11-21 | Andre Benhamou | Implant a usage dentaire ou analogue, comprenant un noyau et un manchon en ceramique relies l'un a l'autre par collage |
| DE10304802A1 (de) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-08 | Neumeyer, Stefan, Dr. | Zahnimplantat sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen von Zahnersatz unter Verwendung eines Zahnimplantats |
| CN101304703B (zh) * | 2005-09-16 | 2011-11-09 | 于尔根·梅尔霍夫 | 由两部分组成的牙植入物 |
| CH702586A2 (de) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-29 | Franz Sutter | Zahnersatz und Vorrichtung zum Bilden eines Zahnersatzes. |
| EP2586398A1 (fr) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-01 | Sudimplant | Implant dentaire |
| DE102013014690B4 (de) * | 2013-09-05 | 2018-07-05 | Wolfgang Schmüdderich | Implantat mit einem enossalen Teil und System zum Zahnersatz |
| CN105147403A (zh) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 周建明 | 一种人工种植牙体 |
-
2017
- 2017-12-13 BE BE2017/0171A patent/BE1025778B1/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2018
- 2018-12-06 BR BR102018075326-6A patent/BR102018075326B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2018-12-07 RU RU2018143477A patent/RU2018143477A/ru unknown
- 2018-12-10 TW TW107144352A patent/TWI770323B/zh active
- 2018-12-10 CN CN201811503479.5A patent/CN109907846B/zh active Active
- 2018-12-10 IL IL263615A patent/IL263615B2/en unknown
- 2018-12-11 CA CA3027067A patent/CA3027067A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-11 KR KR1020180158899A patent/KR20190070871A/ko active Application Filing
- 2018-12-13 US US16/219,003 patent/US20190175308A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-13 ES ES18000966T patent/ES2785151T3/es active Active
- 2018-12-13 EP EP18000966.4A patent/EP3498220B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-08-09 US US17/883,845 patent/US20230048417A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-24 KR KR1020240054844A patent/KR20240056482A/ko active Search and Examination
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6461160B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2002-10-08 | Franz Sutter | Device for holding and/or creating a dental prosthesis |
| CN102885653A (zh) * | 2007-07-27 | 2013-01-23 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 牙科用植入体的制造方法以及牙科用植入体 |
| US20110045439A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2011-02-24 | Aris-Petros Tripodakis | One piece endosseous titanium or zirconia or high stregth polymer dental implant bearing a bonded ceramic or polymer transmucosal abutment component |
| US8784104B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2014-07-22 | Grant Layton | Dental implant system and method of use |
| CN104352284A (zh) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-18 | 王茜 | 一种牙科修复方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3498220A1 (fr) | 2019-06-19 |
| BE1025778B1 (fr) | 2019-07-10 |
| KR20240056482A (ko) | 2024-04-30 |
| EP3498220B1 (fr) | 2020-03-25 |
| CA3027067A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
| BR102018075326A2 (pt) | 2019-06-25 |
| CN109907846A (zh) | 2019-06-21 |
| BE1025778A1 (fr) | 2019-07-05 |
| IL263615B1 (en) | 2023-12-01 |
| US20190175308A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
| RU2018143477A (ru) | 2020-06-08 |
| BR102018075326B1 (pt) | 2023-03-28 |
| IL263615A (en) | 2019-03-31 |
| RU2018143477A3 (zh) | 2022-03-15 |
| KR20190070871A (ko) | 2019-06-21 |
| ES2785151T3 (es) | 2020-10-06 |
| CN109907846B (zh) | 2022-05-17 |
| TW201940133A (zh) | 2019-10-16 |
| US20230048417A1 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
| IL263615B2 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10136974B2 (en) | Molds for custom dental implant abutments and impression posts | |
| Borgonovo et al. | Evaluation of the success criteria for zirconia dental implants: A four‐year clinical and radiological study | |
| Junqueira et al. | Influence of glass fibre post length and remaining dentine thickness on the fracture resistance of root filled teeth | |
| KR100643090B1 (ko) | 임플란트용 어버트먼트 | |
| Magne et al. | Fatigue resistance and failure mode of novel‐design anterior single‐tooth implant restorations: influence of material selection for type III veneers bonded to zirconia abutments | |
| KR20190045918A (ko) | 치과용 스크류 드라이버 | |
| US20160199161A1 (en) | Attachment for denture | |
| Mehl et al. | Influence of abutment height and thermocycling on retrievability of cemented implant-supported crowns. | |
| Raes et al. | Immediate functional loading of single implants: a multicenter study with 4 years of follow-up | |
| US20190350683A1 (en) | Mid-gingival implant system | |
| TWI770323B (zh) | 牙植入體 | |
| KR20190003266A (ko) | 교정용 미니스크류 | |
| KR20130084387A (ko) | 임플란트용 어버트먼트 | |
| KR20160009418A (ko) | 치과용 임플란트의 픽스츄어 | |
| US20180055606A1 (en) | Abutment assembly and manufacturing method thereof | |
| KR102464622B1 (ko) | 나사-시멘트 유지형 보철물의 장착 보조기구 | |
| US20170245965A1 (en) | Method for dental implant insertion | |
| EP4018964A1 (en) | One-piece tissue level ceramic dental implant with a dual internal and external connection for a custom-made dental restoration | |
| RU2758761C1 (ru) | Способ изготовления цельнокерамической коронки с винтовой фиксацией на импланте | |
| EP3363407B1 (en) | Dental implant | |
| Pereverzyev | Immediate loading: principles, requirements, and soft-tissue management | |
| EP3506852B1 (en) | Dental implant cover | |
| Elshahawy et al. | FAILURE TORQUE OF A NOVEL CERAMIC-NECK TITANIUM IMPLANT | |
| Khorshid et al. | Assessment of two different Splinting materials on the immediate functional loading of Implants placed in mandibular unilateral free end saddle cases | |
| FerreIra et al. | Restorative perspective for endodontically treated teeth: Anatomic post |