TWI759300B - 作為組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑之巨環硫酯前藥 - Google Patents
作為組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑之巨環硫酯前藥 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI759300B TWI759300B TW106116785A TW106116785A TWI759300B TW I759300 B TWI759300 B TW I759300B TW 106116785 A TW106116785 A TW 106116785A TW 106116785 A TW106116785 A TW 106116785A TW I759300 B TWI759300 B TW I759300B
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- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供通式(I)之新穎巨環前藥化合物、包含式(I)化合物之醫藥組合物及藉由投與式(I)化合物治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法,其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
、R9
、R10
、R11
、A及Z於本文中定義。
Description
本發明係關於巨環組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑之前藥、其等合成及其等使用方法。
拉格唑拉(largazole) (1
)係自藍綠菌海洋藻青菌(Symploca sp.
)分離之高度官能化之巨環酯肽 (1)
(Taori, K.等人,J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008
, 130, 1806-1807;Ying, Y.等人,J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008
, 130, 8455-8459)。拉格唑拉展現格外強效及選擇性生物活性,在許多轉化及未經轉化之人類及鼠類源細胞系中生長抑制差異兩倍至十倍。拉格唑拉針對癌細胞之優異選擇性已引起對其作用模式及其作為用於發現及開發新穎癌症化學治療劑之潛在先導化合物之價值之特別關注。 拉格唑拉中之3-羥基-7-巰基庚-4-烯酸部分係若干種細胞毒性天然產物中之必要官能性,該等細胞毒性天然產物包括FK228 (FR901228) (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP03141296,1991
;Ueda, H.等人,J. Antibiot.1994
, 47, 301;Shigematsu, N.等人,J. Antibiot.1994
, 47, 311;Ueda, H.等人,J. Antibiot.1994
, 47, 315) (參見圖 1
);FR901375 (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP03141296,1991
;Ueda, H.等人,J. Antibiot.1994
, 47, 301;Shigematsu, N.等人,J. Antibiot.1994
, 47, 311;Ueda, H.等人,J. Antibiot.1994
, 47, 315)及斯普他汀(Spiruchostatin) A及B (Masuoka, Y.等人,TetrahedronLett.2001
, 42, 41),所有該等稱為組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑(HDACi) (Townsend, P.A.等人,2007
, 「The bicyclic depsipeptide family of histone deacetylase inhibitors」, Chemical Biology;Schreiber, S. L.等人編輯, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 693-720)。 組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC)係鋅金屬酶,其催化染色質中乙醯化離胺酸殘基之水解且藉此調控真核細胞中之轉錄(Somech, R.等人,Cancer Treat. Rev.2004
, 30, 461;Miller, T. A.等人,J. Med. Chem.2003
, 46, 5097;Moradei, O.等人,Curr. Med. Chem.: Anti-Cancer Agents2005
, 5, 529;Bolden, J. E.等人,Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery2006
, 5, 769)。HDAC之功能障礙通常與各種人類腫瘤相關(Marks及Breslow 2007)。因此,選擇性抑制最近已成為癌症化學療法中之主要領域(Minucci, S.等人,Nature Rev. Cancer2006 ,
6, 38)。迄今為止,已鑑別出18種HDAC且通常基於與酵母對應體之序列同源性將其分為四類(Taunton, J.等人,Science1996
, 272, 408;Grozinger, C. M.等人,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.USA1999
, 96, 4868;Johnstone, R. W., Nature Rev. Drug Disc.2002
, 1, 287)。關於癌症療法,業內存在以下新興的共識:I類HDAC係臨床相關的,且與第一代HDAC抑制劑相關之不期望毒性可與類別無差別化相關。因此,已起始旨在合成及修飾基於肽及酯肽之HDAC之計劃,目標係最佳化結構用於類別及同種型特異性抑制。 三種天然物質FK228、FR901375及斯普他汀在活體外及活體內均藉由二硫鍵之還原裂解以暴露側鏈(S)-3-羥基-7-巰基庚-4-烯酸部分之游離硫氫基殘基來活化,該硫氫基殘基配位至HDAC之活性位點Zn2+
殘基,從而產生強效抑制性效應(Yoshida, M.等人,J. Biol. Chem.1990
, 265, 17174;Yoshida, M.等人,J. Antibiot.1990
, 43, 1101)。鑒於拉格唑拉含有此眾所周知之Zn2+
結合臂,可合理地假定拉格唑拉係前藥,其在活體外藉由細胞脂酶及/或酯酶水解去除辛酸酯殘基活化且在活體內藉由細胞及/或循環血漿酯酶及/或脂酶活化,以產生推定之細胞毒性物質(2)
(「拉格唑拉硫醇」)。先前已展示FK228之硫酯類似物在基於細胞之分析中保留其抗增殖活性(WO 2007/061939;Yurek-George, A.等人,J. Med. Chem.2007
, 50, 5720)。 (2)
辛酸酯硫酯前藥殘基係拉格唑拉之獨特及區別性特徵且強調自然所提供之化學多樣性程度。另外,美國藥典(U.S. Pharmacopeia)提供大量天然藥物及其相應非天然衍生物之實例。雖然許多化合物展現針對特定生物靶標之功效及選擇性,但該等化合物之生理化學性質通常使得其在醫藥設定中之研發存在問題。因此,已逐步形成在實驗室中生成類似化合物之策略,該等類似化合物保留母化合物之生物功效,而且更適合於臨床研發及商業化(Rautio, J., Kumpulainen, H., Heimbach, T., Oliyai, R., Oh, D., Jarvinen, T.及Savolainen, J., Prodrugs: design and clinical applications, Nat Rev Drug Discov.2008
, 7(3): 255-270)。 本文闡述巨環組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑之前藥衍生物,根據該等化合物出乎意料地優異生理化學性質,這些化合物對辛酸酯硫酯而言是具吸引力之替代選擇。
本發明闡述新穎巨環前藥化合物、包含其等之醫藥組合物及針對其等製備及治療用途之新穎方法。在本發明之態樣中,本文所述之巨環前藥可抑制HDAC。在例示性應用中,該等前藥可作為抗增殖劑用於癌症療法並展現靶向各種HDAC之選擇性。 本發明之一個態樣係式(I)之前藥化合物 (I)
其中: 「A」係芳基或雜芳基,視情況經一或多個選自由以下組成之群之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; Z係-(CH2
)n
SR12
; R1
及R2
各自獨立地係H、鹵基、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R1
及R2
一起或R1
及R2
中之一者與R9
一起形成C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R3
及R4
各自獨立地係H、鹵基、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R3
及R4
一起或R3
及R4
中之一者與R10
一起形成C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
、-CONR20
R22
及-S(O)m
R20
; R5
及R6
各自獨立地係H、鹵基、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R5
及R6
一起或R5
及R6
中之一者與R11
一起形成C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R7
及R8
各自獨立地係H、鹵基、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R7
及R8
一起形成C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R9
係H、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R9
與R1
及R2
中之一者一起形成C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R10
係H、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R10
與R3
及R4
中之一者一起形成C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R11
係H、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基或C3
-C10
雜環烷基, 或R11
與R5
及R6
中之一者一起形成C3
-C8
環烷基或C3
-C8
雜環烷基, 其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基及C3
-C10
雜環烷基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C8
烷基、C3
-C8
環烷基、C3
-C8
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R12
係C(O)CR20
R22
NR20
R22
、C(O)R23
或C(O)(CH2
)q
CO2
H; R20
及R22
各自獨立地係H、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基,或R20
及R22
一起形成3-7員視情況經取代之碳環或雜環; R23
係視情況經取代之芳基或雜芳基環; n = 1至5 (例如1至4、例如1至3、例如1或2); m = 1或2;且 q = 2至8, 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 本發明之另一態樣係式(II)之前藥化合物 (II)
其中: L及Q獨立地係S、O、N或CR26
; R26
獨立地係H、鹵基、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基,其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
、R9
、R10
、R11
及Z係如上文所闡述, 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 本發明之另一態樣係式(III)之前藥化合物 (III)
其中: L、Q及Y獨立地係S、O、N或CR26
; R26
獨立地係H、鹵基、C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基,其中C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經一或多個選自以下之基團取代:C1
-C10
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C3
-C10
雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、鹵基、羥基、-CN、-COOH、-CF3
、-OCH2
F、-OR20
、-NR20
R22
、-NCOR20
R22
及-CONR20
R22
; R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
、R9
、R10
、R11
及Z係如上文所闡述, 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。在特定實施例中,其醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。在特定實施例中,其醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在特定實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在特定實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在特定實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在特定實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在特定實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係吡啶-3-硫代甲酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃(thiazolacyclotetradecaphane)-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在特定實施例中,式(I)之前藥化合物係5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 本發明之另一態樣係醫藥組合物,其包含式(I)、(II)及(III)之前藥化合物中之一或多者或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。在特定實施例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。在特定實施例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含吡啶-3-硫代甲酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物包含5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。在特定實施例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。在特定實施例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:吡啶-3-硫代甲酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 在例示性實施例中,醫藥組合物係由以下組成:5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。 本發明之另一態樣係治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法,其包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之本文所述之式(I)、(II)及(III)之前藥化合物中之一或多者。上文所提及方法之特定實施例係協同療法,其中式(I)、(II)及(III)之前藥化合物中之一或多者係在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。在特定實施例中,已知治療劑係抗癌劑。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。在特定實施例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。在特定實施例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之吡啶-3-硫代甲酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,治療由HDAC酶介導之疾病之方法包含向需要其之個體投與治療有效量之5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物。 在例示性實施例中,(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽或其溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,吡啶-3-硫代甲酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物或立體異構物係作為協同療法在投與一或多種其他已知之治療劑之前、與其同時或之後投與。 在例示性實施例中,由HDAC酶介導之疾病係癌症,例如結腸癌及/或乳癌。 在特定實施例中,個體係人類。
定義
如本文中所使用之術語「替代」係指將向個體投與之第一化合物或藥物轉換為向該個體投與之第二化合物或藥物。 如本文中所使用之術語「處於風險中」係指患者展現出會使患者易患特定疾病或病痛之醫學病狀或一組醫學病狀。舉例而言,該等病狀係因為影響所導致,這些影響包括(但不限於)行為、情緒、化學、生物化學或環境影響。 如本文中所使用之術語「有效量」係指達成臨床上有益結果(即,例如,症狀減少)之包含治療劑之醫藥組合物之特定量。此等組合物之毒性及治療效能可藉由細胞培養物或實驗動物中(例如)以測定LD50
(對50%之群體致死之劑量)及ED50
(在50%之群體中治療有效之劑量)之標準醫藥程序來測定。毒性與治療效應之間之劑量比率即為治療指數,其可表示為比率LD50
/ED50
。展現高治療指數之化合物較佳。自該等細胞培養分析及其他動物研究所獲得之數據可用於調配用於人類使用之劑量範圍。此等化合物之劑量較佳落在具有極低或無毒性之循環濃度(包括ED50
)範圍內。落在此範圍內的劑量變化端視所採用之劑型、患者敏感度及投與途徑而定。 如本文中所使用之術語「症狀」係指患者之任何觀察到之主觀或客觀之疾病或身體障礙之證據。舉例而言,主觀證據通常基於患者自陳且可包括(但不限於)疼痛、頭痛、視力障礙、噁心及/或嘔吐。或者,客觀證據通常係醫學測試之結果,包括(但不限於)體溫、全血球計數、血脂檢查、甲狀腺檢查、血壓、心率、心電圖、組織體成像掃描及其他醫學測試結果。 如本文中所使用之術語「疾病」係指活動物或其一個部位之正常狀態之任何損害,該損害中斷或改變重要功能之性能。其通常藉由有區別之徵象及症狀顯現出來,通常為對以下之反應:i) 環境因素(例如營養不良、工業危險或氣候);ii) 特定感染原(例如蠕蟲、細菌或病毒);iii) 生物體之固有缺陷(例如遺傳異常);及/或iv) 該等因素之組合。 術語「降低」、「抑制」、「減少」、「阻抑」、「減小」、「預防」及其語法等效形式(包括「較低」、「較小」等)在關於相對於經治療個體未經治療個體中任何症狀之表現使用時指示經治療個體之症狀之量及/或量值較未治療個體低由任何醫學培訓人員識別為臨床上相關之任何量。在例示性實施例中,經治療個體之症狀之量及/或量值較未經治療個體之症狀之量及/或量值低至少10%、低至少25%、低至少50%、低至少75%或低至少90%。 如本文中所使用之術語「抑制化合物」係指在使得結合配偶體對其天然配體無反應之條件下能夠與結合配偶體相互作用(例如,附接、結合等)之任何化合物。抑制化合物可包括(但不限於)小有機分子、抗體及蛋白質/肽。 如本文中所使用之術語「附接」係指介質(或載劑)與藥物之間之任何相互作用。附接可為可逆的或不可逆的。此附接包括(但不限於)共價鍵結、離子鍵結、凡得瓦力(Van der Waals force)或摩擦力及諸如此類。若藥物浸漬、併入、塗覆介質(或載劑)、與其呈懸浮液、與其呈溶液、與其混合等,則藥物附接至介質(或載劑)。 如本文中所使用之術語「藥物」或「化合物」係指能夠投與之達成期望效應之任何藥理學活性物質。藥物或化合物可為合成或天然非肽、蛋白質或肽、寡核苷酸或核苷酸、多醣或糖。 如本文中所使用之術語「投與(administered或administering)」係指向患者提供組合物以使得組合物對患者具有其預期效應之任何方法。投與之例示性方法係藉由直接機制,例如局部組織投與(即,例如血管外放置)、經口攝取、經皮貼劑、外敷、吸入、栓劑等。
如本文中所使用之術語「患者」係人類或動物且並不限於住院。舉例而言,門診病人及護理院中之人可視為「患者」。患者可係任何年齡之人類或非人類動物且因此包括成人及青少年(即,兒童)二者。術語「患者」並不意欲意味著需要醫學治療。因此,患者可自願或非自願經受實驗,無論臨床或支持基礎科學研究。 如本文中所使用之術語「個體」係指脊椎動物,較佳哺乳動物,更佳靈長類動物,更佳人類。哺乳動物包括(但不限於)人類、靈長類動物、野生動物、兇猛動物、農場動物、運動動物及寵物。 如本文中所使用之術語「親和力」係指物質或粒子之間引起其進入且保持化合之任何引力。舉例而言,對於受體具有較高親和力之抑制劑化合物將較具有較低親和力之抑制劑提供更佳之預防受體與其天然配體相互作用之效能。 如本文中所使用之術語「源自」係指化合物或序列之來源。在一個方面,化合物或序列可源自生物體或特定物種. 在另一方面,化合物或序列可源自較大之複合物或序列。 如本文中所使用之術語「測試化合物」係指視作抑制性化合物候選者之任何化合物或分子。 如本文中所使用之術語「蛋白質」係指含有藉由肽鍵接合之胺基酸殘基之任何眾多天然極其複雜之物質(例如酶或抗體),且其包括碳、氫、氮、氧及通常硫。一般而言,蛋白質包含在數百個數量級內之胺基酸。 如本文中所使用之術語「肽」係指藉由組合一種酸之胺基與另一種酸之羧基而自兩個或更多個胺基酸衍生之各種醯胺中之任一者,且其通常係藉由蛋白質之部分水解獲得。一般而言,肽包含在數十個數量級內之胺基酸。 如本文中所使用之術語「醫藥上可接受」或「藥理上可接受」係指在投與動物或人類時不產生不良、過敏性或其他不利反應之分子實體及組合物。 如本文中所使用之術語「醫藥上可接受之載劑」包括任何及所有溶劑或分散介質,其包括(但不限於)水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇及液體聚乙二醇及諸如此類)、其適宜混合物、植物油、塗料、等滲及吸收延遲劑、脂質體、市售清潔劑及諸如此類。亦可向此等載劑中併入補充性生物活性成份。 如本文中所使用之術語「經純化」或「經分離」係指組合物(例如,肽組合物)已經受處理(例如,分餾)以去除各種其他組份且該組合物實質上保留其所表現之生物活性。 如本文中所使用之術語「樣品」包括(例如)環境及生物樣品。環境樣品包括來自環境(例如土壤及水)之材料。生物樣品包括動物(例如,人類)、流體(例如,血液、血漿及血清)、固體(例如,糞便)、組織、液體食物(例如,乳)及固體食物(例如,蔬菜及水果)。舉例而言,肺部樣品可藉由支氣管肺泡灌洗(BAL)來採集,其包含源自肺組織之流體及細胞。生物樣品可包含細胞、組織提取物、體液、自細胞分離之染色體或染色體外元件、基因體DNA (在溶液中或結合至固體支持物,例如用於南方墨點(Southern blot)分析)、RNA (在溶液中或結合至固體支持物,例如用於北方墨點(Northern blot)分析)、cDNA (在溶液中或結合至固體支持物)及諸如此類。 術語「具生物活性」係指具有結構性、調節性或生物化學功能之任何分子。舉例而言,生物活性可藉由(例如)在缺少蛋白質活性之細胞中恢復野生型生長來測定。缺少蛋白質活性之細胞可藉由許多方法(例如,點突變及框移突變)來產生。互補係藉由利用表現該蛋白質、其衍生物或其部分之表現載體轉染缺少蛋白質活性之細胞來達成。 本文中所使用之術語「標記」或「可檢測之標記」係指可藉由光譜學、光化學、生物化學、免疫化學、電學、光學或化學手段檢測之任何組合物。此等標記包括具有經標記之鏈黴抗生物素蛋白偶聯物之用於染色之生物素、磁珠(例如,Dynabeads®
)、螢光染料(例如,螢光黃、Texas Red®
、玫瑰紅(rhodamine)、綠色螢光蛋白及諸如此類)、放射標記(例如,3
H、125
I、35
S、14
C或32
P)、酶(例如,辣根過氧化物酶、鹼性磷酸酶及ELISA中其他常用者)及量熱標記(例如膠體金或有色玻璃或塑膠(例如,聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、乳膠等)珠)。教示此等標記之使用之專利包括(但不限於)美國專利第3,817,837號;第3,850,752號;第3,939,350號;第3,996,345號;第4,277,437號;第4,275,149號;及第4,366,241號(所有該等均係以全文引用的方式併入本文中)。本發明中所涵蓋之標記可藉由習用方法來檢測。舉例而言,放射標記可使用照相軟片或閃爍計數器來檢測,且螢光標記物可使用光檢測器檢測發射光來檢測。酶標記通常係藉由向酶提供受質並檢測由酶對受質之作用而產生之反應產物來檢測,且量熱標記係藉由簡單地使有色標記可視化來檢測。 如本文中所使用之術語「偶聯物」係指藉由將兩個或更多個部分接合所形成之任何化合物。 如本文中所使用之「部分」或「基團」係由式、化學名稱或結構指定之任何類型之分子排列。在某些實施例之上下文中,偶聯物包含一或多個部分或化學基團。此意味著該部分之式在某些位置經取代以經接合且成為偶聯物之分子排列之一部分。然而,儘管部分可直接共價接合,但兩個或更多個部分並不意欲必須直接彼此共價接合。連接基團、交聯基團或接合基團係指將藉由共價鍵(例如(但不限於)一或多個醯胺基團)連結部分之任何分子排列。另外,儘管偶聯物可未經取代,但偶聯物可具有各種連結至連接基團及/或連結至部分之額外取代基。 如本文中所使用之「聚合物」或「聚合物群」係指由重複連接部分構成之化學物質或群。在某些實施例中,重複部分之數量較佳為3或更大或大於10。連接部分之結構可相同或其部分結構可有所變化。「單體聚合物」或「均聚物」係含有相同重複不對稱亞單元之聚合物。「共聚物」係源自兩種或更多種類型之單體物質(即兩個或更多個不同化學不對稱亞單元)之聚合物。「嵌段共聚物」係由兩種或更多種藉由共價鍵連接之聚合物亞單元構成之聚合物。 本文中所使用之術語「經取代」係指分子排列之至少一個經取代基替代之氫原子。在側氧基取代基(「=O」)之情形下,兩個氫原子經替代。當經取代時,以下基團中之一或多者為「取代基」。取代基包括(但不限於)鹵素、羥基、側氧基、氰基、硝基、胺基、烷基胺基、二烷基胺基、烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、鹵代烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、雜芳基、雜芳基烷基、雜環基及雜環烷基以及-NRa
Rb
、-NRa
C(=O)Rb
、-NRa
C(=O)NRa
NRb
、-NRa
C(=O)ORb
、-NRa
SO2
Rb
、-C(=O)Ra
、-C(=O)ORa
、-C(=O)NRa
Rb
、-OC(=O)NRa
Rb
、-OR、-SR、-SORa
、-S(=O)a
R、-OS(=O)2
Ra
及-S(=O)ORa
。另外,上述取代基可進一步經上述取代基中之一或多者取代,使得取代基包含經取代之烷基、經取代之芳基、經取代之芳基烷基、經取代之雜環基或經取代之雜環烷基。Ra
及Rb
在此上下文中可相同或不同,且獨立地係氫、烷基、鹵烷基、經取代之烷基、芳基、經取代之芳基、芳基烷基、經取代之芳基烷基、雜環基、經取代之雜環基、雜環烷基或經取代之雜環烷基。 如本文中所使用之術語「未經取代」係指不含附接至化合物之額外取代基之任何化合物。未經取代之化合物係指無額外取代基之化合物之化學構成(例如,無保護基團)。舉例而言,未經取代之脯胺酸係脯胺酸胺基酸,即使脯胺酸之胺基可視為經烷基二取代。 如本文中所使用之術語「烷基」係指含有1至10個碳原子之任何直鏈或具支鏈、非環狀或環狀、不飽和或飽和脂肪族烴,而術語「低碳數烷基」具有與烷基相同之含義但含有1至4個碳原子。術語「高碳烷基」具有與烷基相同之含義但含有5至10個碳原子。代表性飽和直鏈烷基包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基及諸如此類;而飽和具支鏈烷基包括(但不限於)異丙基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、異戊基及諸如此類。環狀烷基可藉由接合結合至同一原子之兩個烷基或藉由接合各自結合至鄰接原子之兩個烷基來獲得。代表性飽和環狀烷基包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基及諸如此類;而不飽和環狀烷基包括(但不限於)環戊烯基及環己烯基及諸如此類。環狀烷基在本文中亦稱為「同素環(homocycle或homocyclic ring)」。不飽和烷基在毗鄰碳原子之間含有至少一個雙鍵或三鍵(分別稱為「烯基」或「炔基」)。代表性直鏈及具支鏈烯基包括(但不限於)乙烯基、丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、異丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基及諸如此類;而代表性直鏈及具支鏈炔基包括(但不限於)乙炔基、丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-甲基-1-丁炔基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「芳基」係指任何芳香族碳環部分,例如(但不限於)苯基或萘基。 如本文中所使用之術語「芳基烷基」或「芳烷基」係指至少一個烷基氫原子經芳基部分(例如苄基)替代之任何烷基,但不限於-(CH2
)2
苯基、-(CH2
)3
苯基、-CH(苯基)2
及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「鹵素」係指任何氟、氯、溴或碘部分。 如本文中所使用之術語「鹵烷基」係指至少一個氫原子經鹵素替代之任何烷基,例如三氟甲基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「雜芳基」係指具有5至10個成員且具有至少一個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子且含有至少1個碳原子之任何芳香族雜環,包括(但不限於)單環及二環系統二者。代表性雜芳基包括(但不限於)呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、吡咯基、吲哚基、異吲哚基、氮雜吲哚基、吡啶基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、噁唑基、異噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、異噻唑基、嗒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、㖕啉基、呔嗪基及喹唑啉基。 如本文中所使用之術語「雜芳基烷基」意指至少一個烷基氫原子經雜芳基部分替代之任何烷基,例如-CH吡啶基、CH2
嘧啶基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「雜環」或「雜環基」「雜環狀環」係指任何4至7員單環雜環或7至10員二環雜環,其為飽和、不飽和或芳香族,且含有1至4個獨立地選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子,且其中氮及硫雜原子可視情況經氧化,且氮雜原子可視情況經四級銨化,包括任一上述雜環與苯環稠合之二環。雜環可經由任何雜原子或碳原子附接。雜環可包括例示為上文所定義之彼等之雜芳基。因此,除上文所列示之雜芳基以外,雜環亦可包括(但不限於)嗎啉基、吡咯啶酮基、吡咯啶基、六氫吡啶基、乙內醯脲基、戊內醯胺基、環氧乙烷基、環氧丙烷基、四氫呋喃基、四氫吡喃基、四氫吡啶基、四氫嘧啶基、四氫噻吩基、四氫硫吡喃基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「雜環烷基」係指至少一個烷基氫原子經雜環替代之任何烷基,例如-CH2
嗎啉基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「同素環」或「環烷基」係指含有3至7個碳原子之任何飽和或不飽和(而非芳香族)碳環,例如(但不限於)環丙烷、環丁烷、環戊烷、環己烷、環庚烷、環己烯及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「烷基胺基」意指至少一個藉助氮橋附接之烷基部分(即,-N-(烷基)n
,其中n= 1或2,例如烷基胺基或二烷基胺基),包括(但不限於)甲基胺基、乙基胺基、二甲基胺基、二乙基胺基、二乙基胺基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「烷基氧基」或「烷氧基」意指藉助氧橋附接之任何烷基部分(即,-O-烷基),例如(但不限於)甲氧基、乙氧基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「烷基硫基」意指藉助硫橋附接之任何烷基部分(即,-S-烷基),例如(但不限於)甲基硫基、乙基硫基及諸如此類。 如本文中所使用之術語「烯基」係指其中具有一或多個雙鍵之不具支鏈或具支鏈烴鏈。烯基之雙鍵可未經共軛或與另一不飽和基團共軛。適宜烯基包括(但不限於)乙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、丁二烯基、戊二烯基、己二烯基、2-乙基己烯基、2-丙基-2-丁烯基、4-(2-甲基-3-丁烯)-戊烯基。烯基可未經取代或經一或兩個適宜取代基取代。 如本文中所使用之術語「炔基」係指其中具有一或多個三鍵之不具支鏈或具支鏈烴鏈。炔基之三鍵可未經共軛或與另一不飽和基團共軛。適宜炔基包括(但不限於)乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、甲基丙炔基、4-甲基-1-丁炔基、4-丙基-2-戊炔基-及4-丁基-2-己炔基。炔基可未經取代或經一或兩個適宜取代基取代。 如本文中所使用之術語「鹽」係指任何與本文中所含之鑑別化合物複合之鹽。此等鹽之實例包括(但不限於)與無機酸(例如,鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸及諸如此類)形成之酸加成鹽及與有機酸(例如,乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、蘋果酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、抗壞血酸、苯甲酸、鞣酸、撲酸、海藻酸、聚麩胺酸、甲磺酸(甲磺酸酯)、苯磺酸(苯磺酸酯)、4-硝基苯磺酸(4-硝基苯磺酸酯)、4-溴苯磺酸(4-溴苯磺酸酯)、甲苯磺酸(甲苯磺酸酯)、萘磺酸、萘二磺酸及聚半乳糖醛酸)形成之鹽。鹽化合物亦可作為熟習此項技術者已知之醫藥上可接受之四級鹽投與,該等鹽具體而言包括式-NR,R’,R”+
Z–
之四級銨鹽,其中R、R’、R”獨立地係氫、烷基或苄基,且Z係相對離子,包括(但不限於)氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、烷氧離子、磺酸根(例如甲磺酸根、苯磺酸根、4-硝基苯磺酸根、4-溴苯磺酸根及甲苯磺酸根)、磷酸根或羧酸根(例如苯甲酸根、琥珀酸根、乙酸根、羥乙酸根、馬來酸根、蘋果酸根、富馬酸根、檸檬酸根、酒石酸根、抗壞血酸根、肉桂酸根、扁桃酸根及二苯基乙酸根)。鹽化合物亦可作為醫藥上可接受之具有經取代或未經取代之部分式之吡啶陽離子鹽投與:其中Z係相對離子,包括(但不限於)氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、烷氧離子、磺酸根離子(例如甲磺酸根離子、苯磺酸根離子、4-硝基苯磺酸根離子、4-溴苯磺酸根離子及甲苯磺酸根離子)、磷酸根離子或羧酸根離子(例如苯甲酸根離子、琥珀酸根離子、乙酸根離子、羥乙酸根離子、馬來酸根離子、蘋果酸根離子、富馬酸根離子、檸檬酸根離子、酒石酸根離子、抗壞血酸根離子、肉桂酸根離子、扁桃酸根離子及二苯基乙酸根離子)。 如本文中所使用,「反應性基團」係指親核劑、親電子劑或自由基活性基團,即在自由基存在下反應之基團。親核劑係藉由提供兩個鍵結電子與其反應配偶體(親電子劑)形成化學鍵之部分。親電子劑接受該等電子。親核劑可參與親核取代,藉此親核劑變得吸引至元素上之完全或部分正電荷且置換與其鍵結之基團。或者,親核劑可參與羰基之取代。通常藉由產生琥珀醯基酯且使該等酯與胺基烷基反應形成醯胺來使羧酸親電子。其他常見親核基團係硫醇烷基、羥基烷基、一級及二級胺以及碳親核劑(例如烯醇及烷基金屬錯合物)。揭示使用反應性基團連接蛋白質、寡醣及細胞之其他較佳方法(Lemieux及Bertozzi1998
,該文獻以全文引用的方式併入本文中)。在另一較佳方法中,一者提供反應性基團用於與包含疊氮化物之部分及炔基反應性基團進行施陶丁格連接(Staudinger ligation,即「點擊化學」)以形成三唑。亦可利用碳親核劑烯醇化物與親電子羰基之麥克加成(Michael addition),或親核一級或二級胺與醛或酮之席夫鹼(Schiff base)形成。提供生物偶聯之其他方法(Hang及Bertozzi2001 ;
及Kiick等人2002
,兩者均以全文引用的方式併入)。 如本文中所使用之術語「生物相容」係指不會在宿主中引發實質有害反應之任何材料。當外來物體引入至生活體中時,總是關心該物體將誘發免疫反應(例如將對宿主具有負面效應之發炎反應)之問題。在本發明之上下文中,生物相容性係根據其設計用於之應用來評估:舉例而言,繃帶視為與皮膚生物相容,而植入之醫學裝置視為與身體之內部組織生物相容。較佳地,生物相容材料包括(但不限於)生物可降解及生物穩定材料。若包含材料之植入物與宿主動物內之其植入位點緊密相關,則未發生實質有害反應,且反應優於ASTM中所提供材料認可及確立為適宜之組織反應。針對生物相容性測試方法之ASTM小組委員會F04.16已制定用於醫療及外科材料及裝置之生物相容性標準。舉例而言,用於與血液流接觸之材料必須由滿足血液相容性標準之材料構成。該等測試中之一者係針對紅血球之損傷(其可導致溶血亦即細胞破裂),如F 756 Practice for Assessment of Hemolytic Properties of Materials中所述,其係以引用的方式併入本文中。 如本文中所使用,「生物活性物質」係指各種化學部分之任一者且其與生物分子(例如(但不限於)肽、蛋白質、酶、受體、受質、脂質、抗體、抗原及核酸)結合。在某些較佳實施例中,生物活性物質係生物分子,但生物活性物質不意欲限於生物分子。在其他較佳實施例中,生物活性物質提供疏水性、親水性或靜電相互作用,例如在生理pH下為陰離子之多羧酸。在其他較佳實施例中,鹼性生長因子(等電點高於7)經由多羧酸鹽之有利靜電相互作用而保留,並隨後以受控及持續之方式釋放。 「癌症」係用於其中異常細胞不受控制地分裂並能夠侵襲其他組織之疾病之術語。存在100種以上不同類型之癌症。大部分癌症係針對其開始之器官或細胞之類型命名-例如,始於結腸中之癌症稱作結腸癌;始於皮膚之基底細胞中之癌症稱作基底細胞癌。癌症之主要類別包括癌瘤、肉瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤及骨髓瘤及中樞神經系統癌症。一些常見癌症類型包括(但不限於)膀胱癌、乳癌、結腸及直腸癌、子宮內膜癌、腎(腎細胞)癌、白血病、肺癌、黑色素瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma)、胰臟癌、前列腺癌、皮膚癌(非黑色素瘤)及甲狀腺癌。在一個實施例中,本文治療涵蓋之癌症包括結腸癌及乳癌。 術語「包含(comprises及comprising)」意欲具有美國專利法中通常歸屬於其之廣泛含義,且可意指「包括(includes、including)」及諸如此類。 本發明之目標係改良拉格唑拉之結構-活性關係之方法,其係藉由產生拉格唑拉類似物之前藥並尤其經由經口投用、使用齧齒類動物異種移植物及源自患者之腫瘤模型作為人類疾病之替代模型來評價其關於水溶性及最終在人類中之活體內活性之生理化學性質來實施。 在2008年,拉格唑拉係自束藻屬(Symploca
)之藍綠菌分離出來並以其Key Largo位置命名(Luesch等人,University of Florida)。該化合物在經轉化之乳腺上皮細胞系MDA-MB231中展示抗增殖活性,GI50
為7.7 nM (Taori等人2008
)。另外,拉格唑拉優先靶向癌症超過正常細胞,此使得此海洋物質成為重要之合成靶標以及潛在有價值之癌症化學治療劑(Taori等人2008
)。拉格唑拉之首次報導合成係由Luesch與同事完成(Ying等人2008b
),之後係Phillips小組(Nasveschuk等人2008
)、Cramer小組(Seiser等人2008
)、Williams小組(Bowers等人2008
)及Ghosh小組(Ghosh及Kulkarni2008
)。已提出其抗癌活性之分子基礎係組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC)抑制(Ying等人2008b
)。 已提出HDAC抑制劑係用於治療實體及血液學惡性病之新一類強效抗癌劑。HDAC之當前抑制劑(例如丁酸鈉、曲古抑菌素A (Trichostatin A,TSA)、辛二醯基苯胺異羥肟酸(SAHA)、FK228及其他)可藉由調控細胞週期阻滯、DNA損傷修復、自由基清除及細胞凋亡所需之基因及其蛋白質產物展現其抗腫瘤效應(Marks2010
)。舉例而言,SAHA已經批准用於治療晚期皮膚T細胞淋巴瘤(Marks2007
)。若干種其他HDAC抑制劑目前正處於用於癌症治療之臨床試驗中(Marks2010
)。 拉格唑拉之結構包含含有稠合至噻唑環之4-甲基噻唑啉及辛酸硫酯側鏈之16員巨環,該單元在天然產物中很少見(Taori等人2008
;Newkirk等人2009
)。已假定,化合物之巨環部分與HDAC蛋白質之表面相互作用,而側鏈將插入至HDAC之活性位點中並螯合鋅,使得受質去乙醯化終止(Newkirk等人2009
)。參見圖 1
。 為進一步定義拉格唑拉之藥效團,似乎在其進入細胞之細胞質中時,硫酯部分快速水解以產生游離硫醇基,其可與HDAC口袋底部之鋅離子相互作用並抑制酶活性。 為驗證拉格唑拉硫醇係反應性物質,製備各種例示性硫醇衍生物並評價其在腫瘤細胞生長抑制及細胞內或活體外HDAC抑制分析中之生物化學功效。該等發現指示,使用經化合物處理之細胞提取物硫醇類似物具有相似HDAC抑制(Bowers等人2008
;Ying等人2008a
;Ying等人2008b
)。在其中細胞經拉格唑拉或拉格唑拉硫醇處理之活體內實驗中,母體分子展現關於HDAC抑制之較高功效(對於硫醇代謝物IC50
為51 nM對209 nM) (Ying等人2008a
)。 關於抗增殖活性,兩個小組呈現衝突數據集:Ying等人顯示拉格唑拉及其硫醇類似物在HCT116細胞中展現相似抗生長活性,其中GI50
值分別為44 nM及38 nM (Ying等人2008b
)。Williams小組利用一系列黑色素瘤細胞以展示,拉格唑拉與其硫醇代謝物(IC50
為380-2600 nM)相比具有一致之優異功效(IC50
為45-315 nM),並將細胞毒性之差異歸因於硫酯拉格唑拉之優異滲透性(Bowers等人2008
)。為量測活體外去乙醯酶活性,使來自I類及II類之經純化之全長HDAC蛋白質與螢光團偶聯之受質及拉格唑拉或拉格唑拉硫醇一起培育。結果不僅顯示當與還原(硫醇)版本相比時,拉格唑拉本身係更弱之HDAC抑制劑,亦指示拉格唑拉對於HDAC 1、2及3之明顯偏好優於HDAC6 (Bowers等人2008
)。為解釋此基於細胞之分析中差異之缺乏,硫酯可能在實驗條件下裂解。 另外,由於羥基(-OH)不會螯合鋅,因此用-OH置換-SH阻礙HDAC分析中之毒性效應以及抑制活性(Bowers等人2008
);(Ying等人2008a
))。綜上所述,硫醇對於兩種活性均係不可缺少的。因此,可推測,抑制HDAC促進其抗腫瘤效應。自生物合成觀點來看,天然產生作為前藥而非作為靶標反應性物質之拉格唑拉以增加其穩定性並保護其免於不希望之氧化(Ying等人2008b
)。有趣的是,在天然物質FK228中已觀察到類似之保護及釋放機制(Shigematsu等人1994;Ueda等人1994a
;Ueda等人1994b
)。此獨特環狀化合物含有二硫鍵,二硫鍵由麩胱甘肽還原酶水解為丁烯基硫醇,其能夠朝鋅殘基延伸以終止HDAC活性。(參見圖 1
及Furumai等人2002
)。 由於辛醯基鏈係插入至HDAC口袋中以螯合鋅(此導致HDAC生物活性減弱)之連接體,因此製備一系列類似物以評估其之最佳長度。據信,拉格唑拉以及FK228在巨環與鋅結合基團之間併入4原子連接體。缺少整個辛醯基鏈之巨環既不可抑制HDAC,且其在細胞中亦不具有毒性活性,此進一步證實硫醇基在作為HDAC抑制劑之拉格唑拉作用中之重要性。脂肪族鏈之縮短及延長均不係有利結構修飾,如藉由活體內及活體外HDAC分析以及藉由針對HCT116結腸癌細胞系之細胞存活率分析所量測。(參見表2)。該等結果表明拉格唑拉尾之天然長度最佳(Ying等人2008a
;Ying等人2008b
;及Newkirk等人2009
)。此外,Leusch及合作人研究並報導帽區內之兩個變化:纈胺酸取代為丙胺酸及拉格唑拉差向異構物(17R) (Ying等人2008a)
。當與拉格唑拉相比時,Val-、Ala-化合物顯示所有抑制活性均降低2倍,指示纈胺酸殘基可容易地互換。差向異構物類似物作為HDAC抑制劑表現較差,暗示在位置C17處S構型之重要性(Ying等人2008a
)。最近,Zeng等人已對拉格唑拉進行其他結構活性關係研究。(Zeng等人2010
),其中其用白胺酸及苯丙胺酸代替纈胺酸且觀察到針對若干種癌細胞系之抑制活性略有降低(例如,在HCT 116細胞中拉格唑拉之GI50
為80 nM而Leu 1及Phe 1經量測分別為560 nM及260 nM)。有趣的是,當纈胺酸交換為酪胺酸時(此導致針對癌細胞之功效降低),對於正常細胞之GI50
顯著增加,因此較正常細胞系(HEK293:GI50
為100 µM;HLF:GI50
為100 µM,而在HEK293中拉格唑拉之GI50
為1.36 µM且在HLF細胞中為0.98 µM)改良治療窗(HCT-116:GI50
為0.39 µM;A549:GI50
為1.46 µM)。因此,提出利用Tyr修飾拉格唑拉可迫使化合物在癌症中選擇HDAC而非正常細胞(Zeng等人2010
)。 巨環HDAC抑制劑(例如拉格唑拉)具有作為用於研究HDAC生物學之工具之潛力,而同時由於對於正常細胞,拉格唑拉傾向於殺死癌細胞,因此提供作為癌症治療劑之顯著前景(即,包含較大之治療窗)。拉格唑拉之吸引力亦在於其對I類去乙醯酶具有高度選擇性之事實,此特徵在HDAC抑制劑中罕有觀察到。 本發明之醫藥組合物可採取任何適宜形式用於所期望的投與途徑。倘若該組合物欲經口投與,則可使用任何適宜經口遞送劑型,包括(但不限於)錠劑、膠囊(固體或液體填充)、粉劑、顆粒、糖漿及其他液體、酏劑、吸入劑、口含錠、菱形錠劑及溶液。可注射組合物或i.v.輸注液亦以溶液、懸浮液及乳液形式提供。在特定實施例中,組合物係經口投與。在例示性實施例中,口服劑量範圍為0.05 mg/kg至40 mg/kg,例如0.1 mg/kg至30 mg/kg、例如1 mg/kg至30 mg/kg、例如2 mg/kg至20 mg/kg、例如5 mg/kg至20 mg/kg、例如10 mg/kg至15mg/kg。 在例示性實施例中,本發明之醫藥組合物可含有一或多種額外治療劑以(例如)增加效能或減少不期望之副作用。在特定實施例中,醫藥組合物進一步含有一或多種可用於治療或抑制由HDAC直接或間接介導之疾病之額外治療劑。此等藥劑之實例包括(但不限於)用以治療或抑制癌症、杭丁頓氏症(Huntington’s disease)、囊性纖維化、肝纖維化、腎纖維化、肺纖維化、皮膚纖維化、類風濕性關節炎、糖尿病或心臟衰竭之藥劑。 在具體實施例中,欲納入之額外治療劑係抗癌劑。抗癌劑之實例包括(但不限於)烷基化劑,例如環磷醯胺、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)及順鉑;抗代謝物,例如胺甲喋呤(methotrexate)、巰基嘌呤、硫鳥嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶及阿糖胞苷;植物鹼,例如長春鹼(vinblastine)及太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel);抗腫瘤抗生素,例如多柔比星(doxorubicin)、博來黴素(bleomycin)及絲裂黴素(mitomycin);激素/抗激素,例如普賴松(prednisone)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)及氟他胺(flutamide);其他類型之抗癌劑,例如天冬醯胺酶、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、視黃酸及衍生物、群落刺激因子、阿米福汀(amifostine)、喜樹鹼(camptothecin)、托泊替康(topotecan)、沙利竇邁(thalidomide)類似物(例如雷利竇邁(lenalidomide))、CDK抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑(例如萬科(Velcade))及其他HDAC抑制劑。 在另一實施例中,本發明提供抑制或治療有需要之個體之自異常細胞增殖及/或分化引起之疾病的方法,其包含向該個體投與治療有效量之一或多種本發明之化合物。在一個實施例中,抑制或治療疾病之方法包含向有需要之個體投與包含有效量之一或多種本發明之化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑的組合物。欲投與之組合物可進一步含有治療劑(例如抗癌劑)。 本發明之化合物在本文中由其化學結構及/或化學名稱定義,且通常根據IUPAC或CAS命名系統列出。可使用熟習此項技術者熟知之縮寫。在藉由化學結構及化學名稱二者來提及化合物且化學結構與化學名稱相衝突時,則意欲由化學結構決定化合物之身份。 本發明之式I化合物係根據一般方案即方案 I
來合成:方案 I 中間體氯化物1
可藉由已公開之PCT申請案WO 2015/183897中所闡述之方法來製備。通式2
之硫代酸中間體及通式3
之硫酯中間體可藉由業內可獲得之眾所周知之方法來合成。在鹼(例如碳酸鉀)及碘化鉀存在下偶合1
及2
提供相應硫酯中間體3
。利用酸(例如三氟乙酸)使3
Boc去保護提供一級胺4
。然後藉由用適當酸處理4
形成鹽提供銨鹽5
。或者,3
可利用還原劑(例如水合肼)水解,得到相應硫醇6
,然後使用偶合劑(例如HATU)使硫醇6
與羧酸7
反應,得到相應硫酯8
。在羧酸7
含有Boc保護基團之情形下,可利用酸(例如三氟乙酸)使所得中間體化合物9
去保護,得到一級胺10
。然後藉由用適當酸處理形成鹽提供銨鹽11
。實例
提出以下實例僅用於說明性目的且並不意欲限制本發明之範圍。實例 1
:(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽之製備。 步驟 1
:(R)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯之製備。將(7S,10S)-10-((E)-4-氯丁-1-烯-1-基)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(15 g, 0.03 mol)、(R)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸(butanethioic S-acid)(12.5 g, 0.06 mol)、K2
CO3
(11.2 g, 0.09 mol)及KI (0.89 g, 0.006 mol)溶解於150 mL乙腈中,並將所得混合物升溫至60-65℃且在氮下攪拌。16小時之後,使混合物冷卻至20℃,添加300 mL水,並用乙酸乙酯(2×200 mL)萃取所得懸浮液。使合併之有機相經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物藉由急速管柱層析(用乙酸乙酯/石油醚= 1/1至4/1溶析)進行純化,得到(R)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(17.0 g,80%產率)。步驟 2
:(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽之製備。將(R)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(1.7 g, 0.025 mol)溶解於150 mL二氯甲烷中,並在10℃下添加三氟乙酸(22.5 mL)。在氮下在10℃下攪拌4小時之後,將混合物濃縮至乾燥且將殘餘物溶解於100 mL乙酸乙酯中,並用10 mL 4M HCl/乙酸乙酯溶液進行處理。然後將混合物用石油醚(100 mL)進行處理並藉由過濾收集所得白色固體並乾燥,得到(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽(0.40 g,26%產率)。質譜(m/z): 582.8 (M+1)。實例 2 :
(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽之製備。 步驟 1
:(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯。將(7S,10S)-10-((E)-4-氯丁-1-烯-1-基)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(40 g, 0.0825 mol)、(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁-酸(38.5 g, 0.165 mol)、K2
CO3
(34.1 g, 0.247 mol)及KI (2.7 g, 0.0163 mol)溶解於400 mL乙腈中並在氮下在60-65℃下攪拌20小時。使混合物冷卻至20℃,添加水(300 mL)並用乙酸乙酯(2×200 mL)萃取所得懸浮液。合併有機相,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物藉由急速管柱層析(用乙酸乙酯/石油醚= 1/1至4/1溶析)進行純化,得到(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(49.8 g,89%產率)。步驟 2
:(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽。將(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(47.8 g, 0.07 mol)溶解於二氯甲烷(400 mL)中,並在氮下攪拌的同時在10℃至20℃下逐滴添加三氟乙酸(65 mL)。添加後,將混合物在15℃至20℃下攪拌3小時,在此期間再添加等分試樣之三氟乙酸(20 mL),且在15℃至20℃下再繼續攪拌1.5小時。然後將溶液在真空下濃縮至接近乾燥並將殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯(250 mL)中。然後在介於10℃至15℃之間之溫度下攪拌的同時添加20 mL 4M HCl/乙酸乙酯溶液,從而形成漿液。然後添加250 mL正庚烷,並將固體過濾,用正庚烷沖洗並在真空中乾燥,得到呈白色固體之(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽,其含有一些殘餘庚烷。(49.0 g,100%產率)。質譜(m/z): 582.8 (M+1)實例 3 :
(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽之製備。在20-25℃下將實例2步驟1之產物((S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯) (1 eq.)溶解於乙腈(10 vol)中,並將混合物用苯磺酸(3 eq.)進行處理。在室溫下攪拌5小時之後,藉由傾析去除溶劑,用THF (5 vol)處理殘餘油狀物,並將所得混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。藉由過濾收集所得白色固體並在真空中乾燥,得到(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽(90%產率;98%純度)。1
HNMR (d6
-DMSO) δ:0.56至0.57 (m, 3H), 0.76至0.78 (m, 3H), 0.92至0.94 (m, 3H), 0.96至0.98 (m, 3H), 1.45至1.48 (m, 3H), 1.70至1.72 (m, 3H), 2.07至2.16 (m, 2H), 2.27至2.28 (m, 2H), 2.93至2.95 (m, 1H), 2.94至2.95 (m, 1H), 2.97至3.1 (m, 1H), 4.13至4.15 (m, 1H), 4.28至4.33 (1H), 4.92至5.0 (m, 1H), 5.61至5.64 (m, 3H), 7.29至7.32 (m, 3H), 7.57至7.60 (m, 2H), 7.88至7.92 (m, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 3H), 8.48至8.50 (m, 1H)。實例 4 :
(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽。 步驟 1
:(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮之製備。在室溫下向來自實例2之(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(1:1)鹽酸鹽(1.5 g, 2.43 mmol)於乙腈(30 mL)中之溶液一次性添加N2
H4
•H2
O (620 mg, 12.15 mmol)。將混合物在氮下在室溫下攪拌2小時,在此期間添加丙酮(20 mL)。將混合物濃縮並將殘餘物溶解於二氯甲烷(50 mL)中。用1 M檸檬酸溶液(3×20 mL)、飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(2×20 mL)及鹽水(20 mL)洗滌有機層。使有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮,得到呈無色油狀物之(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(0.90 g),其直接用於下一步驟中。步驟 2
:(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯之製備。向(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(450 mg, 0.93 mmol)於二氯甲烷(30 mL)中之混合物添加HATU (530 mg, 1.40 mmol)、二異丙基乙胺(486 μL, 2.33 mmol)及(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)丙酸(194 mg, 1.03 mmol)。將混合物在氮下在室溫下攪拌16小時,在此期間添加1 M氯化銨水溶液(20 mL)。用二氯甲烷(2×20 mL)萃取水相並將合併之有機相用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(20 mL)、鹽水(20 mL)洗滌,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速矽膠層析(二氯甲烷/甲醇= 40/1)純化殘餘物得到呈黃色油狀物之(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(310 mg,51%產率)。步驟 3
:(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽之製備。在0℃下向(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(300 mg, 0.46 mmol)於二氯甲烷(30 mL)中之溶液分三等份添加三氟乙酸(157 mg, 1.38 mmol)。將混合物在氮下在0℃下攪拌4小時且然後濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於H2
O (10 mL)中,冷卻至0℃並添加草酸(41 mg, 0.46 mmol)。將混合物在0℃下攪拌30分鐘且然後置於凍乾器上以獲得(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽(218 mg,74%產率),其含有少量但不同量之相應三氟乙酸鹽,如藉由19
F NMR證明。質譜(m/z): 554.1 (M+1)實例 5 :
(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽。使用針對實例3所闡述之方案製備該產物。分離呈白色固體之(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽(21 mg,55%產率),其含有少量但不同量之相應三氟乙酸鹽,如藉由19
F NMR證明。質譜(m/z): 554.1 (M+1)。實例 6 :
2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯。2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯之製備。在室溫下向(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(500 mg, 1.04 mmol)及2-(二甲基胺基)乙酸(117 mg, 1.04 mmol)於二氯甲烷(20 mL)中之混合物添加HATU (583 mg, 1.56 mmol)及DIPEA (550 μL, 3.12 mmol)。將混合物在氮下在室溫下攪拌16小時,在此期間添加20 mL飽和氯化銨溶液。分離各層並用二氯甲烷(2×20 mL)萃取水相。將合併之有機層用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(20 mL)、鹽水(20 mL)洗滌,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。兩步純化,首先使用矽膠層析(二氯甲烷/甲醇= 10/1),隨後為製備型HPLC,得到呈白色固體之2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(170 mg,29%產率)。質譜(m/z): 568.2 (M+1)。 製備型HPLC純化條件: 儀器:SHIMADZU製備型HPLC系統 移動相:A:於H2
O中之0.01 M NH4
HCO3
;B:ACN 管柱:Luna C18 250*30, 10 um, 100A 流速:80 ml/min 監測器波長:220 nm及254 nm 梯度: 時間 B% 0.00 30 25.0 60 25.10 100 30.10 30實例 7 :
吡啶-3-硫代甲酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯。在室溫下向來自實例3之(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(300 mg, 0.62 mmol)及菸鹼酸(76 mg, 0.62 mmol)於二氯甲烷(20 mL)中之混合物添加HATU (304 mg, 0.80 mmol)及DIPEA (261 μL, 1.5 mmol)。將混合物在氮下在室溫下攪拌16小時,在此期間添加飽和氯化銨溶液(20 mL)。分離各層並用二氯甲烷(2×20 mL)萃取水相。將合併之有機層用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(20 mL)、鹽水(20 mL)洗滌,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。使用矽膠層析(二氯甲烷/甲醇= 10/1)純化得到呈白色固體之2-(二甲基胺基)硫代乙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯(116 mg,32%產率)。質譜(m/z): 558.1 (M+1)。實例 8 :
5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸。在N2
下在25℃下向四氫呋喃-2,5-二酮(74.65 mg, 0.75mmol)及DMAP (9.11 mg, 76 umol)於吡啶(200 uL)及乙腈(2.00 mL)之混合物中之攪拌溶液添加來自實例3之(7S,10S)-7-異丙基-10-((E)-4-巰基丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-2,5,8,12-四酮(360 mg, 0.75 mmol)。將該無色溶液在25℃下攪拌15 h且然後濃縮。粗產物藉由製備型HPLC (HCO2
H系統)進行純化且然後凍乾,得到呈白色固體之5-(((E)-4-((7S,10S,Z)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-3,6,13-三氮雜-1(4,2)-噻唑雜環十四蕃-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)硫基)-5-側氧基戊酸(180 mg,41%產率)。質譜(m/z): 583.3 (M+1)。 製備型HPLC純化條件: 儀器:Gilson 281半製備型HPLC系統 移動相:A:FA/H2
O=0.1% v/v;B:ACN 管柱:YMC-Actus Triart C18 150*30 5 um 流速:25 mL/min 監測器波長:220 nm及254 nm 梯度: 時間 B% 0.00 20 8.0 45 10.0 45 10.2 100 11.7 100 11.9 20 13.9 20實例 9 :
使用HCT-116異種移植物之腫瘤生長抑制。 使用6至8週齡之雌性BALB/c裸小鼠(Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing)進行異種移植物實驗。建立皮下HCT-116 CRC異種移植物並容許生長直至其達到大約150mm3
為止(第0天)。將動物隨機化至治療組:媒劑及實例1之化合物(n = 5隻/組)。實例2之化合物藉由經口胃管灌食以60 mg/kg每天一次(qd)一週投與連續5天。參見圖 2
。由同一研究者每3-4天利用數位卡尺量測腫瘤之兩個垂直直徑。根據以下公式計算腫瘤體積:TV (mm3
) = (長度[mm]× (寬度[mm]2) / 2。每3-4天量測動物體重作為毒性指數。參見圖 4
。利用實例3之化合物進行類似結構之研究,如圖 3
及5
中所示。 表1繪示所選擇化合物在兩個不同pH值下之水溶性值且表2顯示大鼠中之藥物動力學數據。 表1.
表2.
*10 mg/kg;媒劑(0.02 N HCl sol.) **15 mg/kg;媒劑(0.1 N 檸檬酸鹽緩衝劑) Cmax =最大血漿濃度 Tmax =至Cmax之時間 AUCINF =血漿濃度對時間曲線(自0至無限大)下之面積 表1中所示之數據顯示作為代表本發明之硫酯前藥之實例1至6之化合物在兩個不同pH值下之適宜水溶性值。表2展示本發明之硫酯前藥(由實例1至7之化合物代表)在大鼠中當以10 mg/kg或15 mg/kg經口投用時亦展現意外之良好藥物動力學(PK)性質。 儘管本發明已參照多個實施例進行特定顯示及闡述,但熟習此項技術者應瞭解,在不背離本發明之精神及範圍之情形下可對本文中所揭示之各個實施作出形式及細節變化且本文中所揭示之各個實施例並不意欲用作對申請專利範圍之範圍之限制。本文中所引用之所有參考文獻均係以全文引用的方式併入本文中。參考文獻
Bowers, A., West, N., Taunton, J., Schreiber, S.L., Bradner, J.E.,及Williams, R.M. 2008. Total synthesis and biological mode of action of largazole: a potent class I histone deacetylase inhibitor. J Am. Chem. Soc. 130(33): 11219-11222。 Furumai, R., Matsuyama, A., Kobashi, N., Lee, K.-H., Nishiyama, M., Nakajima, H., Tanaka, A., Komatsu, Y., Nishino, N., Yoshida, M.及Horinouchi, S. 2002. FK228 (depsipeptide) as a natural prodrug that inhibits class I histone deacetylases. Cancer Res. 62(17): 4916-4921。 Ghosh, A.K.及Kulkarni, S. 2008. Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-largazole, a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase. Org. Lett. 10(17): 3907-3909。 Hang, H.C.及Bertozzi, C.R. 2001. Chemoselective approaches to glycoprotein assembly. Accounts of Chemical Research 34(9): 727-736。 Kiick, K.L., Saxon, E., Tirrell, D.A.及Bertozzi, C.R. 2002. Incorporation of azides into recombinant proteins for chemoselective modification by the Staudinger ligation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99(1): 19-24。 Koho, K.T. 1991. In (編輯F.P.C. Ltd)。 Lemieux, G.A.及Bertozzi, C.R. 1998. Chemoselective ligation reactions with proteins, oligosaccharides and cells. Trends in Biotechnology 16(12): 506-513。 Marks, P.A. 2010. The clinical development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as targeted anticancer drugs. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 19(9): 1049-1066。 Marks, P.A.及Breslow, R. 2007. Dimethyl sulfoxide to vorinostat: development of this histone deacetylase inhibitor as an anticancer drug. Nat. Biotechnol. 25(1): 84-90。 Masuoka, Y., Shin-Ya, K., Furihata, K., Nagai, K., Suzuki, K., Hayakawa, Y.及Seto, H. 2001. Phoenistatin, a new gene expression-enhancing substance produced by Acremonium fusigerum. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 54(2): 187-190。 Minucci, S.及Pelicci, P.G. 2006. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 6(1): 38-51。 Nasveschuk, C.G., Ungermannova, D., Liu, X.及Phillips, A.J. 2008. A concise total synthesis of largazole, solution structure, and some preliminary structure activity relationships. Org. Lett. 10(16): 3595-3598。 Newkirk, T.L., Bowers, A.A.及Williams, R.M. 2009. Discovery, biological activity, synthesis and potential therapeutic utility of naturally occurring histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat. Prod. Rep. 26(10): 1293-1320。 Rautio, J., Kumpulainen, H., Heimbach, T., Oliyai, R., Oh, D., Jarvinen, T.及Savolainen, J. 2008. Prodrugs: design and clinical applications. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7(3): 255-270。 Seiser, T., Kamena, F.及Cramer, N. 2008. Synthesis and biological activity of largazole and derivatives. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl 47(34): 6483-6485。 Shigematsu, N., Ueda, H., Takase, S., Tanaka, H., Yamamoto, K.及Tada, T. 1994. FR901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968. II. Structure determination. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 47(3): 311-314。 Taori, K., Paul, V.J.及Luesch, H. 2008. Structure and activity of largazole, a potent antiproliferative agent from the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(6): 1806-1807。 Ueda, H., Manda, T., Matsumoto, S., Mukumoto, S., Nishigaki, F., Kawamura, I.及Shimomura, K. 1994a. FR901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968. III. Antitumor activities on experimental tumors in mice. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 47(3): 315-323。 Ueda, H., Nakajima, H., Hori, Y., Goto, T.及Okuhara, M. 1994b. Action of FR901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by Chromobacterium violaceum no. 968, on Ha-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 58(9): 1579-1583。 Ying, Y., Liu, Y., Byeon, S.R., Kim, H., Luesch, H.及Hong, J. 2008a. Synthesis and activity of largazole analogues with linker and macrocycle modification. Org. Lett. 10(18): 4021-4024。 Ying, Y., Taori, K., Kim, H., Hong, J.及Luesch, H. 2008b. Total synthesis and molecular target of largazole, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(26): 8455-8459。 Zeng, X., Yin, B., Hu, Z., Liao, C., Liu, J., Li, S., Li, Z., Nicklaus, M.C., Zhou, G.及Jiang, S. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of largazole and derivatives with promising selectivity for cancers cells. Org. Lett. 12(6): 1368-1371。
以下各圖圖解說明本發明之具體實施例,但不意欲另外限制本文所闡述之本發明之範圍。圖 1
繪示用於進行HDAC抑制之拉格唑拉及FK228之活化。拉格唑拉作為前藥,在水解後轉化為相應「活性」硫醇形式,其藉由螯合鋅離開酶之活性位點而使HDAC去活化。類似地,FK228中二硫鍵之還原釋放強效抑制HDAC之分子之「活性」硫醇形式。圖 2
繪示在裸小鼠中使用暴露於實例2之化合物(30 mg/kg p.o.,qdx5)之HCT-116結腸直腸癌異種移植物之腫瘤生長抑制研究之結果。圖 3
繪示在裸小鼠中使用暴露於實例3之化合物(40 mg/kg p.o.,qd;60 mg/kg p.o.,qd及80 mg/kg p.o.,qd)之HCT-116結腸直腸癌異種移植物之腫瘤生長抑制研究之結果。圖 4
繪示自圖2中所描述之研究所得之所觀察到之動物重量量測值。圖 5
繪示在人類化小鼠中使用暴露於實例3之化合物之患者源結腸直腸癌腫瘤之腫瘤生長抑制研究之結果。
Claims (8)
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該硫醇化合物6係藉由HATU處理與式7化合物偶合。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該式9化合物係藉由三氟乙酸處理使之去保護為式10化合物。
- 如請求項2之方法,其中該酸HX係選自由以下組成之群:鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、蘋果酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、抗壞血酸、苯甲酸、鞣酸(tannic acid)、撲酸(pamoic acid)、海藻酸、聚麩胺酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、4-硝基苯磺酸、4-溴苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、萘二磺酸及聚半乳糖醛酸。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該式9化合物係選自由以下組成之群:(R)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯;(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯;(S)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯;及(R)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯。
- 如請求項2之方法,其中該式11化合物係選自由以下組成之群:(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基 -2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽;(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯鹽酸鹽;(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基硫代丁酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯苯磺酸鹽;(S)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽;及(R)-2-胺基硫代丙酸S-((E)-4-((7S,10S)-7-異丙基-4,4-二甲基-2,5,8,12-四側氧基-9-氧雜-16-硫雜-3,6,13,18-四氮雜二環[13.2.1]十八-1(17),15(18)-二烯-10-基)丁-3-烯-1-基)酯草酸鹽。
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JP2023139183A (ja) | 2023-10-03 |
US11203602B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
US20220017538A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
CA3025045A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
JP7377242B2 (ja) | 2023-11-09 |
HK1250948A1 (zh) | 2019-01-18 |
JP2021178855A (ja) | 2021-11-18 |
JP6691958B2 (ja) | 2020-05-13 |
TW202348604A (zh) | 2023-12-16 |
JP2020125315A (ja) | 2020-08-20 |
WO2017201278A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
IL263159B (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CN111205350A (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
IL263159A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
TWI828068B (zh) | 2024-01-01 |
TW202225171A (zh) | 2022-07-01 |
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