TWI759258B - 農藥調配物、製造方法及使用方法 - Google Patents
農藥調配物、製造方法及使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI759258B TWI759258B TW104119911A TW104119911A TWI759258B TW I759258 B TWI759258 B TW I759258B TW 104119911 A TW104119911 A TW 104119911A TW 104119911 A TW104119911 A TW 104119911A TW I759258 B TWI759258 B TW I759258B
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Abstract
本案揭示用於處理植物的農藥調配物,該調配物含有聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在300-400的範圍內)或其混合物作為助溶劑,適當時還含有添加劑;亦揭示一種製備這些調配物的方法,及其用於處理植物和/或其生境、增加調配物的效力和植物相容性、以及減少這些調配物的揮發性排放潛能。
Description
本文揭示用於處理植物的農藥調配物、製備這些調配物的方法以及其用於處理植物和/或其生境的方法。
農藥活性組分(有時也稱為農藥活性成分)通常為固體顆粒、晶體樣顆粒或油狀液體,它們在水中不分散,或難於分散,但最終使用時它們將被製成水性懸浮液。這些農藥活性成分,如除草劑、殺害蟲劑(pesticide)和殺昆蟲劑(insecticide)等,有時先被溶解在水不混溶性溶劑中。當溶解在水不混溶性溶劑中時,這種農藥活性成分被稱為乳劑(EC)。
任選地,在將該溶液於水中乳化前加入表面活性劑。水不混溶性溶劑中的該活性成分的溶液還便於如運輸、儲存和/或用水配製。
有時已在調配物中加入一定量的水,預先形成水基乳劑(EW)。一種特殊類型的EW是所謂的微乳劑(ME),其中,水不混溶性溶劑與活性成分的液滴非常小,以至於光不被散射,由此提供水樣透明的或半透明的液體。
這些EC或EW調配物含有例如乳化劑和/或分散劑、溶劑以及助溶劑如VOC。通常,這些農藥活性化合物調配物的藥效非常好。
常用來提供EC或EW的溶劑包括芳香烴類,如埃克森美孚公司的SOLVESSO®溶劑;鏈烷烴類,如埃克森美孚公司的EXXSOL®溶劑;環烴類,如環己酮和異佛爾酮;吡咯烷酮類溶劑,如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);和酯類溶劑,如甲基油酸酯以及埃克森美孚公司的EXXATE®溶劑。這些
溶劑通常具有以下缺點,即它們對接觸它們的使用者具有顯著的毒性,它們高度揮發,和/或它們的閃點導致它們被認為高度易燃。
因此,除殺害蟲調配物中存在的活性成分外,美國環境保護署還審查殺害蟲調配物中的其它成分。在歐洲,歐盟委員會正在立法規範揮發性有機化合物(VOC)的使用,目前處於最後階段,並將很快就要求在含這類VOC的調配物上貼上環保標籤。此外,加拿大和德國已存在貼標籤的體系。
在對能改善這類調配物的環境特徵的新農藥助劑的研究中,我們研發出了能替代上述VOC助溶劑的替代物。但是,替代所述VOC助溶劑的標準是該替換不影響到所得調配物的品質或性能。因此,活性化合物的量應盡可能地維持得低,且活性化合物的作用不應被降低。同時,應確保調配物易於通過例如常規的機械化操作而施用到田間。
還希望提供的是新穎的農藥EC或EW調配物,這類調配物允許所配製的活性化合物或所配製的活性化合物的組合經由葉子的攝入得到顯著提高,顯示出明顯改善的生物學作用。因此,在另一實施方式中,本公開涉及作物處理組合物,該組合物含有本文公開的農藥調配物。
本文描述的方法和調配物提供了一種提高活性化合物或活性化合物組合的藥效的方法。
本文還揭示一種降低調配物中活性化合物或活性化合物組合的揮發性排放潛能的方法。
另一實施方式中,揭示一種處理植物或保護植物以防治害蟲的方法。
本文實施方式中所揭示的調配物除含有所討論的農藥活性化合物以外,還可含有至少一種乳化劑、任選的至少一種分散劑、至少一種溶劑、及聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在300-400的範圍內)或其混合物。還可存在一種或多種農藥學上可接受的添加劑。
本發明調配物中每種成分的濃度可在較寬的範圍內變動。
因此,農藥活性化合物或農藥活性化合物組合的含量為0.1wt%到60wt%,優選5wt%到50wt%。乳化劑的含量可以為0.5wt%到80wt%,優選
o.5wt%到60wt%。分散劑的含量可以為0wt%到10wt%,優選0.5wt%到5wt%。溶劑的含量可以為5wt%到80wt%,優選10wt%到40wt%。聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)或其混合物的含量通常是10wt%到90wt%,優選15wt%到60wt%。調配物中每種組分以及可能存在的其它成分或添加劑的總和總是100%。
本發明調配物的組分通常以至少下述量和形式存在(除非另有說明,所提及的所有數值均為基於調配物總重的重量百分比):a)所述農藥活性化合物為0.1wt%到60wt%;b)所述溶劑為5wt%到80wt%;c)所述乳化劑為0.5wt%到80wt%;d)所述聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)或其混合物的含量可以為10wt%到90wt%;e)所述任選的分散劑為0wt%到10wt%;f)一種或多種任選的農藥學上可接受的其他添加劑,其存在的量使得所有成分重量百分比之和為100%。
用於作物保護試劑配方的調配物中的每一種農藥活性成分以及多種或全部其它成分都是本領域技術人員已知的,且可從市場上購買獲得。
合適的農藥活性化合物優選為具有殺昆蟲、殺蟎蟲、殺線蟲和/或殺真菌特性的物質。
合適的殺蟲劑包括阿巴菌素(Abamectin)、多殺菌素(Spinosad)、乙基多殺菌素(Spinetoram)、吡蟲啉(Imidacloprid)、毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos)、毒蜱硫磷(Oxyfluorfen)、噻蟲胺(clothianidin)、噻蟲啉(thiacloprid)、噻蟲嗪(thiamethoxam)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、啶蟲脒(acetamiprid)、呋蟲胺
(dinotefuran)、虱蟎脲(lufenuron)、聯苯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氯氰菊酯(cyperimethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、天然除蟲菊素(natural pyrethrum)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、β-氟氯氰菊酯、甲硫威(methiocarb)、硫雙威(thiodicarb)、涕滅威(aldicarb)以及可能提及的例子包括酮烯醇衍生物。
合適的殺真菌劑包括選自下組的活性化合物:唑類,甲氧基丙烯酸酯(strobilurin)衍生物,以及氨基酸衍生物。可提及的例子包括戊唑醇(Tebuconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、環唑醇(cyproconazole)、滅菌唑(triticonazole)、三唑醇(triadimenol)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、雙唑草腈(pyraclostrobin)、環丙醯菌胺(carpropamid)和異丙菌威(iprovalicarb)。
本文所述的調配物特別適合用來配製具有殺昆蟲活性的化合物。具體而言,本文所述的配方特別適合用來配製來自大環內酯類的活性化合物,如活性化合物阿巴菌素、多殺菌素和乙基多殺菌素。在相同的優選方式中,上述活性化合物阿巴菌素、多殺菌素或乙基多殺菌素的調配物還可與其它農藥活性化合物如其它的殺昆蟲劑、殺真菌劑、改善植物相容性的活性化合物(安全劑)或促進植物生長的物質等組合使用。
本文所述的調配物特別好地適用於配製農藥活性化合物阿巴菌素。阿巴菌素被認為是特別優選的活性化合物,它可用本文所述的調配物以特別有利的方式配製,任選地與其它農藥活性化合物、期望的其它作物保護試劑組合。
合適的乳化劑包括具有表面活性劑特性的常規用於農藥組合物中的非離子型、陰離子型或陽離子型化合物。舉例而言,這些化合物包括脂肪酸、脂肪酯、脂肪醇、脂肪胺、烷基酚或烷基芳基酚與環氧乙烷和/或環氧丙烷和/或環氧丁烷的反應產物,以及它們的硫酸酯、磷酸單酯和磷酸二酯;脂肪酸、脂肪酯、脂肪醇、脂肪胺、烷基酚或烷基芳基酚與環氧乙烷和丙烯的反應產物的反應產物;以及烷基磺酸酯、烷基硫酸酯、芳基硫酸酯、四烷基銨鹵化物、三烷基芳基銨鹵化物和烷基胺磺酸酯。可單獨使用乳化劑,或使用乳化劑的混合物或乳化劑與其它添加劑(包括其它乳化劑)的混合
物。優選的例子包括莫耳比為1:20到1:60的蓖麻油與環氧乙烷之間的反應產物,莫耳比為1:5到1:50的C6-C20醇與環氧乙烷之間的反應產物,莫耳比為1:2到1:25的脂肪胺與環氧乙烷之間的反應產物,1莫耳苯酚與2-3莫耳的苯乙烯以及10-50莫耳的環氧乙烷之間的反應產物,莫耳比為1:5到1:30的C8-C12烷基酚與環氧乙烷之間的反應產物,烷基糖苷,和C8-C16烷基苯磺酸的鹽如鈣鹽、一乙醇銨鹽、二乙醇銨鹽和三乙醇銨鹽。
可提及的合適的非離子型乳化劑例子是已知名為Sapogenat T180(科萊恩公司的三仲丁基苯酚乙氧化物)、Alkamuls OR36(羅地亞(Rhodia)公司的蓖麻油乙氧化物)和Emulsogen TS54(科萊恩公司的三苯乙烯基酚乙氧化物)的產品。優選的用於本文所述調配物的是三苯乙烯基酚乙氧化物(Emulsogen TS54)。
可提及的合適的陰離子型乳化劑的例子是拜耳股份公司(Bayer AG)銷售的名為Baykanol SL(磺化的二甲苯基醚與甲醛的縮合物),以及磷酸化或硫酸化的三苯乙烯基酚乙氧化物,可具體提及的可以是Soprophor FLK和Soprophor 4D 384(羅地亞公司)。
可存在於本文所揭示的處理作物的組合物中合適的分散劑包括在農藥組合物中常用於該目的的化合物。在本文所述的調配物中,優選使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,兩者的比例通常為60:40。這類共聚物的例子是可購得的Luvitec VA 64(巴斯夫)。60:40的乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物特別適合用於製備本發明的調配物。
可存在於本文公開的處理作物的組合物中的溶劑的例子包括在農藥組合物中常用於該目的的化合物。例如,二甲亞碸或N-甲基吡咯烷酮具有極好的溶劑特性,常被用於製備EC或EW調配物,且也優選用於本文所述的調配物。
聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)在大多數情況下是穩定且無腐蝕性。作為溶劑時,聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)用於不同的產品中,例如在油墨、染料、除塗層和油漆的產品、多用途清潔劑、除脂肪的產品、金屬和機械裝置的清潔劑以及焦油清除劑中用到。
在本公開中,令人驚訝地發現聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)不僅足以適合用作農藥調配物中VOC的替代物,而且還令人驚訝地能提高農藥活性化合物在如本文所述配製時的葉子滲透性。這種效果在單用該農藥活性調配物以及與常用於這類混合物的添加劑大量混合時都是顯著的。
本公開首次顯示聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)可用作作物保護試劑的調配物的基礎,該調配物具有意料不到地優異的效果且令人驚訝的易用性。合適的聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)的例子選自Polyglykol 200(科萊恩公司)、Polyglykol 300(科萊恩公司)和Polyglykol 400(科萊恩公司)。
合適的聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)的例子選自PPG 200(海石花(Haishihua)公司)、PPG 300(海石花公司)和PPG 400(海石花公司)。
可存在於本發明調配物中的合適的額外添加劑的例子包括結晶抑制劑、潤濕劑和水。
可存在於本發明處理作物的組合物中的合適的結晶抑制劑例子包括農藥組合物中常用於此目的的任何化合物。特別合適的包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮與聚乙烯醇的共聚物,例如,名為Luvitec VA 64(巴斯夫)的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/聚乙烯醇共聚物,二甲基烷基羧醯胺如二甲基癸羧醯胺或已知的名為Hallcomid®(霍爾公司(Hall Comp.))的二甲基C6-12烷烴羧醯胺混合物,以及乙二胺與環氧乙烷和環氧丙烷的共聚物,如已知名為Synperonic T304(有利凱瑪公司(Uniqema))的產品。
合適的潤濕劑的例子包括作物處理組合物中常用於此目的的任何化合物。特別合適的有烷基酚乙氧化物、二烷基磺基琥珀酸鹽(如二辛基磺基琥珀酸鈉)、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯。
通常通過在室溫下以任何順序攪拌混合調配物的液體組分而製備本文所述的農藥活性調配物及其前體調配物。固體組分可溶解在所獲得的混合物中。
在具體的製備方法中,本文所述的農藥活性調配物如下所述製備:
a)將一種或多種活性化合物溶解在溶劑或溶劑/助溶劑混合物中,b)攪拌的同時加入乳化劑和分散劑,c)攪拌所述組分,直到形成清晰的均勻溶液。
常規用於製備農藥調配物的常規裝置可用於製備本文所述的作物處理組合物。
本發明作物處理組合物的施用速率可在較大範圍內變動。所用的施用速率可取決於每種情況中所用的具體農藥活性化合物,以及它們在作物處理組合物中的濃度。
已發現本文所述的農藥活性調配物非常適合於將含於其中的農藥活性化合物施用到植物上,包括幼苗、葉子、花,和莖/幹,以及將所述農藥活性化合物施用於植物的生境,如植物生長的土壤,以及無土壤基質中。
本文所述的農藥活性調配物由於使用了聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)而明顯不同,該調配物中的農藥活性化合物的生物學效力顯著地提高。
對於農藥活性化合物,本文所述的調配物特別期望含有大環內酯類的殺昆蟲劑,尤其是阿巴菌素。此外,有利的是,調配物還含有聚乙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內)和/或聚丙二醇(平均分子量在200-400的範圍內),尤其是Polyglykol 300、Polyglykol 400、PPG-200和/或PPG-400,以及上文提及的添加劑。優選的聚乙二醇包括Polyglykol 300和Polyglykol 300。優選的聚丙二醇包括PPG-200和PPG-400。
有利的是,本文公開的農藥活性調配物和作物處理組合物可以特別有利的方式用於處理棉花、柑桔、番茄、黃瓜、小胡瓜、茄子、甜瓜、甘藍類、土豆、油菜、仁果類水果、核果、無核小水果、葡萄、煙草、玉米、大豆、甘蔗、觀賞植物,以及小麥、大麥、黑麥、燕麥、黑小麥、大米、豌豆、蠶豆、棉花、向日葵和甜菜。該調配物還可用來處理其它不同種類的蔬菜。這些蔬菜尤其包括朝鮮薊、花椰菜、西蘭花、綠豆、茴香、菊苣、大頭菜、結球萵苣、水芹、韭蔥類蔬菜、瑞士甜菜、胡蘿蔔、柿子辣、大黃、甜菜根、紅球甘藍、球芽甘藍、塊根芹、皺葉甘藍、栗子、紅花菜豆、鴉蔥、蘆筍、線纜甜菜(cablebeet)、菠菜、白球甘藍、洋蔥和小胡瓜。
本文所述的農藥活性調配物以及通過將該調配物進一步與調配物助劑
和/或作物處理試劑混合而製備得到的作物處理組合物非常施用於將農藥活性化合物施用給植物和/或植物生境。該調配物和組合物能確保活性組分在各種情況下以所需的量在相對較長的時間範圍內釋放。因此,本文公開的另一實施方式涉及通過用本文公開的農藥活性調配物或作物處理組合物處理植物和/或其生境而保護植物抵抗害蟲的方法。
上述提及的害蟲例子包括:等足目(lsopoda),例如潮蟲(Oniscus asellus)、鼠婦(Armadillidium vulgare)和球鼠婦(Porcellio scaber);倍足綱(Diplopoda),例如具斑馬陸(Blaniulus guttulatus);唇足綱(Chilopoda),例如卡氏地蜈蚣(Geophilus carpophagus)和蚰蜒(Scutigera spp);綜合綱(Symphyla),例如如么蚰(Sculigerella immaculate);纓尾目(Thysanura),例如西洋衣魚(Lepisma saccharina);彈尾目(Collembola),例如武裝棘跳蟲(Onychiurus armatus);直翅目(Orthoptera),例如家蟋蟀(Acheta domeslicus)、螻蛄蟲(Gryllotalpa spp)、亞洲飛蝗(Locusta migraloria migratorioides)、蚱蜢(Melanoplus spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria);蜚蠊目(Blattaria),例如東方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta Americana)、馬德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)和德國小蠊(Blattella germanica);革翅目(Dermaptera),例如歐洲球螋(Forficula auricularia);等翅目(Isoptera),例如散白蟻屬(Reticulitermes spp);虱目(Phthiraptera),例如衣虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、血虱(Haematopinus spp.)、長顎虱(Linognalhus spp.)、齧毛虱(Trichodecles spp.)、和畜虱(Damalinia spp);纓翅目(Thysanoptera),例如溫室條籬薊馬(Hercinothrips femoralis)、蔥薊馬(Thripstabaci)、棕黃薊馬(Thrips palmi)、和苜蓿薊馬(Frankliniella occidentalis)。
異翅目(Heteroptera),例如扁盾蝽(Eurygaster spp.)、媒介棉紅蝽(Dysdercus intermedius)、蝽象(Piesma quadrata)、溫帶臭蟲(Cimex lectularius)、
長紅錐蝽(Rhodnius prolixus)和錐蝽(Triatoma spp.);同翅目(Homoptera),例如白粉虱(Aleurodes brassicae)、棉粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、溫室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、甘藍蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、茶蔍隱瘤額蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、豆衛矛蚜(Aphisfabae)、蘋蚜(Aphis pomi)、蘋綿蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、桃粉蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxera vastatrix)、天皰瘡(Pemphigus spp.)、燕麥長管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、蚜蟲(Myzus spp.)、忽布疣額蚜(Phorodon humuli)、稠李縊管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、小綠葉蟬(Empoasca spp.)、雙葉殃葉蟬(Euscelis bilobatus)、黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix cincticeps)、李蠟蚧(Lecanium corni)、油欖黑盜蚧(Saissetia oleae)、灰飛虱(Laodelphax striatellus)、褐飛虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、紅圓蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、夾竹桃圓蚧(Aspidiotus hederae)、粉蚧(Pseudococcus spp.)、和木虱(Psylla spp);鱗翅目(Lepidoptera),例如紅鈴蟲(Pectinophora gossy-piella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata)、潛葉細蛾(Litho-colletis blancardella)、蘋巢蛾(Hyponomeuta padella)、菜蛾(Plutella xylo-stella)、天幕毛蟲(Malacosoma neustria)、黃毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorr-hoea)、毒蛾(Lymantria spp.)、棉葉穿孔潛蛾(Buccu-latrix thur-beriella)、桔細潛蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、地虎(Agrotis spp.)、切夜蛾(Euxoa spp.)、髒切夜蛾(Feltia spp.)、埃及金剛鑽(Earias insulana)、夜蛾(Heliothis spp.)、甘蘭夜蛾(Mame-stra brassicae)、松夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、夜蛾(Spodop-tera spp.)、粉紋夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、蘋果矗蛾(Carpocapsa pomo-nella)、粉蝶(Pieris spp.)、螟(Chilo spp.)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、地中海粉螟(Ephestia kuehniel-la)、大蠟螟(Galleria mellonella)、負袋夜蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、織網衣蛾(Tinea pellionella)、褐織葉蛾(Hof--manno-phila pseudospretella)、黃尾卷葉蛾(Cacoecia po-dana)、煙捲蛾(Capua reticulana)、雲杉卷葉蛾(Choristoneura fumi-ferana)、葡萄果蠢蛾(Clysia ambi-grella)、茶長卷蛾(Homona magnanima)、櫟綠卷葉蛾(Tortrix viridana)、縱卷葉野螟(Cnaphalo-cerus spp.)和稻負泥蟲(Oulema oryzae);鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如傢俱竊蠹(Anobium punctatum)、穀蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、葡萄根葉甲(Bruchidius obtectus)、菜豆象
(Acanthosce-lides obtectus)、北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、赤楊紫跳甲(Agelastica alni)、科羅拉多金花蟲(Leptino-tarsa decemlineata)、辣根猿葉甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、葉甲(Diabro-tica spp.)、油菜蘭跳甲(Psylliodes chryso-cephala)、墨西哥豆瓢蟲(Epilachna varivestis)、隱食甲(Atomaria spp.)、鋸穀盜(Oryzae-philus surinamensis)、象甲(Antho-nomus spp.)、米象(Sitophilus spp.)、黑耳喙鼻(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus)、香蕉蛀基象甲(Cosmopolites sordidus)、甘蘭莢象甲(Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis)、苜蓿葉象甲(Hypera postica)、皮蠹(Dermestes spp.)、斑皮蠹(Trogo-derma spp.)、圓皮蠹(Anthrenus spp.)、黑皮囊(Attagenus spp.)、粉蠹(Lyctus spp.)、油菜露尾甲(Meli-gethes aeneus)、蛛甲(Ptinus spp.)、黃蛛甲(Niptus holo-leucus)、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psyllo-ides)、穀蛀蟲(Tribolium spp.)、黃粉蟲甲(Tenebrio molitor)、叩甲(Agriotes spp.)、叩甲(Cono-derus spp.)、大栗鰓角金龜(Melolontha melo-lontha)、六月金龜(Amphimallon solsti-tialis)、草地蠐螬(Costelytra zealandica)和稻水象甲(Lisso-rhoptrus oryzophilus);膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如鋸角葉縫(Diprion spp.)、實葉峰(Hop-locampa spp.)、黑蟻(Lasius spp.)、廚蟻(Mono-morium pharaonis)和胡蜂(Vespa spp.);雙翅目(Diptera),例如伊蚊(Aedes spp.)、瘧蚊(Anopheles spp.)、庫蚊(Culex spp.)、黃猩猩果蠅(Drosophila melanogaster)、蠅(Musca spp.)、廁蠅(Fannia spp.)、紅頭麗蠅(Calliphora erythrocephala)、綠蠅(Lucilia spp.)、金蠅(Chrysomyia spp.)、黃蠅(Cuterebra spp.)、胃蠅(Gastrophilus spp.)、虱蠅(Hyp-po-bosca spp.)、刺蠅(Stomoxys spp.)、狂蠅(Oestrus spp.)、皮蠅(Hypo-derma spp.)、牛虻(Tabanus spp.)、帶絛蟲(Tannia spp.)、全北毛蚊(Bibio hortulanus)、瑞典蠅(Os-cinella frit)、草種蠅(Phorbia spp.)、甜菜潛葉蠅(Pegomyia hyoscyami)、地中海實蠅(Cerati-tis capitata)、油橄欖實蠅(Dacus oleae)、沼澤大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、黑蠅(Hylemyia spp.)和斑潛蠅(Liriomyza spp.);蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、角葉屬(Ceratophyllus spp.);蛛形目(arachnids),例如中東金蠍(Scorpio maurus)、黑寡婦(Latrodectus mactans)、粗腳粉蟎(Acarus siro)、銳緣蜱(Argas spp.)、鈍緣蜱(Ornitho-doros spp.)、雞皮刺蟎(Dermanyssus gallinae)、黑茶藨癭蟎(Eriophyes ribis)、柑鏽蟎(Phyllo-coptruta oleivora)、牛蜱(Boophilus spp.)、扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus spp.);鈍眼蜱(Amblyomma spp.)、璃眼蜱(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱(Ixodes spp.)、癢蟎(Psorop-tes spp.)、皮蟎(Chorioptes spp.)、疥蟎(Sarcoptes spp.)、趺線蟎(Tarsonemus spp.)、苜蓿苔蟎(Bryobia praetiosa)、全爪蟎(Panonychus spp.)、葉蟎(Tetranychus spp.)、跗線蟎(Hemitarsonemus spp.)和短須蟎(Brevi-palpus spp.);植物寄生的線蟲類,包括例如根線蟲(Pratylenchus spp.)、據穴線蟲(Radopholus similis)、續斷雙墊刃線蟲(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、桔墊刃線蟲(Tylenchu-lus semipenetrans)、異皮線蟲(Heterodera spp.)、球形胞囊線蟲(Globo-dera spp.)、根結線蟲(Meloidogyne spp.)、滑刃線蟲(Aphelenchoides spp.)、長針線蟲(Longidorus spp.)、劍線蟲(Xiphinema spp.)、輪胎蟲(Tricho-dorus spp.)和傘滑刃線蟲(Bursa-phelenchus spp.)。
本文所述的農藥活性調配物和作物處理組合物可施用於或施加到土壤或其它培養基質中,如泥炭、標準土壤、礦棉、營養液、灌溉用水,以施加給植物(例如施加給葉子)或植物的部分(例如施加給莖)或上述提及的植物的相應的繁殖材料,如種子。
通常,當處理植物時,須選擇本文所述調配物或組合物和/或施加的其它添加劑的量,以使該植物不被損傷。這對於某些農藥活性化合物以某些施用速率施用時可能具有植物毒性的情況特別重要。
本文所述調配物以及通過將該調配物與調配物助劑混合而制得的製品(如作物處理組合物)的施用速率可在較大範圍內變動。當處理植物的某些部分時,活性化合物的施用速率通常在0.1到10000g/公頃之間,尤其在10到1000g/公頃之間。
將通過下述實施例闡述本發明調配物的製備和施用,這些實施例並非用來限定本發明的範圍。
製備基於阿巴菌素和Polyglykol 300(科萊恩公司)的調配物
室溫下以任何順序攪拌混合下表1所列的液體組分,直至形成均勻的液體。將固體組分溶解在所獲得的混合物中。除非另有說明,組分的量以基於所得調配物重量的重量百分比計。
室溫下以任何順序攪拌混合下表2所列的液體組分,直至形成均勻的液體。將固體組分溶解在所獲得的混合物中。
實施例1(含Polyglykol 300)和比較例1的調配物中所含的活性化合物的生物利用度(滲入表皮)的測定
基於組合物滲入蘋果葉子(種植的金蛇果)的表皮對實施例1和比較例1的調配物進行比較(表3)。
從蘋果樹上割下完全發育的葉子,採用以下方式分離出其表皮:使用pH緩衝為3-4的果膠酶溶液(0.2到2%)進行真空滲透,從而對其下側已被染料標記且已被穿孔打掉的葉盤進行初始填充;將疊氮化鈉加到該葉盤上;和使該處理的葉盤靜置,直到原始的葉片結構溶解、非細胞表皮解離;選擇游離自氣孔的表皮和來自葉子上部的毛狀物進行測試;用水和pH7的緩衝液交替反復沖洗所選擇的表皮。
將所產生的乾淨的表皮固定到特富龍平板上,拉直,用輕微的空氣流乾燥。
接著,對於膜傳輸研究,將採用此方式獲得的表皮膜放置到不銹鋼製成的擴散單元(傳輸室)中。為此,使用一對鑷子將表皮放置到擴散單元邊緣的中間,該擴散單元已用矽脂塗敷,並用同樣已用脂處理的環將該表皮封閉。選擇這樣的安排,以使表皮外部朝外,即面對空氣,而表皮內部面對擴散單元的內部。用水或水/溶劑混合物填充擴散單元,用噴霧液體噴該膜。對於噴霧液體,在噴霧前用CIPAC稀釋實施例1和比較例1的調配物。
施用噴霧液體後,允許每種情況下的水蒸發掉,然後翻轉每種情況下的各室,並放置到恒溫控制的盆中。評估相對空氣濕度為60%、溫度為20℃時的滲入。使用注射器以規律的間隔取出樣品,採用HPLC測量滲入的活性化合物的含量。
結果如下表3所示。
本發明基於阿巴菌素和Polyglykol 300的調配物的效果
桃蚜(Myzus persicae)測試
為製備適合施用的溶液,將1重量份的實施例1和比較例1配製的產品與水混合,獲得所需濃度。
用具有所需濃度的施用溶液噴灑在被各階段的桃蚜(Myzus persicae)感染的大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)菜葉的葉盤上。
過了所需時間後,計算殺死的蚜蟲的數量占樣品中蚜蟲總數的百分比,計算效率(%)。100%指所有蚜蟲都已被殺死,0%指無蚜蟲被殺死。
在此測試中,例如,實施例1的下述調配物顯示了優於比較例1調配物的效果,如下表4所示。
本發明基於阿巴菌素和Polyglykol 300的調配物的效果
小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)測試(通常是敏感的,即對阿巴菌素無抗性)
為製備適合施用的溶液,將實施例1和比較例1配製的產品與水混合,獲得所需濃度。
將具有所需濃度的施用溶液噴灑在大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)菜葉的葉盤上,在噴灑的塗層乾燥後,使小菜蛾幼蟲在葉盤上繁殖。
過了所需時間後,計算殺死的幼蟲的數量占樣品中幼蟲總數的百分比,計算效率(%)。100%指所有幼蟲都已被殺死,0%指無幼蟲被殺死。
在此測試中,例如,實施例1的下述調配物顯示了優於比較例1調配物的效果,如下表5所示。
本發明基於阿巴菌素和Polyglykol 300的調配物的效果
植物相容性-棉花
為製備適合施用的溶液,將配製的產品與水混合,獲得所需濃度。用具有所需濃度的施用溶液噴灑棉花植株。
過了所需時間後,測定對植物的傷害,以%計。100%指整株植物被傷害,0%指無肉眼可見的傷害。此測試中,例如,本發明實施例的下述調配物顯示了優於現有技術(比較例1)的效果。
本發明基於阿巴菌素和Polyglykol 300的調配物的效果
揮發性排放潛能的估算:通過熱重量分析(TGA)來評估固體或液體殺害蟲劑排放揮發性有機化合物(VOC)的潛能。在環境控制室內加熱殺害蟲劑樣品,然後保持恒溫,直至樣品品質損失的速率降至限定的閾值。
已結合某些具體實施方式和實施例描述了本發明,應理解,這些具體實施方式和實施例僅僅是闡述性的,而非限制申請專利範圍的範圍。
Claims (9)
- 一種農藥活性調配物,含有:a)農藥活性化合物,其係選自由阿巴菌素(Abamectin)、多殺菌素(Spinosad)及乙基多殺菌素(Spinetoram)組成之群組;b)完全或部分溶解該農藥活性化合物的溶劑,其中該溶劑為N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲亞碸;c)乳化劑;d)平均分子量為200到400的聚乙二醇,或平均分子量為200到400的聚丙二醇,或其混合物,其係以10重量%到90重量%的量存在;e)任選的,分散劑;和f)任選的,農藥學上可接受的添加劑。
- 如請求項1的農藥活性調配物,其中,a)基於該調配物的重量,該農藥活性化合物的存在量為0.1重量%到60重量%;b)基於該調配物的重量,該溶劑的存在量為5重量%到80重量%;c)基於該調配物的重量,該乳化劑的存在量為0.5重量%到80重量%;d)基於該調配物的重量,該平均分子量為200到400的聚乙二醇,或該平均分子量為200到400的聚丙二醇,或其混合物的存在量為15重量%到60重量%;和e)基於該調配物的重量,該任選的分散劑的存在量為0重量%到10重量%。
- 如請求項1的農藥活性調配物,其中該聚乙二醇的平均分子量為200、300或400。
- 如請求項1的農藥活性調配物,其中該聚丙二醇的平均分子量為200、300或400。
- 一種作物處理組合物,其含有有效量的請求項1的農藥活性調配物和水。
- 一種製備請求項1的農藥活性調配物的方法,包括:a)將該農藥活性化合物溶解在一種或多種含N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲亞碸之溶劑與平均分子量為200到400的聚乙二醇、平均分子量為200到400的聚丙二醇或其混合物的混合物中;b)攪拌的同時加入一種或多種乳化劑和任選的一種或多種分散劑和任選的一種或多種農藥學上可接受的添加劑;和c)將步驟(b)獲得的混合物混勻,形成透明而均勻的溶液。
- 一種處理植物或保護植物抵抗害蟲的方法,包括使該植物或其生境與請求項5的作物處理組合物接觸。
- 一種提高活性化合物或活性化合物組合的效力的方法,該方法包括以請求項1的農藥活性調配物的方式配製該活性化合物或活性化合物組合。
- 一種減少農藥活性化合物調配物中揮發性有機化合物的排放潛能的方法,該方法包括以請求項1的農藥活性調配物的方式配製該農藥活性化合物或農藥活性化合物組合。
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