TWI754533B - Bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking work - Google Patents
Bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking work Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明提供一種螺栓鎖固作業用的螺栓夾緊力傳感器,係於鎖緊螺旋緊固件時,利用驅動夾緊力傳感器內的扭力轉軸,使其一端的螺旋機構產生的軸向力,擠壓力感應模組導致的形變感測值與扭力轉軸另一端所驅動的套筒鎖緊一特定規格的螺旋緊固件產生的夾緊力,預先以一標準軸力計校驗得到兩者間的參數關係,做為鎖緊過程中計算與控制夾緊力的依據。本發明的螺旋緊固件的夾緊力傳感器可應用於各產業。套接於各式扭力工具做螺旋緊固件的鎖緊作業時,對特定規格的螺旋緊固件,可以有效地感測以做為控制作用在螺旋緊固件的夾緊力(clamping force)的精度,以提高螺旋緊固件(bolted joint)的品質。 The invention provides a bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking operation. When it is fastened to a screw fastener, the torsion rotating shaft in the driving clamping force sensor is used to make the axial force generated by the screw mechanism at one end squeeze it. The deformation sensing value caused by the force sensing module and the clamping force generated by the sleeve driven by the other end of the torsion shaft locking a screw fastener of a specific specification are pre-calibrated with a standard axial force meter to obtain the parameters between the two relationship, as the basis for calculating and controlling the clamping force during the locking process. The clamping force sensor of the screw fastener of the present invention can be applied to various industries. When it is sleeved on various torque tools for the locking operation of screw fasteners, the screw fasteners of specific specifications can be effectively sensed to control the accuracy of the clamping force acting on the screw fasteners. To improve the quality of bolted joints.
Description
本發明係提供一種螺栓鎖固作業用的螺栓夾緊力傳感器,尤指一種應用在鎖緊螺旋緊固件的過程中,可直接感測作用在螺旋緊固件上的夾緊力,並可將感測數據傳輸的裝置。 The invention provides a bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking operation, especially a kind of clamping force applied to the screw fastener which can directly sense the clamping force acting on the screw fastener in the process of locking the screw fastener. A device for measuring data transmission.
以扭力扳手緊固螺栓已廣泛地應用於各類產品的組裝作業,施以扭力是一種手段,然其目的皆是將螺栓緊固。而最好也是最困難的是如何將每顆螺栓鎖緊到同樣的緊度(tightness),尤其是高壓容器、引擎汽缸或真空設備等。要求控制螺栓的夾緊力的精密鎖緊作業等業界關切的重要議題,但卻始終難以僅靠控制鎖緊扭力來達成。 Tightening bolts with a torque wrench has been widely used in the assembly of various products. Applying torque is a means, but its purpose is to tighten the bolts. The best and most difficult is how to tighten each bolt to the same tightness, especially in high pressure vessels, engine cylinders or vacuum equipment. It is an important issue that the industry is concerned about, such as precise locking operation that requires control of the clamping force of the bolt, but it has always been difficult to achieve only by controlling the locking torque.
習知螺栓緊固的過程中,僅有10%的扭矩轉化為夾緊力。有一個流行的說法叫「541」規則,即鎖緊螺栓的過程中約有50%的扭矩用於克服螺栓頭或螺母下與結合面的摩擦力,而約有40%的扭矩需要克服螺紋中的摩擦力,而實際能轉化為螺栓夾緊力的扭矩只占約10%。而最終夾緊力的大小更是受到螺旋緊固件相關種種因素的影響,如螺栓與待緊固件的狀況(材質軟硬、加工精度與表面粗度、油污、銹蝕或碰傷等)及使用墊圈的軟硬程度,以致螺栓的預緊力難以控制。學界或工程手冊中雖有諸多有關扭力與夾緊力的計算公式與計算參數,但始終難以得到正確的驗證。對於需要控制緊固力的產業界,至今仍無經濟有效的方法,以確切瞭解施加在螺旋緊固件上的扭力,會在螺旋緊固 件上產生多大的夾緊力,更遑論如何做有效的控制。這對於需要控制均一夾緊力的精密組裝作業而言確實潛藏許多品質上的風險與不確定性。 During conventional bolt tightening, only 10% of the torque is converted into clamping force. There is a popular saying called "541" rule, that is, about 50% of the torque in the process of tightening the bolt is used to overcome the friction between the bolt head or the nut and the joint surface, and about 40% of the torque needs to overcome the friction in the thread. The friction force that can actually be converted into the bolt clamping force is only about 10%. The final clamping force is also affected by various factors related to the screw fastener, such as the condition of the bolt and the fastener to be fastened (soft and hard material, machining accuracy and surface roughness, oil, rust or bumps, etc.) and the use of washers The degree of softness and hardness, so that the pre-tightening force of the bolt is difficult to control. Although there are many calculation formulas and calculation parameters related to torque and clamping force in academic circles or engineering manuals, it is always difficult to obtain correct verification. For industries that need to control the tightening force, there is still no cost-effective method to know exactly how the torque applied to the screw fastener will be in the screw tightening. How much clamping force is generated on the piece, let alone how to control it effectively. This does entail many quality risks and uncertainties for precision assembly operations that require uniform clamping force control.
迄至今日,業界仍普遍使用各式扭力控制器、數位顯示式扭力扳手、響聲型扭力扳手或電動伺服控制等的扭力工具以控制鎖緊扭力。然利用傳統的扭力控制方式,例如施加同樣的扭力分別緊固同一規格的螺栓,其中不同的只是螺牙的表面狀況不同,如正常、沾油、生鏽或螺牙碰傷的螺栓,甚至只是改變墊圈的軟硬。雖然其顯示的扭力控制精度皆在5%以內,但實驗證明所測得的實際夾緊力值相差最大卻可達近50%。 Up to now, various torque controllers, digital display torque wrenches, squeaking torque wrenches or electric servo-controlled torque tools are still widely used in the industry to control the locking torque. However, using the traditional torque control method, such as applying the same torque to tighten the bolts of the same specification, the only difference is the surface condition of the thread, such as normal, oily, rusted or damaged bolts, or even just Change the hardness of the gasket. Although the displayed torque control accuracy is all within 5%, the experiment proves that the difference between the actual clamping force measured can reach nearly 50%.
時下對於螺栓的緊固力的控制,最精確的當屬利用超音波感測技術的螺栓張力檢測儀。但其製作與施工成本高昂,始終難以普及。另外,以具感測螺栓夾緊力的感應螺栓(在螺栓軸心適當位置粘貼一形變感測元件以偵測其夾緊力),亦受限於價格高昂以及僅能使用開口扳手進行鎖固,以致施工不便與效率不彰而難以普及。對螺栓的緊固力的控制與偵測還可使用螺栓壓力傳感器(Bolt Transducer)或通孔式荷重元(Center-hole type Compression Load Cell)或是壓電式感測環等軸力感測裝置為替代方案。但是在實務上,以上幾種方案其製作成本與使用的方便性等都是在業界難以普及的主因。 Nowadays, the most accurate control of bolt tightening force is the bolt tension detector using ultrasonic sensing technology. However, its production and construction costs are high, and it has always been difficult to popularize. In addition, the use of sensing bolts that sense the clamping force of the bolts (a deformation sensing element is attached to the appropriate position of the bolt axis to detect the clamping force) is also limited by the high price and can only be locked with an open-end wrench , so that it is difficult to popularize due to inconvenience and inefficiency of construction. Bolt pressure sensor (Bolt Transducer) or through-hole type Compression Load Cell (Center-hole type Compression Load Cell) or piezoelectric sensing ring and other axial force sensing devices can also be used to control and detect the tightening force of bolts. as an alternative. However, in practice, the manufacturing cost and the convenience of use of the above solutions are the main reasons that are difficult to popularize in the industry.
經發明人悉心研究,研發出一種螺栓鎖固作業用的夾緊力傳感器,使其應用在各式扭力工具的緊固作業中,能即時得知施加的扭力在螺旋緊固件上所產生的夾緊力大小,且持續以有線或無線方式,傳送至控制裝置或顯示裝置顯示結果並予以記錄或將資料上傳,以迎合工業4.0的產業趨勢發展需 要。本發明的螺旋緊固件的夾緊力傳感器不但可有效提升緊固的精度,且具低使用成本的優勢與操作便利性,大大增進了產業上之有效利用。 After careful research by the inventor, a clamping force sensor for bolt locking has been developed, so that it can be used in the tightening operation of various torsion tools, and the clamping force generated by the applied torsion force on the screw fastener can be immediately known. The size of the tightening force is continuously transmitted to the control device or display device to display the results and record or upload the data in a wired or wireless manner to meet the development needs of the industry 4.0 industry trend. want. The clamping force sensor of the screw fastener of the present invention can not only effectively improve the precision of fastening, but also has the advantages of low cost of use and convenient operation, which greatly improves the effective utilization in the industry.
本發明的目的,係提供一種可在鎖緊螺旋緊固件的過程中,直接測得作用在螺旋緊固件的夾緊力的裝置,是一種可附加於傳統的各式手動、氣動或電動扭力扳手(Torque Wrench)或起子(Screwdriver)的夾緊力傳感器(Force Transducer),本發明的螺栓緊固作業用的夾緊力傳感器讓扭力工具變成可直接控制夾緊力的夾緊力扳手(Force Wrench)或夾緊力起子(Force Screwdriver),在鎖緊過程中,即時偵測作用在螺旋緊固件的夾緊力。其不但是螺旋緊固件鎖固技術的一大變革與突破,更將顛覆傳統控制鎖緊扭力的技術手段,讓螺旋緊固件的緊固更精準地達到需要的夾緊力,而不需再使用昂貴且操作不便的超音波與軸力偵測技術來控制螺旋緊固件的夾緊力。本發明的螺栓緊固作業用的夾緊力傳感器將螺旋緊固件鎖緊的技術推升至最高的境界,可直接控制螺旋緊固件的夾緊力而非傳統的扭力控制,給產業界提供了螺旋緊固件鎖固的最佳解決方案。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device that can directly measure the clamping force acting on the screw fastener during the process of locking the screw fastener. Torque Wrench or screwdriver (Force Transducer), the clamping force sensor for bolt tightening work of the present invention turns the torque tool into a clamping force wrench (Force Wrench) that can directly control the clamping force ) or Force Screwdriver, which can instantly detect the clamping force acting on the screw fastener during the locking process. It is not only a major change and breakthrough in the locking technology of screw fasteners, but also will subvert the traditional technical means of controlling the locking torque, so that the tightening of screw fasteners can more accurately achieve the required clamping force, without the need to use Expensive and inconvenient ultrasonic and axial force detection technology to control the clamping force of screw fasteners. The clamping force sensor for the bolt tightening operation of the present invention pushes the screw fastener locking technology to the highest level, can directly control the clamping force of the screw fastener instead of the traditional torque control, and provides the industry with The best solution for screw fastener locking.
本發明係提供一種螺栓鎖固作業用的夾緊力傳感器,其包含:傳感器本體,其一端為扭力工具承接部,以搭配扭力工具的出力端的尺寸,另一端車製為具螺旋導槽的螺孔,以鎖入扭力轉軸的螺旋導槽;扭力轉軸,藉其一端的螺旋機構扭緊時產生的軸向力,擠壓一力感應模組,同時,以另一端的出力方頭驅動套筒,鎖緊一特定規格的螺旋緊固件;複數個鋼珠,其填入於該傳感器本體的螺旋導槽與該扭力轉軸的螺旋導槽之間;力感應模組,其設置於該傳感器本體內的螺孔底部,該力感應模組具有感應環本體及力感測元件,該感應環本體的外緣具有環槽,該力感測元件貼附於該環槽底部,以測量該感應 環本體的軸向受力產生的形變感測值;防塵塞,其設置於該力感應模組與該扭力轉軸之間,該防塵塞具有止洩環;訊號處理模組,其設置於該傳感器本體的內部或外圍的固定座,電性連接該力感測元件,該訊號處理模組具有訊號放大器、微處理器、電源電路單元、訊號傳輸單元、陀螺儀、記憶單元、輸出入模組、傳輸天線及警示單元。該訊號放大器係將該力感測元件的形變感測值放大為數位訊號;再經該微處理器以預校的參數運算得到對應的夾緊力值;該電源電路單元則用以將外部供給之電源轉變為訊號處理模組所需之電源;訊號傳輸單元可為無線通訊模組如RF、藍芽、WiFi或ZigBee等或為有線的RS232、RS485或UART等傳遞訊號至一控制或顯示裝置;輸出入模組可為USB以供電池充電與韌體更新使用;該陀螺儀用來偵測該傳感器本體的旋轉角度位移;該記憶單元儲存該力感應模組的形變感測值及特定規格的螺旋緊固件以標準軸力計校驗得到的夾緊力參數;該輸出入模組係以有線或無線方式將夾緊力值傳輸至控制裝置或顯示裝置;該傳輸天線將感測運算處理過的資訊,傳至控制裝置;該警示單元以燈號或聲音提示該傳感器的使用狀況,如配對、訊號傳輸或電源異常等;該電源模組為可充電電源,電性連接該訊號處理模組;該固定座,係襯以緩衝墊並緊固於該傳感器本體,容置分別以彈性材料包覆的該訊號處理模組與該電源模組,外圍並以保護套包覆;該保護套以不會組絕無線訊號傳輸的材質製成;以及固定環,其設置於該傳感器本體螺孔出口端,以防止該扭力轉軸於該傳感器本體的螺孔內往復滑動時脫離。 The invention provides a clamping force sensor for bolt locking operation, which comprises: a sensor body, one end of which is a torque tool receiving part to match the size of the output end of the torque tool, and the other end is machined into a screw with a spiral guide groove. Hole to lock into the spiral guide groove of the torsion shaft; the torsion shaft squeezes a force sensing module by the axial force generated when the screw mechanism at one end is tightened, and at the same time, drives the sleeve with the output square head at the other end , lock a screw fastener of a specific specification; a plurality of steel balls, which are filled between the helical guide groove of the sensor body and the helical guide groove of the torsion shaft; a force sensing module, which is arranged in the sensor body. At the bottom of the screw hole, the force sensing module has a sensing ring body and a force sensing element, the outer edge of the sensing ring body has a ring groove, and the force sensing element is attached to the bottom of the ring groove to measure the induction The deformation sensing value generated by the axial force of the ring body; the dust plug, which is arranged between the force sensing module and the torsion shaft, the dust plug has a leakage stop ring; the signal processing module, which is arranged on the sensor The inner or outer fixing seat of the main body is electrically connected to the force sensing element. The signal processing module has a signal amplifier, a microprocessor, a power circuit unit, a signal transmission unit, a gyroscope, a memory unit, an input/output module, Transmission antenna and warning unit. The signal amplifier amplifies the deformation sensing value of the force sensing element into a digital signal; and then the microprocessor calculates the corresponding clamping force value with the pre-calibrated parameters; the power circuit unit is used for external supply The power supply is converted into the power required by the signal processing module; the signal transmission unit can be a wireless communication module such as RF, Bluetooth, WiFi or ZigBee, or a wired RS232, RS485 or UART, etc. to transmit signals to a control or display device ; The I/O module can be USB for battery charging and firmware update; the gyroscope is used to detect the rotation angle displacement of the sensor body; the memory unit stores the deformation sensing value and specific specifications of the force sensing module The clamping force parameters of the screw fasteners are verified by a standard axial force meter; the input and output module transmits the clamping force value to the control device or display device in a wired or wireless manner; the transmission antenna will sense and process The passed information is transmitted to the control device; the warning unit prompts the use status of the sensor with lights or sounds, such as pairing, signal transmission or abnormal power supply, etc.; the power module is a rechargeable power supply and is electrically connected to the signal processing module set; the fixing seat is lined with a buffer pad and fastened to the sensor body, accommodating the signal processing module and the power module respectively covered with elastic materials, and the periphery is covered with a protective cover; the protective cover The utility model is made of a material that does not prevent wireless signal transmission; and a fixing ring, which is arranged at the outlet end of the screw hole of the sensor body to prevent the torsion shaft from disengaging when reciprocating sliding in the screw hole of the sensor body.
藉此,當施加扭力於本發明的夾緊力傳感器時,驅動夾緊力傳感器內的扭力轉軸,使其一端的螺旋導槽沿著傳感器本體的螺孔內的螺旋導槽轉動前進產生的軸向力,擠壓螺孔底部的力感應模組產生的形變感測值與扭力 轉軸另一端所驅動的套筒,鎖緊一特定規格的螺旋緊固件所產生的夾緊力,預先以一標準軸力計校驗得到兩者間的參數關係,做為鎖緊過程中計算與控制夾緊力的依據。該特定規格的螺旋緊固件係指待鎖緊的螺栓尺寸、螺距大小、表面狀況(如加工尺寸精度、粗度或潤滑程度)及使用的墊圈的軟硬等。藉此參數關係,操作者可使用本發明的夾緊力傳感器與控制裝置或顯示裝置配對後,輸入待緊固的螺旋緊固件的規格(螺栓等級、螺距與節徑等)與墊圈的軟硬以及希望鎖緊的目標夾緊力。再施加扭力驅動本發明的夾緊力傳感器,鎖緊過程中,訊號處理模組則依收到的力感應模組的形變感測值以及預先對該螺旋緊固件校驗的參數關係,即時運算出對應的夾緊力值,同時以有線或無線方式傳送至控制裝置或顯示裝置。待鎖緊到目標夾緊力時,控制裝置即時切斷扭力工具之動力源或顯示裝置以聲響或燈號提示作業人員停止施加扭力,以做為偵測並控制螺旋緊固件的夾緊力的依據。 Thereby, when a torsion force is applied to the clamping force sensor of the present invention, the torsion shaft in the clamping force sensor is driven, and the spiral guide groove at one end thereof rotates and advances along the spiral guide groove in the screw hole of the sensor body. To force, the deformation sensing value and torque generated by the force sensing module at the bottom of the extruded screw hole The sleeve driven by the other end of the rotating shaft locks the clamping force generated by a screw fastener of a specific specification. The parameter relationship between the two is obtained by pre-calibration with a standard axial force meter, which is calculated as the difference between the two in the locking process. The basis for controlling the clamping force. The screw fastener of this specific specification refers to the size of the bolt to be locked, the pitch size, the surface condition (such as the machining dimensional accuracy, roughness or degree of lubrication) and the hardness of the washer used. With this parameter relationship, the operator can use the clamping force sensor of the present invention to be paired with the control device or the display device, and input the specifications of the screw fastener to be fastened (bolt grade, pitch and pitch diameter, etc.) and the hardness of the washer. and the target clamping force for which you want to lock. Then apply torsion force to drive the clamping force sensor of the present invention. During the locking process, the signal processing module calculates in real time according to the received deformation sensing value of the force sensing module and the parameter relationship pre-calibrated for the screw fastener. The corresponding clamping force value is output, and at the same time, it is transmitted to the control device or display device in a wired or wireless manner. When the target clamping force is locked, the control device will immediately cut off the power source of the torque tool or the display device will prompt the operator to stop applying the torque with a sound or light signal, as a means of detecting and controlling the clamping force of the screw fasteners. in accordance with.
1:夾緊力傳感器 1: Clamping force sensor
11:傳感器本體 11: Sensor body
111:扭力工具承接部 111: Torque tool socket
112:螺孔 112: screw hole
1121:螺旋導槽 1121: Spiral guide groove
113:緩衝墊承座 113: Buffer seat
12:緩衝墊 12: Buffer
13:扭力轉軸 13: Torsion shaft
131:出力端 131: Output end
132:螺旋導槽 132: Spiral guide groove
14:鋼珠 14: Steel ball
15:防塵塞 15: Dust plug
151:止洩環 151: Leak stop ring
16:力感應模組 16: Force Sensing Module
161:感應環本體 161: Induction ring body
162:力感測元件 162: Force Sensing Element
163:環槽 163: Ring groove
17:固定環 17: Retaining ring
181:固定座 181: Fixed seat
182:固定座 182: Fixed seat
191:保護套 191: Protective case
192:保護套 192: Protective case
20:訊號處理模組 20: Signal processing module
21:電源模組 21: Power Module
22:軸承 22: Bearings
23:轉向齒輪 23: Steering gear
24:轉向齒輪 24: Steering gear
25:出力軸 25: Output shaft
26:軸承 26: Bearings
27:固定環 27: Retaining ring
8:螺旋緊固件 8: Screw Fasteners
81:螺栓 81: Bolts
82:墊圈 82: Gasket
83:螺帽 83: Nut
84:被鎖固件 84: locked firmware
9:標準軸力計 9: Standard Axial Dynamometer
10:套筒 10: Sleeve
90:測試座 90: Test seat
[圖1]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的組合剖面示意圖。 [FIG. 1] is a schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖2]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的爆炸示意圖。 [FIG. 2] It is an exploded schematic diagram of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖3]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的組合外觀示意圖。 [FIG. 3] It is a schematic view of the combined appearance of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖4A]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的應用示意圖一。 [FIG. 4A] It is a schematic diagram 1 of the application of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖4B]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的應用示意圖二。 [FIG. 4B] It is a schematic diagram 2 of the application of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖5]係圖4B的爆炸示意圖。 [ Fig. 5 ] An exploded schematic diagram of Fig. 4B .
[圖6A]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的導程角示意圖一。 [FIG. 6A] It is a schematic diagram 1 of the lead angle of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖6B]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的導程角示意圖二。 [FIG. 6B] It is the second schematic diagram of the lead angle of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖7A]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器鎖緊一螺旋緊固件的組合剖面示意圖。 [ Fig. 7A ] It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the bolt clamping force sensor locking a screw fastener according to the present invention.
[圖7B]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器鎖緊一螺旋緊固件的組合外觀示意圖。 [Fig. 7B] is a schematic view of the combined appearance of the bolt clamping force sensor locking a screw fastener according to the present invention.
[圖7C]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器相關的夾緊力與推力的計算示意圖。 [ Fig. 7C ] It is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the clamping force and the thrust force related to the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖8A]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的參數校驗結構的局部示意圖。 [ Fig. 8A ] is a partial schematic diagram of the parameter verification structure of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖8B]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的參數校驗結構的整體示意圖。 [ Fig. 8B ] It is an overall schematic diagram of the parameter verification structure of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
[圖9]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器可應用的各式扭力工具的示意圖。 [FIG. 9] It is a schematic diagram of various torque tools to which the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention can be applied.
[圖10]係本發明螺栓夾緊力傳感器的應用操作系統示意圖。 Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the application operating system of the bolt clamping force sensor of the present invention.
為充分瞭解本發明之目的、特徵及功效,茲藉由下述具體之實施例,並配合所附之圖式,對本發明做一詳細說明,說明如後: In order to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, hereby, the present invention is described in detail by the following specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the description is as follows:
請參考圖1至圖3、圖6A及圖6B、圖7A至圖7C及圖8A及圖8B,如圖所示,本發明的夾緊力傳感器1包含傳感器本體11、力感應模組16、防塵塞15、扭力轉軸13、鋼珠14、訊號處理模組20、電源模組21、緩衝墊12、固定座181,182、保護套191,192及固定環17。傳感器本體11的一端為扭力工具承接部111,係用以搭配扭力工具出力端的尺寸,傳感器本體11的另一端車製為具螺旋導槽1121的螺孔112以供鎖入扭力轉軸13的螺旋導槽132。力感應模組16設置於傳感器本體11的螺孔112底部,力感應模組16具有感應環本體161及力感測元件162,感應環本體161的外緣具有環槽163,力感測元件162貼附於環槽163的底部以測量感應環本體161因軸向受力產生的形變感測值並產生形變感測訊號,力感測元件162與訊號處理模組20電性連接,感應環本體161以機構固定以防止感應環本體161轉動或脫落。另外,力感應模組16可為應變規或壓電等各式可感測軸向力的感測元件製成。防塵塞15設置於力感應模組16與扭力轉軸
13之間且具有止洩環151以防止異物進入力感應模組16。扭力轉軸13的一端沿其軸徑製成的螺旋導槽132,其與傳感器本體11的螺旋導槽1121之間,填以複數個鋼珠14,使扭力轉軸13受扭時,可以沿著傳感器本體11的螺孔112內的螺旋導槽1121做軸向滑動過程中,有效降低轉動時的摩擦阻力。產生的軸向推力作用於防塵塞15的端面與力感應模組16的端面。扭力轉軸13另一端的出力方頭131則製成與套筒10(如圖8B所示)的入力端相符的尺寸,扭力轉軸13與傳感器本體11組合後,以固定環17固定於傳感器本體11的螺孔112出口端的環槽內,使扭力轉軸13滑動於傳感器本體11的螺孔112內以免脫落。固定座181,182使用緩衝墊12且鎖緊於傳感器本體11的緩衝墊承座113,以容置訊號處理模組20與電源模組21。訊號處理模組20具有微處理器、訊號放大器、配對按鍵開關、電源電路單元、訊號傳輸單元、陀螺儀、記憶單元、輸出入模組、傳輸天線及警示單元,且電性連接力感測元件162。訊號處理模組20的訊號放大器將接收自力感測元件162傳來的感測訊號放大並轉變為數位訊號,再經微處理器以預先校驗的參數,運算得到對應的夾緊力值,經輸出入模組與傳輸天線傳至控制裝置或顯示裝置。訊號處理模組20以彈性材料包覆,置於固定座181上。電源電路單元用以將外部供給之電源轉變為電源模組21所需之電源;陀螺儀偵測傳感器本體11的旋轉角度位移,記憶單元記憶校驗取得針對待鎖緊的螺旋緊固件8與力感應模組16的形變感測值以標準軸力計9(如圖8所示)校驗得到的夾緊力參數。另外,該校驗的參數亦可儲存於控制裝置或顯示裝置的記憶單元,以方便操作人員做開機配對後輸入待鎖緊的螺旋緊固件的規格以取得對應的參數。再者,如實測的數據因使用的螺旋緊固件的規格及墊圈與校驗使用的不同而有差異時可以程式予以修正。電源模組21為可充電電池並以彈性材料包覆,置於固
定座182,且電性連接訊號處理模組20。保護套191,192以不會阻絕無線訊號傳輸的材質製成,將訊號處理模組20與電源模組21包覆於固定座,以保護訊號處理模組20與電源模組21。訊號傳輸單元可為無線通訊模組,如RF、藍芽、WiFi或ZigBee等,或為有線的RS232、RS485或UART等,輸出入模組可為USB以供電池充電與韌體更新使用,警示單元可為蜂鳴器或LED燈號以提示訊號強弱、電源狀態、使用狀態等,連接線可電性連接力感應模組16的力感測元件162及訊號處理模組20。
Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3 , 6A and 6B, 7A to 7C and 8A and 8B. As shown in the figures, the clamping
使用本發明的夾緊力傳感器1前,操作者需要預先將夾緊力傳感器1與待鎖緊的螺旋緊固件8鎖緊於標準軸力計9做校驗,以建立力感應模組16的形變感測值與該特定規格的螺旋緊固件之間的夾緊力的參數關係。另外,夾緊力的產生與力感應模組16的形變感測值可為線性關係,藉此可讓夾緊力的控制更容易也更精準。再者,如果沒有標準軸力計對所要鎖緊的螺旋緊固件做校驗或如以往習慣以目標扭力來鎖固時,亦可藉由鎖緊到目標扭力時所顯示的夾緊力值,做為控制後續同樣規格的螺旋緊固件的夾緊力的參考目標值,如此,仍可達到控制均一夾緊力的目的。
Before using the clamping
使用本發明的夾緊力傳感器1進行鎖固作業時,操作人員只要將夾緊力傳感器1與控制裝置或顯示裝置配對後,輸入待緊固的螺旋緊固件8的規格、目標的夾緊力及控制的精度等,再以扭力工具施加扭力於夾緊力傳感器1以鎖緊螺旋緊固件8。於鎖緊過程中,夾緊力傳感器1的扭力轉軸13的一端透過其螺旋導槽132與傳感器本體11的螺孔112的螺旋導槽1121所形成的螺旋機構,對防塵塞15產生軸向推力以擠壓力感應模組16的端面,使力感應模組16產生形變,同時,扭力轉軸13的另一端則鎖緊螺旋緊固件8而產生夾緊力。因夾緊力
與力感應模組16產生的形變感測值與鎖緊的螺旋緊固件8有一定的參數關係。訊號處理模組20則會依預先校驗取得的力感應模組16之形變感測值與該特定規格的螺旋緊固件8所對應的夾緊力的參數關係,持續計算出作用在螺旋緊固件8的夾緊力。當達到目標的夾緊力時,扭力工具的控制裝置會切斷動力源或顯示裝置以聲響或燈號提示操作人員停止操作並判定合格與否。而於施加的扭力消失時,扭力轉軸13可藉由感應環本體161與防塵塞15的剛性回彈力,及扭力轉軸13的多螺旋設計形成的大螺距與大導程角將回彈阻力減至最小,使扭力轉軸13回復至其未施力時的狀態,使力感應模組16的形變感測值歸零。
When using the clamping
再者,本發明的夾緊力傳感器1使用於氣動或電動或油壓等動力扭緊工具時,於即將鎖緊到目標夾緊力前,利用工具的控制機制,讓工具鎖緊的速度慢下來,改以間歇式敲擊以逐步鎖緊到目標夾緊力,從而可有效提升夾緊力的控制精度。
Furthermore, when the clamping
請參考圖4A及圖4B、圖5、圖6A及圖6B及圖8A及圖8B,如圖所示,本發明的夾緊力傳感器1可採內建方式應用於具有轉向齒輪23,24傳動的扭力工具。扭力工具的馬達減速機構的出力端可插入夾緊力傳感器1的傳感器本體11的扭力工具承接部111。當施加扭力於夾緊力傳感器1時,夾緊力傳感器1的扭力轉軸13的出力端131係穿過軸承22以插入轉向齒輪23以帶動另一嚙合的轉向齒輪24,轉向齒輪24的出力軸25再穿過另一軸承26並以固定環27固定,進而使出力軸25插入套筒10以鎖緊螺旋緊固件8,螺旋緊固件8可包括螺栓81、墊圈82、被鎖固件84及螺帽83。圖4A及圖4B及圖5的原理與圖1至圖3的原理相同,其皆係於施加扭力於夾緊力傳感器1時,同時驅動轉軸13兩端不同螺距的螺旋機構~即透過螺旋導槽132沿傳感器本體11的螺旋導槽1121對力感應模組
16產生的軸向推力FSW所產生的形變感測值,以及另一端對鎖緊的螺旋緊固件8(如圖6A及圖6B所示)所產生的夾緊力FB&W,以標準軸力計9(如圖8A及圖8B所示)預先校驗建立形變感測值對應的軸向推力FSW與夾緊力FB&W的參數關係,接著藉由該參數關係做為偵測並控制螺旋緊固件8的夾緊力的依據。
Please refer to FIGS. 4A and 4B , 5 , 6A and 6B and 8A and 8B , as shown in the figures, the clamping
請參考圖6A及圖6B及圖7A至圖7C,如圖6A及圖6B所示,扭力轉軸13的螺旋導槽132與傳感器本體11的螺孔112內的螺旋導槽1121係製成螺紋節徑46mm,螺距50mm,螺旋數5,並計算出導程角是59.97°,而扭力轉軸13的另一端所緊固的螺旋緊固件8以M20,螺距2mm,單一螺旋的導程角是2.03°。如圖7A至圖7C所示,以500Nm扭力作用於夾緊力傳感器1使扭力轉軸13緊固M20的螺旋緊固件8以產生188,496N的夾緊力FB&W的同時,另一端的螺旋數5的螺旋導槽132沿傳感器本體11的螺孔112內的螺旋導槽1121對防塵塞15及力感應模組16產生的軸向推力FSW為11,938N。且628.32N的軸向推力FSW擠壓防塵塞15及感應環本體161產生的形變,皆設計在防塵塞15及感應環本體161的降服強度範圍內,以上以扭力計算推力所採用的效率η皆為估計值,不影響實際校驗力感應模組的形變值與透過標準軸力計9測得的作用在螺旋緊固件8上的夾緊力兩者的換算參數。加上,如圖6A及圖6B所示,扭力轉軸13的螺旋導槽132之導程角設計為59.97°,大於其摩擦角(以本發明為例,傳感器本體11的螺旋導槽1121及扭力轉軸13的螺旋導槽132係製成5個螺旋數,以增加螺距,加大導程角,有效降低作用在力感應模組16的軸向力。螺旋導槽內填以複數個鋼珠14與潤滑油脂,如同滾珠導螺桿的設計,讓螺旋機構的摩擦阻力減至最低。如摩擦係數f以0.1計,令f=0.1=tan(θ),求得θ=5.7度,即該螺旋的當量摩擦角等於5.7度,也就是自鎖角等於5.7度),由於,扭力轉軸13的導程角遠大於摩擦角5.7度,當扭
力解除時,藉著防塵塞15及力感應模組16兩者的剛性回彈能力,即可輕易地讓扭力轉軸13反轉鬆脫,使力感應模組16的感測值歸零。
Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B and FIGS. 7A to 7C , as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B , the
請參考圖8A及圖8B,如圖所示,有關參數校驗之結構設置,係以扭力工具施加扭力於本發明的夾緊力傳感器1,加上套筒10,將特定規格的螺栓81與墊圈82(螺旋緊固件8)穿過標準軸力計9的軸孔,鎖入測試座90,之後再以螺帽83鎖固。進行校驗時,夾緊力傳感器1的力感測模組16受螺旋機構所產生的軸向推力而產生的形變感測值,經訊號處理模組20放大處理為數位感測訊號後,以訊號傳輸單元傳輸至控制裝置或顯示裝置。而被鎖緊的螺旋緊固件8透過標準軸力計9測得的夾緊力,亦同步傳輸至控制裝置或顯示裝置,以建立夾緊力與形變感測值的參數關係。另外,只要是螺旋緊固件8的螺栓81、墊圈82、螺帽83等的規格改變時,皆需重新做參數的校驗。
Please refer to FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B , as shown in the figure, the structural arrangement of the parameter calibration is to apply a torque force to the clamping
請參考圖9,如圖所示,本發明的夾緊力傳感器1可應用於傳統的各式的扭力工具,夾緊力傳感器1係附加於扭力工具的出力端或內建於扭力工具(如圖4A、圖4B及圖5)內。只要對待鎖固的螺旋緊固件預先做參數的校驗,再搭配適當的控制或顯示裝置,經配對連通後,在夾緊力傳感器1驅動套筒鎖緊該螺旋緊固件的過程中,便可即時測得作用於該螺旋緊固件的夾緊力,讓所有的扭力工具皆可做到精確的夾緊力的控制。
Referring to FIG. 9 , as shown in the figure, the clamping
請參考圖10,如圖所示,本發明的夾緊力傳感器1以圖9或任一種扭力工具驅動以鎖緊螺旋緊固件時,在與控制裝置或顯示裝置配對後,輸入螺旋緊固件的規格與目標夾緊力。在鎖緊過程中,訊號處理模組會持續將形變感測值運算得到的夾緊力,即時以有線或無線方式傳輸至扭力工具的控制裝置或顯示裝置。在達到目標的夾緊力時,判定合格與否,並提出警示聲響或燈號
或切斷動力源,再視需要將相關資料上傳至周邊伺服器或雲端資料庫。另外,形變感測值或夾緊力超過預設值時,扭力工具的控制裝置或顯示裝置亦可發出警訊並記錄。
Please refer to FIG. 10 , as shown in the figure, when the clamping
本發明在上文中已以較佳實施例揭露,然熟習本項技術者應理解的是,該實施例僅用於描繪本發明,而不應解讀為限制本發明之範圍。應注意的是,舉凡與該實施例等效之變化與置換,均應設為涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。因此,本發明之保護範圍當以申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 The present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only used to describe the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to this embodiment should be considered to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope of the patent application.
1:夾緊力傳感器 1: Clamping force sensor
11:傳感器本體 11: Sensor body
111:扭力工具承接部 111: Torque tool socket
112:螺孔 112: screw hole
1121:螺旋導槽 1121: Spiral guide groove
113:緩衝墊承座 113: Buffer seat
12:緩衝墊 12: Buffer
13:扭力轉軸 13: Torsion shaft
131:出力端 131: Output end
132:螺旋導槽 132: Spiral guide groove
14:鋼珠 14: Steel ball
15:防塵塞 15: Dust plug
151:止洩環 151: Leak stop ring
16:力感應模組 16: Force Sensing Module
161:感應環本體 161: Induction ring body
162:力感測元件 162: Force Sensing Element
163:環槽 163: Ring groove
17:固定環 17: Retaining ring
181:固定座 181: Fixed seat
182:固定座 182: Fixed seat
191:保護套 191: Protective case
192:保護套 192: Protective case
20:訊號處理模組 20: Signal processing module
21:電源模組 21: Power Module
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
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TW110103536A TWI754533B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking work |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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TW110103536A TWI754533B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking work |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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TWI754533B true TWI754533B (en) | 2022-02-01 |
TW202228931A TW202228931A (en) | 2022-08-01 |
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TW110103536A TWI754533B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Bolt clamping force sensor for bolt locking work |
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CN115452233A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-12-09 | 中机生产力促进中心有限公司 | Pretightening force detection device of threaded fastener |
TWI824708B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-12-01 | 中國氣動工業股份有限公司 | Apparatus of swing torque sensing and transmitting device |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW202228931A (en) | 2022-08-01 |
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