TWI754014B - Conditioning equipment and conditioning methods - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a conditioning utensil and a conditioning method that can prevent the deterioration of cooking oils and fats.

The conditioner 1 includes an antenna 2 immersed in the oil and placed in the oil tank 12 in which the cooking oil 10 is placed, and the harmonics of the frequency components of the fundamental frequency of the AC power input on the primary side and the AC power source obtained from the secondary side are superimposed thereon. Component transformer 31 . When heating oil and fat and immersing ingredients in the oil for conditioning, the antenna 2 is immersed in the oil and fat 10 , and the secondary side output of the transformer 31 is supplied to the antenna 2 , so that the AC electric field radiated from the antenna 2 is applied to the oil and fat 10 . In this way, the oxidation of oils and fats can be inhibited, and the production of various substances due to the chemical reaction of glycerol fatty acid esters can be suppressed, and the life of oils and fats can be extended by more than three times.

Description

Conditioning equipment and conditioning methods

The present invention relates to a cooking utensil and a cooking method for preventing the deterioration of fats and oils when cooking is performed by immersing food materials in fats and oils for heating cooking.

Conventionally, the cooking method using cooking fats and oils is to heat the fats and oils to about 120°C to 180°C, and immerse the ingredients in the fats and oils for cooking. For example, cooking oils and fats such as salad oil are a mixture of glycerin fatty acid esters mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids. By heating it, dipping the ingredients, and cooking it, tempura, fried food, etc. can be served. As the cooking continues, the fat and oil will gradually oxidize and deteriorate, which will damage the flavor. Finally, the deteriorated fat and oil will be replaced and discarded. Specifically, active oxygen is generated through oxygen, water, etc. from the food, and various substances are produced by chemical reactions through glycerol fatty acid esters. For example, 2-heptyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-heptadien-1-al, 9-decyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-nonadiene-1 - Aldehydes, trans, trans-2,4-decadiene-1-aldehydes, 10-undecene-1-aldehydes, methyl pentadecanoate, fatty acid esters, etc. These undesired substances will degrade the quality of food such as flavor. The grease that accumulates these must be replaced, which is not economical. Therefore, in order to reduce the frequency of replacing grease, various steps are required to suppress the above reaction and prolong the life of grease. For example, it is known to insert an electrode into an oil tank where grease is placed, and apply a high-frequency (4 kHz to 25 kHz) alternating electric field to the grease (for example, see Patent Document 1), and to apply an electrostatic field to the grease (for example, see Patent Document 2).

[Previously known technical literature]

[Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] WO2010/073572A1

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-116535

[Summary of Invention]

Although the methods described in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 and 2 can slightly prolong the life of the oil and fat from the experimental results, they cannot be extended more than three times.

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a conditioning appliance and a conditioning method which can significantly extend the life of cooking fats and oils.

In order to achieve the above object, the cooking appliance of the present invention is a cooking appliance for cooking by immersing ingredients in a cooking oil for heating, and comprising an antenna immersed in the grease, an AC power source input on a primary side, and an AC power source obtained from a secondary side. The frequency component of the fundamental frequency and its harmonic component are superimposed on the AC output transformer. The output of the secondary side of the transformer is supplied to the antenna, which radiates the AC electric field to the grease.

Preferably, in the AC output of the transformer in the above-mentioned conditioning device, the intensity of the harmonic components decreases gradually with higher orders, and the intensity of the frequency components exceeding 1 kHz is 1/100 or less of the second harmonic. .

In addition, the transformer in the above conditioning appliance is preferably connected through resistors on its primary side and secondary side.

In addition, the antenna in the above conditioning device is preferably formed of a conductive metal sheet, and an insulating coating is formed on the entire surface of the sheet. The shape of the antenna is not particularly limited, but a rectangular or square plate shape can be considered. Also, a metal conditioning container may be used as an antenna. The configuration in which the antenna is installed is not particularly limited, but the direction in which the electromagnetic waves are radiated from the antenna may be the normal direction of the metal surface, and the direction is preferably a configuration in which grease is present.

In addition, the cooking method of the present invention is a cooking method in which ingredients are immersed in fat for heating cooking, heated and cooked, the antenna is dipped in the fat, and the frequency component of the fundamental frequency of the AC power source and the harmonic component of the superimposed AC output are output. The output of the transformer is supplied to the antenna, and the AC electric field is radiated from the antenna to cook the oil and fat.

According to the present invention, when heating the cooking oil and fat and immersing the ingredients in the oil and fat for conditioning, the harmonics of the fundamental frequency of 100 Hz or less are superimposed, and an AC electric field maintained at a frequency of 1 kHz or less is supplied to the oil and fat. In this way, the oxidation of oils and fats can be inhibited, and various substances produced by the chemical reaction of glycerol fatty acid esters can be inhibited, and the life of oils and fats can be extended rapidly (more than 3 times according to the experimental results).

1: Conditioning appliances

2: Antenna

3: drive source

4: Electrical wiring lines

10: Grease

11: Frying Station

11a: Sidewall

12: Oil tank

21: Hanging Department

31: Transformer

32: AC power

33: Resistor

34: Coil

35: Resistor

[FIG. 1] (a) is a perspective view showing the general structure of a conditioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention; (b) is a perspective view of an antenna of the same conditioning device; (c) is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of (a).

[Figure 2] is the electronic circuit diagram of the same conditioning appliance.

Fig. 3 is an electronic circuit diagram showing a modification of the same conditioning device.

[Fig. 4] A frequency characteristic diagram showing the secondary side output of the transformer of the same conditioning device.

Fig. 5 shows the comparison results of the amounts of various degrading substances generated in the fats and oils in the Example of cooking with the same cooking appliance and the Comparative Example of cooking with the cooking appliance which does not apply an AC electric field to the fats and oils.

[ Fig. 6] Fig. 6 shows the change in the production amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde in the fats and oils of the examples prepared by the same preparation utensil.

[ Fig. 7] Fig. 7 shows the change in the production amount of 2,4-decadien-1-al and the time of thinking in the comparative example in which the conditioning utensil to which the AC electric field was not applied was processed.

Hereinafter, the conditioning appliance and the conditioning method will be described with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments. FIG. 1 shows the external configuration of the conditioning device 1 . The cooking utensil 1 is an article for cooking by immersing ingredients in the heating oil and fat for cooking, and by applying an AC electric field to the cooking oil and fat 10 , the oil and fat 10 is prevented from being deteriorated. The conditioning device 1 applies an AC electric field in which the fundamental frequency component and its harmonic component overlap to the oil and fat 10 , thereby preventing the oil and fat 10 from deteriorating.

The conditioning device 1 includes an antenna 2 serving as an electrode for inducing an AC electric field, and a drive source 3 that generates an AC output that induces an AC electric field from the antenna 2 . The drive source 3 includes a transformer 31 that inputs an AC power source 32 on the primary side, and obtains an AC output on the secondary side that superimposes the frequency component of the fundamental frequency of the AC power source and its harmonic component. Antenna 2 is dipped in grease 10 . In the conditioning appliance, the output of the driving source 3 , that is, the output of the secondary side of the transformer 31 , is supplied to the antenna 2 to apply an AC electric field to the grease 10 . The transformer 31 is the main component on the secondary side. In the AC output in which the fundamental frequency component below 100Hz and its harmonic component overlap, it is preferable to obtain an AC output with a frequency below 1kHz.

The cooking appliance 1 according to the present embodiment includes a frying stand 11 having an oil tank 12 into which the cooking fat 10 is placed. The antenna 2 is formed of a conductive metal plate with an insulating coating formed on the entire surface of the plate. The antenna 2 has a U-shaped curved hanging part 21, for example, the hanging part 21 is hung on the upper edge of the side wall 11a of the frying platform 11, so that the antenna can be hung. 2 is immersed in the grease 10 in the oil tank 12. The antenna 2 is electrically connected to the driving source 3 through the electrical wiring line 4 connected to the back surface of the hanging portion 21 , and is connected to the secondary side of the transformer 31 .

The transformer 31 inputs the AC power source 32 on the primary side, the two ends of the secondary side are connected to each other through the resistor 33 , and the secondary side is connected to the electrical wiring line 4 and the antenna 2 through the coil 34 . Further, the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer 31 are connected to each other through the resistor 35 . The AC power supply 32 is an AC power supply with a frequency of 100 Hz or less. Since the primary side input frequency of the transformer 31 is the frequency of 100 Hz or less of the AC power supply 32 , the frequency of the AC output on the secondary side is the same frequency as the AC power supply 32 , which is 100 Hz or less. The output voltage of the secondary side is boosted according to the winding number of the primary and secondary side coils.

Since the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer 31 are connected to each other through the resistor 35, and the two poles are asymmetrical, the output waveform of the secondary side will be skewed, so the AC output of the secondary side will obtain a fundamental frequency below 100Hz ( The fundamental frequency of the AC power supply) is superimposed on the AC output of the harmonics of this fundamental frequency. This harmonic is a wave whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, and is called the first harmonic (first harmonic), the second harmonic (second harmonic), and the third harmonic (third harmonic) in order from the close to the fundamental frequency. Wave).... The secondary side output of the transformer 31 is supplied to the antenna 2 , an AC electric field is induced by the secondary side output of the transformer 31 through the antenna 2 , and an AC electric field is applied to the grease 10 by the secondary side output of the transformer 31 . In other words, the antenna 2 uses the frequency below 100 Hz (the fundamental frequency of the AC power source) as the electric field of the fundamental frequency, induces an alternating electric field superimposed on the harmonics of the fundamental frequency, and applies the alternating electric field to the grease 10 .

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the driving source 3 . The drive source 3 shown in FIG. 3 is provided with a transformer 39 on the primary side of the transformer 31 in addition to the drive source 3 shown in FIG. 2 . The transformer 39 inputs the AC power source 32 on the primary side, and the secondary side is connected to the primary side of the transformer 31 . The primary side input of the transformer 31 is the secondary side output of the transformer 39 . The frequency output from the secondary side of the transformer 39 is the frequency input from the primary side of the transformer 31 , which is the same frequency as the AC power source 32 . The output voltage of the secondary side of the transformer 31 corresponds to the winding number ratio of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer 39, and the winding number of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer 31 compared to boost. According to such a configuration, by adjusting the primary side input voltage of the transformer 31 by using a different winding ratio of the transformer 39, the intensity of the AC electric field induced to the antenna 2 can be adjusted.

FIG. 4 shows the frequency characteristics of the AC output on the secondary side of the transformer 31 when the frequency of the AC power source 32 is 60 Hz. When the frequency of the AC power source 32 is 60 Hz, the secondary side AC output of the transformer 31 includes frequency components of the fundamental frequency of 60 Hz and frequency components of 60 Hz harmonics such as 120 Hz, 180 Hz, and 240 Hz. The intensity of the harmonics in the higher layers gradually decreases, and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1 kHz is less than 1% of the second harmonic (180 Hz). Depending on the situation, the second harmonic (180 Hz) may also be stronger than the first harmonic (120 Hz), and it is also possible that the second harmonic is more than twice the strength of the first harmonic. In addition, there may also be cases where the even harmonics are stronger than the odd harmonics. This situation is also within the scope of technology. When the frequency of the AC power source 32 is 60Hz, the induced AC electric field of the antenna 2 is the electric field with the frequency of 60Hz as the fundamental frequency, and the electric field of the 60Hz harmonics 120Hz, 180Hz, 240Hz... , and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1kHz is Less than one percent of the second harmonic (180Hz).

In addition, the frequency of the AC power supply 32 is not limited to 60 Hz, and may be any frequency of 100 Hz or less. For example, when the frequency of the flow source 32 is 50 Hz, the secondary AC output of the transformer 31 includes frequency components of the fundamental frequency of 50 Hz and frequency components of 50 Hz harmonics such as 100 Hz, 150 Hz, and 200 Hz. The harmonic intensity of the higher layer gradually decreases, and the intensity of the harmonic component exceeding 1 kHz is less than 1% of the second harmonic (150 Hz). Depending on the situation, the second harmonic (150 Hz) may also be stronger than the first harmonic (100 Hz), and it is also possible that the second harmonic is more than twice the strength of the first harmonic. In addition, there may also be cases where the even harmonics are stronger than the odd harmonics. This situation is also within the scope of technology. When the frequency of the AC power source 32 is 50Hz, the induced AC electric field of the antenna 2 is an electric field with a frequency of 50Hz as the fundamental frequency and superimposed the electric field of the 50Hz harmonics 100Hz, 150Hz, 200Hz..., and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1kHz is Less than one percent of the second harmonic (150Hz).

The deterioration of the oil and fat 10 was investigated with respect to the example in which cooking was performed using the conditioning utensil 1 of the present embodiment, and the comparative example in which the conditioning utensil 10 did not apply an AC electric field to the oil and fat 10 . The results are shown below.

[Example 1]

The antenna 2 shown in FIG. 1 is installed in the oil tank 12 of the fryer 11 into which 4 L (liter) of cooking grease 10 can be put in as shown in FIG. The electric field is radial. The main part of the antenna is 15cm x 20cm in size and 1mm thick. The magnetic field induced by the AC electric field radially distributed in the antenna 2 is 15 microtesla below 1 kHz, and 0.3 microtesla above 1 kHz. 3.5 L of fats and oils 10 (in this example, salad oil) were put into the oil tank 12, and the fats and oils were heated at 10 to 180°C. The antenna 2 is immersed in the grease 10 , and an alternating electric field is radiated into the grease 10 from the antenna 2 . In other words, an AC electric field in which the fundamental frequency of 60 Hz is superimposed on the harmonic of the fundamental frequency, and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1 kHz is 1% or less of the second harmonic is applied to the grease 10 . The fats and oils 10 were heated at 180° C., and the frozen food was sequentially put in and cooked in the following manner. For spring rolls (1Kg), a pork chop (500g), chicken with basil (1Kg), potato fries (1Kg), onion rings (500g), crispy chicken (1Kg), fried shrimp (300g), fried sardines (600g) Fried dishes. The substances produced in the cooked fats and oils 10 and their production amounts were measured with a gas chromatography analyzer and a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 (substances generated in fats and oils prepared by applying an AC electric field and their amounts).

As a result of the assay, 2-heptyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-heptadien-1-al, 9-decyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-nonadiene were detected. -1-aldehyde, trans, trans-2,4-decadiene-1-aldehyde, 10-undecene-1-aldehyde, methyl pentadecanoate, two fatty acid esters, the amount of these substances is shown in the table 1 shown. These substances are not originally contained in the oil and fat 10 , but are degraded substances generated by the degradation of the oil and fat 10 .

[Comparative Example 1]

As in the first embodiment, the antenna 2 of the conditioning device 1 shown in FIG. 2 is installed in the oil tank 12 . Electric power is not supplied to the AC power source 32 and the AC electric field is not radiated from the antenna 2 . Moreover, like Example 1, 3.5 L of fats and oils 10 were put into the oil tank 12, and the fats and oils were heated at 10 to 180°C. Because no power is applied to the AC power source 32, no electric field is applied to the grease 10. In the same manner as in Example 1, the frozen food was sequentially put into the fats and oils 10 heated at 180° C. and cooked. Substances produced in the cooked fats and oils 10 and their production amounts were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 (substances generated in fats and oils cooked without applying an AC electric field and their amounts).

As a result of the assay, 2-heptyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-heptadien-1-al, 9-decyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-nonadiene were detected. -1-aldehyde, trans, trans-2,4-decadiene-1-aldehyde, 10-undecene-1-aldehyde, methyl pentadecanoate, two fatty acid esters, the amount of these substances is shown in the table 2 shown.

FIG. 5 shows a comparison result of the amount of each degraded substance produced in the oil and fat 10 in Example 1 (Table 1, AC electric field on) and Comparative Example 1 (Table 2, AC electric field off). In comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, for all the deteriorated substances, the amount of production in Example 1 is less than one-third of that in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, according to Example 1, the deterioration of the cooking oil and fat 10 is suppressed, and the life of the oil and fat 10 can be extended more than three times.

[Example 2]

The antenna 2 shown in FIG. 1 is installed in the oil tank 12 of the fryer 11 into which the 4L cooking oil 10 can be put as shown in FIG. shape. The main part of the antenna is 15cm x 20cm in size and 1mm thick. The magnetic field induced from the AC electric field radially distributed by the antenna 2 is 13 microTesla below 1 kHz, and 0.2 microTesla above 1 kHz. Put 3 L of fats and oils 10 (salad oil in this embodiment) into the oil tank 12, and heat the fats and oils at 10 to 170°C. The antenna 2 is immersed in the grease 10 , and an alternating electric field is radiated into the grease 10 from the antenna 2 . In other words, an AC electric field in which the fundamental frequency of 50 Hz is superimposed on the harmonic of the fundamental frequency, and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1 kHz is 1% or less of the second harmonic is applied to the grease 10 . Heating at 170°C No food was put into the fats and oils 10, and air was pumped at a rate of 0.8 L/min. A trace amount of fats and oils 10 was collected every 30 minutes, and the production amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde, a degraded substance in the fats and oils 10, was measured with a gas chromatography analyzer. The measurement results are shown in FIG. 6 (the amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde produced when the salad oil is heated by applying an AC electric field and air is aerated). The measurement results showed that the amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde produced increased with time, and reached the maximum concentration after 12 hours.

As in the second embodiment, the antenna 2 of the conditioning device 1 shown in FIG. 3 is installed in the oil tank 12 . Electric power is not supplied to the AC power source 32 and the AC electric field is not radiated from the antenna 2 . In addition, like Example 2, 3 L of fats and oils 10 were put into the oil tank 12, and the fats and oils were heated at 10 to 170°C. Because no power is applied to the AC power source 32, no electric field is applied to the grease 10. In the same manner as in Example 2, the fats and oils 10 were heated at 170° C. without throwing food, and air was pumped at a rate of 0.8 L/min. A trace amount of the fats and oils 10 was collected every 30 minutes, and the amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde produced in the fats and oils 10 was measured with a gas chromatography analyzer. The measurement results are shown in FIG. 7 (the amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde produced when salad oil is heated without application of an AC electric field and air is pumped). The measurement results showed that the amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde produced increased with time, and reached the maximum concentration after 4 hours.

Comparing Example 2 (Fig. 6, AC electric field on) and Comparative Example 2 (Fig. 7, AC electric field off), the time when the amount of 2,4-decadien-1-aldehyde produced in the grease 10 reaches the maximum concentration, Example 2 was three times slower than Comparative Example 2 after 12 hours compared to Comparative Example 2 after 4 hours. Therefore, according to Example 2, the deterioration of the cooking oil and fat 10 is suppressed, and the life of the oil and fat 10 can be extended by more than three times.

In Example 1 and Example 2, the mechanism of action of suppressing the deterioration of the cooking oil and fat 10 is unknown, but the reproducibility of the effect can be judged from the experimental results. It is considered that by applying an AC electric field with a fundamental frequency of 100 Hz or less and superimposing the harmonics of this fundamental frequency, and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1 kHz is less than 1% of the second harmonic, it is considered that oxygen in the high temperature grease 10 is suppressed. The formation of free radicals and the effect of the reaction.

According to this embodiment, when heating the fat 10 and immersing the food in the fat 10 for cooking, the fundamental frequency below 100 Hz is applied and the harmonics of the fundamental frequency are superimposed, and the intensity of the harmonic components exceeding 1 kHz is 100% of the second harmonic. A fraction of the AC electric field can inhibit various substances caused by the chemical reaction of glycerol fatty acid esters (such as 2-heptyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-heptadien-1-al, 9- Decyn-1-ol, trans,trans-2,4-nonadien-1-al, trans,trans-2,4-decadien-1-al, 10-undecene-1-al, ten The formation of methyl pentanoate, fatty acid ester, etc.). As a result, the life of the grease 10 can be greatly extended by more than three times in a leap.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, Various deformation|transformation is possible. For example, the entire antenna 2 may be immersed in the grease 10 , or may be disposed horizontally on the bottom surface of the oil tank 12 , for example. In addition, the fats and oils 10 are not limited to salad oil, and other cooking fats and oils can be applied.

1: Conditioning appliances

2: Antenna

3: drive source

4: Electrical wiring lines

31: Transformer

32: AC power

33: Resistor

34: Coil

35: Resistor

Claims (2)

A conditioning utensil for immersing ingredients in grease in an oil tank for heating and cooking, comprising: an antenna made of a conductive metal plate dipped in the grease, wherein an insulating coating is formed on the entire surface of the conductive metal sheet of the antenna ; and a transformer that inputs AC power on the primary side and obtains the frequency component of the fundamental frequency of the AC power source and its harmonic components on the secondary side and outputs the superimposed AC output transformer, wherein the fundamental frequency of the AC power source is a frequency below 100Hz, and the frequency on the secondary side is In the AC output, the intensity of harmonic components gradually decreases with higher orders, and the intensity of frequency components exceeding 1 kHz is less than 1/100 of the second harmonic; the above-mentioned transformer is asymmetric at the primary side and the secondary side. structure, and connected through a resistor, so that the output waveform of the secondary side is distorted, and the output of the secondary side coil is taken out through a separate coil, the conductive metal plate of the antenna is immersed in the grease along the side wall of the oil tank, and the transformer The output of the secondary side is provided to the antenna, and the AC electric field is radiated to the grease by the antenna. A conditioning method for immersing ingredients in grease in an oil tank for heating and cooking, comprising: immersing a conductive metal plate in an antenna made of a conductive metal plate in the grease along the side wall of the oil tank; The power supply is used as the input of the primary side, and the output of the transformer that obtains the frequency component of the fundamental frequency of the AC power supply and its harmonic component of the superimposed AC output on the secondary side is supplied to the above-mentioned antenna, wherein the fundamental frequency of the above-mentioned AC power supply is a frequency below 100Hz; The above-mentioned transformer has an asymmetric structure at the primary side and the secondary side, so that the output waveform of the secondary side is distorted, and the output of the secondary side coil is taken out through a separately provided coil, and the AC electric field is radiated from the above-mentioned antenna to the above-mentioned grease, for cooking ingredients.

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