TWI737807B - Optical laminate and image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical laminate in which cracking of a conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity is suppressed. The optical laminate of the present invention has in this order: a polarizing plate including a polarizing element and a protective layer located on at least one side of the polarizing element, a first retardation layer, a second retardation layer, a conductive layer, and a layer in close contact with the conductive layer Substrate. The moisture permeability of the substrate is 5 mg/m ²・24 h~10 mg/m ²・24 h, the dimensional change rate is less than 0.3%, and the linear expansion coefficient is 5(×10 ^-6 /℃)~10(× 10 ^-6 /℃).

Description

Optical laminate and image display device

The present invention relates to an optical laminate and an image display device using the same.

In recent years, with the popularization of thin displays, displays (organic EL display devices) equipped with organic EL (Electroluminescence) panels have been proposed. The organic EL panel has a highly reflective metal layer, so it is prone to problems such as external light reflection or background reflection. Therefore, it is known to prevent these problems by arranging the circular polarizer on the viewing side. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for so-called internal touch panel type input display devices in which a touch sensor is incorporated between a display unit (such as an organic EL unit) and a polarizing plate. The input display device with this structure can give the user a natural sense of input operation due to the short distance between the image display unit and the touch sensor. In the polarizing plate (or circular polarizing plate) used in the internal touch panel input display device, in terms of thinning, preventing uneven quality, and improving manufacturing efficiency, the difference between the polarizing plate (or circular polarizing plate) and the touch The integration of conductive films for control sensors has been studied. However, the polarizing plate integrated with the conductive film for touch sensors has the following problem: Under high temperature and high humidity, the conductive layer of the conductive film is prone to cracks. [Prior Art Document] [Patent Document] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-311239 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-372622 Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 3325560 Patent Document 4: Japan Patent Publication No. 2003-036143

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned previous problems, and its main purpose is to provide an optical laminate in which cracking of the conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity is suppressed. [Technical Means for Solving the Problem] The optical laminate of the present invention sequentially has: a polarizing plate including a polarizing element and a protective layer on at least one side of the polarizing element, a first retardation layer, a second retardation layer, and a conductive layer , And the base material laminated on the conductive layer in close contact. To the optical laminate, the moisture permeability of the substrate is ^{5 mg / m 2 · 24 h} ~ 10 mg / m 2 · 24 h, the dimensional change rate of 0.3% or less, and a linear expansion coefficient of 5 (× 10 ^{- 6} /℃)~10(×10 ^-6 /℃). In one embodiment, the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing element and the late axis of the first retardation layer is 10°-20°, and the absorption axis is formed by the late axis of the second retardation layer The angle is 65°~85°. In one embodiment, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include a cyclic olefin-based resin film. In this case, the dimensional change rate of the second retardation layer is, for example, 1% or less. In another embodiment, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer are alignment cured layers of liquid crystal compounds. In this case, the dimensional change rate of the laminate of the polarizing plate, the first retardation layer, and the second retardation layer is, for example, 1% or less. According to another aspect of the present invention, an image display device is provided. This image display device includes the above-mentioned optical laminate. [Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, in an optical laminate having a polarizing plate, two retardation layers, and a conductive layer for a touch sensor, the moisture permeability, dimensional change rate, and dimensional change rate of the base material closely laminated to the conductive layer The linear expansion coefficient is optimized, which can significantly suppress the cracking of the conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity. As a result, an optical laminate having extremely excellent durability can be realized.

偏光元件之碘含量較佳為2.1重量%以上，更佳為2.1重量%~3.5重量%。若偏光元件之碘含量為此種範圍，則可藉由與上述硼酸含量之協同效應而良好地維持貼合時之捲縮調整之容易性，且良好地抑制加熱時之捲縮，並且改善加熱時之外觀耐久性。於本說明書中，所謂「碘含量」意指偏光元件(PVA系樹脂膜)中所包含之所有碘之量。更具體而言，於偏光元件中，碘以碘離子(I^- )、碘分子(I₂ )、聚碘離子(I₃ ^- 、I₅ ^- )等形態存在，本說明書中之碘含量意指包含該等所有形態之碘之量。碘含量例如可藉由螢光X射線分析之校準曲線法而算出。再者，聚碘離子於偏光元件中以形成PVA-碘錯合物之狀態存在。藉由形成此種錯合物，可於可見光之波長範圍內表現出吸收二色性。具體而言，PVA與三碘化物離子之錯合物(PVA-I₃ ^- )於470 nm附近具有吸光波峰，PVA與五碘化物離子之錯合物(PVA-I₅ ^- )於600 nm附近具有吸光波峰。結果，聚碘離子可根據其形態於可見光之較廣範圍內吸收光。另一方面，碘離子(I^- )於230 nm附近具有吸光波峰，實質上不參與可見光之吸收。因此，以與PVA之錯合物之狀態存在之聚碘離子可主要參與偏光元件之吸收性能。 偏光元件較佳為於波長380 nm~780 nm之任一波長下表現出吸收二色性。偏光元件之單體透過率如上所述為43.0%~46.0%，較佳為44.5%~46.0%。偏光元件之偏光度較佳為97.0%以上，更佳為99.0%以上，進而較佳為99.9%以上。 B-2.第1保護層 第1保護層12係由可用作偏光元件之保護層的任意適當之膜而形成。作為成為該膜之主成分的材料之具體例，可列舉：三乙醯纖維素(TAC)等纖維素系樹脂，或聚酯系、聚乙烯醇系、聚碳酸酯系、聚醯胺系、聚醯亞胺系、聚醚碸系、聚碸系、聚苯乙烯系、聚降𦯉烯系、聚烯烴系、(甲基)丙烯酸系、乙酸酯系等之透明樹脂等。又，亦可列舉(甲基)丙烯酸系、胺基甲酸酯系、(甲基)丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯系、環氧系、矽酮系等之熱硬化型樹脂或紫外線硬化型樹脂等。此外，例如亦可列舉矽氧烷系聚合物等玻璃質系聚合物。又，亦可使用日本專利特開2001-343529號公報(WO01/37007)中所記載之聚合物膜。作為該膜之材料，例如可使用含有於側鏈中具有經取代或未經取代之亞胺基之熱塑性樹脂、及於側鏈中具有經取代或未經取代之苯基及腈基之熱塑性樹脂的樹脂組合物，例如可列舉含有包含異丁烯與N-甲基馬來醯亞胺之交替共聚物、及丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物之樹脂組合物。該聚合物膜例如可為上述樹脂組合物之擠出成形物。 如下所述般，本發明之光學積層體具代表性而言係配置於圖像顯示裝置之視認側，第1保護層12具代表性而言係配置於該視認側。因此，視需要亦可對第1保護層12實施硬塗處理、抗反射處理、抗黏附處理、防眩處理等表面處理。進而/或者，視需要亦可對第1保護層12實施改善介隔偏光太陽眼鏡進行視認之情形時之視認性的處理(具代表性而言，賦予(橢)圓偏光功能，賦予超高相位差)。藉由實施此種處理，即便於介隔偏光太陽眼鏡等偏光透鏡視認顯示畫面之情形時，亦可實現優異之視認性。因此，光學積層體亦可較佳地應用於可於室外使用之圖像顯示裝置。 關於第1保護層之厚度，只要可獲得上述所需之偏光板之厚度及與第2保護層之厚度之差，則可採用任意適當之厚度。第1保護層之厚度例如為10 μm~50 μm，較佳為15 μm~40 μm。再者，於實施有表面處理之情形時，第1保護層之厚度為包含表面處理層之厚度在內的厚度。 B-3.第2保護層 第2保護層13亦是由可用作偏光元件之保護層的任意之適當之膜而形成。成為該膜之主成分之材料係如上述B-2項中關於第1保護層所作之說明。第2保護層13較佳為光學各向同性。於本說明書中，所謂「為光學各向同性」，係指面內相位差Re(550)為0 nm~10 nm，厚度方向之相位差Rth(550)為-10 nm~+10 nm。 第2保護層之厚度例如為15 μm~35 μm，較佳為20 μm~30 μm。第1保護層之厚度與第2保護層之厚度之差較佳為15 μm以下，更佳為10 μm以下。若厚度之差為此種範圍，則可良好地抑制貼合時之捲縮。第1保護層之厚度與第2保護層之厚度可相同，亦可使第1保護層較厚，亦可使第2保護層較厚。具代表性而言，第1保護層較第2保護層厚。 C.第1相位差層 C-1.第1相位差層之特性 第1相位差層20可根據目的而具有任意適當之光學特性及/或機械特性。第1相位差層20具代表性而言具有遲相軸。於一實施形態中，第1相位差層20之遲相軸與偏光元件11之吸收軸所成之角度較佳為10°~20°，更佳為13°~17°，進而較佳為約15°。若第1相位差層20之遲相軸與偏光元件11之吸收軸所成之角度為此種範圍，則藉由如下所述般將第1相位差層及第2相位差層之面內相位差分別設定為特定之範圍，並相對於偏光元件之吸收軸以特定之角度配置第2相位差層之遲相軸，可獲得於寬頻帶中具有非常優異之圓偏光特性(結果為非常優異之抗反射特性)之光學積層體。 第1相位差層較佳為折射率特性顯示nx＞ny≧nz之關係。第1相位差層之面內相位差Re(550)較佳為180 nm~320 nm，更佳為200 nm~290 nm，進而較佳為230 nm~280 nm。再者，此處，「ny=nz」不僅包含ny與nz完全相等之情形，亦包含實質上相等之情形。因此，可於不損及本發明之效果之範圍內存在ny＜nz之情形。 第1相位差層之Nz係數較佳為0.9~3，更佳為0.9~2.5，進而較佳為0.9~1.5，尤佳為0.9~1.3。藉由滿足此種關係，於將所獲得之光學積層體用於圖像顯示裝置之情形時，可達成非常優異之反射色相。 第1相位差層可顯示相位差值根據測定光之波長而變大之反分散波長特性，亦可顯示相位差值根據測定光之波長而變小之正波長分散特性，亦可顯示相位差值幾乎不因測定光之波長而變化之平坦之波長分散特性。於一實施形態中，第1相位差層顯示相位差值幾乎不因測定光之波長而變化之平坦之波長分散特性。於該情形時，相位差層之Re(450)/Re(550)較佳為0.99~1.03，Re(650)/Re(550)較佳為0.98~1.02。藉由將顯示平坦之波長分散特性且具有特定之面內相位差之第1相位差層與顯示平坦之波長分散特性且具有特定之面內相位差之第2相位差層以特定之遲相軸角度組合使用，可於寬頻帶中實現非常優異之抗反射特性。 第1相位差層包含光彈性係數之絕對值較佳為2×10^-11 m² /N以下、更佳為2.0×10^-13 m² /N~1.5×10^-11 m² /N、進而較佳為1.0×10^-12 m² /N~1.2×10^-11 m² /N之樹脂。若光彈性係數之絕對值為此種範圍，則於產生加熱時之收縮應力之情形時不易發生相位差變化。其結果，可良好地防止所獲得之圖像顯示裝置之熱不均。 C-2.包含樹脂膜之第1相位差層 於第1相位差層包含樹脂膜之情形時，其厚度較佳為60 μm以下，較佳為30 μm~50 μm。若第1相位差層之厚度為此種範圍，則可獲得所需之面內相位差。 第1相位差層20可包含可滿足上述C-1項所記載之特性之任意適當之樹脂膜。作為此種樹脂之代表例，可列舉環狀烯烴系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、纖維素系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、聚乙烯醇系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、聚醯亞胺系樹脂、聚醚系樹脂、聚苯乙烯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂。於第1相位差層包含顯示平坦之波長特性之樹脂膜之情形時，可較佳地使用環狀烯烴系樹脂。 環狀烯烴系樹脂係以環狀烯烴作為聚合單元進行聚合而成之樹脂之總稱，例如可列舉日本專利特開平1-240517號公報、日本專利特開平3-14882號公報、日本專利特開平3-122137號公報等中所記載之樹脂。作為具體例，可列舉：環狀烯烴之開環(共)聚合物，環狀烯烴之加成聚合物，環狀烯烴與乙烯、丙烯等α-烯烴之共聚物(具代表性而言為無規共聚物)，及利用不飽和羧酸或其衍生物將其等改性而成之接枝改性物以及其等之氫化物。作為環狀烯烴之具體例，可列舉降𦯉烯系單體。作為降𦯉烯系單體，例如可列舉：降𦯉烯及其烷基及/或亞烷基取代物，例如5-甲基-2-降𦯉烯、5-二甲基-2-降𦯉烯、5-乙基-2-降𦯉烯、5-丁基-2-降𦯉烯、5-亞乙基-2-降𦯉烯等，該等之鹵素等之極性基取代物；二環戊二烯、2,3-二氫二環戊二烯等；二甲橋八氫萘、其烷基及/或亞烷基取代物、及鹵素等之極性基取代物，例如6-甲基-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘、6-乙基-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘、6-亞乙基-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘、6-氯-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘、6-氰基-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘、6-吡啶基-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘、6-甲氧基羰基-1,4:5,8-二甲橋-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘等；環戊二烯之三~四聚物，例如4,9:5,8-二甲橋-3a,4,4a,5,8,8a,9,9a-八氫-1H-苯并茚、4,11:5,10:6,9-三甲橋-3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,9,9a,10,10a,11,11a-十二氫-1H-環戊并蒽等。 於本發明中，可於不損及本發明之目的之範圍內併用可開環聚合之其他環烯烴類。作為此種環烯烴之具體例，例如可列舉環戊烯、環辛烯、5,6-二氫二環戊二烯等具有1個反應性雙鍵之化合物。 上述環狀烯烴系樹脂之藉由利用甲苯溶劑之凝膠滲透層析(GPC)法所測得之數量平均分子量(Mn)較佳為25,000~200,000，進而較佳為30,000~100,000，最佳為40,000~80,000。若數量平均分子量為上述範圍，則製成機械強度優異且溶解性、成形性、流延之操作性較佳者。 於上述環狀烯烴系樹脂為將降𦯉烯系單體之開環聚合物氫化而獲得者之情形時，氫化率較佳為90%以上，進而較佳為95%以上，最佳為99%以上。若為此種範圍，則耐熱劣化性及耐光劣化性等優異。 作為上述環狀烯烴系樹脂膜，亦可使用市售之膜。作為具體例，可列舉：日本ZEON公司製造之商品名「ZEONEX」、「ZEONOR」，JSR公司製造之商品名「Arton」，TICONA公司製造之商品名「TOPAS」，三井化學公司製造之商品名「APEL」。 第1相位差層20例如係藉由將由上述環狀烯烴系樹脂所形成之膜進行延伸而獲得。作為由環狀烯烴系樹脂形成膜之方法，可採用任意適當之成形加工法。作為具體例，可列舉壓縮成形法、轉移成形法、射出成形法、擠出成形法、吹塑成形法、粉末成形法、FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic，纖維強化塑膠)成形法、澆鑄塗敷法(例如流延法)、壓延成形法、熱壓法等。較佳為擠出成形法或澆鑄塗敷法。其原因在於：可提高所獲得之膜之平滑性，獲得良好之光學均一性。成形條件可根據所使用之樹脂之組成或種類、相位差層所需之特性等而適當設定。再者，如上所述，環狀烯烴系樹脂係市售有大量之膜製品，故而亦可將該市售膜直接供於延伸處理。 樹脂膜(未延伸膜)之厚度可根據第1相位差層之所需之厚度、所需之光學特性、下述延伸條件等而設定為任意適當之值。較佳為50 μm~300 μm。 上述延伸可採用任意適當之延伸方法、延伸條件(例如延伸溫度、延伸倍率、延伸方向)。具體而言，可將自由端延伸、固定端延伸、自由端收縮、固定端收縮等各種延伸方法單獨使用，亦可同時或逐次使用。關於延伸方向，亦可於長度方向、寬度方向、厚度方向、傾斜方向等各種方向或維度進行。延伸之溫度相對於樹脂膜之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)較佳為Tg-30℃~Tg+60℃，更佳為Tg-10℃~Tg+50℃。 藉由適當選擇上述延伸方法、延伸條件，可獲得具有上述所需之光學特性(例如折射率特性、面內相位差、Nz係數)之相位差膜。 於一實施形態中，相位差膜係藉由將樹脂膜進行單軸延伸或固定端單軸延伸而製作。作為固定端單軸延伸之具體例，可列舉一面使樹脂膜於長度方向上移動，一面於寬度方向(橫向)上將其進行延伸之方法。延伸倍率較佳為1.1倍~3.5倍。 於另一實施形態中，相位差膜可藉由將長條狀之樹脂膜於相對於長度方向成特定角度之方向上連續地傾斜延伸而製作。藉由採用傾斜延伸，可獲得具有相對於膜之長度方向成特定角度之配向角(於該角度之方向上具有遲相軸)的長條狀之延伸膜，例如與偏光元件積層時可實現輥對輥，從而可簡化製造步驟。再者，該角度可為光學積層體中偏光元件之吸收軸與第1相位差層之遲相軸所成之角度。如上所述，該角度較佳為10°~20°，更佳為13°~17°，進而較佳為約15°。 作為傾斜延伸中所使用之延伸機，例如可列舉可於橫向及/或縱向上施加速度左右不同之傳送力或拉伸力或牽引力之拉幅式延伸機。拉幅式延伸機中存在橫向單軸延伸機、同時雙軸延伸機等，只要可將長條狀之樹脂膜連續地傾斜延伸，則可使用任意適當之延伸機。 藉由在上述延伸機中分別適當地控制左右之速度，可獲得具有上述所需之面內相位差且於上述所需之方向上具有遲相軸之第1相位差層(實質上為長條狀之相位差膜)。 上述膜之延伸溫度可根據第1相位差層所需之面內相位差值及厚度、所使用之樹脂之種類、所使用之膜之厚度、延伸倍率等而變化。具體而言，延伸溫度較佳為Tg-30℃~Tg+30℃，進而較佳為Tg-15℃~Tg+15℃，最佳為Tg-10℃~Tg+10℃。藉由在此種溫度下進行延伸，於本發明中可獲得具有適當特性之第1相位差層。再者，Tg係膜之構成材料之玻璃轉移溫度。 C-3.包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之第1相位差層 第1相位差層20亦可為液晶化合物之配向固化層。藉由使用液晶化合物，可使所獲得之相位差層之nx與ny之差與非液晶材料相比顯著增大，故而可將用以獲得所需之面內相位差之第1相位差層之厚度顯著減小。其結果，可實現光學積層體之進一步之薄型化。於第1相位差層20包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之情形時，其厚度較佳為1 μm~7 μm，更佳為1.5 μm~2.5 μm。藉由使用液晶化合物，能以與樹脂膜相比顯著薄之厚度實現與樹脂膜同等之面內相位差。 於本說明書中，所謂「配向固化層」，係指液晶化合物於層內沿特定之方向配向且其配向狀態經固定之層。再者，「配向固化層」係包含如下所述般使液晶單體硬化而獲得之配向硬化層之概念。於本實施形態中，具代表性而言，棒狀之液晶化合物以沿第1相位差層之遲相軸方向排列之狀態配向(水平配向)。作為液晶化合物，例如可列舉液晶相為向列相之液晶化合物(向列液晶)。作為此種液晶化合物，例如可使用液晶聚合物或液晶單體。液晶化合物之液晶性之表現機制可為溶致性液晶與熱致性液晶之任一種。液晶聚合物及液晶單體可分別單獨使用，亦可組合。 於液晶化合物為液晶單體之情形時，該液晶單體較佳為聚合性單體及交聯性單體。其原因在於：藉由使液晶單體聚合或交聯(即硬化)，可將液晶單體之配向狀態固定。於使液晶單體配向後，例如若使液晶單體彼此聚合或交聯，則藉此可將上述配向狀態固定。此處，藉由聚合而形成聚合物，藉由交聯而形成三維網狀結構，但該等為非液晶性。因此，所形成之第1相位差層不會發生例如液晶性化合物所特有之因溫度變化而引起之向液晶相、玻璃相、結晶相之轉移。其結果，第1相位差層成為不受溫度變化影響之穩定性極其優異之相位差層。 液晶單體顯示液晶性之溫度範圍根據其種類而不同。具體而言，該溫度範圍較佳為40℃~120℃，進而較佳為50℃~100℃，最佳為60℃~90℃。 作為上述液晶單體，可採用任意適當之液晶單體。例如可使用日本專利特表2002-533742(WO00/37585)、EP358208(US5211877)、EP66137(US4388453)、WO93/22397、EP0261712、DE19504224、DE4408171、及GB2280445等中所記載之聚合性液晶原基化合物等。作為此種聚合性液晶原基化合物之具體例，例如可列舉BASF公司之商品名LC242、Merck公司之商品名E7、Wacker-Chem公司之商品名LC-Sillicon-CC3767。作為液晶單體，例如較佳為向列性液晶單體。 液晶化合物之配向固化層可藉由如下方式形成：對特定之基材之表面實施配向處理，於該表面塗敷包含液晶化合物之塗敷液並使該液晶化合物沿與上述配向處理對應之方向配向，將該配向狀態固定。藉由使用此種配向處理，可使液晶化合物相對於長條狀基材之長條方向沿特定之方向配向，結果，可使遲相軸於所形成之相位差層之特定方向上顯現。例如，可於長條狀之基材上形成於相對於長條方向成15°之方向上具有遲相軸之相位差層。此種相位差層即便於需要於傾斜方向上具有遲相軸之情形時，亦可使用輥對輥進行積層，故而光學積層體之生產性可顯著提高。於一實施形態中，基材為任意適當之樹脂膜，形成於該基材上之配向固化層可轉印至偏光板10之表面。於另一實施形態中，基材可為第2保護層13。於該情形時，可省略轉印步驟，於形成配向固化層(第1相位差層)後連續地藉由輥對輥進行積層，故而生產性進一步提高。 作為上述配向處理，可採用任意適當之配向處理。具體而言，可列舉機械性之配向處理、物理性之配向處理、化學性之配向處理。作為機械性之配向處理之具體例，可列舉摩擦處理、延伸處理。作為物理性之配向處理之具體例，可列舉磁場配向處理、電場配向處理。作為化學性之配向處理之具體例，可列舉斜向蒸鍍法、光配向處理。關於各種配向處理之處理條件，可根據目的採用任意適當之條件。 液晶化合物之配向係藉由根據液晶化合物之種類於顯示液晶相之溫度下進行處理而進行。藉由進行此種溫度處理，液晶化合物成為液晶狀態，該液晶化合物對應於基材表面之配向處理方向而配向。 於一實施形態中，配向狀態之固定係藉由將如上所述般經配向之液晶化合物冷卻而進行。於液晶化合物為聚合性單體或交聯性單體之情形時，配向狀態之固定係藉由對如上所述般經配向之液晶化合物實施聚合處理或交聯處理而進行。 液晶化合物之具體例及配向固化層之形成方法之詳細內容係記載於日本專利特開2006-163343號公報中。該公報之記載係以參考之形式引用至本說明書中。 D.第2相位差層 D-1.第2相位差層之特性 第2相位差層30可根據目的而具有任意適當之光學特性及/或機械特性。第2相位差層30具代表性而言具有遲相軸。於一實施形態中，第2相位差層30之遲相軸與偏光元件11之吸收軸所成之角度較佳為65°~85°，更佳為72°~78°，進而較佳為約75°。第2相位差層30之遲相軸與第1相位差層20之遲相軸所成之角度較佳為52°~68°，更佳為57°~63°，進而較佳為約60°。若第2相位差層30之遲相軸與偏光元件11之吸收軸所成之角度為此種範圍，則藉由如上所述般將第1相位差層之面內相位差設定為特定之範圍，並相對於偏光元件之吸收軸以特定之角度配置第1相位差層之遲相軸，且如下所述般將第2相位差層之面內相位差設定為特定之範圍，可獲得於寬頻帶中具有非常優異之圓偏光特性(結果為非常優異之抗反射特性)之光學積層體。 第2相位差層較佳為折射率特性顯示nx＞ny≧nz之關係。第2相位差層之面內相位差Re(550)較佳為80 nm~200 nm，更佳為100 nm~180 nm，進而較佳為110 nm~170 nm。 第2相位差層之其他特性係如上述C-1項中關於第1相位差層所作之說明。 D-2.包含樹脂膜之第2相位差層 於第2相位差層包含樹脂膜之情形時，其厚度較佳為40 μm以下，較佳為25 μm~35 μm。若第2相位差層之厚度為此種範圍，則可獲得所需之面內相位差。於第2相位差層包含樹脂膜之情形時，其材料、特性、製造方法等係如上述C-2項中關於第1相位差層所作之說明。 D-3.包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之第2相位差層 第2相位差層30亦可與第1相位差層同樣地為液晶化合物之配向固化層。於第2相位差層30包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之情形時，其厚度較佳為0.5 μm~2 μm，更佳為1 μm~1.5 μm。於第2相位差層包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之情形時，其材料、特性、製造方法等係如上述C-3項中關於第1相位差層所作之說明。 D-4.第1相位差層與第2相位差層之組合 第1相位差層及第2相位差層能以任意適當之組合之形式使用。具體而言，可為第1相位差層包含樹脂膜，第2相位差層包含液晶化合物之配向固化層；亦可為第1相位差層包含液晶化合物之配向固化層，第2相位差層包含樹脂膜；亦可為第1相位差層及第2相位差層均包含樹脂膜；亦可為第1相位差層及第2相位差層均包含液晶化合物之配向固化層。較佳為於第1相位差層包含樹脂膜之情形時，第2相位差層亦包含樹脂膜；於第1相位差層包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之情形時，第2相位差層亦包含液晶化合物之配向固化層。再者，於第1相位差層及第2相位差層均包含樹脂膜之情形時，第1相位差層及第2相位差層可相同，亦可使詳細之構成不同。第1相位差層及第2相位差層均包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之情形時亦同樣。 於第1相位差層及第2相位差層均包含樹脂膜之情形時，第2相位差層之尺寸變化率較佳為1%以下，更佳為0.95%以下。第2相位差層之尺寸變化率越小越佳。第2相位差層之尺寸變化率之下限例如為0.01%。若第2相位差層之尺寸變化率為此種範圍，則可顯著地抑制高溫高濕下之導電層產生龜裂。 於第1相位差層及第2相位差層均包含液晶化合物之配向固化層之情形時，偏光板、第1相位差層及第2相位差層之積層體之尺寸變化率較佳為1%以下，更佳為0.95%以下。該積層體之尺寸變化率越小越佳。該積層體之尺寸變化率之下限例如為0.01%。若該積層體之尺寸變化率為此種範圍，則可顯著地抑制高溫高濕下之導電層產生龜裂。 E.導電層 導電層可藉由任意之適當之成膜方法(例如真空蒸鍍法、濺鍍法、CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition，化學氣相沈積)法、離子鍍覆法、噴霧法等)於任意適當之基材上形成金屬氧化物膜而形成。成膜後視需要亦可進行加熱處理(例如100℃~200℃)。藉由進行加熱處理，非晶質膜可結晶化。作為金屬氧化物，例如可列舉氧化銦、氧化錫、氧化鋅、銦-錫複合氧化物、錫-銻複合氧化物、鋅-鋁複合氧化物、銦-鋅複合氧化物。銦氧化物中亦可摻雜有2價金屬離子或4價金屬離子。較佳為銦系複合氧化物，更佳為銦-錫複合氧化物(ITO)。銦系複合氧化物具有於可見光區域(380 nm~780 nm)中具有較高之透過率(例如80%以上)且每單位面積之表面電阻值較低之特徵。 於導電層包含金屬氧化物之情形時，該導電層之厚度較佳為50 nm以下，更佳為35 nm以下。導電層之厚度之下限較佳為10 nm。 導電層之表面電阻值較佳為300 Ω/□以下，更佳為150 Ω/□以下，進而較佳為100 Ω/□以下。 導電層視需要可圖案化。藉由圖案化，可形成導通部及絕緣部。作為圖案化方法，可採用任意適當之方法。作為圖案化方法之具體例，可列舉濕式蝕刻法、網版印刷法。 F.基材 作為基材，只要可獲得上述A項所記載之所需之透濕度、尺寸變化率及線膨脹係數，則可使用任意適當之樹脂膜。較佳為除了上述所需之特性以外具有優異之透明性之樹脂膜。作為構成材料之具體例，可列舉環狀烯烴系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、纖維素系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂。 較佳為上述基材為光學各向同性。作為構成光學各向同性之基材(各向同性基材)之材料，例如可列舉：以降𦯉烯系樹脂或烯烴系樹脂等不具有共軛系之樹脂作為主骨架之材料、於丙烯酸系樹脂之主鏈中具有內酯環或戊二醯亞胺環等環狀結構之材料等。若使用此種材料，則於形成各向同性基材時，可將伴隨分子鏈之配向的相位差之表現抑制為較小。 基材之厚度較佳為10 μm~200 μm，更佳為20 μm~60 μm。 視需要亦可於導電層41與基材42之間設置硬塗層(未圖示)。作為硬塗層，可使用任意之具有適當構成之硬塗層。硬塗層之厚度例如為0.5 μm~2 μm。只要霧度為容許範圍，則亦可於硬塗層中添加用以減少牛頓環之微粒子。進而，視需要亦可於導電層41與基材42(於存在之情形時為硬塗層)之間設置用以提高導電層之密接性之增黏塗層、及/或用以調整反射率之折射率調整層。作為增黏塗層及折射率調整層，可採用任意適當之構成。增黏塗層及折射率調整層可為數奈米~數十奈米之薄層。 視需要亦可於基材42之與導電層相反之側(光學積層體之最外側)設置另一硬塗層。具代表性而言，該硬塗層包含黏合劑樹脂層及球狀粒子，球狀粒子自黏合劑樹脂層突出而形成凸部。此種硬塗層之詳細內容係記載於日本專利特開2013-145547號公報中，該公報之記載係以參考之形式引用至本說明書中。 G.其他 本發明之實施形態之光學積層體亦可進而包含其他相位差層。其他相位差層之光學特性(例如折射率特性、面內相位差、Nz係數量、光彈性係數)、厚度、配置位置等可根據目的而適當設定。 就實用而言，於基材42之表面設置有用以貼合於顯示單元之黏著劑層(未圖示)。較佳為於該黏著劑層之表面貼合有剝離膜直至將光學積層體供於使用。 H.圖像顯示裝置 上述A項~G項所記載之光學積層體可應用於圖像顯示裝置。因此，本發明包含使用此種光學積層體之圖像顯示裝置。作為圖像顯示裝置之代表例，可列舉液晶顯示裝置、有機EL顯示裝置。本發明之實施形態之圖像顯示裝置於其視認側具備上述A項~G項所記載之光學積層體。光學積層體係以導電層成為顯示單元(例如液晶單元、有機EL單元)側之方式(偏光元件成為視認側之方式)積層。即，本發明之實施形態之圖像顯示裝置可為於顯示單元(例如液晶單元、有機EL單元)與偏光板之間組入有觸控感測器之所謂之內觸控面板型輸入顯示裝置。於該情形時，觸控感測器可配置於導電層(或附有基材之導電層)與顯示單元之間。關於觸控感測器之構成，可採用業界周知之構成，故而省略詳細之說明。 [實施例] 以下，藉由實施例對本發明具體地進行說明，但本發明不受該等實施例之限定。再者，各特性之測定方法如下所述。 (1)厚度 對於塗佈形成之相位差層(液晶化合物之配向固化層)，使用大塚電子製造之MCPD2000藉由干涉膜厚測定法進行測定。對於其他膜，使用數位式測微計(Anritsu公司製造之KC-351C)進行測定。 (2)相位差層之相位差值 利用自動雙折射測定裝置(王子計測機器股份有限公司製造，自動雙折射計KOBRA-WPR)測量實施例及比較例中所使用之相位差層之折射率nx、ny及nz。面內相位差Re之測定波長為450 nm及550 nm，厚度方向相位差Rth之測定波長為550 nm，測定溫度為23℃。 (3)透濕度 依據JIS K 7129B(Mocon法)進行測定。於溫度40℃、濕度92%RH之氛圍中測定於24小時內通過面積1 m² 之試樣之水蒸氣量(mg)。 (4)尺寸變化率 將實施例及比較例中所使用之基材或相位差層、或者實施例及比較例中所獲得之光學積層體以100 mm×100 mm切出而作為測定試樣。測定將該測定試樣於溫度85℃及相對濕度85%之烘箱中保管240小時後之尺寸，將與投入烘箱前之尺寸相比之變化率作為尺寸變化率。 (5)線膨脹係數 使用SII NanoTechnology製造之TMA(SS7100)，將實施例及比較例中所使用之基材以約6 mm見方切削並設置於試樣台，依據JIS K 7197進行TMA(壓縮膨脹法)測定。測定負荷為19.6 mN，探針直徑為3.5 mmf，升溫速度為5℃/分鐘，於-150℃~20℃之範圍內進行測定，根據所獲得之尺寸變化之資料算出該範圍之平均線膨脹係數。 (6)光學積層體之耐久性 將實施例及比較例中所獲得之光學積層體以100 mm×50 mm切出並貼合於無鹼玻璃而作為測定試樣。將該測定試樣於溫度85℃及相對濕度85%之烘箱中保管120小時。其後，將測定試樣自烘箱中取出，利用雷射顯微鏡觀察導電層之狀態，以如下基準進行評價。 良好：未確認到龜裂 不良：明顯確認到龜裂 [參考例1：偏光板之製作] 對於厚度30 μm之聚乙烯醇(PVA)系樹脂膜(Kuraray製造，製品名「PE3000」)之長條卷，一面利用輥延伸機以於長條方向上成為5.9倍之方式於長條方向上進行單軸延伸，一面同時實施膨潤、染色、交聯、洗淨處理，最後實施乾燥處理，藉此製作厚度12 μm之偏光元件1。 具體而言，膨潤處理係一面於20℃之純水中進行處理一面延伸至2.2倍。繼而，染色處理係一面於以所獲得之偏光元件之單體透過率成為45.0%之方式調整了碘濃度的碘與碘化鉀之重量比為1：7之30℃之水溶液中進行處理一面延伸至1.4倍。進而，交聯處理係採用2階段之交聯處理，第一階段之交聯處理係一面於40℃之溶解有硼酸與碘化鉀之水溶液中進行處理一面延伸至1.2倍。第一階段之交聯處理之水溶液之硼酸含量為5.0重量%，碘化鉀含量係設為3.0重量%。第二階段之交聯處理係一面於65℃之溶解有硼酸與碘化鉀之水溶液中進行處理一面延伸至1.6倍。第二階段之交聯處理之水溶液之硼酸含量為4.3重量%，碘化鉀含量係設為5.0重量%。又，洗淨處理係於20℃之碘化鉀水溶液中進行處理。洗淨處理之水溶液之碘化鉀含量係設為2.6重量%。最後，乾燥處理係於70℃下乾燥5分鐘而獲得偏光元件1。 於所獲得之偏光元件1之兩面，經由聚乙烯醇系接著劑分別貼合Konica Minolta股份有限公司製造之TAC膜(製品名：KC2UA，厚度：25 μm，對應於第2保護層)及於該TAC膜之單面具有藉由硬塗處理而形成之硬塗(HC)層之HC-TAC膜(厚度：32 μm，對應於第1保護層)，獲得具有第1保護層/偏光元件1/第2保護層之構成之偏光板1。 [參考例2：構成第1相位差層之液晶配向固化層之製作] 將顯示向列液晶相之聚合性液晶(BASF公司製造：商品名「Paliocolor LC242」，由下述式表示)10 g與針對該聚合性液晶化合物之光聚合起始劑(BASF公司製造：商品名「Irgacure907」)3 g溶解於甲苯40 g中，製備液晶組合物(塗敷液)。 [化1]

使用摩擦布將聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜(厚度38 μm)表面摩擦而實施配向處理。關於配向處理之條件，摩擦次數(摩擦輥個數)為1，摩擦輥半徑r為76.89 mm，摩擦輥轉數nr為1500 rpm，膜搬送速度v為83 mm/sec，關於摩擦強度RS及壓入量M，於如表1所示之5種條件(a)~(e)下進行。 [表1]

配向處理之方向係於貼合於偏光板時自視認側觀察而相對於偏光元件之吸收軸之方向成-75°方向。利用棒式塗佈機將上述液晶塗敷液塗敷於該配向處理表面，並於90℃下加熱乾燥2分鐘，藉此使液晶化合物配向。於條件(a)~(c)下，液晶化合物之配向狀態非常良好。於條件(d)及(e)下，液晶化合物之配向產生若干混亂，但為實用上無問題之水準。使用金屬鹵素燈對如此而形成之液晶層照射1 mJ/cm² 之光，使該液晶層硬化，藉此於PET膜上形成相位差層(液晶配向固化層)1。相位差層1之厚度為2 μm，面內相位差Re(550)為236 nm。進而，相位差層1具有nx＞ny=nz之折射率分佈。 [參考例3：構成第2相位差層之液晶配向固化層之製作] 使用摩擦布將聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜(厚度38 μm)表面摩擦而實施配向處理。配向處理之方向係於貼合於偏光板時自視認側觀察而相對於偏光元件之吸收軸之方向成-15°方向。將與參考例2相同之液晶塗敷液塗敷於該配向處理表面，以與參考例2相同之方式使液晶化合物配向及硬化，於PET膜上形成相位差層2。相位差層2之厚度為1.2 μm，面內相位差Re(550)為115 nm。進而，相位差層2具有nx＞ny=nz之折射率分佈。 [參考例4：構成第1相位差層及第2相位差層之積層相位差膜之製作] 將Kaneka股份有限公司製造之環烯烴系之相位差膜A(製品名：KUZ-Film#270，厚度：33 μm，Re(550)=270 nm)與Kaneka股份有限公司製造之環烯烴系之相位差膜B(製品名：KUZ-Film#140，厚度：28 μm，Re(550)=140 nm)以各自之遲相軸所成之角度成為60°之方式經由厚度5 μm之丙烯酸系接著層貼合，獲得積層相位差膜。將該積層相位差膜作為相位差層3。 [參考例5：構成相位差層之相位差膜之製作] 7-1.聚碳酸酯樹脂膜之製作 將異山梨酯(ISB)26.2質量份、9,9-[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基]茀(BHEPF)100.5質量份、1,4-環己烷二甲醇(1,4-CHDM)10.7質量份、碳酸二苯酯(DPC)105.1質量份、及作為觸媒之碳酸銫(0.2質量%水溶液)0.591質量份分別投入至反應容器中，於氮氣氛圍下，作為反應之第1階段步驟，將反應容器之熱媒溫度設為150℃，一面視需要進行攪拌一面使原料溶解(約15分鐘)。 繼而，使反應容器內之壓力自常壓調整為13.3k Pa，一面使反應容器之熱媒溫度以1小時上升至190℃，一面將所產生之苯酚抽出至反應容器外。 將反應容器內溫度於190℃保持15分鐘後，作為第2階段步驟，將反應容器內之壓力設為6.67k Pa，使反應容器之熱媒溫度以15分鐘上升至230℃，將所產生之苯酚抽出至反應容器外。由於攪拌機之攪拌轉矩上升，故而以8分鐘升溫至250℃，為了進而將所產生之苯酚去除，而將反應容器內之壓力降低至0.200k Pa以下。達到特定之攪拌轉矩後，結束反應，將所生成之反應物擠出至水中後，進行顆粒化，獲得BHEPF/ISB/1,4-CHDM=47.4莫耳%/37.1莫耳%/15.5莫耳%之聚碳酸酯樹脂。 所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度為136.6℃，比濃黏度為0.395 dL/g。 將所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂於80℃下真空乾燥5小時後，使用具備單軸擠出機(Isuzu Kakoki公司製造，螺桿直徑25 mm，料缸設定溫度：220℃)、T型模頭(寬度200 mm，設定溫度：220℃)、冷卻輥(設定溫度：120~130℃)及捲取機之膜製膜裝置製作厚度120 μm之聚碳酸酯樹脂膜。 7-2.相位差膜之製作 使用拉幅式延伸機將所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂膜進行橫向延伸，獲得厚度50 μm之相位差膜。此時，延伸倍率為250%，將延伸溫度設為137~139℃。 所獲得之相位差膜之Re(550)為137~147 nm，Re(450)/Re(550)為0.89，Nz係數為1.21，配向角(遲相軸之方向)相對於長條方向為90°。將該相位差膜用作相位差層4。 [參考例6：導電性膜(附有基材之導電層)之製作] 作為基材，使用厚度50 μm之聚環烯烴膜(日本ZEON製造，商品名「ZEONOR(註冊商標)」)。於該基材之一面塗佈紫外線硬化性樹脂組合物(DIC公司製造之商品名「UNIDIC(註冊商標)RS29-120」)，於80℃下乾燥1分鐘後，進行紫外線硬化，形成厚度1.0 μm之硬塗層。繼而，於基材之另一面塗佈包含與上述相同之紫外線硬化性樹脂組合物100重量份、及最頻粒徑為1.9 μm之丙烯酸系球狀粒子(綜研化學公司製造，商品名「MX-180TA」)0.002重量份的摻有球狀粒子之硬化性樹脂組合物，其後進行紫外線硬化，形成厚度1.0 μm之硬塗層。將上述所獲得之聚環烯烴膜投入至濺鍍裝置中，於不含粒子之硬塗層表面形成厚度27 nm之銦錫氧化物之非晶質層。繼而，將形成有銦錫氧化物之非晶質層之聚烯烴膜於130℃之加熱烘箱中進行90分鐘加熱處理，製作表面電阻值為100 Ω/□之透明導電性膜。將該透明導電性膜作為附有基材之導電層。基材之依照上述(3)之透濕度為7 mg/m² ・24 h，依照上述(4)之尺寸變化率為0.03%，依照上述(5)之線膨脹係數為7.3(×10^-6 /℃)。 [參考例7：導電性膜(附有基材之導電層)之製作] 作為基材，使用厚度50 μm之PET膜(Toray製造，商品名「Lumirror#50」)，除此以外，以與參考例6相同之方式製作表面電阻值為100 Ω/□之透明導電性膜。將該透明導電性膜作為附有基材之導電層。基材之依照上述(3)之透濕度為700 mg/m² ・24 h，依照上述(4)之尺寸變化率為0.50%，依照上述(5)之線膨脹係數為13.0(×10^-6 /℃)。 [參考例8：黏著劑層之製作] 將丙烯酸丁酯99份、丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯1.0份及2,2'-偶氮二異丁腈0.3份與乙酸乙酯一併添加至具備冷凝管、氮氣導入管、溫度計及攪拌裝置之反應容器中。使反應容器中之混合物於氮氣氣流下於60℃下反應4小時後，向該反應液中添加乙酸乙酯，獲得含有重量平均分子量165萬之丙烯酸系聚合物之溶液(固形物成分濃度30%)。對每100份上述丙烯酸系聚合物溶液之固形物成分調配0.15份之過氧化二苯甲醯(日本油脂製造(股)：Nyper BO-Y)、0.1份之三羥甲基丙烷二甲苯二異氰酸酯(三井武田化學(股)：Takenate D110N)、及0.2份之矽烷偶合劑(綜研化學股份有限公司製造：A-100，含乙醯乙醯基之矽烷偶合劑)而獲得黏著劑層形成用溶液。將上述黏著劑層形成用溶液塗敷於包含經矽酮系剝離劑進行了表面處理之包含聚酯膜的隔離膜上，於155℃下加熱處理3分鐘而獲得厚度15 μm之黏著劑層A。 [參考例9：黏著劑層之製作] 將丙烯酸丁酯94.9份、丙烯酸5份及丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯0.1份、以及相對於該等單體(固形物成分)100份而為0.3份之過氧化苯甲醯與乙酸乙酯一併添加至具備冷凝管、氮氣導入管、溫度計及攪拌裝置之反應容器中。使反應容器中之混合物於氮氣氣流下於60℃下反應7小時後，向該反應液中添加乙酸乙酯，獲得含有重量平均分子量220萬之丙烯酸系聚合物之溶液(固形物成分濃度30重量%)。對每100份上述丙烯酸系聚合物溶液之固形物成分調配0.6份之三羥甲基丙烷二異氰酸甲苯酯(Nippon Polyurethane(股)製造：Coronate L)、及0.075份之γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲氧基矽烷(信越化學工業(股)製造：KBM-403)而獲得黏著劑層形成用溶液。將上述黏著劑層形成用溶液塗敷於包含經矽酮系剝離劑進行了表面處理之聚酯膜的隔離膜上，於155℃下加熱處理3分鐘而獲得厚度15 μm之黏著劑層B。 [實施例1] 將偏光板1之第2保護層面與相位差層1以偏光元件之吸收軸與相位差層1之遲相軸所成之角度成為15°之方式經由厚度5 μm之丙烯酸系接著劑貼合。繼而，將形成有相位差層1之PET膜剝離，於該剝離面以偏光元件之吸收軸與相位差層2之遲相軸所成之角度成為75°之方式經由厚度5 μm之丙烯酸系接著劑貼合相位差層2。繼而，將形成有相位差層2之PET膜剝離，獲得具有偏光板/第1相位差層/第2相位差層之構成之圓偏光板1。將圓偏光板1之第2相位差層與參考例6中所獲得之附有基材之導電層的導電層經由黏著劑層A貼合，獲得光學積層體1。將所獲得之光學積層體1供於上述(6)之評價。將結果示於表2。 [實施例2] 使用相位差層3(積層相位差膜)代替相位差層1及2，將偏光板1之第2保護層面與相位差層膜A之面以偏光元件之吸收軸與相位差膜A之遲相軸所成之角度成為15°且偏光元件之吸收軸與相位差膜B之遲相軸所成之角度成為75°之方式經由厚度12 μm之丙烯酸系接著劑貼合，獲得具有偏光板/第1相位差層/第2相位差層之構成之圓偏光板2。將圓偏光板2之第2相位差層與參考例6中所獲得之附有基材之導電層的導電層經由黏著劑層A貼合，獲得光學積層體2。將所獲得之光學積層體2供於上述(6)之評價。將結果示於表2。 [比較例1] 使用參考例7中所獲得之附有基材之導電層，除此以外，以與實施例1相同之方式獲得光學積層體3。將所獲得之光學積層體3供於上述(6)之評價。將結果示於表2。 [比較例2] 使用參考例7中所獲得之附有基材之導電層，除此以外，以與實施例2相同之方式獲得光學積層體4。將所獲得之光學積層體4供於上述(6)之評價。將結果示於表2。 [表2]

[產業上之可利用性] 本發明之光學積層體可較佳地用於液晶顯示裝置及有機EL顯示裝置般之圖像顯示裝置，尤其可較佳地用作有機EL顯示裝置之抗反射膜。進而，本發明之光學積層體可較佳地用於內觸控面板型輸入顯示裝置。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. (Definition of terms and symbols) The definitions of terms and symbols in this manual are as follows. (1) Refractive index (nx, ny, nz) "nx" is the refractive index in the direction of the maximum refractive index in the plane (ie the direction of the slow axis), and "ny" is the direction orthogonal to the slow axis in the plane (That is, the refractive index in the direction of the advancing axis), "nz" is the refractive index in the thickness direction. (2) In-plane retardation (Re) "Re(λ)" is the in-plane retardation measured with light of wavelength λ nm at 23°C. For example, "Re(550)" is the in-plane phase difference measured with light with a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C. Re(λ) is calculated by the formula: Re(λ)=(nx-ny)×d when the thickness of the layer (film) is d(nm). (3) Thickness direction retardation (Rth) "Rth(λ)" is the thickness direction retardation measured with light of wavelength λ nm at 23°C. For example, "Rth(550)" is the thickness direction retardation measured with light with a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C. Rth(λ) is calculated by the formula: Rth(λ)=(nx-nz)×d when the thickness of the layer (film) is d(nm). (4) Nz coefficient The Nz coefficient is obtained by Nz=Rth/Re. A. Overall structure of optical laminate FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. The optical laminate 100 of this embodiment has a polarizing plate 10, a first retardation layer 20, a second retardation layer 30, a conductive layer 41, and a base material 42 in this order. The polarizing plate 10 includes a polarizing element 11, a first protective layer 12 arranged on one side of the polarizing element 11, and a second protective layer 13 arranged on the other side of the polarizing element 11. Depending on the purpose, one of the first protective layer 12 and the second protective layer 13 may be omitted. For example, when the first retardation layer 20 can also function as a protective layer of the polarizing element 11, the second protective layer 13 may be omitted. The base material 42 is laminated on the conductive layer 41 in close contact. In this specification, the "adhesive build-up layer" refers to two layers that are directly and firmly bonded without intervening an adhesive layer (such as an adhesive layer and an adhesive layer). The conductive layer 41 and the base material 42 may each become a constituent element of the optical laminate 100 in the form of a single layer, or may be introduced into the optical laminate 100 in the form of a laminate of the base material 42 and the conductive layer 41. Furthermore, in order to facilitate observation, the ratio of the thickness of each layer in the drawing is different from the actual one. In the embodiment of the present invention, the moisture permeability of the substrate 42 is 5 mg/m ² ·24 h~10 mg/m ² ·24 h, preferably 6 mg/m ² ·24 h~9 mg/m ²・24 h, more preferably 7 mg/m ² ·24 h~8 mg/m ² ·24 h. The dimensional change rate of the substrate 42 is 0.3% or less, preferably 0.1% or less, and more preferably 0.05% or less. Furthermore, the coefficient of linear expansion of the base material 42 is 5 (×10 ^-6 /°C) to 10 (×10 ^-6 /°C), preferably 6 (×10 ^-6 /°C) to 9 (×10 ^-6 /°C) ℃), more preferably 7(×10 ^-6 /℃)~8(×10 ^-6 /℃). By arranging a substrate that is closely laminated on the conductive layer, and optimizing the above-mentioned characteristics of the substrate, the conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity can be significantly suppressed from cracking. Furthermore, the moisture permeability can be determined in accordance with the moisture permeability test of JIS Z0208 (cup method). The dimensional change rate refers to the dimensional change rate when placed in an environment with a temperature of 85°C and a relative humidity of 85% for 240 hours. The coefficient of linear expansion can be determined by TMA (thermomechanical analysis) measurement in accordance with JIS K 7197. In one embodiment, the first retardation layer 20 and the second retardation layer 30 each include a resin film. In another embodiment, the first retardation layer 20 and the second retardation layer 30 may each be an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound. Furthermore, the resin film will be described in detail in items C-2 and D-2, respectively, and the alignment cured layer of the liquid crystal compound will be described in detail in items C-3 and D-3. Except for the closely bonded layer of the conductive layer 41 and the base material 42, the layers constituting the optical laminate can be laminated via any appropriate adhesive layer (adhesive layer or adhesive layer: not shown), and can also be laminated with the conductive layer 41 and the base material. The case of the material 42 is similarly laminated in close contact. The dimensional change rate of the optical laminate is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.95% or less. The smaller the dimensional change rate of the optical laminate, the better. The lower limit of the dimensional change rate of the optical laminate is, for example, 0.01%. If the dimensional change rate of the optical laminate is in this range, it is possible to significantly suppress the occurrence of cracks in the conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity. The total thickness of the optical laminate is preferably 220 μm or less, more preferably 80 μm to 190 μm. When the first retardation layer 20 and the second retardation layer 30 are aligned cured layers of liquid crystal compounds, the total thickness of the optical laminate is preferably 175 μm or less, more preferably 80 μm to 140 μm. The optical laminate may be in the shape of a long strip (for example, a roll), or may be in the shape of a single sheet. Hereinafter, each layer, optical film, and adhesive constituting the optical laminate will be described in more detail. B. Polarizing plate B-1. Polarizing element As the polarizing element 11, any suitable polarizing element can be used. For example, the resin film forming the polarizing element may be a single-layer resin film or a laminate of two or more layers. Specific examples of the polarizing element comprising a single-layer resin film include: high hydrophilicity to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, partially formalized PVA film, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film, etc. Molecular membranes are those made by dyeing and stretching with dichroic substances such as iodine or dichroic dyes; polyene-based alignment films such as dehydrated PVA or dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride. In terms of excellent optical properties, it is preferable to use a polarizing element obtained by dyeing a PVA-based film with iodine and performing uniaxial stretching. The above-mentioned dyeing with iodine is performed, for example, by immersing the PVA-based film in an iodine aqueous solution. The stretching magnification of the above-mentioned uniaxial stretching is preferably 3 to 7 times. Stretching can be done after dyeing, or it can be done while dyeing. Also, dyeing may be performed after stretching. If necessary, the PVA-based film is subjected to swelling treatment, cross-linking treatment, washing treatment, drying treatment, etc. For example, by immersing the PVA-based film in water and washing it with water before dyeing, not only the dirt or anti-blocking agent on the surface of the PVA-based film can be washed, but also the PVA-based film can be swollen to prevent uneven dyeing. As a specific example of a polarizing element obtained by using a laminate, a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer (PVA-based resin film) laminated on the resin substrate, or a resin substrate and coating A polarizing element obtained by forming a laminate of PVA-based resin layers on the resin substrate. A polarizing element obtained by using a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer formed on the resin substrate can be produced, for example, by applying a PVA-based resin solution to the resin substrate and making it After drying, a PVA-based resin layer is formed on the resin substrate to obtain a laminate of the resin substrate and the PVA-based resin layer; the laminate is stretched and dyed to form the PVA-based resin layer into a polarizing element. In this embodiment, the stretching typically includes immersing the layered body in a boric acid aqueous solution and stretching. Furthermore, if necessary, the stretching may be further included in the stretching in the boric acid aqueous solution, and the laminate is stretched in the air at a high temperature (for example, 95° C. or higher). The obtained resin substrate/polarizing element laminate can be used directly (that is, the resin substrate can be used as the protective layer of the polarizing element), or the resin substrate can be peeled off from the resin substrate/polarizing element laminate, and Any appropriate protective layer corresponding to the purpose is laminated on the peeling surface and used. The details of the manufacturing method of such a polarizing element are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-73580. The entire record of the bulletin is cited in this specification by reference. The thickness of the polarizing element is preferably 18 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm-12 μm, still more preferably 3 μm-12 μm, and particularly preferably 5 μm-12 μm. The boric acid content of the polarizing element is preferably 18% by weight or more, more preferably 18% to 25% by weight. If the boric acid content of the polarizing element is in this range, the ease of curl adjustment during bonding can be maintained well by the synergistic effect with the following iodine content, and curling during heating can be well suppressed and improved Appearance durability when heated. The boric acid content can be calculated, for example, by the neutralization method using the following formula in terms of the amount of boric acid contained in the polarizing element per unit weight. [Number 1]

The iodine content of the polarizing element is preferably 2.1% by weight or more, more preferably 2.1% to 3.5% by weight. If the iodine content of the polarizing element is in this range, the synergistic effect with the above-mentioned boric acid content can well maintain the ease of crimp adjustment during bonding, well suppress crimp during heating, and improve heating The appearance and durability of time. In this specification, the "iodine content" means the total amount of iodine contained in the polarizing element (PVA-based resin film). More specifically, the polarizing element, the iodine to iodide ion (I ^-), molecular iodine (I _2), poly iodine ions _{^{(I 3 -, I 5 -}} ) and the like existing form, the iodine content in this specification means Contains the amount of iodine in all forms. The iodine content can be calculated by, for example, a calibration curve method of fluorescent X-ray analysis. Furthermore, the polyiodide ions exist in the polarizing element in a state of forming a PVA-iodine complex. By forming such a complex, it can exhibit absorption dichroism in the wavelength range of visible light. Specifically, the complexes (PVA-I ₃ ^-) PVA and tri-iodide ions having light absorption peaks in the vicinity of 470 nm, complexes (PVA-I ₅ ^-) PVA and five of iodide ions in the vicinity of 600 nm Has a light absorption peak. As a result, the polyiodide ion can absorb light in a wider range of visible light according to its form. On the other hand, an iodide ion (I ^-) in the vicinity of 230 nm having a light absorption peak, the absorption of visible light does not substantially participate. Therefore, the polyiodide ions present in the state of a complex with PVA can mainly participate in the absorption performance of the polarizing element. The polarizing element preferably exhibits absorption dichroism at any wavelength from 380 nm to 780 nm. The monomer transmittance of the polarizing element is 43.0%-46.0% as described above, preferably 44.5%-46.0%. The degree of polarization of the polarizing element is preferably 97.0% or more, more preferably 99.0% or more, and still more preferably 99.9% or more. B-2. First protective layer The first protective layer 12 is formed of any suitable film that can be used as a protective layer of a polarizing element. Specific examples of the material that becomes the main component of the film include: cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyamide, Transparent resins such as polyimide series, polyether series, polysulfide series, polystyrene series, polynorene series, polyolefin series, (meth)acrylic series, acetate series, etc. In addition, thermosetting resins or ultraviolet curing resins such as (meth)acrylic, urethane, (meth)acrylate urethane, epoxy, and silicone resins, etc., can also be cited . In addition, for example, glassy polymers such as silicone polymers can also be cited. In addition, the polymer film described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-343529 (WO01/37007) can also be used. As the material of the film, for example, a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imine group in the side chain, and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a nitrile group in the side chain can be used. Examples of the resin composition include resin compositions containing alternating copolymers containing isobutylene and N-methylmaleimide, and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers. The polymer film may be, for example, an extrusion molded product of the above-mentioned resin composition. As described below, the optical laminate of the present invention is typically arranged on the visible side of an image display device, and the first protective layer 12 is typically arranged on the visible side. Therefore, if necessary, the first protective layer 12 may be subjected to surface treatments such as hard coating treatment, anti-reflection treatment, anti-adhesion treatment, and anti-glare treatment. Furthermore/or, if necessary, the first protective layer 12 may be treated to improve the visibility when viewing through polarized sunglasses (representatively, the (elliptical) circular polarization function is provided, and the ultra-high phase is provided) Difference). By implementing such a process, even when viewing a display screen through a polarizing lens such as polarized sunglasses, excellent visibility can be achieved. Therefore, the optical laminate can also be preferably applied to image display devices that can be used outdoors. Regarding the thickness of the first protective layer, any appropriate thickness can be adopted as long as the required thickness of the polarizing plate and the thickness of the second protective layer can be obtained as described above. The thickness of the first protective layer is, for example, 10 μm-50 μm, preferably 15 μm-40 μm. Furthermore, when the surface treatment is performed, the thickness of the first protective layer is the thickness including the thickness of the surface treatment layer. B-3. Second protective layer The second protective layer 13 is also formed of any suitable film that can be used as a protective layer of a polarizing element. The material that becomes the main component of the film is as described in the above item B-2 regarding the first protective layer. The second protective layer 13 is preferably optically isotropic. In this specification, the so-called "optical isotropy" means that the in-plane retardation Re (550) is 0 nm to 10 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth (550) is -10 nm to +10 nm. The thickness of the second protective layer is, for example, 15 μm to 35 μm, preferably 20 μm to 30 μm. The difference between the thickness of the first protective layer and the thickness of the second protective layer is preferably 15 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or less. If the difference in thickness is in such a range, curling at the time of lamination can be suppressed satisfactorily. The thickness of the first protective layer and the thickness of the second protective layer may be the same, the first protective layer may be thicker, or the second protective layer may be thicker. Typically, the first protective layer is thicker than the second protective layer. C. The first retardation layer C-1. The characteristics of the first retardation layer The first retardation layer 20 may have any appropriate optical properties and/or mechanical properties according to the purpose. The first retardation layer 20 typically has a slow axis. In one embodiment, the angle formed by the slow axis of the first retardation layer 20 and the absorption axis of the polarizing element 11 is preferably 10°-20°, more preferably 13°-17°, and more preferably about 15°. If the angle between the slow axis of the first retardation layer 20 and the absorption axis of the polarizing element 11 is in this range, the in-plane phases of the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer The difference is set to a specific range, and the late axis of the second retardation layer is arranged at a specific angle with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing element, and a very excellent circular polarization characteristic can be obtained in a wide frequency band (the result is very excellent Anti-reflective properties) optical laminate. Preferably, the first retardation layer has a refractive index characteristic showing a relationship of nx>ny≧nz. The in-plane retardation Re(550) of the first retardation layer is preferably 180 nm to 320 nm, more preferably 200 nm to 290 nm, and still more preferably 230 nm to 280 nm. Furthermore, here, "ny=nz" includes not only the case where ny and nz are exactly equal, but also the case where they are substantially equal. Therefore, there can be a situation of ny<nz within a range that does not impair the effect of the present invention. The Nz coefficient of the first retardation layer is preferably 0.9 to 3, more preferably 0.9 to 2.5, further preferably 0.9 to 1.5, and particularly preferably 0.9 to 1.3. By satisfying this relationship, when the obtained optical laminate is used in an image display device, a very excellent reflection hue can be achieved. The first retardation layer can display the anti-dispersion wavelength characteristic that the retardation value increases according to the wavelength of the measurement light, and it can also display the positive wavelength dispersion characteristic that the retardation value decreases according to the wavelength of the measurement light, and it can also display the retardation value. Flat wavelength dispersion characteristics that hardly change due to the wavelength of the measured light. In one embodiment, the first retardation layer exhibits a flat wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the retardation value hardly changes due to the wavelength of the measurement light. In this case, Re(450)/Re(550) of the retardation layer is preferably 0.99~1.03, and Re(650)/Re(550) is preferably 0.98~1.02. By combining the first retardation layer showing flat wavelength dispersion characteristics and having a specific in-plane retardation and the second retardation layer showing flat wavelength dispersion characteristics and having a specific in-plane retardation on a specific late axis Combination of angles can achieve excellent anti-reflection characteristics in a wide frequency band. The absolute value of the first retardation layer including the photoelastic coefficient is preferably 2×10 ^-11 m ² /N or less, more preferably 2.0×10 ^-13 m ^{2 /N to 1.5×10 -11} m ² /N, and further preferably ^{1.0 × 10 -12 m 2 /N~1.2×10 -11} m 2 / N of the resin. If the absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient is in this range, the phase difference will not change easily when the shrinkage stress during heating occurs. As a result, the thermal unevenness of the obtained image display device can be prevented well. C-2. When the first retardation layer contains a resin film, the thickness of the first retardation layer is preferably 60 μm or less, preferably 30 μm-50 μm. If the thickness of the first retardation layer is in this range, the desired in-plane retardation can be obtained. The first retardation layer 20 may include any appropriate resin film that can satisfy the characteristics described in the above item C-1. Representative examples of such resins include cyclic olefin resins, polycarbonate resins, cellulose resins, polyester resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polyamide resins, and polyimide resins. , Polyether resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin. When the first retardation layer includes a resin film exhibiting flat wavelength characteristics, a cyclic olefin-based resin can be preferably used. Cyclic olefin resin is a general term for resins polymerized by cyclic olefin as a polymerization unit. Examples include Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-240517, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-14882, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3 -Resin described in Bulletin No. 122137, etc. Specific examples include: ring-opening (co)polymers of cyclic olefins, addition polymers of cyclic olefins, copolymers of cyclic olefins and α-olefins such as ethylene and propylene (typically no Conventional copolymers), and graft-modified products obtained by modifying them with unsaturated carboxylic acids or their derivatives, and their hydrogenated products. As specific examples of cyclic olefins, norene-based monomers can be cited. Examples of norene-based monomers include norene and its alkyl and/or alkylene substituents, such as 5-methyl-2-norene and 5-dimethyl-2-norene Ene, 5-ethyl-2-norethene, 5-butyl-2-norethene, 5-ethylidene-2-norethene, etc., these halogens and other polar group substituents; bicyclic Pentadiene, 2,3-dihydrodicyclopentadiene, etc.; dimethyl bridge octahydronaphthalene, its alkyl and/or alkylene substituents, and halogen and other polar group substituents, such as 6-methyl -1,4:5,8-Dimethyl bridge-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Octahydronaphthalene, 6-ethyl-1,4:5,8-Dimethyl bridge- 1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene, 6-ethylene-1,4:5,8-dimethyl bridge-1,4,4a,5,6,7, 8,8a-octahydronaphthalene, 6-chloro-1,4:5,8-dimethyl bridge-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene, 6-cyano-1 ,4:5,8-dimethyl bridge-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene, 6-pyridyl-1,4:5,8-dimethyl bridge-1, 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene, 6-methoxycarbonyl-1,4:5,8-dimethyl bridge-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8 ,8a-octahydronaphthalene, etc.; cyclopentadiene's tri-tetramers, such as 4,9:5,8-dimethyl bridge-3a,4,4a,5,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro -1H-Benzindene, 4,11:5,10:6,9-Trimethyl bridge-3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,9,9a,10,10a,11,11a-Dodecahydro- 1H-cyclopentaanthracene and so on. In the present invention, other cyclic olefins capable of ring-opening polymerization may be used in combination within the scope that does not impair the purpose of the present invention. As specific examples of such cycloolefins, for example, compounds having one reactive double bond such as cyclopentene, cyclooctene, and 5,6-dihydrodicyclopentadiene can be cited. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the above-mentioned cyclic olefin resin measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using toluene solvent is preferably 25,000~200,000, more preferably 30,000~100,000, most preferably 40,000~80,000. If the number average molecular weight is in the above range, it will be excellent in mechanical strength and better in solubility, moldability, and casting workability. When the above-mentioned cyclic olefin resin is obtained by hydrogenating a ring-opening polymer of a norene-based monomer, the hydrogenation rate is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 99% above. If it is such a range, it is excellent in heat deterioration resistance, light deterioration resistance, etc. As the above-mentioned cyclic olefin resin film, a commercially available film may also be used. As a specific example, the trade names "ZEONEX" and "ZEONOR" manufactured by ZEON, Japan, the trade names "Arton" manufactured by JSR, the trade names "TOPAS" manufactured by TICONA, and the trade names manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals APEL". The first retardation layer 20 is obtained by, for example, stretching a film formed of the above-mentioned cyclic olefin-based resin. As a method of forming a film from a cyclic olefin-based resin, any appropriate forming method can be adopted. Specific examples include compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, powder molding, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) molding, and cast coating ( For example, casting method), calendering method, hot pressing method and so on. Preferably, it is an extrusion molding method or a cast coating method. The reason is that the smoothness of the obtained film can be improved, and good optical uniformity can be obtained. The molding conditions can be appropriately set according to the composition or type of the resin used, the required characteristics of the retardation layer, and the like. Furthermore, as mentioned above, a large number of film products are commercially available for cyclic olefin-based resins, so the commercially available film can also be directly used for the stretching treatment. The thickness of the resin film (unstretched film) can be set to any appropriate value according to the required thickness of the first retardation layer, the required optical characteristics, the following stretching conditions, and the like. Preferably, it is 50 μm to 300 μm. Any appropriate stretching method and stretching conditions (e.g. stretching temperature, stretching magnification, stretching direction) can be used for the above-mentioned stretching. Specifically, various extension methods such as free end extension, fixed end extension, free end contraction, and fixed end contraction can be used alone, or simultaneously or successively. Regarding the extension direction, it may be performed in various directions or dimensions such as the length direction, the width direction, the thickness direction, and the oblique direction. The temperature of the stretching relative to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin film is preferably Tg-30°C~Tg+60°C, more preferably Tg-10°C~Tg+50°C. By appropriately selecting the above-mentioned stretching method and stretching conditions, a retardation film having the above-mentioned required optical properties (for example, refractive index characteristics, in-plane retardation, and Nz coefficient) can be obtained. In one embodiment, the retardation film is produced by uniaxially extending a resin film or uniaxially extending a fixed end. As a specific example of uniaxial extension of the fixed end, a method of extending the resin film in the width direction (lateral direction) while moving the resin film in the longitudinal direction can be cited. The stretching ratio is preferably 1.1 to 3.5 times. In another embodiment, the retardation film can be produced by continuously extending a long resin film obliquely in a direction at a specific angle with respect to the longitudinal direction. By adopting oblique stretching, it is possible to obtain a long stretched film with an alignment angle (with a slow axis in the direction of the angle) at a specific angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film. For example, a roll can be realized when laminated with a polarizing element. The rollers can simplify the manufacturing steps. Furthermore, the angle may be the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing element in the optical laminate and the late axis of the first retardation layer. As mentioned above, the angle is preferably 10°-20°, more preferably 13°-17°, and still more preferably about 15°. As the stretching machine used in the oblique stretching, for example, a tenter stretching machine that can apply a transmission force, a stretching force, or a traction force at different speeds in the lateral direction and/or the longitudinal direction. Tenter stretching machines include a horizontal uniaxial stretching machine, a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine, etc., and any suitable stretching machine can be used as long as the long resin film can be stretched continuously and obliquely. By appropriately controlling the left and right speeds in the above-mentioned stretching machine, a first phase difference layer (substantially a long strip) with the above-mentioned required in-plane phase difference and a late phase axis in the above-mentioned required direction can be obtained. Shaped retardation film). The stretching temperature of the above-mentioned film can be changed according to the required in-plane retardation value and thickness of the first retardation layer, the type of resin used, the thickness of the film used, the stretching ratio, and the like. Specifically, the extension temperature is preferably Tg-30°C~Tg+30°C, more preferably Tg-15°C~Tg+15°C, most preferably Tg-10°C~Tg+10°C. By stretching at such a temperature, the first retardation layer having suitable characteristics can be obtained in the present invention. Furthermore, Tg is the glass transition temperature of the constituent material of the film. C-3. The first retardation layer of the alignment cured layer containing the liquid crystal compound The first retardation layer 20 may also be the alignment cured layer of the liquid crystal compound. By using liquid crystal compounds, the difference between nx and ny of the obtained retardation layer can be significantly increased compared with non-liquid crystal materials, so it can be used to obtain the required in-plane retardation of the first retardation layer The thickness is significantly reduced. As a result, the optical laminate can be further reduced in thickness. When the first retardation layer 20 includes an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound, its thickness is preferably 1 μm-7 μm, more preferably 1.5 μm-2.5 μm. By using the liquid crystal compound, the in-plane retardation equivalent to that of the resin film can be achieved with a thickness significantly thinner than that of the resin film. In this specification, the so-called "alignment cured layer" refers to a layer in which the liquid crystal compound is aligned in a specific direction within the layer and its alignment state is fixed. Furthermore, the "alignment cured layer" includes the concept of an alignment cured layer obtained by curing a liquid crystal monomer as described below. In this embodiment, typically, the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound is aligned in a state of being aligned along the slow axis direction of the first retardation layer (horizontal alignment). As the liquid crystal compound, for example, a liquid crystal compound (nematic liquid crystal) whose liquid crystal phase is a nematic phase (nematic liquid crystal) can be cited. As such a liquid crystal compound, for example, a liquid crystal polymer or a liquid crystal monomer can be used. The expression mechanism of the liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystal compound can be either lyotropic liquid crystal or thermotropic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal polymer and the liquid crystal monomer may be used alone or in combination. When the liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal monomer, the liquid crystal monomer is preferably a polymerizable monomer and a crosslinkable monomer. The reason is that the alignment state of the liquid crystal monomer can be fixed by polymerizing or crosslinking (ie, hardening) the liquid crystal monomer. After the liquid crystal monomers are aligned, for example, if the liquid crystal monomers are polymerized or cross-linked with each other, the above-mentioned alignment state can be fixed by this. Here, a polymer is formed by polymerization, and a three-dimensional network structure is formed by cross-linking, but these are non-liquid crystallinity. Therefore, the formed first retardation layer does not undergo transition to the liquid crystal phase, the glass phase, and the crystal phase due to temperature changes, which are characteristic of liquid crystal compounds, for example. As a result, the first retardation layer becomes a retardation layer having extremely excellent stability that is not affected by temperature changes. The temperature range in which the liquid crystal monomer exhibits liquid crystallinity differs according to its type. Specifically, the temperature range is preferably 40°C to 120°C, more preferably 50°C to 100°C, and most preferably 60°C to 90°C. As the above-mentioned liquid crystal monomer, any suitable liquid crystal monomer can be used. For example, the polymerizable mesogen compounds described in Japanese Patent Special Form 2002-533742 (WO00/37585), EP358208 (US5211877), EP66137 (US4388453), WO93/22397, EP0261712, DE19504224, DE4408171, and GB2280445, etc. can be used . Specific examples of such polymerizable mesogen compounds include, for example, the trade name LC242 of BASF, the trade name E7 of Merck, and the trade name LC-Sillicon-CC3767 of Wacker-Chem. As the liquid crystal monomer, for example, a nematic liquid crystal monomer is preferable. The alignment curing layer of the liquid crystal compound can be formed by the following method: performing alignment treatment on the surface of a specific substrate, coating the surface with a coating liquid containing a liquid crystal compound, and aligning the liquid crystal compound in a direction corresponding to the above alignment treatment , The alignment state is fixed. By using this alignment treatment, the liquid crystal compound can be aligned in a specific direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the elongated substrate, and as a result, the retardation axis can appear in the specific direction of the formed retardation layer. For example, a retardation layer having a slow axis in a direction at 15° with respect to the longitudinal direction can be formed on a long substrate. Even when such a retardation layer needs to have a slow axis in an oblique direction, it can be laminated using a roll-to-roller, so the productivity of the optical laminate can be remarkably improved. In one embodiment, the substrate is any suitable resin film, and the alignment cured layer formed on the substrate can be transferred to the surface of the polarizing plate 10. In another embodiment, the substrate may be the second protective layer 13. In this case, the transfer step can be omitted, and after the alignment cured layer (first retardation layer) is formed, the roll-to-roll lamination is continuously performed, so that the productivity is further improved. As the above-mentioned alignment treatment, any appropriate alignment treatment can be adopted. Specifically, mechanical alignment processing, physical alignment processing, and chemical alignment processing can be cited. Specific examples of mechanical alignment treatment include rubbing treatment and stretching treatment. As specific examples of physical alignment processing, magnetic field alignment processing and electric field alignment processing can be cited. Specific examples of chemical alignment treatment include oblique vapor deposition and photo-alignment treatment. Regarding the processing conditions for various alignment processing, any appropriate conditions can be adopted according to the purpose. The alignment of the liquid crystal compound is performed by processing the liquid crystal compound at a temperature at which the liquid crystal phase is displayed according to the type of the liquid crystal compound. By performing such a temperature treatment, the liquid crystal compound becomes a liquid crystal state, and the liquid crystal compound is aligned corresponding to the direction of the alignment treatment on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the fixation of the alignment state is performed by cooling the aligned liquid crystal compound as described above. When the liquid crystal compound is a polymerizable monomer or a crosslinkable monomer, the alignment state is fixed by subjecting the liquid crystal compound aligned as described above to polymerization treatment or crosslinking treatment. Specific examples of the liquid crystal compound and the details of the method for forming the alignment cured layer are described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-163343. The record in the bulletin is cited in this specification by reference. D. Second retardation layer D-1. Characteristics of second retardation layer The second retardation layer 30 can have any appropriate optical properties and/or mechanical properties according to the purpose. The second retardation layer 30 typically has a slow axis. In one embodiment, the angle formed by the slow axis of the second retardation layer 30 and the absorption axis of the polarizing element 11 is preferably 65°~85°, more preferably 72°~78°, and more preferably about 75°. The angle formed by the late axis of the second retardation layer 30 and the late axis of the first retardation layer 20 is preferably 52°~68°, more preferably 57°~63°, and more preferably about 60° . If the angle formed by the slow axis of the second retardation layer 30 and the absorption axis of the polarizing element 11 is in this range, the in-plane retardation of the first retardation layer is set to a specific range as described above , And arrange the slow axis of the first retardation layer at a specific angle with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing element, and set the in-plane retardation of the second retardation layer to a specific range as described below, which can be used for broadband An optical laminate with very excellent circular polarization characteristics (and as a result, very good anti-reflection characteristics) in the tape. The second retardation layer preferably exhibits a relationship of nx>ny≧nz in refractive index characteristics. The in-plane retardation Re(550) of the second retardation layer is preferably 80 nm to 200 nm, more preferably 100 nm to 180 nm, and still more preferably 110 nm to 170 nm. The other characteristics of the second retardation layer are as described in the above section C-1 regarding the first retardation layer. D-2. When the second retardation layer contains a resin film, the thickness of the second retardation layer containing a resin film is preferably 40 μm or less, preferably 25 μm to 35 μm. If the thickness of the second retardation layer is in this range, the desired in-plane retardation can be obtained. When the second retardation layer includes a resin film, its material, characteristics, manufacturing method, etc. are as described in the above section C-2 regarding the first retardation layer. D-3. The second retardation layer of the alignment cured layer containing the liquid crystal compound The second retardation layer 30 may also be the alignment cured layer of the liquid crystal compound like the first retardation layer. When the second retardation layer 30 includes an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound, the thickness thereof is preferably 0.5 μm to 2 μm, more preferably 1 μm to 1.5 μm. When the second retardation layer includes an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound, its materials, characteristics, and manufacturing methods are as described in the above item C-3 for the first retardation layer. D-4. Combination of the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer The first retardation layer and the second retardation layer can be used in any appropriate combination. Specifically, the first retardation layer may include a resin film, and the second retardation layer may include an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound; or the first retardation layer may include an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound, and the second retardation layer may include Resin film; it may be that both the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include a resin film; it may also be an alignment cured layer in which both the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include a liquid crystal compound. Preferably, when the first retardation layer includes a resin film, the second retardation layer also includes a resin film; when the first retardation layer includes an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound, the second retardation layer also includes Alignment curing layer of liquid crystal compound. Furthermore, when both the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include a resin film, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer may be the same, or the detailed structure may be different. The same applies to the case where both the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound. When both the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include a resin film, the dimensional change rate of the second retardation layer is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.95% or less. The smaller the dimensional change rate of the second retardation layer, the better. The lower limit of the dimensional change rate of the second retardation layer is, for example, 0.01%. If the dimensional change rate of the second retardation layer is in this range, it is possible to significantly suppress the occurrence of cracks in the conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity. When both the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer contain an aligned cured layer of a liquid crystal compound, the dimensional change rate of the laminate of the polarizing plate, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer is preferably 1% Below, it is more preferably 0.95% or less. The smaller the dimensional change rate of the laminate, the better. The lower limit of the dimensional change rate of the laminate is, for example, 0.01%. If the dimensional change rate of the laminate is in this range, it is possible to significantly suppress the occurrence of cracks in the conductive layer under high temperature and high humidity. E. Conductive layer The conductive layer can be formed by any appropriate film forming method (such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), ion plating, spraying, etc.) It is formed by forming a metal oxide film on any suitable substrate. Heat treatment (for example, 100°C to 200°C) may be performed as needed after film formation. By performing heat treatment, the amorphous film can be crystallized. Examples of metal oxides include indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin composite oxide, tin-antimony composite oxide, zinc-aluminum composite oxide, and indium-zinc composite oxide. Indium oxide can also be doped with divalent metal ions or tetravalent metal ions. It is preferably an indium-based composite oxide, and more preferably an indium-tin composite oxide (ITO). Indium-based composite oxides have the characteristics of high transmittance (for example, above 80%) in the visible light region (380 nm to 780 nm) and low surface resistance per unit area. When the conductive layer contains a metal oxide, the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 35 nm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 10 nm. The surface resistance of the conductive layer is preferably 300 Ω/□ or less, more preferably 150 Ω/□ or less, and still more preferably 100 Ω/□ or less. The conductive layer can be patterned as needed. By patterning, the conductive portion and the insulating portion can be formed. As the patterning method, any appropriate method can be adopted. Specific examples of the patterning method include wet etching and screen printing. F. Substrate As the substrate, any appropriate resin film can be used as long as the required moisture permeability, dimensional change rate, and linear expansion coefficient described in item A above can be obtained. It is preferably a resin film having excellent transparency in addition to the above-mentioned required characteristics. Specific examples of the constituent materials include cyclic olefin resins, polycarbonate resins, cellulose resins, polyester resins, and acrylic resins. It is preferable that the aforementioned substrate is optically isotropic. As a material constituting an optically isotropic substrate (isotropic substrate), for example, a material with a resin that does not have a conjugated system such as a norene-based resin or an olefin-based resin as the main skeleton, and an acrylic resin The main chain of the material has a cyclic structure such as a lactone ring or a glutarimide ring. If such a material is used, when an isotropic substrate is formed, the phase difference accompanying the alignment of the molecular chain can be suppressed to be small. The thickness of the substrate is preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, more preferably 20 μm to 60 μm. If necessary, a hard coat layer (not shown) may be provided between the conductive layer 41 and the substrate 42. As the hard coat layer, any hard coat layer having an appropriate structure can be used. The thickness of the hard coat layer is, for example, 0.5 μm to 2 μm. As long as the haze is within the allowable range, fine particles for reducing Newton's rings can also be added to the hard coat layer. Furthermore, if necessary, an adhesion-promoting coating to improve the adhesion of the conductive layer and/or to adjust the reflectivity can be provided between the conductive layer 41 and the substrate 42 (hard coating when it exists) The refractive index adjustment layer. As the adhesion-promoting coating and the refractive index adjustment layer, any appropriate structure can be adopted. The adhesion-promoting coating and refractive index adjustment layer can be a thin layer of several nanometers to tens of nanometers. If necessary, another hard coat layer may be provided on the side of the substrate 42 opposite to the conductive layer (the outermost side of the optical laminate). Typically, the hard coat layer includes a binder resin layer and spherical particles, and the spherical particles protrude from the binder resin layer to form convex portions. The details of such a hard coat layer are described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-145547, and the description of the publication is incorporated into this specification by reference. G. The optical laminate of other embodiments of the present invention may further include other retardation layers. The optical properties of the other retardation layer (for example, refractive index characteristics, in-plane retardation, Nz coefficient amount, photoelastic coefficient), thickness, arrangement position, etc. can be appropriately set according to the purpose. In practical terms, an adhesive layer (not shown) for bonding to the display unit is provided on the surface of the substrate 42. Preferably, a release film is attached to the surface of the adhesive layer until the optical laminate is used. H. Image display device The optical laminates described in items A to G above can be applied to image display devices. Therefore, the present invention includes an image display device using such an optical laminate. Representative examples of image display devices include liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices. The image display device of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with the optical laminate described in the above A to G on the viewing side. The optical laminated system is laminated so that the conductive layer becomes the display unit (for example, liquid crystal cell, organic EL unit) side (the polarizing element becomes the visible side). That is, the image display device of the embodiment of the present invention may be a so-called internal touch panel type input display device in which a touch sensor is integrated between the display unit (for example, a liquid crystal unit, an organic EL unit) and a polarizing plate. In this case, the touch sensor can be disposed between the conductive layer (or the conductive layer with the substrate) and the display unit. Regarding the structure of the touch sensor, a structure well-known in the industry can be adopted, so detailed description is omitted. [Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples. In addition, the measuring method of each characteristic is as follows. (1) Thickness The retardation layer (alignment cured layer of liquid crystal compound) formed by coating was measured by the interference film thickness measurement method using MCPD2000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics. For other films, a digital micrometer (KC-351C manufactured by Anritsu) was used for measurement. (2) The retardation value of the retardation layer was measured using an automatic birefringence measuring device (manufactured by Oji Measuring Instruments Co., Ltd., automatic birefringence meter KOBRA-WPR) to measure the refractive index nx of the retardation layer used in the examples and comparative examples , Ny and nz. The measurement wavelength of the in-plane retardation Re is 450 nm and 550 nm, the measurement wavelength of the thickness direction retardation Rth is 550 nm, and the measurement temperature is 23°C. (3) The water vapor transmission rate is measured in accordance with JIS K 7129B (Mocon method). Measure the amount of water vapor (mg) ^{passing through a sample with an area of 1 m 2} in 24 hours in an atmosphere with a temperature of 40°C and a humidity of 92%RH. (4) Dimensional change rate The substrate or retardation layer used in the Examples and Comparative Examples, or the optical laminate obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was cut out to a measurement sample of 100 mm×100 mm. The size of the measurement sample after being stored in an oven at a temperature of 85°C and a relative humidity of 85% for 240 hours was measured, and the rate of change compared to the size before being put into the oven was taken as the rate of dimensional change. (5) The coefficient of linear expansion is TMA (SS7100) manufactured by SII NanoTechnology. The base material used in the examples and comparative examples is cut in about 6 mm square and set on the sample table. TMA (compression expansion) is performed in accordance with JIS K 7197. Method) determination. The measuring load is 19.6 mN, the probe diameter is 3.5 mmf, the heating rate is 5°C/min, and the measurement is carried out in the range of -150°C to 20°C, and the average linear expansion coefficient of the range is calculated based on the obtained dimensional change data. . (6) Durability of optical laminates The optical laminates obtained in the examples and comparative examples were cut out with a size of 100 mm×50 mm and bonded to alkali-free glass as measurement samples. The measurement sample was stored in an oven at a temperature of 85°C and a relative humidity of 85% for 120 hours. After that, the measurement sample was taken out of the oven, and the state of the conductive layer was observed with a laser microscope, and evaluated based on the following criteria. Good: No cracks confirmed. Bad: Cracks clearly confirmed. [Reference example 1: Production of polarizing plate] For long strips of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin film (manufactured by Kuraray, product name "PE3000") with a thickness of 30 μm The roll is stretched uniaxially in the longitudinal direction by using a roll stretcher to 5.9 times in the longitudinal direction, and is simultaneously subjected to swelling, dyeing, cross-linking, and washing treatments, and finally dried to produce Polarizing element 1 with a thickness of 12 μm. Specifically, the swelling treatment is extended to 2.2 times while being treated in pure water at 20°C. Then, the dyeing treatment was carried out in an aqueous solution at 30°C with a weight ratio of iodine and potassium iodide of 1:7 so that the monomer transmittance of the obtained polarizing element became 45.0%. Times. Furthermore, the cross-linking treatment adopts a two-stage cross-linking treatment. The first-stage cross-linking treatment is extended to 1.2 times while being treated in an aqueous solution of boric acid and potassium iodide at 40°C. The content of boric acid in the aqueous solution of the crosslinking treatment in the first stage is 5.0% by weight, and the content of potassium iodide is set to 3.0% by weight. The cross-linking treatment in the second stage was extended to 1.6 times while being treated in an aqueous solution of boric acid and potassium iodide at 65°C. The content of boric acid in the aqueous solution of the crosslinking treatment in the second stage was 4.3% by weight, and the content of potassium iodide was set to 5.0% by weight. In addition, the washing treatment is performed in a potassium iodide aqueous solution at 20°C. The potassium iodide content of the aqueous solution of the washing treatment was set to 2.6% by weight. Finally, the drying process was dried at 70° C. for 5 minutes to obtain the polarizing element 1. On both sides of the obtained polarizing element 1, a TAC film made by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. (product name: KC2UA, thickness: 25 μm, corresponding to the second protective layer) and the The HC-TAC film (thickness: 32 μm, corresponding to the first protective layer) with a hard coating (HC) layer formed by a hard coating process on one side of the TAC film, to obtain a first protective layer/polarizing element 1/ Polarizing plate 1 composed of the second protective layer. [Reference example 2: Production of liquid crystal alignment cured layer constituting the first retardation layer] A polymerizable liquid crystal showing a nematic liquid crystal phase (manufactured by BASF Corporation: trade name "Paliocolor LC242", represented by the following formula) 10 g and 3 g of a photopolymerization initiator (manufactured by BASF Corporation: trade name "Irgacure907") for this polymerizable liquid crystal compound was dissolved in 40 g of toluene to prepare a liquid crystal composition (coating liquid). [化1]

The surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (thickness 38 μm) was rubbed with a rubbing cloth to perform an alignment treatment. Regarding the conditions of the alignment treatment, the number of rubbing (the number of rubbing rollers) is 1, the rubbing roller radius r is 76.89 mm, the rubbing roller rotation number nr is 1500 rpm, and the film conveying speed v is 83 mm/sec. Regarding the friction strength RS and pressure The input amount M is carried out under the 5 conditions (a) ~ (e) shown in Table 1. [Table 1]

The direction of the alignment treatment is the -75° direction relative to the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizing element when viewed from the viewing side when it is attached to the polarizing plate. The liquid crystal coating solution was applied to the alignment treatment surface by a bar coater, and heated and dried at 90° C. for 2 minutes, thereby aligning the liquid crystal compound. Under conditions (a) to (c), the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound is very good. Under the conditions (d) and (e), the alignment of the liquid crystal compound causes some confusion, but it is at a level that is practically no problem. The liquid crystal layer thus formed was irradiated with light of 1 mJ/cm ² using a metal halide lamp to harden the liquid crystal layer, thereby forming a phase difference layer (liquid crystal alignment cured layer) 1 on the PET film. The thickness of the retardation layer 1 is 2 μm, and the in-plane retardation Re (550) is 236 nm. Furthermore, the retardation layer 1 has a refractive index distribution of nx>ny=nz. [Reference Example 3: Production of Liquid Crystal Alignment Cured Layer Forming Second Retardation Layer] The surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (thickness 38 μm) was rubbed with a rubbing cloth to perform alignment treatment. The direction of the alignment treatment is -15° with respect to the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizing element when viewed from the viewing side when it is attached to the polarizing plate. The same liquid crystal coating solution as in Reference Example 2 was applied to the alignment treatment surface, and the liquid crystal compound was aligned and hardened in the same manner as in Reference Example 2 to form a retardation layer 2 on the PET film. The thickness of the retardation layer 2 is 1.2 μm, and the in-plane retardation Re (550) is 115 nm. Furthermore, the retardation layer 2 has a refractive index distribution of nx>ny=nz. [Reference Example 4: Production of laminated retardation film constituting the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer] Cycloolefin-based retardation film A manufactured by Kaneka Co., Ltd. (product name: KUZ-Film#270, Thickness: 33 μm, Re(550)=270 nm) and the cycloolefin-based retardation film B manufactured by Kaneka Co., Ltd. (product name: KUZ-Film#140, thickness: 28 μm, Re(550)=140 nm ) Laminated through an acrylic adhesive layer with a thickness of 5 μm so that the angle formed by the respective slow axis becomes 60° to obtain a laminated retardation film. This laminated retardation film is referred to as the retardation layer 3. [Reference Example 5: Production of retardation film constituting retardation layer] 7-1. Production of polycarbonate resin film 26.2 parts by mass of isosorbide (ISB), 9,9-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl) (Oxy) phenyl) 茀 (BHEPF) 100.5 parts by mass, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-CHDM) 10.7 parts by mass, diphenyl carbonate (DPC) 105.1 parts by mass, and as a catalyst 0.591 parts by mass of cesium carbonate (0.2% by mass aqueous solution) were put into the reaction vessel, and under a nitrogen atmosphere, as the first step of the reaction, the temperature of the heat medium in the reaction vessel was set to 150°C, and stirring was carried out if necessary. The ingredients dissolve (approximately 15 minutes). Then, the pressure in the reaction vessel was adjusted from normal pressure to 13.3 kPa, while the heat medium temperature of the reaction vessel was raised to 190° C. in 1 hour, the generated phenol was drawn out of the reaction vessel. After keeping the temperature in the reaction vessel at 190°C for 15 minutes, as the second step, the pressure in the reaction vessel was set to 6.67k Pa, and the temperature of the heat medium in the reaction vessel was raised to 230°C in 15 minutes, and the generated The phenol is pumped out of the reaction vessel. As the stirring torque of the stirrer increased, the temperature was increased to 250°C in 8 minutes. In order to further remove the phenol produced, the pressure in the reaction vessel was reduced to 0.200k Pa or less. After reaching the specific stirring torque, the reaction is ended, the reactant produced is extruded into water, and then pelletized to obtain BHEPF/ISB/1,4-CHDM=47.4mol%/37.1mol%/15.5mol Ear% polycarbonate resin. The glass transition temperature of the obtained polycarbonate resin was 136.6°C, and the reduced viscosity was 0.395 dL/g. After drying the obtained polycarbonate resin in vacuum at 80°C for 5 hours, a T-die head ( Width 200 mm, set temperature: 220°C), cooling roll (set temperature: 120~130°C), and film-making device of the coiler produce a polycarbonate resin film with a thickness of 120 μm. 7-2. Production of retardation film The obtained polycarbonate resin film was stretched laterally using a tenter stretcher to obtain a retardation film with a thickness of 50 μm. At this time, the stretching ratio was 250%, and the stretching temperature was set to 137 to 139°C. The Re(550) of the obtained retardation film is 137~147 nm, the Re(450)/Re(550) is 0.89, the Nz coefficient is 1.21, and the alignment angle (the direction of the slow axis) relative to the longitudinal direction is 90 °. This retardation film is used as the retardation layer 4. [Reference Example 6: Production of Conductive Film (Conductive Layer with Substrate)] As the substrate, a polycycloolefin film with a thickness of 50 μm (produced by ZEON, Japan, trade name "ZEONOR (registered trademark)") was used. Apply an ultraviolet curable resin composition (trade name "UNIDIC (registered trademark) RS29-120" manufactured by DIC Corporation) on one surface of the substrate, dry at 80°C for 1 minute, and cure by ultraviolet light to form a thickness of 1.0 μm The hard coating. Then, on the other side of the substrate, 100 parts by weight of the same ultraviolet curable resin composition as above and acrylic spherical particles with a mode diameter of 1.9 μm (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "MX- 180TA") 0.002 parts by weight of a curable resin composition containing spherical particles, followed by ultraviolet curing to form a hard coat layer with a thickness of 1.0 μm. The polycycloolefin film obtained above was put into a sputtering device, and an amorphous layer of indium tin oxide with a thickness of 27 nm was formed on the surface of the hard coat layer without particles. Then, the polyolefin film formed with the amorphous layer of indium tin oxide was heated in a heating oven at 130° C. for 90 minutes to produce a transparent conductive film with a surface resistance of 100 Ω/□. This transparent conductive film was used as a conductive layer with a base material. The moisture permeability of the substrate according to the above (3) is 7 mg/m ² · 24 h, the dimensional change rate according to the above (4) is 0.03%, and the linear expansion coefficient according to the above (5) is 7.3 (×10 ^-6 /℃). [Reference Example 7: Production of conductive film (conductive layer with substrate)] As the substrate, a PET film with a thickness of 50 μm (manufactured by Toray, trade name "Lumirror#50") was used. In the same manner as in Reference Example 6, a transparent conductive film with a surface resistance value of 100 Ω/□ was produced. This transparent conductive film was used as a conductive layer with a base material. The moisture permeability of the substrate according to the above (3) is 700 mg/m ² · 24 h, the dimensional change rate according to the above (4) is 0.50%, and the coefficient of linear expansion according to the above (5) is 13.0 (×10 ^-6 /℃). [Reference Example 8: Production of Adhesive Layer] 99 parts of butyl acrylate, 1.0 part of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, and 0.3 part of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and ethyl acetate were added together until it was condensed Tube, nitrogen introduction tube, thermometer and reaction vessel of stirring device. After reacting the mixture in the reaction vessel at 60°C for 4 hours under a nitrogen stream, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction solution to obtain a solution containing an acrylic polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 1.65 million (solid content concentration 30% ). For every 100 parts of the solid content of the acrylic polymer solution, 0.15 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide (Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.: Nyper BO-Y) and 0.1 parts of trimethylolpropane xylene diisocyanate are prepared (Mitsui Takeda Chemical Co., Ltd.: Takenate D110N), and 0.2 parts of a silane coupling agent (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.: A-100, a silane coupling agent containing an acetonitrile group) to obtain a solution for forming an adhesive layer . The above-mentioned adhesive layer forming solution was applied to a separator containing a polyester film surface-treated with a silicone-based release agent, and heat-treated at 155°C for 3 minutes to obtain an adhesive layer A with a thickness of 15 μm . [Reference Example 9: Preparation of Adhesive Layer] 94.9 parts of butyl acrylate, 5 parts of acrylic acid, 0.1 part of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and 0.3 parts relative to 100 parts of these monomers (solid content) The benzoyl peroxide and ethyl acetate are added together in a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, a nitrogen introduction pipe, a thermometer, and a stirring device. After reacting the mixture in the reaction vessel at 60°C for 7 hours under a nitrogen stream, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction solution to obtain a solution containing an acrylic polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 2.2 million (solid content concentration 30 wt. %). For every 100 parts of the solid content of the acrylic polymer solution, 0.6 parts of trimethylolpropane toluene diisocyanate (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane (Stock): Coronate L) and 0.075 parts of γ-glycidyloxy are formulated Propyl methoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: KBM-403) to obtain a solution for forming an adhesive layer. The solution for forming the adhesive layer was coated on a separator film containing a polyester film surface-treated with a silicone-based release agent, and heat-treated at 155° C. for 3 minutes to obtain an adhesive layer B with a thickness of 15 μm. [Example 1] The second protective layer of the polarizing plate 1 and the retardation layer 1 were passed through an acrylic with a thickness of 5 μm so that the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing element and the retardation axis of the retardation layer 1 became 15° Adhesive bonding. Then, the PET film on which the retardation layer 1 was formed was peeled off, and the peeling surface was adhered through an acrylic with a thickness of 5 μm so that the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizing element and the retardation axis of the retardation layer 2 became 75° The agent is bonded to the retardation layer 2. Then, the PET film on which the retardation layer 2 was formed was peeled off, and a circular polarizing plate 1 having a configuration of polarizing plate/first retardation layer/second retardation layer was obtained. The second retardation layer of the circular polarizing plate 1 and the conductive layer of the conductive layer with the base material obtained in Reference Example 6 were bonded via the adhesive layer A to obtain an optical laminate 1. The obtained optical laminate 1 was used for the evaluation of (6) above. The results are shown in Table 2. [Example 2] The retardation layer 3 (laminated retardation film) was used instead of the retardation layers 1 and 2, and the second protective layer of the polarizing plate 1 and the surface of the retardation layer film A were aligned with the absorption axis and retardation of the polarizing element The angle formed by the late axis of the film A becomes 15° and the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing element and the late axis of the retardation film B becomes 75° through an acrylic adhesive with a thickness of 12 μm. Circular polarizing plate 2 having a configuration of polarizing plate/first retardation layer/second retardation layer. The second retardation layer of the circular polarizing plate 2 and the conductive layer of the conductive layer with the base material obtained in Reference Example 6 were bonded via the adhesive layer A to obtain an optical laminate 2. The obtained optical laminate 2 was used for the evaluation of (6) above. The results are shown in Table 2. [Comparative Example 1] An optical laminate 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive layer with a substrate obtained in Reference Example 7 was used. The obtained optical laminate 3 was used for the evaluation in (6) above. The results are shown in Table 2. [Comparative Example 2] An optical laminate 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the conductive layer with a substrate obtained in Reference Example 7 was used. The obtained optical layered body 4 was used for the evaluation of (6) above. The results are shown in Table 2. [Table 2]

[Industrial Applicability] The optical laminate of the present invention can be preferably used in image display devices such as liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices, and can be particularly preferably used as an anti-reflection film for organic EL display devices. . Furthermore, the optical laminate of the present invention can be preferably used in an internal touch panel type input display device.

10‧‧‧ Polarizing plate 11‧‧‧ Polarizing element 12‧‧‧First protective layer 13‧‧‧Second protective layer 20‧‧‧First retardation layer 30‧‧‧Second retardation layer 41‧‧‧ Conductive layer 42‧‧‧Base material 100‧‧‧Optical laminate

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

10‧‧‧Polarizer

11‧‧‧Polarizing element

12‧‧‧The first protective layer

13‧‧‧Second protection layer

20‧‧‧The first retardation layer

30‧‧‧Second retardation layer

41‧‧‧Conductive layer

42‧‧‧Substrate

100‧‧‧Optical laminate

Claims (4)

An optical laminated body, which in turn has: a polarizing plate including a polarizing element and a protective layer located on at least one side of the polarizing element, a first retardation layer, a second retardation layer, a conductive layer, and a laminated layer in close contact with the conductive The base material of the layer, the moisture permeability of the base material is 5mg/m ² ‧24h~9mg/m ² ‧24h, and the dimensional change rate is 0.3% when placed in an environment with a temperature of 85℃ and a relative humidity of 85% for 240 hours Below, and the coefficient of linear expansion is 5 (×10 ^-6 /°C) to 10 (×10 ^-6 /°C), the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer include a cyclic olefin resin film, and the The second retardation layer has a dimensional change rate of 1% or less when left for 240 hours in an environment with a temperature of 85°C and a relative humidity of 85%. An optical laminated body, which in turn has: a polarizing plate including a polarizing element and a protective layer located on at least one side of the polarizing element, a first retardation layer, a second retardation layer, a conductive layer, and a laminated layer in close contact with the conductive The base material of the layer, the moisture permeability of the base material is 5mg/m ² ‧24h~9mg/m ² ‧24h, and the dimensional change rate is 0.3% when placed in an environment with a temperature of 85℃ and a relative humidity of 85% for 240 hours Below, and the coefficient of linear expansion is 5 (×10 ^-6 /°C)~10 (×10 ^-6 /°C), the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer are alignment cured layers of liquid crystal compounds, and The laminated body of the polarizing plate, the first retardation layer, and the second retardation layer has a dimensional change rate of 1% or less when placed in an environment with a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of 85% for 240 hours. The optical laminate of claim 1 or 2, wherein the absorption axis of the above-mentioned polarizing element is the same as that of the above-mentioned first The angle formed by the late axis of the retardation layer is 10°~20°, and the angle formed by the absorption axis and the late axis of the second retardation layer is 65°~85°. An image display device provided with the optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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