TWI736373B - Dynamic battery health detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dynamic battery health detection method, which is used on a vehicle. The vehicle includes a controller, a battery electrically connected to the controller, and a motor electrically connected to the controller. Through voltage measurement of the controller in the method, the continuously measured voltage data can be temporarily saved and calculated to detect voltage changes in a specific state, and to infer battery health through subsequent calculations. As such, even if the vehicle is not equipped with a battery management system, the dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention can be used to easily calculate the current health status of the battery and achieve the function of warning.

Description

Dynamic battery health detection method

The present invention relates to a dynamic battery health detection method, in particular to a dynamic battery health detection method suitable for detecting the aging degree of a vehicle battery.

At present, most of the battery capacity judgment methods for electric vehicles on the market are to charge the battery to the voltage measured when it is fully charged, and then start to integrate the cumulative discharge to the discharged power to define the battery's health. (State of Health, SOH).

However, this test method requires empirical rules to make clear specifications for the charge and discharge capacity of the battery, such as how much capacity is charged (State of Charge SOC) and how much capacity is discharged to determine the accurate battery health. If the method just does not pass the capacity that meets the correct battery health level, it may not be able to correct the accurate battery health level for a long time, which will cause errors in the calculation of the current battery capacity.

In addition, the lead-acid batteries on the traditional fuel locomotives on the market are not equipped with the same Battery Management System (BMS) as the electric locomotives due to cost considerations. It is impossible to calculate the battery capacity and the battery health. Therefore, the driving of a fuel vehicle usually rides the vehicle until it can no longer be started, until the dealer checks whether the battery health is bad.

The batteries of the above-mentioned electric or fuel vehicles currently on the market do not have the function of calculating the health of the battery and notifying the driving through a specific interface. That is, the owner cannot be warned before the end of the battery life and the battery is replaced early to avoid Possibility of breaking down on the side of the road.

This is the reason for the inventor. Based on the spirit of active invention, he is eager to think of a dynamic battery health detection method that can solve the above-mentioned problems. After several researches and experiments, the present invention is finally completed.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dynamic battery health detection method. With the voltage measurement of the controller, the continuously measured voltage data can be temporarily saved and calculated to detect voltage changes under specific conditions. , And infer the battery health (State of Health, SOH) through subsequent calculations.

To achieve the above objective, the present invention constructs a dynamic battery health detection method for use in a vehicle. The vehicle includes a controller, a battery electrically connected to the controller, and a motor electrically connected to the controller. The battery health detection method includes the following steps: (A) The vehicle has been powered on and is in a first state of stationary, and it is judged whether the first state is maintained for a first time, if it is, then step (B) is executed, if not, it is repeated Perform step (A); (B) the controller measures the battery to obtain a first voltage, and performs step (C); (C) the motor is heavily driven, enters a second state, and determines whether the second state is maintained A second time, if yes, execute step (D), if otherwise, return to execute step (A); (D) the controller measures the battery to obtain a second voltage, and execute step (E); (E) the motor stops reloading Drive or transform to a power generation state, determine whether a third voltage measured by the controller is greater than a return voltage, if yes, execute step (F), if not, return to execute step (D); (F) Entering a third state, the controller calculates a voltage difference value of the first voltage minus the second voltage, compares the voltage difference value with a preset voltage threshold, and executes step (G); and (G) Determine whether the voltage difference is greater than the voltage threshold. If it is, the battery's health is low and the battery needs to be replaced. If the battery's health is high, the battery does not need to be replaced.

Alternatively, the present invention constructs another dynamic battery health detection method for use in a vehicle, the vehicle includes a controller, a battery electrically connected to the controller, and a motor electrically connected to the controller, wherein the dynamic battery health The degree detection method includes the following steps: (A) The vehicle is powered on, and is in a first state of stationary, and it is judged whether the first state is maintained for a first time, if it is, then step (B) is executed, if otherwise, the step is repeated (A); (B) The controller measures the battery to obtain a first voltage, and executes step (C); (C) The motor is heavily driven, enters a second state, and determines whether the second state is maintained for a second time , If yes, execute step (D), if otherwise, return to execute step (A); (D) the controller measures the battery to obtain a second voltage, and execute step (E); (E) the motor stops heavy-duty driving or changes to Power generation state, determine whether a third voltage measured by the controller is greater than a return voltage, if yes, execute step (F), if otherwise, return to execute step (D); (F) enter a third state, the controller calculates the first Subtract a voltage difference of a second voltage from a voltage, compare the voltage difference with a preset voltage threshold, and execute step (G'); and (G') compare the voltage difference with the voltage threshold The result of the comparison is converted into a weight value, and the weight value is included in a cumulative weight to determine whether the cumulative weight is greater than a specific weight. If it is, the battery health is low and the battery needs to be replaced. If not, return to step (A), and again Calculate the weight value of another cycle and accumulate it into the accumulated weight.

With the above design, the dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention allows the vehicle to calculate the current health of the battery by calculating the voltage difference before and after driving without a battery management system. The main reason is that when the battery ages, the internal resistance becomes larger, and the voltage difference between before and after the drive will increase accordingly. Therefore, the relevant information about the battery health can be obtained through the above method process.

The above-mentioned vehicle may further include a display device, and after step (G) or step (G'), it may further include a step (H1) that the controller transmits the battery health information communication to the display device, and the display device gives a warning. In this way, the user can understand the current battery health through the display device, and can warn that the battery needs to be replaced when the battery health is low.

The above-mentioned display device can be communicatively connected to a handheld device, and after step (H1), a step (H2) may be further included after the step (H1). In this way, the user can understand the current battery health through the handheld device, and can warn that the battery needs to be replaced when the battery health is low.

The above-mentioned handheld device can be connected to a cloud device via the network, and after step (H2), it can further include a step (H3) the handheld device transmits battery health information to the cloud device through the network for long-term record and analysis of battery health . In this way, the user can upload relevant information about the battery health to the cloud device, understand and integrate the battery status of each car owner through the analysis of big data, and then perform many subsequent applications.

The above-mentioned motor may be an electric motor, an integrated starter generator or a brushed motor. As a result, the present invention can be applied not only to electric vehicles with electric motors, but also to gasoline vehicles with integrated starter generators, and also to fuel vehicles with traditional brush motors, so as to provide a high degree of adaptability. It meets the requirements of simple detection of battery health of various types of vehicles.

The battery types mentioned above can be lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, energy capacitors, super capacitors and other electrical energy storage devices. The method and process of this patent can be used to obtain information about the health of the battery, and it is not limited to a specific battery type.

The above summary and the following detailed description are exemplary in nature to further illustrate the scope of patent application of the present invention. The other objectives and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description and drawings.

1a, 1b, 1c: vehicles

2: Controller

3: battery

4a: Electric motor

4b: Integrated starter generator

4c: Brushed motor

5: Display device

6: Handheld device

7: Cloud device

S1: First state

S2: second state

V1: first voltage

V2: second voltage

V3: third voltage

Vr: Recovery voltage

A-H3: Step

FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system architecture diagram of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a system architecture diagram of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a voltage-time relationship diagram of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is the first flowchart of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a second flowchart of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3, which are the system architecture diagrams of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment of the present invention, respectively. As shown in FIG. 1, the dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention is used on a vehicle 1a. In this embodiment, the vehicle 1a is an electric vehicle, and the vehicle 1a includes a controller 2 and a battery 3. , An electric motor 4a and a display device 5, The battery 3 and the electric motor 4a are electrically connected to the controller 2 respectively, and the display device 5 is connected to the controller 2 in communication. Among them, the display device 5 is a meter or a display equipped with the vehicle 1a, which provides a display function of the battery health level, so that the driver can understand the current health level of the battery 3, and the communication link is a controller area network using wired communication ( Controller Area Network, CAN bus), K-Line (K-Line), analog or digital signals, etc., or use wireless transmission of wireless network (Wifi), Bluetooth, ANT+ communication protocol and other communication methods for data transmission. Furthermore, the vehicle 1a of the present invention has the function of the Internet of Vehicles. After the display device 5 obtains the battery health information, it can be connected to the application program of the handheld device 6 through wireless communication (Wifi or Bluetooth), and further the battery The health level information is uploaded to the cloud device 7 via the Internet, so the battery status of each car owner can be understood and integrated through the analysis of big data, and then many subsequent applications can be carried out. The type of the battery 3 mentioned above can be lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, energy capacitors, super capacitors and other electric energy storage devices. The method and process of this patent can be used to obtain relevant information about the health of the battery, and it is not limited to a specific battery type.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 2, the dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention can also be used on a vehicle 1b. In this embodiment, the vehicle 1b is an integrated starter generator 4b (Integrated Starter Generator). , ISG) gasoline vehicle, its difference from the first embodiment is only in the driving mode, and the rest of the system architecture is the same as the first embodiment. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention can also be applied to a vehicle 1c. In this embodiment, the vehicle 1c is a fuel-fueled vehicle with a brush motor 4c. The difference of the first embodiment is only in the driving method and some circuit configurations, and the rest of the system architecture is the same as the first embodiment.

Next, please refer to FIGS. 4 and 5, which are the voltage-time relationship diagram and the first flowchart of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively. As shown in the figure, the first dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step (A) The vehicle 1a has been powered on and is in a stationary first state S1, and it is judged whether the first state S1 is maintained for a first time T1, if yes, perform step (B), if otherwise repeat step (A) Wherein, the first state S1 refers to the state when the vehicle 1a is powered on but not yet started. The first time T1 in this embodiment is set to 2 seconds, but it is not limited to this, and may be other values.

Step (B) The controller 2 measures the battery 3 to obtain a first voltage V1, and executes step (C), wherein the first voltage V1 of this embodiment is set in the first state S1 for the first time T1. The detection voltage, as shown in Fig. 4, the first voltage V1 is 52V, but it is not limited to this, and the first voltage can be calculated by averaging every 0.05 seconds during the first time T1 of the first state S1 V1.

Step (C) The electric motor 4a is heavily driven to enter a second state S2, and it is judged whether the second state S2 is maintained for a second time T2, if yes, perform step (D), if otherwise, return to step (A), where The second state S2 means that the electric motor 4a is in a driving state. The second time T2 in this embodiment is set to 2 seconds, but it is not limited to this, and may be other values.

Step (D) The controller 2 measures the battery 3 to obtain a second voltage V2, and executes step (E), wherein the second voltage V2 of this embodiment is set in the second state S2 for a second time T2. The detection voltage, as shown in Figure 4, the second voltage V2 is 48.2V, but it is not limited to this. It can also be averaged every 0.05 seconds during the second time T2 of the second state S2 to calculate the second Voltage V2.

Step (E) The electric motor 4a stops the heavy-duty driving or changes to the power generation state, and judges whether a third voltage V3 measured by the controller 2 is greater than a return voltage Vr, if yes, execute step (F), if not, return to execute step ( D), wherein, the return voltage Vr of this embodiment is 52.8V, but it is not limited to this, and may be other values.

Step (F) enters a third state S3, the controller 2 calculates a voltage difference Vd of the first voltage V1 minus the second voltage V2, and compares the voltage difference Vd with a preset voltage threshold Vt, Hold concurrently Go to step (G), where the voltage threshold Vt of a specific battery can be obtained through a preset experiment. In this embodiment, the first voltage V1 minus the second voltage V2 is equal to the voltage difference Vd, that is, the voltage difference The value Vd=52V-48.2V=3.8V, and the preset voltage threshold Vt=3.0V.

Step (G) Determine whether the voltage difference Vd is greater than the voltage threshold Vt. If it is, the battery 3 is relatively healthy and needs to be replaced. If the battery 3 is otherwise healthy, the battery 3 does not need to be replaced. Among them, because the voltage difference Vd=3.8V is greater than the preset voltage threshold Vt=3.0V, it means that the battery 3 has aged and the internal resistance has become larger, and the voltage difference between before and after the drive has also become larger.

Step (H1) The controller 2 transmits the battery health information communication to the display device 5, and the display device 5 gives a warning reminder. In this way, the user can understand the current health of the battery 3 through the display device 5, and can warn that the battery 3 needs to be replaced when the battery health is low.

Step (H2) The display device 5 transmits the battery health information communication to the handheld device 6, and the handheld device 6 gives a warning. In this way, the user can understand the current health of the battery 3 through the handheld device 6 and can warn that the battery 3 needs to be replaced when the battery health is low.

Step (H3) The handheld device 6 sends the battery health information network to the cloud device 7 for long-term record analysis of the battery 3 health. In this way, the user can upload the relevant information of the battery health to the cloud device 7, and understand and integrate the battery status of each car owner through the analysis of big data, and can perform many subsequent applications.

Please refer to FIG. 6, which is a second flowchart of the dynamic battery health detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the second dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step (A) The vehicle 1a has been powered on and is in a stationary first state S1, and it is judged whether the first state S1 is maintained for a first time T1, if yes, perform step (B), if otherwise repeat step (A) , Among them, the first state S1 refers to the state when the vehicle 1a is powered on but not yet started. The first time T1 in this embodiment is set to 2 seconds, but it is not limited to this, and may be other values.

Step (B) The controller 2 measures the battery 3 to obtain a first voltage V1, and executes step (C), wherein the first voltage V1 of this embodiment is set in the first state S1 for the first time T1. The detection voltage, as shown in Fig. 4, the first voltage V1 is 52V, but it is not limited to this, and the first voltage can be calculated by averaging every 0.05 seconds during the first time T1 of the first state S1 V1.

Step (C) The electric motor 4a is heavily driven to enter a second state S2, and it is judged whether the second state S2 is maintained for a second time T2, if yes, perform step (D), if otherwise, return to step (A), where The second state S2 means that the electric motor 4a is in a driving state. The second time T2 in this embodiment is set to 2 seconds, but it is not limited to this, and may be other values.

Step (D) The controller 2 measures the battery 3 to obtain a second voltage V2, and executes step (E), wherein the second voltage V2 of this embodiment is set in the second state S2 for a second time T2. The detection voltage, as shown in Figure 4, the second voltage V2 is 48.2V, but it is not limited to this. It can also be averaged every 0.05 seconds during the second time T2 of the second state S2 to calculate the second Voltage V2.

Step (E) The electric motor 4a stops the heavy-duty driving or changes to the power generation state, and judges whether a third voltage V3 measured by the controller 2 is greater than a return voltage Vr, if yes, execute step (F), if not, return to execute step ( D), wherein, the return voltage Vr of this embodiment is 52.8V, but it is not limited to this, and may be other values.

Step (F) enters a third state S3, the controller 2 calculates a voltage difference Vd of the first voltage V1 minus the second voltage V2, and compares the voltage difference Vd with a preset voltage threshold Vt, And perform step (G), where the voltage threshold Vt of a specific battery can be obtained through a preset experiment. In this embodiment, the first voltage V1 minus the second voltage V2 is equal to the voltage difference Vd, that is, the voltage difference Vd=52V-48.2V=3.8V, and the preset voltage threshold Vt=3.0V.

Step (G') Convert the comparison result of the voltage difference value Vd and the voltage threshold value Vt into a weight value Wi, calculate the weight value Wi into a cumulative weight W, and determine whether the cumulative weight W is greater than a specific weight Ws, and if so, the battery 3 If the health level is low, the battery 3 needs to be replaced. If otherwise, return to step (A), and perform another cycle of weight value calculation and accumulate it into the accumulated weight W. Wherein, in this embodiment, the weight value is +1 for every 0.1V where the voltage difference Vd is greater than the voltage threshold Vt, and the weight value is -1 for every 0.1V where the voltage difference Vd is less than the voltage threshold Vt (deduction to 0), That is, the weight value Wi=+8 this time is included in a cumulative weight W=8, and the specific weight Ws=1000 is set in this embodiment, and it can be other values, and is not limited thereto. However, because the cumulative weight W=8 is less than the specific weight Ws=1000, it is necessary to return to step (A), and perform another cycle of weight value calculation and accumulate it into the cumulative weight W and then perform again with the specific weight Ws Compare.

Step (H1) The controller 2 transmits the battery health information communication to the display device 5, and the display device 5 gives a warning reminder. In this way, the user can understand the current health of the battery 3 through the display device 5, and can warn that the battery 3 needs to be replaced when the battery health is low.

Step (H2) The display device 5 transmits the battery health information communication to the handheld device 6, and the handheld device 6 gives a warning. In this way, the user can understand the current health of the battery 3 through the handheld device 6 and can warn that the battery 3 needs to be replaced when the battery health is low.

Step (H3) The handheld device 6 sends the battery health information network to the cloud device 7 for long-term record analysis of the battery 3 health. In this way, the user can upload the relevant information of the battery health to the cloud device 7, and understand and integrate the battery status of each car owner through the analysis of big data, and can perform many subsequent applications.

With the above design, the dynamic battery health detection method of the present invention allows the vehicle to calculate the current health of the battery by calculating the voltage difference before and after driving without a battery management system. Effectively save costs and maintain product competitiveness.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for the convenience of description, and the scope of rights claimed in the present invention should be subject to the scope of the patent application, rather than being limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.

A-H3: Step

Claims (7)

A dynamic battery health level detection method used in a vehicle, the vehicle including a controller, a battery electrically connected to the controller, and a motor electrically connected to the controller, wherein the dynamic battery health level detection method It includes the following steps: (A) The vehicle has been powered on, and is in a first state of static, and it is determined whether the first state is maintained for a first time, if yes, perform step (B), if otherwise repeat step (A) ); (B) The controller measures the battery to obtain a first voltage, and executes step (C); (C) The motor is heavily driven, enters a second state, and determines whether the second state maintains a first state Second time, if yes, execute step (D), if otherwise, return to execute step (A); (D) the controller measures the battery to obtain a second voltage, and executes step (E); (E) the motor stops restarting When the load is driven or transformed into a power generation state, it is judged whether a third voltage measured by the controller is greater than a return voltage, if yes, execute step (F), if otherwise, return to execute step (D); (F) enter a third state , The controller calculates a voltage difference value of the first voltage minus the second voltage, compares the voltage difference value with a preset voltage threshold, and executes step (G); and (G) judgment Whether the voltage difference is greater than the voltage threshold, if it is, the battery's health is low and the battery needs to be replaced; if otherwise, the battery's health is high, and the battery does not need to be replaced. A dynamic battery health level detection method used in a vehicle, the vehicle including a controller, a battery electrically connected to the controller, and a motor electrically connected to the controller, wherein the dynamic battery health level detection method It includes the following steps: (A) The vehicle has been powered on, and is in a first state of static, and it is determined whether the first state is maintained for a first time, if yes, perform step (B), if otherwise repeat step (A) ); (B) The controller measures the battery to obtain a first voltage, and executes step (C); (C) The motor is heavily driven and enters a second state, and it is judged whether the second state is maintained for a second time, if yes, then execute step (D), if otherwise, return to execute step (A); (D) the control The device measures the battery to obtain a second voltage, and executes step (E); (E) the motor stops heavy-duty driving or changes to a power generation state, and determines whether a third voltage measured by the controller is greater than a return voltage, If yes, execute step (F), if otherwise, return to execute step (D); (F) enter a third state, the controller calculates the first voltage minus the second voltage a voltage difference, and the voltage The difference is compared with a preset voltage threshold, and step (G') is performed; and (G') the comparison result of the voltage difference and the voltage threshold is converted into a weight value, and the weight value is included A cumulative weight, judge whether the cumulative weight is greater than a specific weight, if it is, the health of the battery is low, the battery needs to be replaced, if otherwise, return to step (A), and perform another cycle of weight value calculation and cumulative calculation Enter the cumulative weight. The dynamic battery health detection method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the vehicle further includes a display device, and after step (G) or step (G'), it further includes a step (H1) The controller transmits the battery health information communication to the display device, and the display device gives a warning reminder. The dynamic battery health detection method according to claim 3, wherein the display device is communicatively connected to a handheld device, and the step (H1) further includes a step (H2) the display device communicates the battery health information Send to the handheld device, and the handheld device will give a warning. The dynamic battery health level detection method according to claim 4, wherein the handheld device is connected to a cloud device via a network, and the step (H2) further includes a step (H3) that the handheld device determines the battery health level The information network is sent to the cloud device for long-term recording and analysis of the battery's health. The dynamic battery health detection method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the motor is an electric motor, an integrated starter generator, or a brushed motor. The dynamic battery health detection method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the battery is a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, an energy capacitor, or a super capacitor.

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