TWI715278B - Medical aids for steel nail positioning - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to provide a medical aid for steel nail positioning that can facilitate parallel fixation of steel nails during surgery. The technical means is that the medical aid for steel nail positioning can assist in positioning steel nails when performing operations on the femur. It is characterized in that it is a columnar body with first and second surfaces; the first surface is provided at one end of the columnar body, which can be used to correspond to and receive the femur, and is in a non-planar state, and is connected to the column An included angle is formed between the axes of the cylindrical body; the second surface is provided at the other end of the cylindrical body, and is the bottom surface opposite to the first surface, which can be used as a steel nail implant; The first and second parallel hole grooves on the first and second surfaces, the first parallel hole groove has a central hole groove and a wing-shaped hole groove, and the wing-shaped hole groove divides the columnar body into several blocks. The two parallel holes and slots are distributed corresponding to the respective blocks and are parallel to the first parallel hole and slots.

Description

Medical aids for steel nail positioning

The invention relates to a medical aid structure for positioning parallel steel nails used in fracture surgery, in particular to a medical aid for steel nail positioning.

The number of hip fractures has increased, and it has become an important orthopedic surgery topic that orthopedic surgeons often deal with and must face up to; although most hip fractures occur in the elderly, with the current increase in motor vehicle accidents , There are more and more young patients.

In addition, femoral neck fractures are intracapsular fractures, which account for a large part of hip fractures and are quite common, accounting for about 3% of total fractures. Femoral neck fractures mainly occur in the elderly and may be related to osteoporosis. Femoral neck fractures in young people are a very different injury, and treatments are also very different. Femoral neck fractures in young patients are usually the result of high-energy mechanisms, while joint injuries are common; most femoral neck fractures It is in the joint cavity, which may impair the fragile blood supply to the femoral head.

With the prolongation of life expectancy, its incidence is increasing day by day, especially the aging of the population has become a serious social problem. The research on femoral neck fractures has attracted more and more attention, and there have been many changes in its treatment methods. There are many problems to be solved.

Generally, for patients over 60 years old, when the fracture type is a displacement fracture (Garden Type III or IV), it is recommended to replace the bipolar hemiarthroplasty, if it is a non-displacement fracture, it is recommended to receive cannulated screws. Internal fixation surgery.

For patients under 60 years old, regardless of displacement or non-displacement femoral neck fractures, internal fixation with steel nails is recommended. As long as there is satisfactory reduction, a healing rate of 80% to 90% can be obtained. The surgical treatment is only 5%~10%.

The suspicion of femoral neck fractures must be very high, because the consequences of missing the diagnosis of femoral neck fractures may be catastrophic. Most femoral neck fractures require surgical treatment. Even if there are only minor fractures, the whole body must be borne by the femoral neck. Body weight, after a little movement of the joints to stand up, will immediately cause more serious bone displacement.

In the steel nail internal fixation operation, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is the most commonly used method in the operation, that is, in the triangular configuration, three sizes of 6.5mm or 7.0mm are used, hollow and the front part is provided with The threaded steel nails (A) and steel nails (A) are used by first puncturing with the guide needle, then use three steel nails (A) to lock in along the guide needle to fix the fracture. The steel nail (A) has a thinner needle diameter and a total volume smaller than a single nail, so the damage to the bone is small; multi-nail fixation can bear different stresses and prevent rotation through a reasonable layout.

At the same time, extra care must be taken when placing the guide pin, because the inaccurate puncture of the guide pin (multiple attempts or attempts below the lesser trochanter) is related to a subtrochanteric fracture.

In the biomechanical model, the screw structure has a very high consistency in the occurrence of subtrochanteric fractures.

The position of the steel nails (A) must be in an inverted triangle configuration, which is the most stable mechanically. At present, when the three steel nails (A) are driven in, they must be parallel to have the best effect, but in X-ray Below the machine, it is necessary to drive the three guide needles in the inverted triangles in parallel. It is completely dependent on the operator's own experience and the stability of the hands. Therefore, it often takes a lot of time to hit the steel nail (A) to the best. position.

In this way, when the guide needle is advanced and punctured, it often takes many attempts. As a result, the quality of the bones in the bone marrow is damaged due to repeated attempts. Sometimes the X-ray film looks good, but it is buried The bones cannot heal after surgery, which may cause avascular necrosis.

The aforementioned key point is a great test of the ability of the surgeon, that is, the doctor. Once there is a problem, the quality of the operation may decrease, and the patient's risk will also increase. The fracture gap (C) at the femoral neck (B) may have a chance to occur. Non-healing conditions are more likely to cause other complications.

In view of this, how to provide a medical aid for steel nail positioning that can solve the aforementioned problems and minimize the risk of patients undergoing surgery has become the subject of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a medical aid for positioning of steel nails which can facilitate parallel fixing of steel nails during operation.

In order to solve the above problems and achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical means of the present invention is achieved in this way. It is a medical aid for steel nail positioning, which can be used as an auxiliary positioning steel nail during surgery on the femur. It is characterized by A cylindrical body, which has a first surface and a second surface; the first surface, which is set at one end of the cylindrical body, can receive the corresponding position of the femur, is in a non-planar state, and is connected to the The axis of the columnar body forms an included angle; the second surface is arranged at the other end of the columnar body, and the bottom surface opposite to the first surface can be used for implanting the steel nail; the columnar body The main body is provided with a first parallel hole groove portion penetrating the first surface and the second surface, a first parallel hole groove portion capable of guiding the steel nail, and a plurality of second parallel hole groove portions, the first parallel hole groove portion having An axis perforation provided at the axis of the cylindrical body, and several rows of wing-shaped slots extending outwardly at equal angular intervals from the periphery of the axis perforation. The wing-shaped slots extend the cylindrical Number of divisions in the body There are two blocks, and the second parallel hole groove portion is distributed corresponding to each block and is parallel to the first parallel hole groove portion.

Furthermore, the second parallel hole slot portion includes a partition slot-shaped hole provided in the center of the corresponding block, at least one left perforation provided on the left side of the separation hole slot, and at least one The right perforation on the right side of the slot.

Furthermore, the wing-shaped slot hole and the separating slot-shaped hole are both formed by a plurality of circular perforations connected in series along one direction with edge intersections.

Furthermore, the best non-planar state of the first surface is a concave arc-shaped surface; the optimal number of wing-shaped slots is three rows, which are radially outward from the center of the cylindrical body Arranged so that the columnar body is divided into three blocks; the distance between the circular perforations is 2mm; the optimal angle value of the angle is 135 degrees.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can have the following benefits:

The first point: The medical aid for steel nail positioning of the present invention utilizes the cooperation of the cylindrical body, the first surface and the second surface, and the surgeon can use the first parallel hole groove portion and the second parallel hole groove portion to guide the steel Nails can be performed very easily and stably during internal fixation of steel nails, ensuring the parallel and reasonable layout of the steel nails, ensuring the quality of the operation, reducing the risk of patients, and allowing the fracture to heal smoothly.

The second point: the first surface of the medical aid for steel nail positioning of the present invention, through its non-planar state, can be connected to the corresponding surface of the femur, allowing the surgeon to quickly adjust the angle and position and position the device Invented the medical aid for steel nail positioning, which enables the operator to place the steel nails smoothly and stably through the second surface, ensuring the parallelism of the steel nails.

1‧‧‧Cylinder body

11‧‧‧The first parallel hole slot

111‧‧‧Axis perforation

112‧‧‧Wing slot

12‧‧‧Second parallel hole groove

121‧‧‧Separating slotted hole

122‧‧‧Left Piercing

123‧‧‧right punch

2‧‧‧The first side

21‧‧‧Included angle

3‧‧‧Second side

10‧‧‧block

100‧‧‧Medical aids

200‧‧‧Femur

A‧‧‧Steel Nail

B‧‧‧Femoral Neck

C‧‧‧Fracture gap

a‧‧‧Circular perforation

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the results of the forward view of the internal fixation with steel nails.

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the results of the side view of the internal fixation with steel nails.

Figure 3: Three-dimensional schematic view of the present invention.

Figure 4: A schematic side view of the present invention.

Figure 5: A schematic side view of the present invention from another angle.

Figure 6: Schematic bottom view of the present invention.

Figure 7: A schematic diagram of the implementation of the present invention when applied to a steel nail internal fixation operation during positioning.

Figure 8: A schematic diagram of the implementation of the present invention when the steel nail is placed in the operation of internal fixation of steel nails.

The detailed description is given below based on the embodiment shown in the figure.

First, referring to Figures 3 to 8, the figure discloses a medical aid for steel nail positioning. The medical aid 100 is used to assist the positioning of the steel nail A when an operation is performed on the femur 200. Its structure is a columnar body 1 with a first surface 2 and a second surface 3; the first surface 2 is arranged at one end of the columnar body 1 and can receive the corresponding position of the femur 200, It is in a non-planar state and forms an included angle 21 with the axis of the columnar body 1; the second surface 3 is arranged at the other end of the columnar body 1 on the bottom surface opposite to the first surface 2, It can be used for the steel nail A to be put into; the columnar body 1 is provided with a first parallel hole and groove part penetrating through the first surface 2 and the second surface 3 and capable of guiding the steel nail A 11. And several second parallel hole and groove portions 12, the first parallel hole and groove portion 11 has a shaft hole 111 provided at the axis of the cylindrical body 1, and several rows formed around the shaft hole 111 Radiating wing-shaped slots 112 extending outwardly at equal angular intervals. The wing-shaped slots 112 equally divide the cylindrical body 1 into several blocks 10. The second parallel hole slots 12 correspond to each The block 10 are distributed and arranged parallel to the first parallel hole portion 11.

The medical aid 100 of the present invention allows the surgeon to perform the operation very easily and stably during the nail A internal fixation operation, and the use of the first parallel hole groove portion 11 and the second parallel hole groove portion 12 can reduce the operation The operator rationally lays out the burden of steel nail A, and provides stable support when steel nail A is inserted, ensures the parallelism of steel nail A, guarantees the quality of the operation, reduces the risk of patients, and allows the fracture to heal smoothly.

Secondly, the non-planar first surface 2 forms an angle 21 with the axis of the cylindrical body 1, and after it is stably connected to the corresponding surface of the femur 200, the surgeon can facilitate the operation, as shown in Figures 7 and 8 As shown, when the operator inserts the steel nail A from the second side 3 of the cylindrical body 1, the steel nails A can be ensured to be parallel to each other, and there is no need to worry about the deflection of the steel nail A. Let the steel nail A It can be arranged reasonably and play its role.

Furthermore, the use of the axial hole 111 can quickly preset the center point, and pass through the wing-shaped slot 112 and the second parallel hole groove 12 located in each block 10, so that the surgeon can make the layout according to medical judgment Set steel nail A and position it quickly and correctly to reduce the possibility of unreasonable layout.

Please refer to Figures 3, 6 to 8, the second parallel hole groove portion 12 also includes a partition groove-shaped hole 121 provided in the center of the corresponding block 10, at least one provided on the left side of the partition hole groove 121 The left through hole 122 and at least one right through hole 123 on the right side of the partition hole 121.

The above-mentioned second parallel hole groove portion 12 utilizes the partition groove-shaped hole 121 to provide a basic and moderate number of nail A positioning point layout selection, but when the partition groove-shaped hole 121 provides the positioning point layout selection, it is still unable to achieve When perfecting the layout, you can expand the choice of the positioning point layout of the steel nail A through the left perforation 122 or the right perforation 123, so that the operator can facilitate the operation, focus on the operation, improve the quality of the operation, and increase the chance of recovery for the patient .

Please refer to Figs. 3, 6 to 8, the wing-shaped slot 112 and the partition slot-shaped hole 121 are both composed of a plurality of circular perforations a along the same direction with edges intersecting each other in series. Through the above arrangement of circular perforations a, and by the intersection of the edges and series connection with each other, the distance between circular perforations a is reduced, in other words, the number of circular perforations a is increased within the same distance. As a result, when inserting steel nail A, there are more position options to achieve a certain degree of fine-tuning, and the operator can arrange steel nail A in a more reasonable way.

In the specific embodiment of this case, the distance between the circular perforations a is 2 mm; and the optimal angle value of the angle 21 is 135 degrees. It is said that there is a parallel circular perforation a every 2mm, which is to reduce the error in the operation, reduce the operation time, and minimize the damage to the texture and quality of the bone.

Please refer to Figures 4 to 8, the best non-planar state of the first surface 2 of the cylindrical body 1 is a concave arc surface. Refer to Figure 4, when the first surface 2 is a concave arc surface, it can smoothly fit the corresponding part of the femur 200 to obtain a stable positioning; refer to Figure 7, because the stable positioning is obtained, the surgeon does not have to I am worried that there will be shaking and instability during the operation; refer to Figure 8, through the above, the operator can stably place the nail A.

Referring to Figure 6, the optimal number of wing-shaped slots 112 is three rows, and they are arranged radially from the center of the cylindrical body 1 toward the outside, like an English letter "Y"; according to this, The columnar body 1 is divided into three blocks 10. Through the application of the wing-shaped slot 112, it can be divided into three blocks 10 so that the operator does not need to consider too much when performing the nail A layout, which can provide a stable selection environment to avoid layout errors. To ensure that the probability of successful surgery is maximized.

The above is a detailed description of the structure and features of the present invention based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. Signs, functions and effects; however, the above are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, all modifications or changes consistent with the intent of the present invention are provided as long as they are within the scope of equal effects , Should be included in the scope of the invention patent.

1‧‧‧Cylinder body

11‧‧‧The first parallel hole slot

111‧‧‧Axis perforation

112‧‧‧Wing slot

12‧‧‧Second parallel hole groove

121‧‧‧Separating slotted hole

122‧‧‧Left Piercing

123‧‧‧right punch

2‧‧‧The first side

3‧‧‧Second side

10‧‧‧block

100‧‧‧Medical aids

Claims (3)

A medical aid for positioning steel nails, said medical aid (100) can be used to assist positioning of steel nails (A) during surgery on the femur (200), and is characterized by a columnar body (1) with a The first surface (2), and a second surface (3); the first surface (2), which is set at one end of the cylindrical body (1), can bear the corresponding position of the femur (200), present It is in a non-planar state and forms an included angle (21) with the axis of the cylindrical body (1); the second surface (3), which is arranged at the other end of the cylindrical body (1), is connected to the One side (2) is an opposite bottom surface, which can be used for the implantation of the steel nail (A); the columnar body (1) is provided with the first surface (2) and the second Surface (3), a first parallel hole and groove portion (11) that can guide the steel nail (A), and several second parallel hole and groove portions (12), the first parallel hole and groove portion (11) has a A shaft hole (111) provided at the axis of the cylindrical body (1), and several rows of wing-shaped slots (112) extending outwardly in a radial shape at equal angular intervals from the periphery of the shaft hole (111) ), the wing-shaped slot (112) equally divides the columnar body (1) into several blocks (10), and the second parallel hole slot (12) corresponds to each block (10). Distributedly arranged and parallel to the first parallel hole and groove portion (11). The medical aid for steel nail positioning according to claim 1, wherein the second parallel hole groove portion (12) includes a partition groove-shaped hole (121) provided in the center of the corresponding block (10) ), at least one left perforation (122) provided on the left side of the partition hole (121), and at least one right perforation (123) provided on the right side of the partition hole (121). The medical aid for steel nail positioning according to claim 2, wherein the wing-shaped slot hole (112) and the separating slot-shaped hole (121) are both formed by a plurality of circular perforations (a) Along the same direction, the edges are intersected to form a series composition.

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