TWI714427B - 直流—直流轉換器 - Google Patents
直流—直流轉換器 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
公開了一種直流-直流轉換器,本發明實施例的技術方案通過將開關電容變換器和至少一個開關變換器串列,利用開關電容變換器包括多個開關組的特點,配置每個開關變換器多工開關電容變換器的至少一個開關組,可以有效減小電路裝置數量,提高裝置利用率。同時,對開關組的多工並不會對開關電容變換器的工作構成負面影響,基於本發明實施例的直流-直流轉換器仍然可以具有可調的平滑輸出,並具有可調的增益。
Description
本發明涉及電力電子技術,具體涉及一種直流-直流轉換器。
開關電容變換器通過開關控制電容的充電和放電,實現電壓或電流變換。但是,開關電容變換器只能實現輸入輸出電壓固定變比的變換,同時由於輸入電源等裝置上不期望的電流脈動較大,得到的輸出電壓也存在脈動。現有技術中,為了改變輸入輸出電壓的比值變換,同時為了平滑輸出電壓,在開關電容變換器的前級或者後級串聯傳統的開關變換器,如圖1所示,輸入級為開關電容變換器1,輸出級則為採用降壓型拓撲的開關變換器2。但是這樣會導致電路規模較大。
有鑑於此,本發明實施例提供一種直流-直流轉換器,以減小電路規模提高裝置利用率。
本發明實施例提供了一種直流-直流轉換器,包括:
開關電容變換器,包括至少一個開關組和至少一個電
容,每個所述開關組包括兩個串聯連接的開關;以及
至少一個開關變換器,每個所述開關變換器包括至少一個主側磁性電路並多工至少一個所述開關組,所述主側磁性電路耦接至被多工的所述開關組的中間節點,所述中間節點為開關組的兩個開關的公共連接點。
其中,所述開關變換器為單向功率轉換器。
較佳地,所述直流-直流轉換器還包括:
控制電路,被配置為以PWM方式、PFM方式或PWM/PFM混合方式控制被多工的至少一個所述開關組以調節輸出電壓。
較佳地,所述開關電容變換器為隔離型開關電容變換器或非隔離型開關電容變換器。
較佳地,所述開關變換器多工一個所述開關組。
較佳地,所述開關電容變換器的至少一個電容包括與被多工的開關組並聯的第一電容;
所述主側磁性電路一端耦接到被多工的開關組的中間節點,另一端耦接到所述被多工的開關組的一端。
較佳地,所述開關電容變換器的至少一個電容包括第一串聯電容和第二串聯電容,所述第一串聯電容和所述第二串聯電容串聯連接在被多工的開關組的兩端之間;
所述主側磁性電路一端耦接到被多工的開關組的中間節點,另一端耦接到所述第一串聯電容和第二串聯電容的公共連接點。
較佳地,所述開關變換器還包括主側開關組,所述主
側開關組與被多工的開關組以全橋方式與所述主側磁性電路連接。
較佳地,至少一個開關變換器的數量為N,並對應地多工N個開關組,N大於等於2。
較佳地,所述開關電容變換器的至少一個電容包括N個與被多工的開關組並聯的第一電容;
每個所述主側磁性電路一端耦接到對應的被多工的開關組的中間節點,另一端耦接到所述被多工的開關組的一端。
較佳地,所述開關電容變換器的至少一個電容包括N個第三電容和N個第四電容,第i個第三電容和第i個第四電容串聯連接在第i個被多工的開關組的兩端之間,i=1,....,N;
第i個主側磁性電路一端耦接到第i個被多工的開關組的中間節點,另一端耦接到第i個第三電容和第i個第四電容的公共連接點。
較佳地,第i個所述開關變換器還包括主側開關組,所述主側開關組與第i個被多工的開關組以全橋方式與第i個所述主側磁性電路連接,i=1,....,N。
較佳地,所述開關變換器多工兩個所述開關組,被多工的兩個開關組以全橋方式與所述主側磁性電路連接。
較佳地,所述主側磁性電路包括主側線圈和諧振電路;或者
所述主側磁性電路包括諧振電路;或者
所述主側磁性電路包括主側線圈。
較佳地,所述至少一個開關組包括N個開關組;所述至少一個電容包括N-1個第一電容和N-1個第二電容,N大於等於2;
其中,所述N個開關組順序串聯在第一埠的兩端之間,所述N-1個第一電容分別與第2至第N個開關組並聯,第i個第二電容連接在第i個開關組的中間節點和第i+1個開關組的中間節點之間,i=1,....,N。
較佳地,所述至少一個開關組包括N個第一開關組和一個第二開關組;所述至少一個電容包括N個第一電容、一個第二電容和N個第三電容,N大於等於2;
其中,所述N個第一開關組順序串聯在第一埠的兩端之間,所述N個第一電容分別與對應的第一開關組並聯,第i個第三電容一端與所述第二開關組的中間節點連接,另一端連接到第i個第一開關組的中間節點,所述第二電容與所述第二開關組並聯。
較佳地,所述至少一個電容還包括至少一個隔離電容,連接在第二埠的任一端與所述N個第一電容連接的任意一端之間。
較佳地,所述至少一個開關組包括N個第一開關組、一個第二開關組以及一個第三開關組;所述至少一個電容包括N個第一電容、一個第二電容和N個第三電容,N大於等於2;
其中,所述N個第一開關組順序串聯在第一埠的兩端
之間,第i個第一電容分別與對應的第i個第一開關組並聯,第i個第三電容一端與所述第三開關組的中間節點連接,另一端連接到對應的第i個第一開關組的中間節點,i=1,....,N;所述第二開關組與所述第三開關組並聯,所述第二電容與所述第二開關組並聯。
較佳地,所述至少一個電容還包括至少一個隔離電容,連接在第二開關組的中間節點和第i個第一電容的一端之間。
本發明實施例的技術方案通過將開關電容變換器和至少一個開關變換器串列,利用開關電容變換器包括多個開關組的特點,配置每個開關變換器多工開關電容變換器的至少一個開關組,可以有效減小電路裝置數量,提高裝置利用率。同時,對開關組裝置的多工並不會對開關電容變換器的工作構成負面影響,基於本發明實施例的直流-直流轉換器仍然可以具有可調的平滑輸出,並具有可調的增益。
1、1’、3、5、7、9、12、14‧‧‧開關電容變換器
2、2’、4、6、8、10、11、13、15‧‧‧開關變換器
Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8、Q9、Q10、Q11、Q12、Q13、Q14‧‧‧開關
C、C1、C2、C3、C4、C1,1-C1,N-1、C2,1-C2,N-1、C3,1-C3,N‧‧‧電容
m1、m2、m3、mN、m、m’‧‧‧中間節點
21、61、81、131、151‧‧‧主側磁性電路
22‧‧‧整流電路
Lp‧‧‧主側線圈
Ls‧‧‧副邊線圈
GH、GL‧‧‧開關控制信號
Vout‧‧‧輸出電壓
Ts‧‧‧開關週期
Ton‧‧‧導通時間
Toff‧‧‧關斷時間
62‧‧‧副邊電路
Cg‧‧‧隔離電容
L‧‧‧電感
通過以下參照附圖對本發明實施例的描述,本發明的上述以及其它目的、特徵和優點將更為清楚,在附圖中:
圖1是一個現有技術的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖;
圖2是本發明第一實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖;
圖3是本發明第一實施例進行PWM控制的開關控制信
號的波形圖;
圖4是本發明第一實施例另一種進行PWM控制的開關控制信號的波形圖;
圖5是本發明第一實施例進行PFM控制的開關控制信號的波形圖;
圖6是本發明第一實施例的變形的電路圖;
圖7是本發明第二實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖;
圖8是本發明第三實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖;
圖9是本發明第四實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖;
圖10是本發明第五實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖;
圖11是本發明第六實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。
以下基於實施例對本發明進行描述,但是本發明並不僅僅限於這些實施例。在下文對本發明的細節描述中,詳盡描述了一些特定的細節部分。對本領域技術人員來說沒有這些細節部分的描述也可以完全理解本發明。為了避免混淆本發明的實質,公知的方法、過程、流程、元件和電路並沒有詳細敘述。
此外,本領域普通技術人員應當理解,在此提供的附圖都是為了說明的目的,並且附圖不一定是按比例繪製的。
同時,應當理解,在以下的描述中,「電路」是指由至少一個元件或子電路通過電氣連接或電磁連接構成的導電回路。當稱元件或電路「連接到」另一元件或稱元件/電路「連接在」兩個節點之間時,它可以是直接耦接或連接到另一元件或者可以存在中間元件,元件之間的連接可以是物理上的、邏輯上的、或者其結合。相反,當稱元件「直接耦接到」或「直接連接到」另一元件時,意味著兩者不存在中間元件。
除非上下文明確要求,否則整個說明書和申請專利範圍中的「包括」、「包含」等類似詞語應當解釋為包含的含義而不是排他或窮舉的含義;也就是說,是「包括但不限於」的含義。
在本發明的描述中,需要理解的是,術語「第一」、「第二」等僅用於描述目的,而不能理解為指示或暗示相對重要性。此外,在本發明的描述中,除非另有說明,「多個」的含義是兩個或兩個以上。
圖2是本發明第一實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。如圖2所示,本實施例的直流-直流轉換器包括非隔離型的開關電容變換器1’和開關變換器2’。其中,開關變換器2’多工開關電容變換器1’中的開關組。開關電容變換器1’包括兩個開關組,分別為相互串聯的開關Q1和Q2組成
的開關組以及相互串聯的開關Q3和Q4組成的開關組。兩個開關組依次串聯連接在輸入電壓Vin的兩端之間。每個開關組中的兩個開關的公共連接點定義為開關組的中間節點mi,i=1,2。
在本實施例中,開關Q1-Q4採用金屬氧化物半導體電晶體(MOSFET)。但是,其它類型的電控開關裝置,例如,雙極性電晶體(BJT)以及絕緣柵型電晶體(IGBT)也均可以作為本實施例的開關。
開關電容變換器1’還包括電容C1和C2。電容C1與開關Q1和Q2組成的開關組並聯。電容C2則一端與中間節點m1連接,一端與中間節點m2連接。
在本實施例中,所述開關變換器為單向功率轉換器。開關變換器2’包括主側磁性電路21。所述主側磁性電路21一端連接到開關Q1和Q2構成的開關組的中間節點m2,另一端連接到開關Q1和Q2構成的開關組的一端(即,輸入埠的接地端)。主側磁性電路21在被多工的開關組的控制下切換狀態,產生一個變化的電流,從而將功率傳遞到副邊側。開關變換器2’還包括與主側線圈Lp耦合的副邊線圈Ls以及整流電路22。副邊線圈Ls耦合到主側磁性電路21產生一個變化的電流。整流電路22對變化的電流進行整流輸出一個直流電壓。
在本實施例中,主側磁性電路包括串聯連接的諧振電感L、主側線圈Lp和諧振電容C。也即,包括主側線圈和LC串聯諧振電路。這使得開關Q1、Q2與主側磁性電路一
同形成一個LLC諧振半橋變換器的主側側電路。開關變換器2’與開關電容變換器1’共用開關組Q1和Q2。主側磁性電路也可以形成為LCC諧振電路等其它的形式。
對於開關電容變換器1’,開關Q1和Q4通過開關控制信號GH控制,開關Q2和Q3通過開關控制信號GL控制。在本實施例中,以開關控制信號GH和開關控制信號GL為互補信號為例進行說明,也即,在信號GH為高電平時,信號GL為低電平,反之亦然。並且,開關Q1-Q4採用N型MOSFET,因此,當開關控制信號GH為高電平,開關控制信號GL為低電平時,開關Q1和Q4導通,開關Q2和Q3關斷。這形成了從輸入埠開始經由開關Q4、電容C2、開關Q1和電容C1的回路。輸入電壓對電容C1以及C2充電。在信號GL為高電平,信號GH為低電平時,開關Q1和Q4關斷,開關Q2和Q3導通。這會形成一個包括開關Q2、電容C2、開關Q3、電容C1的回路。在此期間,通過電容C1和C2自身的儲能來供電輸出。每個電容上的電壓是輸入埠電壓Vin的1/2。由此,通過控制開關組的狀態不斷切換,可以使得電容被反復充放電,從而維持一個基本恆定的輸出。
根據上面的分析可知,開關電容變換器1’的輸出電壓和輸入電壓的比值是一個固定值,和開關控制信號GH或GL的工作週期沒有關係。同時,開關變換器2’的輸出電壓Vout則由輸入埠的電壓Vin/2以及兩個開關Q1和Q2的開關控制信號的工作週期決定。因此,控制電路(圖中未示
出)可被配置為根據期望的輸出電壓調節開關控制信號GH和GL的工作週期,同時保持開關控制信號GH和GL互補。只要開關控制信號GH和GL互補,就可以保證開關電容變換器1’正常工作。而通過控制開關控制信號的工作週期,就可以使得開關Q1和Q2交替導通關斷,控制進行第二級的功率變換。開關變換器2’可以消除開關電容變換器1’的輸出中的電壓脈動,同時,還能夠調節輸出電壓和輸入電壓的比值,從而調節整個直流-直流轉換器的增益,使得增益更大或更小。在本實施例中,非隔離型開關電容變換器1’的電壓增益為1/2,開關變換器2’具有小於1的增益。開關變換器2’的加入,可以獲得更低的增益。
也就是說,被多工的開關組中的開關Q1和Q2一方面在開關電容變換器1’中用於切換電路狀態,使得電容C1和C2可以被充電和被放電,另一方面在開關變換器2’中分別作為主功率開關和同步整流開關,控制電流流入電感L的時間和電感進行續流的時間。如上所述,由於開關電容變換器1’的增益與開關Q1以及Q2的控制信號工作週期無關,工作週期變化時控制信號的工作週期僅對開關變換器2’構成影響。
控制電路可以基於各種方式來調節控制信號的工作週期,以調節開關變換器2’的狀態。所述控制方式可以包括脈衝寬度調製方式(PWM控制)、脈衝頻率調節方式(PFM控制)以及上述方式混合的方式。
圖3是本發明第一實施例進行PWM控制的開關控制信
號的波形圖。在圖3中,在每個開關週期Ts中,開關控制信號GH和開關控制信號GL為互補信號。在開關週期Ts不變的前提下,可以通過改變工作週期(例如,當開關管採用N型MOSFET時,通過改變每個週期內高電平的時間來改變工作週期),從而調節輸出電壓。
圖4是本發明第一實施例另一種進行PWM控制的開關控制信號的波形圖。與圖3不同,圖4中的開關控制信號GH和GL為一對對稱信號。對稱信號是指信號GH和GL波形相同,相位不同,具有相同的工作週期。例如,如圖4所示,在第一個開關週期Ts中,信號GH的高電平持續時間為T1,即自t0到t1,信號GL的高電平持續時間同樣為T1,即從Ts/2到t2。即,信號GL相對信號GH滯後Ts/2,但具有相同的工作週期。對稱信號可以在開關組的開關切換之間留出一個死區時間,在該死區時間內,開關組的兩個開關均保持關斷,以防止在切換期間兩個開關同時導通。而對於開關變換器2’,開關Q1和Q2在圖4所示的控制信號控制下交替導通和關斷仍然能夠實現功率變換。通過調節控制信號的工作週期,也可以實現對於增益的調節,並保持輸出電壓恆定。
圖5是本發明第一實施例進行PFM控制的開關控制信號的波形圖。如圖5所示,對於開關控制信號GH和GL,開關週期並不恆定,而是導通時間Ton或關斷時間Toff保持恆定,通過調節開關週期,改變開關頻率,同樣可以實現對於開關變換器2’的輸出電壓的調節。
應理解,第一實施例的開關電容變換器中的開關組並不限於2個,可以根據所需要的變比設置為更多。圖6是本發明第一實施例的直流-直流轉換器的變形的電路圖。其中,開關電容變換器3可以包括N個開關組。每個開關組包括相互串聯的兩個開關。N個開關組順序串聯在輸入埠的兩端之間。開關電容變換器3還包括電容C1,1-C1,N-1以及C2,1-C2,N-1。電容C1,1-C1,N-1分別與第2至第N個開關組並聯。電容C2,1-C2,N-1則分別跨接在相鄰的兩個開關組的中間節點上,也即,電容C2,i連接在第i個開關組的中間節點mi和第i+1個開關組的中間節點mi+1之間,i=1,2,...,N。在圖6中,開關變換器4多工第N個開關組,主側磁性電路連接在第N個開關組的中間節點mN(也即,最靠近接地端的開關組)和輸入埠的接地端之間。可選地,開關變換器4可以多工N個開關組中的任意一個來進行功率變換。
本實施例的技術方案通過將開關電容變換器和一個開關變換器串列,利用開關電容變換器包括多個開關組的特點,配置每個開關變換器多工開關電容變換器的一個開關組,可以有效減小電路裝置數量,提高裝置利用率。同時,對開關組裝置的多工並不會對開關電容變換器的工作構成負面影響,基於本實施例的直流-直流轉換器仍然可以具有可調的平滑輸出,並具有可調的增益。
進一步地,非隔離型開關電容變換器也可設置為其它的形式。圖7是本發明第二實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。如圖7所示,本實施例中,開關電容變換器5和開關
變換器6共用開關Q1和Q2構成的開關組。其中,開關電容變換器5包括第一串聯電容C3和第二串聯電容C4,串聯連接在開關組Q1和Q2構成的開關組的兩端之間,具有公共連接點m3。開關變換器6的主側磁性電路61包括主側線圈Lp,其兩端分別連接到中間節點m1和公共連接點m3。開關變換器6的副邊電路62包括副邊整流電路和濾波電路。由此,通過串聯兩個電容C3和C4並將主側磁性電路61的一端耦接至兩者的公共連接點,使得主側線圈兩端的電壓隨著開關Q1和Q2的交替導通和關斷形成一個交流電流,從而可以經由主側線圈和副邊線圈構成的變壓器傳遞。
上述實施例中,被多工的開關組以半橋方式連接到主側磁性電路,從而輸出交流電。可選地,也可以配置使得開關變換器的開關部分為全橋開關電路。
圖8是本發明第三實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。如圖8所示,本實施例中,開關電容變換器7的結構與第一實施例相同。同時,開關變換器8除了包括主側磁性電路、副邊電路外,還包括一個主側開關組。主側開關組包括開關Q5和Q6,兩者串聯連接。主側開關組與被多工的開關組(開關Q1和Q2)並聯。同時,主側磁性電路81的兩端分別連接到上述兩個開關組的中間節點m1和m4。也就是說,主側開關組和開關電容變換器7中被多工的開關組以全橋方式與主側磁性電路81連接。通過控制上述兩個開關組交替導通和關斷,可以將開關電容變換器7的輸出電壓轉換為交流電,通過變壓器向副邊傳遞。
本發明實施例中開關變換器的輸入端和輸出端實現能量單向傳輸,輸出端的變化不會導致輸入端的突變。由此,可以設置多個開關變換器,分別多工多個不同的開關組。
圖9是本發明第四實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。如圖9所示,本實施例的開關電容變換器9包括開關組Q1和Q2,開關組Q7和Q8以及電容C1、C2和C3。其中,電容C1與開關組Q1和Q2並聯。電容C3與開關組Q7和Q8並聯。電容C2連接在中間節點m1和m2之間。開關變換器10多工開關組Q1和Q2。開關變換器11多工開關組Q7和Q8。開關變換器10和11的輸出端並聯。由此,可以一定程度提高功率轉換的效率。
可選地,本實施例的開關變換器10和11也可以獨立地分別連接到兩個輸出埠。
在上述實施例中,開關電容變換器可以設置為非隔離型開關電容變換器。開關電容變換器也可以設置為隔離型開關電容變換器。
圖10是本發明第五實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。如圖10所示,本實施例的直流-直流轉換器包括隔離型的開關電容變換器12和開關變換器13。其中,開關電容變換器12包括N個第一開關組、一個第二開關組(開關Q9和Q10)和一個第三開關組(Q11和Q12)。其中N大於等於2。每個開關組包括相互串聯的兩個開關。N個第一開關組順序串聯連接在輸入埠兩端。第二開關組連接在開關電容變換器12的輸出埠的兩端之間。開關電容變換器還包括
電容C1,1-C1,N、電容C2以及電容C3,1-C3,N。電容C1,i與第i個第一開關組並聯,i=1,2,...,N。電容C2與第二開關組並聯。電容C3,i則連接在第i個第一開關組的中間節點mi和第三開關組的中間節點m’之間。由於電容C3,1-C3,N的存在,開關電容變換器5可以有效地隔離輸入埠和輸出埠,從而有效抑制輸入埠的共模雜訊。在本實施例中,開關變換器13多工第二開關組和第三開關組。第二開關組包括開關Q9和Q10。第三開關組包括開關Q11和Q12。主側磁性電路131的兩端連接到第二開關組的中間節點m和第三開關組的中間節點m’。
可選地,還可以設置一個隔離電容Cg。在圖10中,隔離電容Cg連接在輸入埠的接地端和第二開關組的中間節點m之間。
本實施例通過多工兩個開關組可以形成一個全橋LLC諧振變換器。應理解,也可以僅多工一個開關組形成半橋LLC諧振變換器。同時,也可以採用輸出側僅有一個開關組的隔離型開關電容變換器,多工該開關組形成半橋LLC諧振變換器。
圖11是本發明第六實施例的直流-直流轉換器的電路圖。如圖11所示,本實施例的直流-直流轉換器包括隔離型的開關電容變換器14和開關變換器15。其中,開關電容變換器14包括N個第一開關組和一個第二開關組(開關Q13和Q14)。其中N大於等於2。每個開關組包括相互串聯的兩個開關。N個第一開關組順序串聯連接在輸入埠兩
端。第二開關組連接在開關電容變換器14的輸出埠的兩端之間。開關電容變換器14還包括電容C1,1-C1,N、電容C2以及電容C3,1-C3,N。電容C1,i與第i個第一開關組並聯,i=1,2,...,N。電容C2與第二開關組並聯。電容C3,i則連接在第i個第一開關組的中間節點mi和第二開關組的中間節點m之間。在本實施例中,開關變換器15多工第二開關組。主側磁性電路151的兩端連接到第二開關組的中間節點m和第二開關組的一端。
可選地,還可以設置一個隔離電容Cg。在圖11中,隔離電容Cg連接在輸入埠的接地端和第二開關組的一端之間。
本發明實施例通過串列開關電容變換器和開關變換器來進行功率變換,利用開關電容變換器中的各開關組開關交替導通關斷的特點,將其中至少一個開關組多工作為開關變換器的至少一個橋臂使用,由此,可以有效減少開關數量,提高裝置利用率。
同時,串列的結構也可以綜合開關電容變換器和開關變換器的各自優點,改變直流-直流轉換器的增益,並有效地平滑輸出電壓。
開關電容變換器可以隔離型或非隔離型,開關變換器可以為半橋變換器、全橋變換器、LLC諧振型變換器以及LC諧振型變換器等可以實現能量單向傳輸的拓撲。
以上所述僅為本發明的較佳實施例,並不用於限制本發明,對於本領域技術人員而言,本發明可以有各種改動
和變化。凡在本發明的精神和原理之內所作的任何修改、等同替換、改進等,均應包含在本發明的保護範圍之內。
1’‧‧‧開關電容變換器
2’‧‧‧開關變換器
Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4‧‧‧開關
C、C1、C2‧‧‧電容
m1、m2‧‧‧中間節點
21‧‧‧主側磁性電路
22‧‧‧整流電路
Lp‧‧‧主側線圈
Ls‧‧‧副邊線圈
GH、GL‧‧‧開關控制信號
Vout‧‧‧輸出電壓
L‧‧‧電感
Vin‧‧‧輸入電壓
Claims (7)
- 一種直流-直流轉換器,包括:開關電容變換器,包括至少一個開關組和至少一個電容,每個所述開關組包括兩個串聯連接的開關,至少部分所述電容與對應的開關組並聯;以及至少一個開關變換器,每個所述開關變換器包括至少一個主側磁性電路並多工至少一個所述開關組,所述主側磁性電路耦接至被多工的所述開關組的中間節點,所述中間節點為開關組的兩個開關的公共連接點;其中,所述開關變換器為單向功率轉換器;其中所述至少一個開關組包括N個第一開關組和一個第二開關組;所述至少一個電容包括N個第一電容、一個第二電容和N個第三電容,N大於等於2;其中所述N個第一開關組順序串聯在第一埠的兩端之間,所述N個第一電容分別與對應的第一開關組並聯,第i個第三電容一端與所述第二開關組的中間節點連接,另一端連接到第i個第一開關組的中間節點,i=1,....,N,所述第二電容與所述第二開關組並聯;其中所述至少一個電容還包括至少一個隔離電容,連接在第二開關組的一端與所述N個第一電容連接的任意一端之間。
- 一種直流-直流轉換器,包括: 開關電容變換器,包括至少一個開關組和至少一個電容,每個所述開關組包括兩個串聯連接的開關,至少部分所述電容與對應的開關組並聯;以及至少一個開關變換器,每個所述開關變換器包括至少一個主側磁性電路並多工至少一個所述開關組,所述主側磁性電路耦接至被多工的所述開關組的中間節點,所述中間節點為開關組的兩個開關的公共連接點;其中,所述開關變換器為單向功率轉換器;其中所述至少一個開關組包括N個第一開關組和一個第二開關組;所述至少一個電容包括N個第一電容、一個第二電容和N個第三電容,N大於等於2;其中所述至少一個開關組還包括一個第三開關組;其中,所述N個第一開關組順序串聯在第一埠的兩端之間,第i個第一電容分別與對應的第i個第一開關組並聯,第i個第三電容一端與所述第三開關組的中間節點連接,另一端連接到對應的第i個第一開關組的中間節點,i=1,....,N;所述第二開關組與所述第三開關組並聯,所述第二電容與所述第二開關組並聯。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的直流-直流轉換器,其中所述至少一個電容還包括至少一個隔離電容,連接在第二開關組的中間節點和第i個第一電容的一端之間,i=1,....,N。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的直流-直流轉換器,其中還包括:控制電路,被配置為以PWM方式、PFM方式或PWM/PFM混合方式控制被多工的至少一個所述開關組以調節輸出電壓。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的直流-直流轉換器,其中所述開關電容變換器為隔離型開關電容變換器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的直流-直流轉換器,其中至少一個開關變換器的數量為N,並對應地多工N個開關組,N大於等於2。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2所述的直流-直流轉換器,其中所述主側磁性電路包括主側線圈和諧振電路;或者所述主側磁性電路包括諧振電路;或者所述主側磁性電路包括主側線圈。
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TW202021251A (zh) | 2020-06-01 |
CN107947593A (zh) | 2018-04-20 |
EP3506481A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
TW201929398A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
US20190199221A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
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