TWI705634B - Signal attached single firewire power control system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a signal attached single firewire power control system and method, comprising a linear regulator, a switch cutoff module, and a controller. The linear regulator is disposed between the input terminal and the output terminal to stabilize a minimum voltage difference between the input terminal and the output terminal. The switch intercepting module includes a MOSFET switch disposed between the input terminal and the output terminal, a driver connected to the MOSFET switch gate, and a voltage feedback control circuit connected to the driver. The controller outputs a pulse modulation signal to the driver according to the control command to output a control signal via the MOSFET switch, while the voltage feedback control circuit is powered by the single fire line circuit.

Description

Single live wire power additional signal control system and method

The present invention relates to a power control system and its method, in particular to a single live wire power additional signal control system and its method.

Generally, the design of electronic switching power supply is mainly to obtain a complete AC power supply through the two ends of the live wire and the water line, and then convert the AC to DC to provide the power required by the electronic switch. Nowadays, most light switches in houses have only one live wire and no water wire, so if you want the electronic switch to get power, you must pull an extra water wire to the switch. This is a very troublesome task, because the extra water line must be routed through the electric pipe in the wall. This is a very difficult process when there are already lines in the pipe. Another approach is to give up allowing the waterline to go inside the wall and pull the waterline directly from the wall, but this will cause the outer wall to look very unsightly.

The single live wire technology is mainly to obtain the power supply for the electronic switch from the live wire and the wire connected to the load, so that there is no need to connect a water wire. The principle is to convert the current flowing through the electronic switch into the required power source. When the switch is turned off, the switch is actually turned on, but because the current is very small, the load (such as a lamp) will not start. In today's technology, in order to meet the needs of smart homes, many home electronic products must have their own networking functions, that is, Internet of Things (IoT). Most IoT products use RF transmission in applications (such as LED lamp control today). However, there are still uncertainties in RF transmission. In signal transmission, environmental noise and interference factors must be considered.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a single live wire power additional signal control system, which is connected across the single live wire loop at the input and output ends. The single live-wire power control system includes a linear regulator, a switch and cut-off module, and a controller. The linear regulator is arranged between the input terminal and the output terminal to stabilize the minimum voltage difference between the input terminal and the output terminal. The switch cut-off module includes a semiconductor switch unit arranged between the input terminal and the output terminal, a driver connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch unit, and a voltage feedback control circuit connected to the driver. The voltage feedback control circuit outputs a first control signal to the driver to turn on the semiconductor switch unit when it detects that the voltage across the input terminal and the output terminal exceeds a reference voltage, and then detects the When the semiconductor switch unit is turned on for more than a predetermined time, a second control signal is output to the driver to turn off the semiconductor switch unit, so that the linear regulator obtains power through the input terminal. During the period when the semiconductor switch unit is turned off, the controller outputs a pulse modulation signal to the driver via an encoder according to the control instruction when receiving a control command, so as to output a control signal via the semiconductor switch unit.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a single live wire power additional signal control method, which is used in conjunction with a single live wire loop controller, the method includes: stabilizing the minimum voltage difference between the input terminal and the output terminal of the controller; Detect the cross voltage between the input terminal and the output terminal, and always turn on the semiconductor switch unit when it exceeds a reference voltage; when the semiconductor switch unit is turned on for more than a preset time, always turn off the semiconductor switch unit through the input terminal The electricity is stored in the capacitor; when receiving the control command, the semiconductor switch unit is always turned off and the pulse modulation signal is output to the driver of the semiconductor switch unit according to the control command to output the control signal through the semiconductor switch unit.

Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the conventional technology:

1. The present invention is equipped with a simple single live wire control structure, which can transmit auxiliary control information on the power line as an auxiliary when the RF control signal fails, thereby increasing system stability.

2. The present invention uses a semiconductor switch unit for switching, compared to the traditional three-terminal bidirectional The TRIAC or SCR has the advantage of not needing to maintain current, which can increase the stability of the system, and since the subsequent stage does not require a bleeding circuit, the efficiency can be further increased.

3. Compared with the traditional architecture, the half-wave method used in the present invention has a simpler driving circuit and a higher efficiency, and the half-wave is operated in the synchronous rectification region in the negative half cycle, which improves the efficiency compared with an external semiconductor.

100‧‧‧Single live wire power additional signal control system

10‧‧‧Linear Regulator

11‧‧‧Capacitor

20‧‧‧Switch and cut off module

21‧‧‧Semiconductor switch unit

22‧‧‧Drive

23‧‧‧Voltage feedback control circuit

231‧‧‧Voltage Sensor

232‧‧‧Comparator

233‧‧‧Timing Module

30‧‧‧Controller

40‧‧‧Encoder

IP‧‧‧Input terminal

OP‧‧‧Output

T1‧‧‧Preset time

200‧‧‧AC power supply

300‧‧‧Loading device

F‧‧‧Single live wire circuit

G‧‧‧Water circuit

Step S01-Step S04

Figure 1 is a block diagram (1) of the single live wire power additional signal control system of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block diagram (2) of the single live wire power additional signal control system of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the analog waveform of the present invention in a normal working state.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the analog waveform in the trigger working state of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the method for controlling additional signals of single live wire power according to the present invention.

The detailed description and technical content of the present invention will now be described with the drawings as follows. Furthermore, for the convenience of description, the figures in the present invention are not necessarily drawn according to actual proportions. These figures and their proportions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and are described here first.

Please refer to "Figure 1", which is a block diagram (1) of the single-fire-wire power control system of the present invention. As shown in the figure: And the output end OP is connected across the single live wire loop F of the AC power source 200, and further connected in series to the load device 300 in the rear direction, and then connected to the water wire loop G of the AC power source 200 through the load device 300. The single live-wire power additional signal control system 100 takes power from the single live-wire circuit F and outputs a control signal to the back-end load device 300 through the semiconductor switch unit 21, thereby achieving the control signal transmission function through the power distribution circuit.

The following is a description of a specific implementation aspect of the present invention, please also refer to "Figure 2", This is the block diagram (2) of the single live wire power additional signal control system of the present invention, as shown in the figure: the single live wire power additional signal control system 100 of this embodiment mainly includes a linear regulator 10 and a switch power cut module 20. A controller 30, and an encoder 40.

The linear regulator 10 is arranged between the input terminal IP and the output terminal OP to stabilize the minimum voltage difference between the input terminal IP and the output terminal OP, and to charge the capacitor 11. In a preferred embodiment, the linear regulator 10 can be a low-dropout regulator (LDO), which adjusts the conduction of the transistor by controlling the linear region to adjust the output voltage. In addition to being a low dropout linear regulator, the linear regulator 10 can also be a constant current charger, a capacitive buck or a resistive shunt, which is not limited in the present invention.

The switching power cutoff module 20 is mainly used to control the opening and closing of the semiconductor switch unit 21 to periodically open the connection between the live wire and the load device 300 when the AC half-wave zero-crossing value rises, so as to pass the linear The voltage stabilizer 10 charges the capacitor 11 intermittently during each cycle of the alternating current carrying, thereby supplying the power required by the controller 30. The switching power cut module 20 mainly includes a semiconductor switch unit 21 arranged between the input terminal IP and the output terminal OP, and a control terminal connected to the semiconductor switch unit 21 (in the implementation of MOSFET, the control A driver 22 whose terminal is the gate of the MOSFET) and a voltage feedback control circuit 23 connected to the driver 22. Among them, according to the different control transistors can be divided into PMOS type and NMOS type MOSFET switch; in another embodiment, the semiconductor switch unit 21 can also be an insulated gate bipolar transistor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT), gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaN MOSFET), silicon carbide field effect transistor (SiC MOSFET), etc., are not limited in the present invention.

The controller 30 can be connected to a human-machine interactive interface (I/O device), and receive control instructions through the human-machine interactive interface. When receiving the control instruction, the controller 30 uses the encoder 40 according to the control The command output pulse modulation signal to the driver 22. The human-computer interaction interface can be, for example, a physical control switch, a touch switch with an operating panel, etc., and the control command can be, for example, brightness (Dimming), color temperature, color and other control commands; in another feasible implementation aspect, the controller 30 can also directly execute corresponding commands through programming, which is not limited in the present invention. The controller 30 can be, for example, a central processing unit, a programmable general-purpose or special-purpose microprocessor (Microprocessor), a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), a programmable controller, and a special application integrated body. Circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASIC), RF-SoC or other similar devices or combinations of these devices are not limited in the present invention. The controller 30 can be configured in cooperation with a storage unit, and the storage unit can be used to store, for example, parameters or fault records. The storage unit may be, for example, an Electronically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), which is not limited in the present invention.

The encoder 40 (encoder) is set at the output of the controller 30 to compile the instructions of the controller 30 into corresponding codes so as to modulate the output of the driver 22. In a feasible implementation aspect, the encoder 40 may be a pulse width modulator (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) or a pulse frequency modulator (Pulse Frequency Modulation), which converts the code corresponding to the control command into a pulse wave The signal is output to the driver 22 to transmit control commands, which is not limited in the present invention. In a feasible implementation aspect, the encoder 40 can search through a look-up table (LUT) according to the input control command and output the corresponding code; on the load device side, the corresponding setting is useful for these Decoders that decode the codes. These decoders can be implemented by a microprocessor (MCU) at the slave. In another feasible implementation aspect, the encoder 40 and the controller 30 can be co-constructed as a processor, and the hardware integration forms are not within the scope of the present invention.

In the control loop, the voltage feedback control circuit 23 detects the input terminal IP (for example, corresponding to the drain of the semiconductor switch unit 21) and the output terminal OP (for example, corresponds to the source of the semiconductor switch unit 21) The voltage across therebetween can switch the semiconductor switch unit 21 into two different working modes. Specifically, when the voltage feedback control circuit 23 detects that the voltage across the input terminal IP and the output terminal OP exceeds a reference voltage Vref, the voltage feedback control circuit 23 will execute the first A working mode in which a first control signal is output to the driver 22 to turn on the semiconductor switch unit 21. At this time, the semiconductor switch unit 21 will switch to the working mode of the linear region, and current can pass through the semiconductor switch unit 21; when the voltage returns When the grant control circuit 23 detects that the semiconductor switch unit 21 is turned on for more than a preset time, the voltage feedback control circuit 23 will execute the second working mode and output a second control signal to the driver 22 to turn off the semiconductor The switch unit 21, at this time, the semiconductor switch unit 21 will switch to the working mode of the cut-off region, so that the linear regulator 10 receives power through the input terminal IP during the period when the semiconductor switch unit 21 is turned off.

In a specific implementation aspect, the voltage feedback control circuit 23 includes a voltage sensor 231, a comparator 232, and a timing module 233 disposed between the comparator 232 and the driver 22. The voltage sensor 231 is mainly used to detect the cross voltage of the input terminal IP and the output terminal OP, and the comparator 232 compares the cross voltage with the reference voltage Vref to output the first control signal. The reference voltage Vref here is used to determine the half-wave trigger threshold. In order to fully charge the capacitor 11 and control the encoding time, the set value (or lower limit) of the reference voltage Vref can be increased by the developer according to actual needs. Or turn down. In a feasible implementation aspect, the timing module 233 includes a timer and a clock generator connected to the timer, and the timer records time according to the clock signal output by the clock generator; The encoder 40 is arranged at the front end of the timer, so as to output a pulse modulation signal to control the output of the timer.

The timing module 233 will activate a timing function when receiving the first control signal of the comparator 232 to record the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch unit 21, and output a second control when the turn-on time exceeds a preset time A signal is sent to the driver 22 to turn off the semiconductor switch unit 21. The predetermined time is approximately equal to the single cycle of the commercial AC power source minus the rising period of the reference voltage Vref, so as to ensure that the semiconductor switch unit 21 is turned off before the AC zero crossing value.

The controller 30 inputs a control command to the encoder 40, converts it into a corresponding code via the encoder 40, and outputs the code as a corresponding pulse modulation signal to the driver 22, via The driver 22 feeds a pulse modulation signal to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch unit 21. The controller 30 feeds instructions to the semiconductor switch unit 21 for the period during which the voltage feedback control circuit 23 executes the second operating mode. In order to ensure that the signal is completely transmitted to the controlled end, in a feasible implementation, the controller 30 (or the encoder 40) can first estimate the time required during the rise of the reference voltage Vref (the time value can be preset ), when the signal is modulated, it is determined that the coded clock period is lower than the rising period of the reference voltage Vref. In another feasible implementation aspect, the encoder 40 can directly convert the control command into a pulse modulation signal and send it to the timing module 233, and by controlling the output of the timing module 233, the encoded control command Transfer to the drive 22.

The controller 30 inputs a control command to the encoder 40, converts it into a corresponding multi-bit code via the encoder 40, and transmits it to the driver 22 (or timing module 233) to activate the switch. The multi-bit code can be transmitted in the form of a square wave to control the opening and closing of the semiconductor switch unit 21. In a feasible implementation aspect, the lookup table of the encoder 40 is as follows:

In this embodiment, the look-up table is coded in binary form, but it can be adjusted to hexadecimal or other forms for coding according to actual needs. The above look-up table is only a specific example of the present invention, and is not used to limit the content of the present invention, and it must be explained here first.

In the implementation of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), The frequency is set to a fixed value, and the signal is modulated by controlling the ratio of ON and OFF of the switch on the control end, and the duty cycle. The signal can be added to the AC half-wave signal for transmission for the back-end microprocessor Decipher.

Taking the implementation of Pulse Frequency Modulation (Pulse Frequency Modulation), the control signal can be transmitted through the cycle of the modulation signal. Take the fixed ON time type as an example. The ON time is fixed but the OFF time changes. In other words, the next ON comes. The time before will change to transmit the signal.

Please refer to "Figure 3" and "Figure 4", which are the analog waveform diagrams in the normal working state of the present invention and the analog waveform diagrams in the trigger working state, as shown in the figure: As shown in Figure 3, the simulated waveform In the schematic diagram from top to bottom are the drain-source voltage-time schematic diagrams of the semiconductor switch unit 21 (the vertical axis is the drain-source voltage V _DS of the semiconductor switch unit 21, and the horizontal axis is the time T), the semiconductor switch unit 21 drain voltage-time schematic diagram (the vertical axis is the drain voltage V _D of the semiconductor switch unit 21, the horizontal axis is time T), and the gate-source voltage-time schematic diagram of the semiconductor switch unit 21 (the vertical axis is the semiconductor The turn-on voltage V _{GS of the} switch unit 21, the horizontal axis is time T).

In the normal working state, from the graph of the relationship between drain-source voltage and time (top figure), it can be seen from the figure that the reference voltage Vref is about 30mV. When the drain-source voltage V _DS reaches the reference voltage At Vref, the voltage feedback control circuit 23 will execute the first working mode, and output a first control signal to the driver 22 to turn on the semiconductor switch unit 21 so that current can pass through the semiconductor switch unit 21. At this time, the drain- The source voltage V _DS returns to zero due to the conduction. Before reaching the reference voltage Vref, the linear regulator 10 can charge the capacitor 11; it can be seen from the drain voltage-time diagram of the semiconductor switch unit 21 (middle diagram) Since the triggering time is very short, it will hardly affect the back-end load device 300; from the gate-source voltage-time diagram of the semiconductor switch unit 21 (bottom figure), when the voltage is fed back When the control circuit 23 detects that the semiconductor switch unit 21 is turned on for longer than the preset time T1, the voltage feedback control circuit 23 will execute the second working mode and output a second control signal to the driver 22 to turn off the semiconductor switch In the cell 21, at this time, the on-voltage V _GS returns to zero, and the drain-source voltage V _DS is roughly in the rising period of the zero-crossing value of the drain voltage V _D (as shown in the above and middle figures), completing a cycle.

As shown in FIG. 4, in the analog waveform diagram from top to bottom are the drain-source voltage-time diagrams of the semiconductor switch unit 21 (the vertical axis is the drain-source voltage V _DS of the semiconductor switch unit 21, The horizontal axis is time T), the drain voltage-time diagram of the semiconductor switch unit 21 (the vertical axis is the drain voltage V _D of the semiconductor switch unit 21, and the horizontal axis is time T), and the gate-source of the semiconductor switch unit 21 Polar voltage-time diagram (the vertical axis is the conduction voltage V _GS of the semiconductor switch unit 21, and the horizontal axis is the time T).

When the working state is triggered, the controller 30 inputs a control command to the encoder 40, converts it into a corresponding code via the encoder 40, and outputs it to the driver 22. At this time, the driver 22 performs the semiconductor switch unit in a normal state. 21 The gate-source voltage is at a low potential; during the period when the drain-source voltage V _DS has not reached the reference voltage Vref, the driver 22 outputs a pulse modulation signal to the gate of the semiconductor switch unit 21 according to the code, The microprocessor at the back end can decode the received pulse modulation signal through the decoder to obtain the corresponding control command.

The following is a description of the single live wire power additional signal control method of the present invention. Please also refer to "Figure 5", which is a schematic flow diagram of the single live wire power additional signal control method of the present invention, as shown in the figure: The additional signal control method can be attached to the hardware of the single live-wire power additional signal control system 100 and executed by the controller. The controller described here can be a programmable logic controller that can be programmed by software or firmware. The corresponding program is executed; the controller can also be executed by a plurality of circuit modules with different functions. These implementation forms are not within the scope of the present invention.

The method for controlling the additional signal of the single live wire power mainly includes two working modes, which are used to coordinate with the half-wave cycle of the single live wire to take power and transmit control commands. In the normal state, the controller stabilizes the minimum value between the input terminal and the output terminal. The voltage difference can be linearly stabilized when the semiconductor switch unit is turned off. The voltage device takes power and stores it in the capacitor (step S01); the controller detects the cross voltage between the input terminal and the output terminal in real time, and when it detects that the cross voltage exceeds a reference voltage, it always turns on the semiconductor switch unit (step S01) S02), in this working state, the power of the single live wire will be transmitted to the back-end load and used by the back-end load; when the working state of step S02 is executed, the controller executes a timing function to confirm the current half-wave period For the phase (time), when the semiconductor switch unit is turned on for more than a preset time (approximately before and after the half-wave zero-crossing value rising period), the controller always turns off the semiconductor switch unit to take power through the input terminal and store it in the capacitor (step S03 ); Among them, step S02 and step S03 are executed in conjunction with each cycle of the half-wave signal, that is, after completing the above steps S02 and step S03, the capacitor is charged in a single cycle under the state of one cycle of the half-wave signal.

When the controller receives a control command, the controller will always turn off the semiconductor switch unit (and the working state triggered by step S03) according to the control command to output a pulse modulation signal to the driver of the semiconductor switch unit to pass The semiconductor switch unit outputs a control signal (step S04).

In summary, the present invention is equipped with a simple single live wire control structure, which can transmit auxiliary control information on the power line as an auxiliary when the RF control signal fails, thereby increasing system stability. In addition, the present invention uses a semiconductor switch unit for switching. Compared with traditional triacs (TRLAC) or unidirectional triacs (SCR), the present invention has the advantage of not needing to maintain current, and can increase system stability, and Since the subsequent stage does not require a bleeding circuit, the efficiency can be further increased. Furthermore, compared with the traditional architecture, the half-wave method used in the present invention has a simpler driving circuit and a higher efficiency, and the half-wave operation in the synchronous rectification region in the negative half cycle improves the efficiency compared to the external semiconductor.

The present invention has been described in detail above, but what has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should not be used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention, that is, everything made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention is equal Changes and modifications should still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

100‧‧‧Single live wire power control system

10‧‧‧Low dropout linear regulator

11‧‧‧Capacitor

20‧‧‧Switch and cut off module

21‧‧‧Semiconductor switch unit

22‧‧‧Drive

23‧‧‧Voltage feedback control circuit

231‧‧‧Voltage Sensor

232‧‧‧Comparator

233‧‧‧Timing Module

30‧‧‧Controller

40‧‧‧Encoder

IP‧‧‧Input terminal

OP‧‧‧Output

Claims (9)

A single live-wire power additional signal control system is connected across a single live-wire loop at the input and output ends. The single live-wire power additional signal control system includes: a linear regulator arranged between the input and output , Stabilizing the minimum voltage difference between the input terminal and the output terminal; and a switch cut-off module, including a semiconductor switch unit arranged between the input terminal and the output terminal, and a control unit connected to the semiconductor switch unit A voltage feedback control circuit connected to the driver. The voltage feedback control circuit includes a voltage sensor and a comparator. The voltage sensor is used to detect the crossover between the input terminal and the output terminal. Voltage, the comparator compares the cross voltage with a reference voltage and outputs a first control signal to the driver to turn on the semiconductor switch unit when the cross voltage exceeds the reference voltage, and then detects the semiconductor switch unit When turned on for more than a preset time, output a second control signal to the driver to turn off the semiconductor switch unit so that the linear regulator gets power through the input terminal; and a controller, connected or coupled to the driver, During the period when the semiconductor switch unit is turned off, the controller outputs a pulse modulation signal to the driver via the encoder according to the control instruction when receiving a control command, so as to output a control signal via the semiconductor switch unit. Such as the single live wire power additional signal control system described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the control signal is attached to the half-wave zero-crossing value rising section of the single live wire loop. For the single live-wire power additional signal control system described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the encoder is a pulse width modulation (PWM) or a pulse frequency modulation (Pulse Frequency Modulation). For example, the single-fire-wire power control system described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the voltage feedback control circuit includes a timing module arranged between the comparator and the driver, and the timing module receives the comparison The first control signal of the device activates a timing function to record the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch unit, and when the turn-on time exceeds a preset time, a second control signal is output to the driver to turn off the semiconductor switch unit. For example, the single-fire-wire power control system described in item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the timing module includes a timer and a clock generator connected to the timer, and the timer is based on the output of the clock generator The clock signal recording time. For the single-fire-wire power control system described in item 5 of the scope of patent application, the encoder is arranged at the front end of the timer to output a pulse modulation signal to control the output of the timer. For the single live wire power control system described in item 4 of the scope of patent application, the preset time is approximately equal to a single cycle of the AC power supply minus the rising period of the reference voltage. A control method for additional signal of single live wire power, which is used in conjunction with the control of single live wire loop On the controller, the method includes: stabilizing the minimum voltage difference between the input terminal and the output terminal of the controller; detecting the voltage across the input terminal and the output terminal, and turning on the semiconductor switch when a reference voltage is exceeded Unit; when the semiconductor switch unit is turned on for more than a preset time, the semiconductor switch unit is always turned off to fetch power through the input terminal and stored in the capacitor; and when a control command is received, the semiconductor switch unit is always turned off according to the state The control command outputs a pulse modulation signal to the driver of the semiconductor switch unit to output a control signal through the semiconductor switch unit. The single live wire power additional signal control method described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the control signal is added to the zero-crossing value rising section of the single live wire loop half-wave signal.

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