TWI686469B - Base oil and lubricants - Google Patents

Abstract

A base oil containing at least two monoesters. Each monoester is made from monoalcohol and monocarboxylic acid. Wherein, the unit alcohol is C ₁₆ ~C ₃₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol, the monocarboxylic acid is C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and the monoesters are made of the same monocarboxylic acid Get. The base oil of the present invention can simultaneously meet the characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatilization loss and high NPI.

Description

Base oil and lubricants

The present invention relates to a base oil and a lubricant containing the base oil, and particularly to a base oil containing an ester compound and a lubricating oil containing the base oil.

In order to achieve the goal of energy saving and carbon reduction, the future automotive engine lubricants need to meet the GF-6 specifications established by the International Lubricant Standardization and Certification Committee (ILSAC).

In order to better meet the GF-6 specifications, the lubricating oil and the base oil it contains must simultaneously meet low viscosity, low pour point (PP), low Noack evaporation loss and high non-polarity index (non- Polar index; NPI for short). Among them, the low pour point can enable the lubricating oil to maintain its fluidity without using additional heating equipment in cold environments. In addition, the low Noack volatility loss can make the lubricating oil less volatile at high temperatures, and the high non-polar index can reduce the affinity between the lubricating oil and the metal surface, further reduce wear and tear, and achieve energy saving and carbon reduction effects.

US 8,673,831 B2 discloses a lubricating oil containing a monoester, which is composed of a saturated branched-chain aliphatic monohydric alcohol and a saturated straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (saturated straight- chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acid). However, among the many possible lubricants covered by US 8,673,831 B2, there are still lubricants that cannot meet the requirements of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatility loss and high non-polar index characteristics, which also shows that the aforementioned US The patent publication does not take into account all the above-mentioned feature requirements.

Therefore, how to find a base oil that satisfies the characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatilization loss, and high non-polarity index and lubricating oil containing the base oil has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Therefore, the first object of the present invention is to provide a base oil.

Therefore, the base oil of the present invention contains at least two monoesters, each monoester is made from a unit alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid, wherein the unit alcohol is a C ₁₆ ~ C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol, the unit The carboxylic acid is a C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and the monoesters are made from the same monocarboxylic acid.

Therefore, the second object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil.

Therefore, the lubricating oil of the present invention contains the aforementioned base oil.

The efficacy of the present invention lies in that the base oil of the present invention contains at least two monoesters prepared from C ₁₆ to C ₃₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ to C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and the The monoester is made from the same monocarboxylic acid. Therefore, the base oil of the present invention can simultaneously meet the characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatilization loss and high NPI, and thus can achieve the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction.

The content of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[ Base oil ]

The base oil of the present invention contains at least two monoesters, each monoester is made from a unit alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid, wherein the unit alcohol is a C ₁₆ ~ C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol, the monocarboxylic acid It is C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and these monoesters are made from the same monocarboxylic acid.

Preferably, each monoester is prepared by esterification of a unit alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid. The conditions of the esterification reaction may be any existing conditions that can cause the esterification reaction between the unit alcohol and the monocarboxylic acid to form a monoester. For example, the esterification reaction can optionally be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. More preferably, the temperature range of the esterification reaction is 180-240°C. Even more preferably, the temperature range of the esterification reaction is 200-230°C.

Preferably, the unit alcohol is a C ₂₀ ~C ₃₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol. More preferably, the unit alcohol is a C ₂₂ ~C ₃₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol. Even more preferably, the unit alcohol is a C ₂₂ to C ₂₈ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol. Even more preferably, the unit alcohol is a C ₂₄ to C ₂₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol.

其中，R¹ 與R² 分別為C₇ ~C₁₇ 烷基。Preferably, the unit alcohol is represented by the following formula (I): Formula (I)

Wherein, R ¹ and R ² are C ₇ ~C ₁₇ alkyl, respectively.

More preferably, R ¹ and R ² are each C ₁₀ ~C ₁₇ alkyl. Even more preferably, R ¹ and R ² are each C ₁₀ ~C ₁₃ alkyl. Even more preferably, R ¹ and R ² are C ₁₀ to C ₁₇ linear alkyl groups, respectively. Even more preferably, R ¹ and R ² are each a C ₁₀ to C ₁₃ linear alkyl group. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the unit alcohol is 2-decyltetradecanol or 2-undecyl pentadecanol.

Preferably, the monocarboxylic acid is a C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. More preferably, the monocarboxylic acid is a C ₅ ~C ₇ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid.

Preferably, based on the total weight of the base oil being 100 wt%, the weight range of each monoester is 5 to 95 wt%. More preferably, the weight range of each monoester is 10-90 wt%. Even more preferably, the weight range of each monoester is 30-70 wt%.

Preferably, the base oil of the present invention is composed of two monoesters, one of which is made of C ₂₄ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, The other monoester is made from C ₂₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. More preferably, based on the total weight of the base oil being 100 wt%, the weight range of the monoester prepared from C ₂₄ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid It is 30-50 wt%, and the weight range of the monoester prepared from C ₂₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ -C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is 50-70 wt%. Even more preferably, based on the total weight of the base oil being 100 wt%, the weight of the monoester prepared from C ₂₄ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid The range is 35~45 wt%, and the weight range of the monoester prepared from C ₂₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is 55~65 wt%.

Preferably, according to the ASTM D445-18 standard method, the base oil of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity (KVis) of 100° C. of not more than 5 cSt. More preferably, the dynamic viscosity at 100°C is not higher than 4.3 cSt.

Preferably, according to the ASTM D97-17b standard method, the pour point (P.P.) of the base oil of the present invention is not higher than −30°C. More preferably, the pour point is not higher than −40°C.

Preferably, the Noack volatilization loss (Noack) of the base oil of the present invention is not higher than 9 wt%. More preferably, the Noack volatilization loss is not higher than 8 wt%.

Preferably, the non-polar index (NPI) of the base oil of the present invention is not less than 115. More preferably, the non-polarity index is not less than 130.

[ lubricating oil ]

The lubricating oil of the present invention contains the aforementioned base oil.

Preferably, the lubricating oil of the present invention may further contain other additives, such as, but not limited to, amine-based antioxidants (aminic antioxidant; such as Ciba IRGANOX L57), tricresyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffin ) Or a combination of the foregoing.

The present invention will be further described with respect to the following embodiments, but it should be understood that this embodiment is merely an illustration and should not be interpreted as a limitation of the implementation of the present invention.

Unit alcohols and monocarboxylic acids used to prepare the monoesters or triesters contained in the base oils of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5, 8 and the monoesters constituting the base oils of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, The diesters or triesters are collated in Table 1 below. Table 1

The preparation methods of the base oils of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 are as follows.

＜ Examples 1 ＞

Base oil

Mixing the monoester made from isotetracosyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (abbreviated as isotetracosyl alcohol-C7) and the monoester made from isohexadecyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (abbreviated as isodioic acid) Cetyl alcohol-C7) to obtain the base oil of Example 1. Wherein, based on the total weight of the base oil being 100 wt%, the weight range of the monoester (isotetyl alcohol-C7) prepared from isotonic acid and heptanoic acid is 40 wt%. The weight range of the monoester (isohexacosanol-C7) prepared by isohexacosanol and heptanoic acid is 60 wt%.

＜ Comparative example 1 , 6~7＞

Base oil

The base oils of Comparative Examples 1 and 6 to 7 are monoesters [isotridecyl stearate] or diesters [diisodecyl adipate] listed in Table 1, respectively. Or diisotridecyl adipate (diisotridecyl adipate)].

＜ Comparative example 2~5＞

Base oil

The base oil of Comparative Example 2 is composed of a monoester prepared from 2-octyldodecanol and valeric acid (abbreviated as isicosyl alcohol-C5). The base oil of Comparative Example 3 is composed of a monoester prepared from isosyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (abbreviated as isosyl alcohol-C7). The base oil of Comparative Example 4 is composed of a monoester prepared from isotonic acid and heptanoic acid (abbreviated as isotretyl alcohol-C7). The base oil of Comparative Example 5 is composed of a monoester prepared from 2-dodecylhexadecanol and heptanoic acid (abbreviated as isooctacosanol-C7).

＜ Comparative example 8＞

Base oil

Mix the triester made from 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane (‎1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) and octanoic acid (abbreviated as trimethylolpropane-C8) with 1,1 , A triester prepared from 1-trimethylolpropane and decanoic acid (abbreviated as trimethylolpropane-C10) to obtain the base oil of Comparative Example 8. Wherein, based on the total weight of the base oil being 100 wt%, the weight of the triester prepared from 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane and octanoic acid is 40 wt%, which is 1,1,1 -The weight of the triester prepared by trimethylolpropane and capric acid is 60 wt%.

＜ Base oil properties test ＞

A. Test method: a. Kinematic viscosity (KVis) and viscosity index (VIcosity index ; VI for short ) : According to ASTM D445-18 standard method, measure the dynamic viscosity of 40˚C and 100˚C respectively, and according to 40˚C Calculate the viscosity index with a dynamic viscosity of 100˚C. b flash point (flash point; referred to as FP):. according to ASTM D92-18 standard method, measurement of open type flash point values. c. Pour point (PP) : Measure the low temperature pour point according to the standard method of ASTM D97-17b. d. Noack evaporation loss (Noack) : Noack evaporation loss tester (Noack evaporation loss analyzer) to measure Noack evaporation loss. e. Non-polarity index (NPI) : measure the non-polarity index with the test method of NPI in EP 0792334 B2. Among them, the calculation method of NPI is shown in [Formula A]. [Formula A] NPI=(total carbon atoms×average molecular weight)/(carboxyl groups×100)

The results obtained by the aforementioned property test methods for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-8, and the monoesters, diesters or triesters contained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-8 are collated in Table 2 below. Table 2

B. Results and discussion:

A base oil containing two monoesters prepared from C ₁₆ ~C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (Example 1) will have low viscosity, Low pour point, low Noack volatilization loss and high NPI characteristics. However, compared to the base oil of Example 1, it contains only a monoester not made from C ₁₆ ~C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid ( (Isotridecyl stearate) base oil (Comparative Example 1) has high dynamic viscosity and pour point, and only contains a saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohol of C ₁₆ ~ C ₃₆ and C ₅ ~ C ₁₀ saturated The base oils of monoesters prepared from chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (Comparative Examples 2 to 5) cannot simultaneously meet the characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatile loss and high NPI (Comparative Examples 2 and 3 Noack volatile loss (Higher and lower NPI, higher pour point of Comparative Example 4, higher dynamic viscosity and higher pour point of Comparative Example 5), and a base oil containing only one diester or two triesters (Comparative Examples 6 to 8). The characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatilization loss, and high NPI cannot be satisfied at the same time (Comparative Example 6 has high Noack volatilization loss and low NPI, and Comparative Examples 7-8 have high dynamic viscosity and low NPI).

Therefore, as can be seen from the description in the previous paragraph, compared to a base oil that contains only a single ester that is not made from a C ₁₆ to C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and a C ₅ to C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (compare Example 1), a base oil containing only a monoester prepared from C ₁₆ to C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol and C ₅ to C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (Comparative Examples 2 to 5), and A base oil containing only one diester or two triesters (Comparative Examples 6-8), the present invention contains at least two C ₁₆ ~ C ₃₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohols and C ₅ ~ C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monomers The base oil of monoester prepared by carboxylic acid (Example 1) can meet the characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatility loss and high NPI.

In summary, since the base oil of the present invention contains at least two monoesters prepared from C ₁₆ to C ₃₆ saturated branched chain aliphatic unit alcohols and C ₅ to C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, and these Monoester is made from the same monocarboxylic acid. Therefore, the base oil of the present invention can simultaneously meet the characteristics of low viscosity, low pour point, low Noack volatilization loss, and high NPI, and thus can achieve the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still classified as Within the scope of the invention patent.

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Claims (10)

A base oil containing at least two monoesters, each monoester is made from a unit alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid, wherein the unit alcohol is a C ₁₆ ~ C ₃₆ saturated branched aliphatic unit alcohol, the monocarboxylic acid It is a C ₅ ~C ₁₀ saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and these monoesters are made from the same monocarboxylic acid. The unit alcohol is represented by the following formula (I):

, Where R ¹ and R ² are C ₇ ~C ₁₇ alkyl, respectively. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 of} the formula (I) are C ₁₀ to C ₁₇ alkyl groups, respectively. The base oil according to claim 2, wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 of} the formula (I) are C ₁₀ to C ₁₃ alkyl groups, respectively. The base oil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is a C ₅ to C ₁₀ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The base oil according to claim 4, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is a C ₅ to C ₇ saturated linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The base oil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight range of each monoester is 5 to 95 wt% based on the total weight of the base oil being 100 wt%. The base oil according to claim 1, whose Noack volatilization loss is not higher than 9wt% and its pour point is not higher than -30℃ The base oil according to claim 7 has a Noack volatilization loss not higher than 8wt% and a pour point not higher than -40℃. The base oil according to claim 1 has a non-polarity index of not less than 115. A lubricating oil comprising the base oil according to any one of claims 1 to 9.