TWI682098B - Vertical axis type hydraulic power generation device, vertical axis type hydraulic power generation unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device that has not been available in the past, which can suppress the vibration force (fatigue load) generated by the influence of the water flow to be small while ensuring a sufficient output characteristic, and the structure The quality of the body and the overall installation cost of the device are kept to a minimum. The vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 100 of the present invention includes: a generator 50 that receives the rotational driving force from the water flow to generate electricity; and a vertical rotary shaft 20 that is rotatably connected to the generator 50 and is oriented vertically The direction is suspended; and a plurality of vanes 13, which are arranged at substantially equal angular intervals along the circumferential direction around the vertical rotation shaft 20. The plural blades 13 are formed to extend in the vertical direction and form a straight wing whose cross-sectional shape is composed of an airfoil shape, and when the plural blades 13 are viewed from the bottom surface side, there are five blades 13 Composed of the following blades.

Description

Vertical axis type hydraulic power generation device, vertical axis type hydraulic power generation unit

The invention relates to a vertical axis type hydraulic power generation device and a vertical axis type hydraulic power generation unit.

In the past, there has been known a hydroelectric power generation device that rotates the blades of a waterwheel by water flow, and generates electric power by transmitting the rotation motion to a generator. Conventional small hydroelectric power generation devices mostly use a "fall type" that builds a dike and blocks water channels to generate electricity, or a "barrel rotor (Savonius) type" waterwheel that uses the resistance of water flow to generate electricity (for example, refer to the following Patent Document 1 ). However, when it is desired to install these waterwheels in an existing waterway, large-scale waterway renovation works are required to prevent water from overflowing the waterway. Therefore, there are many restrictions on the installation location of the hydroelectric power generation device. In addition, due to the characteristics of the waterwheel, the garbage flowing in the waterway will accumulate on the waterwheel, so it requires a dust removal device and a high maintenance cost. That is to say, the conventional hydroelectric power plant has a huge initial cost and maintenance cost, which is an important factor that will hinder its popularization from the viewpoint of economic rationality.

As a method for solving the problems in the aforementioned conventional hydroelectric power generation device, in recent years, research has been conducted on the realization of a vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device utilizing lift characteristics. The vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device is provided with a device having a structure: a generator that receives the rotational driving force from the water flow to generate electric power; a vertical rotation axis that is rotatably connected to the generator and is oriented in the vertical direction Is draped; and a plurality of vanes, which It is arranged around the vertical axis of rotation at substantially equal angular intervals along the circumferential direction; and because it has a form in which a plurality of blades are arranged in the vertical direction with respect to the water flow, it has the dust removal necessary without the need of conventional technology The advantages of equipment and high maintenance costs.

[Prior Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-106247

However, as far as the current situation is concerned, the blades arranged in the vertical direction as assumed by the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device are mostly used for wind power generation, but have not been widely used in hydroelectric power generation devices. The reason is that there are the following problems: Unlike the wind (air) used by the windmill, the water flow (water) used by the waterwheel has a density of about 800 times that of the air, therefore, it is stably and continuously applied to the blades from the water flow The load is very large. That is, if the output of the blades is to be increased in order to improve the power generation efficiency, even if it is a flow bearing capacity from a certain flow rate, a very large load will still be applied to the entire waterwheel, and the impact of fatigue load based on vibration is also very large Big. In particular, in the case of a vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device, the blades arranged in the flowing water of the water channel have a single cantilever structure. Therefore, in order to be able to withstand the large load from the water flow and the "induced vibration" Fatigue load requires a strong structure. That is, although the existing vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device has a form advantage that does not exist in other types of conventional hydroelectric power generation devices, as the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit, there is an increase in installation cost according to specifications. possibility.

The present invention has been completed in view of the possibility of existing problems in the aforementioned conventional technology, and its object is to provide a vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation that was not available in the past The device can suppress the excitation force (fatigue load) generated by the influence of the water flow while ensuring sufficient output characteristics, and can minimize the quality of the structure and the installation cost of the entire device.

The vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention includes: a generator that receives the rotational driving force from the water flow to generate electric power; and a vertical rotation axis that is rotatably connected to the above generator and is oriented in the vertical direction Is suspended; and a plurality of vanes, which are arranged at substantially equal angular intervals along the circumferential direction around the vertical rotation axis; characterized in that the plurality of vanes are formed to extend in the vertical direction and A straight wing formed in a cross-sectional shape composed of an airfoil shape, and when the plurality of vanes are viewed from the bottom surface side, it is composed of 5 or less vanes.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device that was not available in the past, which can suppress the vibration force (fatigue load) generated by the influence of the water flow to be small while ensuring sufficient output characteristics, and can suppress the structure The quality and the overall installation cost of the device are kept to a minimum.

10‧‧‧Vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device

11‧‧‧Waterwheel

13‧‧‧blade

13a‧‧‧blade straight line

13b‧‧‧corner corner

13c‧‧‧Iron arm

20‧‧‧Vertical axis of rotation

30‧‧‧Bearing support

50‧‧‧Generator

60‧‧‧Support

61‧‧‧Bridge

62‧‧‧Basic Department

100‧‧‧Vertical axis hydropower unit

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing the overall configuration of a vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit of this embodiment.

2(a) and (b) are diagrams illustrating an airfoil shape applicable to the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device of the present embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the excitation force (N) with respect to the position angle (deg) of the plural blades of the waterwheel, and Fig. 3(a) shows the result of the case where the number of blades is 2 Fig 3(b) shows the result of the case where the number of wheel blades is 5 pieces.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in bending moment (N.m) as a fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotation axis when the number of wheel blades is increased by one at a time from 2 to 9 pieces.

5(a) to (d) are graphs showing the results of verifying the effect of the installation cost when increasing the number of wheel blades between 2 and 9 by 1 at a time.

Fig. 6 is a graph showing different trends of bending moments (Nm) as fatigue characteristics acting on the vertical rotation axis when the number of wheel blades is even and odd.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an external shape that can be adopted by the vertical-axis type hydroelectric power generation device of the present embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an external appearance shape that can be adopted by the vertical-axis hydraulic power generation device of the present embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an external appearance shape that can be adopted by the vertical-axis hydraulic power generation device of the present embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an external appearance shape that can be adopted by the vertical-axis type hydraulic power generation device of the present embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an external appearance shape that can be adopted by the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device of the present embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an external appearance shape that can be adopted by the vertical-axis type hydroelectric power generation device of the present embodiment.

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a detailed structure of a single blade of the present embodiment. Fig. 13(a) shows a side view of one blade, and Fig. 13(b) shows a top view of one blade.

Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the variation of the load applied when one blade rotates once.

Figure 15 is a graph showing the safety rate of the fatigue limit for the stress generated at the corner of the blade, And the graph of output utilization, the horizontal axis represents the ratio of the corners of the corners to the total length of the blades, the left vertical axis represents the safety rate relative to the fatigue limit, and the right vertical axis represents the output utilization.

FIG. 16 is an enlarged graph of the graph shown in FIG. 15, which shows the case where the safety rate of the left vertical axis of FIG. 15 with respect to the fatigue limit is in the range of 0 to 4. FIG.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for implementing the present invention will be described using drawings. In addition, the following embodiments are not intended to limit the inventors of each claim, and all combinations of features described in the embodiments are not necessarily required to solve the invention.

First, an example of the overall configuration of the vertical-axis hydroelectric generating unit 100 of this embodiment will be described. Here, FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing the overall configuration of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an airfoil shape applicable to the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device of the present embodiment.

The vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of this embodiment is a device that uses water flow to rotate the waterwheel 11 composed of the vanes 13 and transmits the rotation motion to the generator 50 to generate electric power. As a specific configuration, as shown in FIG. 1, the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of the present embodiment includes: a waterwheel 11 that rotates using water flow; a vertical rotation shaft 20 that is provided with a waterwheel 11; and a bearing support portion 30 It has a bearing that rotatably supports the vertical rotating shaft 20; and a generator 50 that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the vertical rotating shaft 20. In addition, the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of the present embodiment is provided, for example, in a diversion channel.

Also, as the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation unit 100, a support body 60 is provided to surround the vertical rotation shaft 20 and the bearing support portion 30, and the support body 60 is used to support the waterwheel 11 and the vertical rotation shaft 20 as rotating members, and The vertical shaft-type hydroelectric power generation device 10 is fixedly installed, and a bridge portion 61 straddling a water channel or the like is connected to the support body 60. The support body 60 and the bridge portion 61 are fixedly installed on the foundation portions 62 provided on both sides of the water channel, for example, to install the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit 100 of this embodiment.

字形所構成之外觀形狀，且設置為使大致

字形之開放部面向垂直旋轉軸20。又，大致

字形之縱桿部係沿著鉛垂方向延伸而形成，並且作為其橫截面形狀由翼型形狀所構成之直翼而形成。如此作為直翼而形成之朝鉛垂方向延伸之大致

字形之縱桿部，係作為水車11之葉片部而發揮功能。亦即，如圖1所示，本實施形態之水車11係構成為藉由將3片輪葉13配置於水中而承受來自水流之力(水之推力)，使由翼型形狀所構成之作為直翼之輪葉13承受水流而產生升力，從而以水車11之中心(垂直旋轉軸20)為中心軸進行旋轉。 The waterwheel 11 illustrated in FIG. 1 is provided with a plurality of vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel at substantially equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction around the vertical rotating shaft 20. FIG. 1 illustrates the case where three vanes 13 are provided . The three vanes 13 have roughly

The appearance shape formed by the glyph, and set so that

The open part of the glyph faces the vertical rotation axis 20. Again, roughly

The vertical rod portion of the zigzag is formed by extending in the vertical direction, and is formed as a straight wing whose cross-sectional shape is composed of an airfoil shape. It is formed as a straight wing and extends roughly in the vertical direction

The vertical bar portion of the zigzag functions as a blade portion of the waterwheel 11. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the waterwheel 11 of the present embodiment is configured to receive the force from the water flow (water thrust) by arranging three vanes 13 in the water, so that the airfoil shape is formed as The blade 13 of the straight wing receives the water flow to generate lift, and thus rotates about the center of the waterwheel 11 (vertical rotation axis 20) as the central axis.

Furthermore, as for the airfoil shape of the vane 13 having a cross-sectional shape, as illustrated in FIG. 2, any airfoil shape may be adopted. For example, as shown in Fig. 2(a), "NACA0018" as defined by NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), the predecessor of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) For the airfoil, the airfoil "TWT12013-05-BA642" developed by Tokai University in Japan as shown in Fig. 2(b) can also be used.

As described above, the vertical rotating shaft 20 is provided with three vanes 13 at its lower end side, and is a member that performs a rotational movement by receiving the rotational force generated by the action of the vanes 13. The vertical rotating shaft 20 and the three vanes 13 are firmly tightened and fixed by well-known tightening means such as screws and nuts. In addition, the vertical rotation shaft 20 is rotatably supported by a bearing provided in the bearing support portion 30.

The rotation of the vertical rotating shaft 20 is supported by the bearing support portion 30 and transmitted to the generator 50, and the generator 50 generates electric power. In addition, in the generator 50 of this embodiment, an input shaft (not shown) included in the generator 50 is provided coaxially with the vertical rotation shaft 20. However, in the case where the generator 50 and the vertical rotating shaft 20 are connected using a planetary gear or a speed reducer, the input shaft (not shown) included in the generator 50 may not be arranged coaxially with the vertical rotating shaft 20. In addition, the power generated by the power generation is transmitted to the power consumption place or the power storage means by power transmission means (not shown).

In the above, the overall configuration example of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit 100 of the present embodiment has been described. Next, based on the aforementioned vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation unit 100, the results of experiments conducted by the inventors and the like will be described. The experimental results described below are for the inventors and others to obtain sufficient output characteristics while suppressing the excitation force (fatigue load) generated by the influence of the water flow to be small, and to reduce the quality of the structure. Only the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 and the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation unit 100 with the installation cost of the whole device suppressed to a minimum are the results obtained from the conception and research.

First of all, the inventors paid attention to the vibration force (fatigue load) generated on the vanes 13 of the waterwheel 11 due to the thrust of the water flow due to the problems of the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 and the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation unit 100. Impact. Furthermore, the inventors analyzed the rotor characteristics (fatigue load characteristics) of the water wheel 11 having the vanes 13 composed of straight blades based on the single flow management theory, and obtained the results shown in FIG. 3. Here, FIG. 3 is a graph showing the excitation force (N) with respect to the position angle (deg) of the plural blades 13 of the waterwheel 11, and FIG. 3(a) shows that the number of blades is 2 Figure 3(b) shows the result of the case where the number of wheel blades is 5 pieces.

As shown in FIG. 3(a), when the number of blades is two, the variation of the excitation force (N) applied to each blade 13 is very large. Moreover, regarding the two blades The total value of the exciting force (N) of 13 has a very large amplitude variation as indicated by the arrow width indicated by the symbol α.

On the other hand, when it is confirmed that the number of blades is 5 pieces, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the variation of the excitation force (N) applied to each blade 13 is small, and The total value of the excitation force (N) of the five vanes 13 will cancel each other out, and as shown by the symbol β, the width of the arrow also has a very small amplitude variation.

According to the above results, in the case of the waterwheel 11 with 2 blades, the load amplitude per revolution of the waterwheel is slightly larger than 350N, while in the case of the waterwheel 11 with 5 blades, the waterwheel The load amplitude of one revolution is slightly less than 50N, and the difference between the load amplitudes of the two is about 7 times. Therefore, the following assumption can be obtained: In the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10, the larger the number of blades 13 is, the smaller the excitation force (fatigue load) generated by the blades 13 of the waterwheel 11 seems to be.

Therefore, the inventors then conducted the following verification: What difference does the difference in the number of wheel blades have to the bending moment (N.m) which is the fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotation shaft 20? The results are shown in Figure 4. Here, FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in bending moment (N.m) as a fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotating shaft 20 when the number of wheel blades is increased by 1 at a time between 2 and 9 pieces. .

As shown in Fig. 4, it has been confirmed that as the number of wheel blades increases from 2 to 3, 4, 5 pieces, the bending moment (N.m), which is the fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotating shaft 20, will temporarily decrease gradually . However, when the number of wheel blades was 6, it was confirmed that the bending moment (N.m) slightly increased compared to the case of 5 blades. In addition, if the number of wheel blades is 6 or more, it is confirmed that the bending moment (N.m), which is a fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotating shaft 20, does not change much, and the bending moment (N.M. m) The impact will gradually decrease. However, it has been confirmed that the bending moment when the number of wheel blades is 6 or more (N.m), the bending moment (N.m) is greatly suppressed compared to when the number of wheel blades is two, and by setting the number of wheel blades to at least 3 or more, the effect can be greatly reduced The bending moment (N.m) of the fatigue characteristic of the vertical rotating shaft 20.

Next, the inventors verified the influence of the installation cost as another important factor hindering the popularity of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 and the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit 100. The results are shown in Figure 5. Here, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of verifying the effect of the installation cost when increasing the number of wheel blades between 2 and 9 at a time. In addition, for convenience of explanation, the graph shown in FIG. 5 also describes a curve showing the change in bending moment (N.m) as a fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotation shaft 20 shown in FIG. 4.

First of all, the inventors obtained the bending torque based on the insight that the bending moment (N.m), which is the fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotating shaft 20, can be reduced by setting the number of wheel blades to at least 3 or more. The reduction of (N.m) makes it possible to reduce the mass of the waterwheel machinery of the entire vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10. Here, the so-called "waterwheel mechanical quality" refers to the mass of the vertical axis type hydraulic power generation device except for the vane parts (11, 13) and the bridge parts (60, 61) in the member shown in FIG. . As the number of wheel blades increases, the diameter of the shaft that is the vertical rotation shaft 20 can be reduced, so that it can be displayed as a single mass. Furthermore, considering the bending moment (N.m) as a fatigue characteristic, and the result of a design review of the quality of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit, as shown in FIG. 5(a), the number of blades for each wheel is obtained The value of waterwheel mechanical quality. Here, in FIG. 5(a), although the waterwheel mechanical mass is displayed as the absolute value of the mass ratio, it can be clearly seen from the figure that when the number of wheel blades is more than 3, compared to the number of wheel blades In the case of 2 pieces, the waterwheel mechanical quality can be greatly reduced. The mass ratio tendency of the waterwheel mechanical mass is very consistent with the numerical tendency of the bending moment (N.m), which is a fatigue characteristic, and is consistent with the results assumed by the inventors.

Obtaining the above results, the inventors also studied the "bridge quality" defined by the bridge parts (60, 61). Moreover, considering the bending moment (N.m) as the fatigue characteristic, the results of the design review of the "bridge quality" defined by the bridge parts (60, 61), as shown in Fig. 5(b), are obtained for each wheel The value of the bridge mass of the number of blades. Here, in Figure 5(b), the bridge mass is displayed as the absolute value of the mass ratio. From this figure, it is obvious that the "bridge mass" is also the same as the "waterwheel mechanical mass". In the case of more than 3 pieces, the bridge mass can be greatly reduced compared to when the number of wheel blades is 2 pieces. The mass ratio tendency of the bridge mass is also very consistent with the numerical tendency of the bending moment (Nm), which is the fatigue characteristic, and is consistent with the results assumed by the inventors.

As explained above, it is obvious that when the number of wheel blades is 3 or more, the "waterwheel mechanical quality" and "bridge quality" can be greatly reduced compared to the case of 2 wheel blades. By drastically reducing these "waterwheel mechanical quality" and "bridge quality", of course, the effect of reducing installation costs should be obtained. However, increasing the number of blades will also increase the manufacturing cost of the blades. Therefore, the inventors have verified the influence of the increase in the manufacturing cost of the vane when the number of vanes is increased by one each from 2 to 9 pieces. Fig. 5(c) is a graph showing the result.

Here, since the vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 are manufactured using very expensive materials such as CFRP (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic), the increase in the number of vanes will be directly reflected in the manufacturing in proportion Increase in cost. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5(c), an increase in the number of blades will obviously increase the cost of the entire waterwheel after the addition of the blades in proportion.

The cost effect of the whole device obtained by adding up the cost effect according to the aforementioned “waterwheel mechanical quality” and “bridge quality” and the cost effect according to the increase in the number of wheel blades is shown in FIG. 5(d). It can be clearly seen from Figure 5(d) that the blade parts (11, 13) and the waterwheel The total cost of the mechanical part (20, 30, 50) and the bridge part (60, 61) was confirmed. As a result, when the number of wheel blades is 3, 4 or 5, the cost can be suppressed as long as The installation cost is introduced into the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit 100, which is economically reasonable, and the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit 100 of the present embodiment can be introduced into the surrounding waterways that have not yet been introduced. On the other hand, when the number of wheel blades is 2 or 6 to 9 pieces, the cost will increase significantly, and the installation cost is obviously not economically reasonable. In addition, when the number of blades is more than 10, it is the same as the case of 6 to 9 pieces. Because the manufacturing cost of the blade is significantly increased, in terms of installation cost, the situation of more than 10 pieces is not economically reasonable. .

According to the verification by the inventors described above, it is clear that the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of this embodiment can be obtained by changing the number of blades 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 from 3 to 5 pieces. By configuring the number of vanes, it is possible to obtain the best vertical-axis hydroelectric generating unit 100. That is, by introducing the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 of which the number of the vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 is 3 to 5 pieces, it is possible to provide what was not available in the past while ensuring the sufficient output characteristics while generating the influence of the water flow The vibration force (fatigue load) is suppressed to be small, and the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation unit 100 can be suppressed to a minimum to minimize the mass of the structure and the installation cost of the entire device. Furthermore, according to the verification performed by the inventors and the like using FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 using a single flow management theory, it is based on a new concept that has not yet appeared in the field of at least a vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device. The research results obtained through the implementation of the new regulations.

In addition, the inventors who have obtained the research results of the above new regulations have further reviewed and verified whether they can optimize the number of blades 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 to 3 to 5. At this time, the curve showing the change of the bending moment (N.m), which is the fatigue characteristic of the vertical rotation shaft 20 acting on the number of wheel blades shown in FIG. 4, is again verified. Figure. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, it has been confirmed that the change points of the bending moments (N.m) of the various number of wheel blades show that the number of wheel blades is even and the odd number is different. Here, FIG. 6 is a graph showing that the bending moment (N.m), which is the fatigue characteristic acting on the vertical rotation axis, shows different tendency when the number of wheel blades is even and odd.

That is, as shown by the symbol x in FIG. 6, if the bending moment (N.m) value in the case where the number of wheel blades connected by the imaginary line x is an even number, as shown by the symbol y in FIG. 6, the imaginary The bending moment (N.m) value in the case where the line y connecting wheel blade number is odd has a tendency to become smaller than the even number imaginary line x in the case of the bending moment (N.m) value. Although this fact cannot be sufficiently explained with a clear theory, the inventors believe that, when the number of blades is even, the blades 13 are arranged to face each other around the vertical rotation axis 20, so There will be areas that overlap with the water flow vanes. As a result, perhaps because of the effect of reducing the function of the vanes and offsetting the increase in the number of wheel blades, the bending moment (N. m) The tendency to increase.

In addition, the imaginary lines indicated by symbols x and y in FIG. 6 can be drawn by a well-known method such as a least-squares method as a means of calculating an approximate curve of a point sequence.

Based on the assumption using FIG. 6 described above, the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of this embodiment can be obtained by changing the number of vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 to an odd number, that is, 3 or 5 vanes. It can be constructed in a number of ways to obtain the best vertical axis hydropower unit 100.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. Furthermore, FIGS. 7 to 12 show the aforementioned vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of this embodiment as a Example of the structure of the system. Here, FIG. 7 to FIG. 12 are diagrams showing specific configuration examples of the external shapes that can be adopted by the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of the present embodiment. Furthermore, FIGS. 7 and 10 show the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 in the case where the number of vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 is 3, and FIGS. 8 and 11 show that the number of vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 is In the case of a four-piece vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10, FIGS. 9 and 12 show the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 in a case where the number of vanes 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 is five.

In addition, in the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, the waterwheel 11 composed of a plurality of vanes 13 has a solidity ratio of 0.1 to 0.29. Here, the chord cycle ratio refers to an index displayed as the ratio of the area of the entire wing to the area of rotation of the wing, and can be represented by the following equation (1).

Chord cycle ratio (ρ)=n×C/(2πr)…(1)

Where n=number of wings, C=wing chord length (m), r=waterwheel radius.

The above facts also show that by configuring the chord cycle ratio to be 0.1 to 0.29, the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 and the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation unit 100 of this embodiment can be obtained. That is, with a chord cycle ratio of 0.1 to 0.29, and the number of blades 13 set to 3 to 5, it can provide the excitement that was not available in the past while ensuring sufficient output characteristics while stimulating the effects of water flow. The vibration force (fatigue load) is suppressed to be small, and the vertical-axis hydraulic power generation device 10 and the vertical-axis hydraulic power generation unit 100 can be suppressed to a minimum to minimize the mass of the structure and the installation cost of the entire device.

The inventions described above using FIGS. 3 to 6 are based on the effect of the excitation force (fatigue load) generated on the vane 13 of the waterwheel 11 due to the thrust of the water flow, and the consideration will be based on the "waterwheel The cost effect of "mechanical quality" and "bridge quality" and the cost effect of the whole device obtained by adding up the cost effect based on the increase in the number of wheel blades are derived. Based on the above invention matters, the inventors obtained Set 10's new insights that better constitute the conditions. On the basis of this insight, the inventors conducted research based on new ideas and successfully found out the configuration conditions that can further optimize the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device. Therefore, next, using FIG. 13 to FIG. 16, other new configuration conditions of the vertical-axis hydraulic power generation device 10 of the present embodiment will be described.

Here, FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the detailed structure of a single blade of the present embodiment, FIG. 13(a) shows a side view of one blade, and FIG. 13(b) shows a top view of one blade. In addition, FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the variation of the load acting when one vane rotates once. In addition, FIG. 15 is a graph showing the safety rate of the fatigue limit for the stress generated at the corner of the bucket (round corner), and the output utilization rate. The horizontal axis represents the corner of the corner relative to the full length of the bucket. Proportion, the left vertical axis represents the safety rate relative to the fatigue limit, and the right vertical axis represents the output utilization rate. Moreover, FIG. 16 is an enlarged graph of the graph shown in FIG. 15, which shows the case where the safety rate of the left vertical axis of FIG. 15 with respect to the fatigue limit is in the range of 0 to 4. In addition, in FIGS. 15 and 16, the ratio of the round corners 13b indicated by the horizontal axis to the total length L of the blades is based on the top and next pair of round corners 13b that one blade has. The ratio calculated by the dimension R of the radius of curvature of the corner corner 13b of the one.

The inventors, etc. satisfy the invention described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6, and as shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 whose chord cycle ratio is actually 0.1 to 0.29 when the waterwheel 11 is actually used in water flow Later, I realized that the force of the water flow on the vane 13 is very large, and it is necessary to have a vane design that considers the strength of the vane. In particular, regarding the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, one vane 13 is a vane straight portion 13 a formed by extending in the vertical direction, from the vertical rotation axis 20 toward the horizontal The direction extends to form an upper and lower pair of vane arm portions 13c, and a pair of round corner portions 13b formed on the connecting portion of one vane straight portion 13a and two vane arm portions 13c. That is, the force from the water flow acts on the blade straight portion 13a and the pair of upper and lower circles The corner 13b can rotate the waterwheel 11. Furthermore, at this time, it is known that the portion of the blade 13 with the largest stress is the corner portion 13b. That is, if the corners 13b are small or there are no corners, the strength of the vane 13 will be reduced, and in the worst case, the waterwheel 11 will be destroyed. On the other hand, if the corners 13b If it is larger, the length of the straight portion 13a of the vane that generates lift will become smaller, which lowers the power generation efficiency. Therefore, as long as the vane shape can be optimized from the viewpoint of the strength of the vane 13 and the viewpoint of power generation efficiency, a better vertical-axis hydraulic power generation device 10 can be obtained.

Based on the above ideas, the inventors have conducted studies to obtain the best blade shape. First, if the number of blades 13 of the waterwheel 11 is increased within the range of the waterwheel 11's chord cycle ratio from 0.1 to 0.29, the blade length and thickness of each blade will become smaller, so the blades The intensity of 13 will decrease. Here, as shown in FIG. 14, when the waterwheel 11 rotates, a complicatedly varying load acts on one blade 13 constituting the waterwheel 11 during one revolution. In particular, it can be seen that the radial load Fn greatly changes during one revolution of the vane 13 compared to the tangential load Ft. In addition, the stress concentration factor changes according to the size of the radius of curvature R of the corner portion 13b. Therefore, as a result of the investigation by the inventors and others, through numerical analysis, the number of blades (2 to 10 pieces) was calculated to change the size of the corner portion 13b due to the fact that the blade 13 The amplitude of the stress generated, and the safety rate for fatigue strength is calculated. In addition, in this numerical analysis, the material constituting the vane 13 is assumed to be ductile cast iron, alloy, composite resin, etc., which is excellent in strength and manufacturability, and is calculated assuming that the number of repetitions is ¹⁰⁹ times. The fatigue strength is 75~180MPa. Also, as described above, if the corners 13b are increased, the blade straight portions 13a, which are effective as straight portions of the vanes 13, will be reduced, and the performance of the vanes will be reduced, resulting in lower power generation efficiency. Therefore, the inventors calculated the output utilization rate of the vane 13 which changes according to the size of the radius of curvature R of the corner corner portion 13b at various numbers of blades (2 pieces to 10 pieces). Figures 15 and 16 summarize the above calculation results. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the dimensions of each radius of curvature R of the corner pairs 13b of the next pair formed on the vane 13 are the same value. Therefore, each radius of curvature of the next pair of corners 13b formed on the vane 13 is "R", and in FIGS. 15 and 16, the corners 13b shown on the horizontal axis are relative to the wheel The ratio of the total length L of the blade 13 is a ratio calculated based on the dimension R of the radius of curvature of one of the corners 13b of any one of the upper and lower pairs of corners 13b.

From FIGS. 15 and 16, first, the lower limit value of the radius of curvature R of the corner portion 13b is verified. As shown in FIG. 16, it can be seen that in any number of wings of 2 to 10, if the ratio of a round corner 13b to the total length of the vane is close to about 0%, the safety rate will be extreme due to stress concentration To lower. Therefore, it can be judged that the ratio of one round corner portion 13b to the total length of the vane must be 1% or more. By this, if the radius of curvature of one round corner 13b is set to R, and the entire length of the vane 13 including the pair of upper and lower round corners 13b is set to L, the minimum required safety is ensured From the viewpoint of rate, the following inequality (2) must be satisfied.

0.01L≦R…(2)

Next, the upper limit value of the radius of curvature R of the corner portion 13b is verified. In view of the output utilization rate represented by the right vertical axis of FIGS. 15 and 16, the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device 10 of this embodiment is a lift type waterwheel 11, which is used in small hydroelectric power generation compared to the past The "bucket rotor type" of the device, which uses the resistance of the water flow to generate electricity, needs higher power generation efficiency. Therefore, considering that the waterwheel 11 should ensure a certain equipment capacity, the output utilization rate of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 of the present embodiment must also ensure a performance of at least 60% of the output utilization rate. In addition, if the ratio of one corner portion 13b to the total length of the blade is read from the graph in FIG. 16 when the output utilization rate is 60%, it can be judged that the ratio is 20%. By this, Yu will put a round corner When the radius of curvature of 13b is set to R, and the length of the entire vane 13 including the pair of upper and lower corners 13b is set to L, a circle observed from the viewpoint of the minimum output utilization rate that should be ensured The upper limit of the radius of curvature R of the corner 13b must satisfy the following inequality (3).

R≦0.20L…(3)

Therefore, the condition that satisfies the radius of curvature R of one of the corners 13b of the two inequalities (2) and (3) can be shown as the following inequality (4).

0.01L≦R≦0.20L…(4)

In addition, in the above verification, as a minimum, the output utilization rate of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device 10 should be ensured. Although the condition of ensuring more than 60% performance is required, in fact, it is necessary to consider that sometimes higher output is required. Utilization. Therefore, the inventors set the output utilization rate of 70% as the target value for performance assurance after considering the economic efficiency or the specifications required by customers. Then, if the ratio of a round corner portion 13b to the total length of the blade is read from the graph in FIG. 16 when the output utilization rate is 70%, it can be judged that the ratio is 15%. By this, when the radius of curvature of one round corner 13b is set to R, and the entire length of the vane 13 including the upper and lower pair of round corners 13b is set to L, the minimum output should be ensured. The upper limit of the radius of curvature R of one of the corners 13b in the case observed from the viewpoint of rate must satisfy the following inequality (5).

R≦0.15L…(5)

Therefore, the condition that the radius of curvature R of the one corner corner 13b of the inequalities (2) and (5) is satisfied can be shown as the following inequality (6).

0.01L≦R≦0.15L…(6)

That is, as the range of conditions that can be adopted by the present invention, although the above-mentioned inequality (4) can be adopted, if it is considered that a higher output utilization rate will be required, the constitution adopts the above The vertical axis type hydroelectric generating device 10 under the condition of inequality (6) is better.

As described above, the upper and lower limits of the radius of curvature R of the corner portion 13b have been discussed. Secondly, the inventors further introduced other points of view and discussed the number of vanes. That is to say, the safety rate of the material with respect to the fatigue limit can be known according to the requirements of IEC61400-2, which is the safety standard for wind power generation with the same design requirements as the waterwheel, and the minimum safety rate must be ensured above 1.25. In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, a line indicating the safety rate of 1.25 is shown. Furthermore, it can be judged that the number of blades satisfying the safety ratio of 1.25 or more and satisfying the above inequalities (4) and (6) is 6 or less. However, when the number of blades is 6 pieces, it is also clear from FIG. 16 that since the ratio of a round corner 13b to the total length of the blades is less than about 10%, it shows that the safety rate is extremely reduced . Therefore, it can be concluded that the number of wheel blades is preferably 5 or less. Furthermore, this conclusion focuses on the invention described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6, that is, the effect of the exciting force (fatigue load) generated on the vane 13 of the waterwheel 11 due to the thrust of the water flow, and Considering that the number of wheel blades (3 to 5 pieces) derived from the total cost effect of the device based on the total cost effect based on the "waterwheel mechanical quality" and "bridge quality" and the increased cost effect based on the increase in the number of wheel blades, The validity of this verification experiment can be confirmed again.

In the above, the insights obtained through the studies of the inventors etc. described using FIGS. 3 to 16 are aggregated to obtain the following results.

That is, the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention includes: a generator that receives the rotational driving force from the water flow to generate electricity; and a vertical rotation axis that is rotatably connected to the generator and is oriented in the vertical direction Is suspended; and a plurality of vanes, which are arranged at substantially equal angular intervals along the circumferential direction around the vertical rotation axis; characterized in that the plurality of vanes are formed to extend in the vertical direction and are formed as A straight wing whose cross-sectional shape is composed of an airfoil shape, and the plural blades are viewed from the bottom surface side It consists of less than 5 blades.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention is composed of three to five blades when the plural blades are viewed from the bottom surface side.

In addition, in the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention, the plurality of blades are provided with a corner portion formed by a curved shape at any end portion extending in the vertical direction, and are configured such that the corner When the radius of curvature of the part is set to R, and the length of the entire blade including the corners is set to L, the following inequality is satisfied: 0.01L≦R≦0.20L.

In addition, in the vertical axis type hydraulic power generation device of the present invention, the inequality can be configured as: 0.01L≦R≦0.15L.

In addition, in the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention, the vanes may be provided with two corners formed by a curved shape at the upper and lower ends extending vertically, and the two The corners of the round corners are formed of the same size.

In addition, in the vertical axis type hydraulic power generation device of the present invention, the chord cycle ratio of the plurality of blades may be configured to be 0.1 to 0.29.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiments. Various changes or improvements can be added to the above embodiment.

For example, in the aforementioned embodiment, the plurality of vanes 13 provided around the vertical rotation shaft 20 are each configured as a straight wing extending over the entire length of the waterwheel 11 in the vertical direction. However, the plurality of vanes of the present invention, as long as they are formed to extend in the vertical direction and are formed into straight wings with a cross-sectional shape composed of an airfoil shape, and when the plurality of vanes are viewed from the bottom side, there are 5 vanes The following wheel blades may be used. That is, also It can be a water wheel of the following form: for example, first, the length of the blade is set to about half the length of the vertical direction of the water wheel 11, and two upper and lower stages of the blade are provided. However, when viewing a plurality of vanes from the bottom surface side, of course, it must be composed of 5 or less vanes.

In addition, for example, in FIGS. 14 to 16 illustrating the present embodiment, it has been described that the dimensions of the curvature radii R of the round corner portions 13b of the next pair formed on the vane 13 are set to the same value up and down. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned scope of the present embodiment. That is, the vane of the present invention may be configured such that the dimensions of the radius of curvature R of the corners of the corners are different sizes above and below the vane according to the installation environment of the vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device. For example, in the case where the flow velocity on the water surface side of the water channel is fast, and the flow velocity on the bottom surface side of the water channel is slower due to the resistance to the bottom surface of the water channel, the round corners that will be used to increase the strength on the upper side of the blade can be used The size of the radius of curvature R is increased, and the size of the radius of curvature R of the corner of the lower corner of the vane is set to be smaller than that of the upper side. Furthermore, since the installation environment of such a vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device will vary according to the installation environment of the material of the water channel (for example, concrete or soil) or the surface state in the water channel, the corner angle should be determined according to the installation environment The size condition of the department is sufficient.

According to the description of the scope of the patent application, it is clear that the above-mentioned changes or improvements can also be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

10‧‧‧Vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device

11‧‧‧Waterwheel

13‧‧‧blade

20‧‧‧Vertical axis of rotation

30‧‧‧Bearing support

50‧‧‧Generator

60‧‧‧Support

61‧‧‧Bridge

62‧‧‧Basic Department

100‧‧‧Vertical axis hydropower unit

Claims (6)

A vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device includes: a generator that receives rotational driving force from water flow to generate electricity; and a vertical rotation shaft that is rotatably connected to the generator and is suspended in a vertical direction Installation; and a plurality of vanes, which are arranged at substantially equal angular intervals along the circumferential direction around the vertical rotation axis; characterized in that: the plurality of vanes are formed to extend in the vertical direction and are formed as The straight blades of which the cross-sectional shape is composed of an airfoil shape, and when the plurality of blades are viewed from the bottom surface side, it is composed of 5 or less blades.

The outer shape formed by the glyphs, the plurality of vanes are provided with a round corner portion formed by a curved shape at any end extending in the vertical direction, and are configured to set the radius of curvature of the round corner portion When it is R, and the length of the entire vane including the corners of the corners is L, the following inequality is satisfied: 0.01L≦R≦0.20L. The vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of blades are composed of 3 to 5 blades when viewed from the bottom surface side. The vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the above inequality is constituted as: 0.01L≦R≦0.15L. The vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vanes are provided with upper and lower ends extending in the vertical direction, respectively Corners, and the two corners are formed by the same size. The vertical axis type hydroelectric power generating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chord cycle ratio of the plurality of vanes is 0.1 to 0.29. A vertical axis type hydroelectric power unit, characterized by comprising: the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device described in claim 1 or 2; a support body which supports when the vertical axis type hydroelectric power generation device is fixedly installed; and The bridge part is connected to the support body; and the bridge part is fixedly installed relative to the base part provided at the installation site.

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