TWI671072B - 曲氟尿苷(trifluridine)/替匹拉希(tipiracil)鹽酸鹽、抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子之間的新穎組合 - Google Patents
曲氟尿苷(trifluridine)/替匹拉希(tipiracil)鹽酸鹽、抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子之間的新穎組合 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於以下之間的組合: - FTD-TPI藥物, - 抗腫瘤鉑錯合物, - 及免疫檢查點調節子。 藥劑。
Description
本發明係關於一種抗腫瘤劑,其包含以下之組合:i)曲氟尿苷及替匹拉希鹽酸鹽,ii)抗腫瘤鉑錯合物,及iii)免疫檢查點調節子。
曲氟尿苷(別名:α,α,α-三氟胸苷;下文中亦稱作「FTD」)藉由併入腫瘤細胞之DNA中來引起DNA之功能抑制,且呈現抗腫瘤作用。同時,替匹拉希鹽酸鹽(化學名稱:5-氯-6-[(2-亞胺基吡咯啶-1-基)甲基]-嘧啶-2,4(1H
,3H
)-二酮鹽酸鹽;下文中亦稱作「TPI」)具有胸苷磷酸化酶抑制性作用。已知TPI防止由胸苷磷酸化酶引起的FTD活體內降解,由此增強FTD之抗腫瘤作用(Investigational New Drugs, 26(5), 445-454, 2008)。目前,以1:0.5之莫耳比包含FTD及TPI之抗腫瘤劑(下文中亦稱作「FTD-TPI藥物」或「TAS-102」)已作為實體癌之治療劑研發且在日本批准作為不可切除性晚期或復發性結腸直腸癌之治療劑,且在美國及歐洲在以商品名Lonsurf® (EMA/CHMP/130102/2016)作為此前已用可用療法治療之轉移性結腸直腸癌之治療劑,該等療法包括基於氟嘧啶、奧賽力鉑(oxaliplatin)及伊立替康(irinotecan)之化學療法、抗VEGF (血管內皮生長因子)劑及抗EGFR (表皮生長因子受體)劑。 FTD-TPI藥物及其用途已描述於例如專利EP763529中。 為了增強FTD-TPI藥物之抗腫瘤作用,已在臨床前實驗中研究組合療法,且研究提出與伊立替康、奧賽力鉑、多西他賽(docetaxel)或其類似物之積極的組合效果(European Journal of Cancer, 43(1), 175-183, 2007;British Journal of Cancer, 96(2), 231-240, 2007;Cancer Science, 99(11), 2302-2308, 2008)。 在臨床態樣中,已設想且評估大量組合,尤其在轉移性結腸直腸癌治療中。通常對具有良好機能狀態及足夠器官功能之患者提出第二線加強療法。已知使用奧賽力鉑及伊立替康之組合第二線療法優於最佳支持性護理,但結果仍然較差,其中中位無疾病進展存活期在5.7至7.4個月範圍內,且總中位存活期在12.5至14.5個月範圍內。因此,仍需要可提供更好的活性及更好的結果之新組合。 抗腫瘤鉑錯合物係含有鉑作為中心金屬之金屬錯合物化合物,且藉由結合至DNA來抑制DNA複製,由此發揮抗腫瘤作用。已長期研究鉑錯合物作為抗腫瘤劑,且臨床上使用順鉑(cisplatin)、卡鉑(carboplatin)、奧賽力鉑及其類似物對抗廣泛多種癌症類型(Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises, 69(6), 286-295, 2011)。亦已研究抗腫瘤鉑錯合物與各種抗腫瘤劑之組合使用。特定言之,廣泛採用與諸如5-氟尿嘧啶之抗代謝物之組合使用。 更特定言之,已證實在鼠微衛星穩定或錯配修復能力MSS/pMMR結腸直腸癌細胞株CT26中,FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑之組合與單獨服用奧賽力鉑或FTD-TPI藥物相比誘導更大量的免疫原性細胞死亡。此類型之細胞死亡的特徵在於質膜特性以及死亡癌細胞之微環境的細微生物化學變化之綱要(EMBO Journal, 2012, 31(5), 1055-1057;Nature Reviews Immunology, 2009, 9(5), 353-363)。此等變化包括: - 在細胞表面上鈣網蛋白(CRT)之凋亡前暴露,其促進由抗原呈現細胞吞噬一部分死亡細胞(Cell, 2005, 123(2), 321-334); - 高遷移率族匣1 (HMGB1)自細胞核之凋亡後釋放,其刺激抗原呈現(Nature Medicine, 2007, 13(9), 1050-1059); - 將作為細胞死亡所必需之ATP釋放視為免疫原性。 誘導免疫原性細胞死亡在刺激治療性免疫反應方面受到特別關注。用針對惡性細胞之核查點調節子誘導免疫原性細胞死亡與再活化專家免疫反應之組合應與改善疾病結果相關。核查點療法係針對癌症之有前景的方法,且由靶向免疫檢查點(諸如程式性細胞死亡蛋白1 (PD-1)、程式性細胞死亡1配位體1 (PD-L1)及細胞毒性T淋巴細胞抗原4 (CTLA4))組成。此類方法已藉由阻斷免疫抑制性信號且使得患者能夠產生有效抗腫瘤反應而在多種癌症中獲得顯著益處。以單劑形式投與之CTLA4、PD-1或PD-L1之抑制劑在一些患者中引起持久腫瘤消退,且PD-1與CTLA4抑制劑之組合可增強抗腫瘤益處。 抗PD-1免疫檢查點抑制劑已在患有微衛星不穩定或錯配修復不足MSI/dMMR結腸直腸癌之患者中展示令人鼓舞的結果(The New England Journal of Medicine, 2015, 372(26), 2509-2520),但MSI/dMMR僅代表轉移性情況中5%的患者(Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2013, 105(15), 1151-1156)。在MSI/dMMR患者中免疫檢查點抑制劑之活性可由產生多種腫瘤特異性新抗原之在MSI/dMMR腫瘤中較高突變負荷來解釋。對比而言,大部分患有MSS/pMMR結腸直腸癌之患者不對抗PD-1單一療法起反應(The New England Journal of Medicine, 2015, 372(26), 2509-2520)且研究包含能夠提高腫瘤免疫性之免疫療法藥物及化學療法之組合係必要的。
本發明提出一種新組合,其首先基於以特定治療(諸如FTD-TPI藥物及鉑錯合物)以增強腫瘤對免疫檢查點調節子反應來增加腫瘤免疫原性的機理。此類新組合治療將包括MSS/dMMR腫瘤癌症。 特別地,本申請人已展示與FTD-TPI藥物與免疫檢查點調節子組合或FTD-TPI藥物與抗腫瘤鉑錯合物雙重化療相比,FTD-TPI藥物與抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子之活體內組合在帶有CT26 MSS/dMMR結腸直腸癌之小鼠上顯示具有統計顯著性之較高存活。
根據本發明之第一態樣,提供一種組合,其包含: - FTD-TPI藥物, - 抗腫瘤鉑錯合物, - 及免疫檢查點調節子, 用於同時或依序治療用途。 在本發明之含義中同時治療用途意謂在本申請案中組合之三種組分同時間或在大體上相同的時間,亦即在24小時內投與,投與途徑相同或不同。 在本發明之含義中依序治療用途意謂在本申請案中組合之至少兩種組分在不同時間投與,投與途徑相同或不同。對於組合中之至少一種組分,在不同時間投與將較佳為24小時至14日後,且更佳為7至14日後。 在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種如本文所描述之組合,其係用於治療癌症。 更特定言之,本發明之組合將適用於治療食道癌、胃(gastric)癌、肝癌、膽囊/膽管癌、胃(stomach)癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、結腸直腸癌、卵巢癌、子宮癌、頭部及頸部癌、甲狀腺癌、肺癌、乳癌、膀胱癌、睪丸及攝護腺癌、肉瘤、皮膚癌、惡性淋巴瘤、急性白血病及腦腫瘤。有利地,本發明之組合將適用於治療結腸直腸癌,且更佳為轉移性結腸直腸癌。 可替代地,本發明之組合將適用於治療胃癌。 在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種分別或共同含有以下各者之藥劑: - FTD-TPI藥物, - 抗腫瘤鉑錯合物, - 及免疫檢查點調節子, 用於同時或依序投與,並且其中各組分以治療癌症之有效量提供。 「組合」係指用於組合投與而在一個單位劑型(例如膠囊、錠劑或藥囊)中之固定劑量組合、非固定劑量組合或分裝部分之套組,其中組分可分別獨立同時投與或在時間間隔內分開投與,尤其其中此等時間間隔允許組合搭配物顯示協同效應。 術語「固定劑量組合」意謂活性成分均以單一實體或劑量形式同時投與患者。 術語「非固定劑量組合」意謂活性成分呈分開獨實體形式同時或依序向患者投與,而無特定時間限制,其中此等投藥法可在患者活體內提供活性成分治療學上有效含量。 「癌症」意謂其中一群細胞呈現不受控生長之一類疾病。癌症類型包括血液癌(淋巴瘤及白血病)及實體腫瘤,包括癌瘤、肉瘤或胚細胞瘤。特定言之「癌症」係指食道癌、胃(gastric)癌、肝癌、膽囊/膽管癌、胃(stomach)癌、肝癌、膽囊-膽囊管癌、胰腺癌、結腸直腸癌、卵巢癌、頭部及頸部癌、肺癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、膀胱癌、睪丸及攝護腺癌、骨肉瘤、皮膚癌、惡性淋巴瘤、急性白血病及腦腫瘤、慢性白血病、神經管胚細胞瘤、視網膜胚細胞瘤、神經胚細胞瘤、威爾姆氏瘤(Wilm's tumor)、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin's disease)、多發性骨髓瘤、漿細胞瘤、胸腺瘤、基細胞癌、鱗狀癌、尤英氏瘤(Ewing's tumor)、甲狀腺癌、卵巢癌、唾液腺癌、畸胎瘤、惡性黑色素瘤、神經膠瘤、腎細胞癌、骨肉瘤。結腸直腸癌,且較佳地為轉移性結腸直腸癌,及以胃癌尤其較佳。 「治療週期」意謂根據決定的投與時程接受治療之時間期,其後藉由評估腫瘤反應來分析治療效果。 本發明之FTD-TPI藥物係關於一種含有莫耳比為1:0.5之FTD與TPI之組合。給藥方案通常如下:根據FTD以每日20至80 mg/m2
之常規劑量,每日分成兩份經口投與組合藥物持續五天,且隨後休息2天。重複此週期兩次,且隨後休息14天。 替代地,FTD-TPI藥物之給藥方案如下:根據FTD以每日20至80 mg/m2
之劑量分成兩份,每日投與FTD-TPI藥物連續五天,且隨後休息9天,得到14天的治療週期。 本發明中的「抗腫瘤鉑錯合物」之定義係常用一般技術知識之一部分,且抗腫瘤鉑錯合物可為任何具有鉑錯合物作為中心金屬且具有抗腫瘤活性之化合物。抗腫瘤鉑錯合物特定地由順鉑、卡鉑及奧賽力鉑例示。其中尤其較佳為奧賽力鉑。本發明之抗腫瘤鉑錯合物包括含有抗腫瘤鉑錯合物作為活性成分之藥物遞送系統(DDS)製劑(例如微胞順鉑及脂質奧賽力鉑)。 更特定言之,奧賽力鉑(化學名稱:[(1R,2R)-環己烷-1,2-二胺](乙烷草酸-O,O')鉑(II))係商品化為Eloxatin®之已知化合物。 在轉移性結腸直腸癌治療中奧賽力鉑之建議劑量為靜脈內60至90 mg/m²,且更佳為65至85 mg/m²,每2週重複一次直至疾病惡化或不可接受的毒性。 本發明之免疫檢查點調節子較佳為PD-1路徑拮抗劑、ICOS路徑拮抗劑、CTL-4路徑拮抗劑、CD28路徑拮抗劑或其組合。更佳地,本發明之免疫調節子為抗PD-1抗體、抗PD-L1抗體或其組合。本發明之較佳免疫調節子為納武單抗(nivolumab)、帕博利珠單抗(pembrolizumab)、皮立珠單抗(pidilizumab)、阿特珠單抗(atezolizumab)、德瓦魯單抗(durvalumab)及阿維魯單抗(avelumab)。本發明之最佳免疫調節子為納武單抗及帕博利珠單抗,且甚至更佳為納武單抗。納武單抗(Opdivo®)之建議劑量為每2週在60分鐘內靜脈內投與3 mg/kg。帕博利珠單抗(Keytruda®)通常每3週在30分鐘內以2 mg/kg靜脈內輸注形式投與。 組合之化合物可以依序或同時方式投與。依序方式應理解為組合之至少兩種組分在不同時間投與。依序較佳方式係其中組合之至少一種化合物將在兩種其他化合物之後開始,較佳為24小時至14日後,且更佳為7至14日後。 同時方式應理解為組合之三種組分在24小時內開始。 在本發明之組合中,將以各組分單獨投與時建議劑量的較佳50至100%之劑量以依序或同時方式投與各組分。 更特定言之,本發明組合將以同時方式投與。 一種有利的替代方案將為以依序方式投與。在彼情況下,組合之組分中之至少一種將在其他組分之後開始投與,較佳為24小時至14日後,且更佳為7至14日後。更佳地,在依序方式中,較晚開始之組分將為免疫檢查點調節子。 更佳地,將為FTD-TPI藥物及抗腫瘤鉑錯合物設想14天的治療週期,且免疫檢查點抑制劑將根據治療按建議在2至3週內投與。在每3週投與免疫檢查點抑制劑之情況下,考慮的治療週期將為六週治療。 有利地,14天的治療週期將為同時方式且將包括: - 第1日至第5日經口bid(一日兩次)投與FTD-TPI藥物,隨後為第6至第14日的9天恢復期; - 在第1日投與抗腫瘤鉑錯合物;及 - 在第1日投與免疫檢查點抑制劑。 更有利地,14天的治療週期將為同時方式且將包括: - 第1日至第5日,在早餐及晚餐完成後1小時內根據FTD以每劑量25、30或35 mg/m²之劑量經口bid(一日兩次)投與FTD-TPI藥物,隨後為第6日至第14日之9天恢復期; - 在第1日靜脈內投與建議劑量之抗腫瘤鉑錯合物,在輸注開始時同時在第1日早晨投與FTD-TPI藥物;及 - 靜脈內投與建議劑量之免疫檢查點調節子,在輸注開始時同時在第1日早晨投與FTD-TPI藥物。 甚至更佳地,14天的治療週期將為同時方式且將包括: - 第1日至第5日,在早餐及晚餐完成後1小時內根據FTD以每劑量25、30或35 mg/m²之劑量經口bid(一日兩次)投與FTD-TPI藥物,隨後為第6日至第14日之9天恢復期; - 在第1日以85或65 mg/m²,以2小時輸注形式靜脈內投與奧賽力鉑,在輸注開始時同時在第1日早晨投與FTD-TPI藥物;及 - 以3 mg/kg之劑量靜脈內投與納武單抗,在輸注開始時同時在第1日早晨投與FTD-TPI藥物。 在上述14天同時治療中,作為替代方案,組合中之一種組分可在其他兩種組分之後開始,引起依序方式投與。更特定言之,免疫檢查點免疫調節子可在投與鉑錯合物及FTD-TPI藥物之後開始。較佳地免疫檢查點免疫調節子治療可在24小時至14日後開始,且更佳為比其他兩種組分晚7至14日。 將重複14天的治療,只要治療組合有益於患者即可。在相關毒性之情況下,組合之組分中之一者可在其他兩種組分之前停止。 在根據本發明之醫藥組合物中,更尤其提及適於經口、非經腸、肌內及靜脈內、經皮膚或穿皮膚、經鼻、經直腸、經舌、經眼或呼吸道投與的組合物,更確切而言,錠劑、糖衣錠、舌下錠、明膠膠囊、舌含片(glossette)、膠囊、口含錠、注射劑、氣霧劑、眼或鼻滴劑、栓劑、乳膏、油膏、皮膚凝膠,等。 除活性成分之外,本發明之醫藥組合物包含一或多種選自稀釋劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、崩解劑、穩定劑、防腐劑、吸收劑、著色劑、甜味劑、調味劑等之賦形劑或載劑。 可提及而不暗示任何限制的實例包括: - 稀釋劑:乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、纖維素、甘油; - 潤滑劑:二氧化矽、滑石、硬脂酸及其鎂鹽與鈣鹽、聚乙二醇; - 黏合劑:矽酸鋁及矽酸鎂、澱粉、明膠、黃蓍、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉及聚乙烯吡咯啶酮; - 崩解劑:瓊脂、海藻酸及其鈉鹽、發泡性混合物。 相應的醫藥組合物可以立即或延遲釋放活性成分。此外,組合之化合物可呈各自包含其中一種活性成分之三個獨立醫藥組合物形式投與,或者改呈其中活性成分混合成單一醫藥組合物形式投與。 FTD-TPI藥物之使用劑量根據患者體表面、投藥途徑、癌症及任何相關療法之性質及觀測毒性變化。其將根據FTD以每日20至80 mg/m2
之範圍,每日分成二至四份投與。 抗腫瘤鉑錯合物之劑量將等於或小於當其獨自投與時所使用之劑量。作為實例,在奧賽力鉑之情況下,投與之劑量根據AUC(曲線下面積)決定,且在30至100 mg/m2
範圍內。 免疫調節子之劑量將等於或小於當其獨自投與時所使用之劑量。作為實例,在納武單抗之情況下,投與之劑量為1至20 mg/kg。醫藥組合物
Lonsurf® 包覆膜衣錠劑含有15 mg曲氟尿苷及6.14 mg替匹拉希(以鹽酸鹽形式)或20 mg曲氟尿苷及8.19 mg替匹拉希(以鹽酸鹽)形式作為活性物質。 其他成分為: - 錠劑核心:單水合乳糖、預糊化玉米澱粉、硬脂酸 - 膜衣: Lonsurf 15 mg/6.14 mg包覆膜衣錠劑:羥丙基甲基纖維素、聚乙二醇(8000)、二氧化鈦(E171)、硬脂酸鎂 Lonsurf 20 mg/8.19 mg包覆膜衣錠劑:羥丙基甲基纖維素、聚乙二醇(8000)、二氧化鈦(E171)、氧化鐵紅(E172)、硬脂酸鎂 印刷油墨:蟲膠、氧化鐵紅(E172)、氧化鐵黃(E172)、二氧化鈦(E171)、靛藍胭脂紅鋁色澱(E132)、巴西棕櫚蠟、滑石 Eloxatin® 5 mg/ml之奧賽力鉑濃度,對於用於輸注之溶液 注射用水 Opdivo® 10 mg/ml之納武單抗濃度,對於用於輸注之溶液二水合檸檬酸鈉 氯化鈉 甘露醇(E421) 三胺五乙酸(二伸乙三胺五乙酸) 聚山梨醇酯80 氫氧化鈉(用於pH值調整) 鹽酸(用於pH值調整) 注射用水 Keytruda® 50 mg帕博利珠單抗(凍乾粉末),對於用於輸注之溶液 L-組胺酸 L-組胺酸鹽酸鹽單水合物 蔗糖 聚山梨醇酯-80 在重組之後,1 ml溶液含有25 mg帕博利珠單抗臨床前研究 A) 在體外腫瘤細胞中 FTD-TPI 藥物及奧賽力鉑對誘導免疫原性細胞死亡之影響
研究目標為評估在活體外鼠MSS/pMMR CT26結腸直腸癌細胞中,單獨或與奧賽力鉑組合之FTD-TPI藥物(TAS-102)誘導免疫原性細胞死亡之潛力。首先在不同時間點(24 h及48 h),在根據FTD以500、50、5、0.5或0.05 μM之劑量的TAS-102 (具有或不具有500、50、5、0.5或0.05 μM之劑量的奧賽力鉑)暴露之後監測細胞反應之分析。FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑組合比為1:1。已藉由在96孔培養盤中對黏附細胞染色分析藥物反應(結晶紫)。 在時間點「48 h」在24孔培養盤中選取三種劑量藉由結晶紫染色且藉由流式細胞量測術(磷脂結合蛋白-V/7AAD(7-胺基-放線菌素D))來測試對細胞死亡之誘導。 在此等分析之後分析後續免疫原性細胞死亡(ICD)相關標記物: - 藉由流式細胞量測術(48 h)分析原生質膜鈣網蛋白(CRT)呈示 - 藉由ELISA (Chondrex)分析高遷移率族匣1 (HMGB1)分泌 - 藉由螢光測定法(Promega)測定ATP分泌 已用兩種不同FTD-TPI藥物濃度與或不與奧賽力鉑組合進行ICD標記物分析。米托蒽醌用作陽性對照物。 已測試真核始動因子2(EIF2-α)表現及磷酸化以用ICD誘導之額外標誌確認結果。此確認對驗證在用於活體內實驗之CT26模型中之ICD誘導係重要的。 相比於對照物(米托蒽醌)或單獨的奧賽力鉑或單獨的FTD-TPI藥物,在鼠MSS/pMMR結腸直腸癌細胞系CT26中用FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑組合治療引起發出作為免疫細胞死亡特徵的損傷相關分子樣式(諸如鈣網蛋白細胞表面暴露、EIF2α暴露及磷酸化、高遷移率族匣1 (HMGB1)及ATP釋放)較高(見圖1a、1b、1c)。B) 在活體內腫瘤中 FTD-TPI 藥物及奧賽力鉑對免疫原性細胞死亡誘導之影響
研究目標為評估在MSS/pMMR CT26結腸直腸癌異種移植小鼠中,單獨或與奧賽力鉑組合之FTD-TPI藥物(TAS-102)誘導活體內免疫原性細胞死亡(ICD)之潛力。CT26腫瘤細胞注入Balb/c小鼠右側腹中(1×106
個細胞)。在腫瘤植入十日之後,小鼠經隨機化且接受FTD/TPI (經口,150 mg/kg/d)及/或奧賽力鉑(腹膜內,6 mg/kg/w)3日。瘤內注射小紅莓(Doxorubicin)(3 mg/kg/w)用作陽性對照。在腫瘤植入13日之後藉由免疫化學評估ICD標記物腫瘤中細胞質HMGB1且藉由西方墨點法評估pEIF2α/EIF2α比。FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑之組合誘導活體內協同性免疫原性細胞死亡,其由在腫瘤異種移植中HMGB1細胞質釋放及pEIF2α磷酸化證明(見圖2,對於HMGB1 p<0.01對任一單獨藥物;對於pEIF2α p<0.01對奧賽力鉑;對於pEIF2α p<0.001對FTD-TPI)。C) 在活體內腫瘤中 FTD-TPI 藥物及奧賽力鉑對 CD8-T 細胞浸潤及 CD8-T 細胞功能之影響
研究目標為評估在MSS/pMMR CT26結腸直腸癌異種移植小鼠中單獨或與奧賽力鉑組合之FTD-TPI藥物(TAS-102)對誘導活體內CD8-T細胞浸潤之潛能及藉由TNFα及INFγ表現評估CD8-T細胞之功能。CT26腫瘤細胞注入Balb/c小鼠右側腹中(1×106
個細胞)。在腫瘤植入十日之後,小鼠經隨機化且接受FTD/TPI(經口,150 mg/kg/d)及/或奧賽力鉑(腹膜內,6 mg/kg/w)4日。在腫瘤植入18日之後用流式細胞儀進行腫瘤CD8-T細胞浸潤分析。與對照小鼠(p<0.05)相比FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑之組合誘導活體內顯著CD8-T細胞腫瘤浸潤。在FTD-TPI及奧賽力鉑治療之後CD8-T細胞浸潤與提高的INFγ表現相關(見圖3)。 總體結果表明用FTD-TPI及奧賽力鉑治療能夠誘導ICD,其有利於CD8-T細胞浸潤及活化,展示對腫瘤細胞之適應免疫反應。腫瘤免疫學之基礎原理為可由細胞毒性CD8-T細胞消除(Schreiber等人, 2011, Science 331(6024), 1565-1570;Gajewski等人, 2013, Nat. Immunol., 14(10), 1014-1022;Schumacher及Schreiber, 2015, Science 348(6230), 69-74)。此等細胞可受制於各種抑止機制,包括抑制性免疫檢查點受體表現。免疫檢查點抑制劑阻止此免疫抑止信號且允許腫瘤特異性T細胞保持活化且殺滅腫瘤細胞。不具有抗原呈現或不含T細胞之腫瘤明顯不大可能對免疫檢查點抑制劑起反應。藉由調節抗癌免疫性,FTD-TPI與奧賽力鉑組合具有擴大可受益於免疫檢查點抑制劑之患者之數目的潛力。D) 使用帶有鼠結腸直腸癌 (CRC) 之小鼠的 FTD-TPI 藥物與奧賽力鉑及抗小鼠 PD-1 單株抗體組合之抗腫瘤功效
此研究係使用帶有鼠結腸直腸癌(CRC)之小鼠,以存活參數作為終點評估FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑及抗小鼠PD-1單株抗體(純系RMP1-14)組合之抗腫瘤功效。已測試抗小鼠PD-1投與依序以評估順序是否制約功效。對活體內研究測試的順序為依序或同時且定義於如下文所述之小鼠模型及圖4中。 同時時程: - 在4週期間內每週第1日至第5日投與TAS-102; - 在第2 (在第1日投與Tas-102的24小時內)、9、16及25日投與奧賽力鉑; - 每週第1、3及5日投與抗小鼠PD-1抗體。 依序時程: - 在4週期間內每週第1日至第5日投與TAS-102; - 在第2 (在第1日投與Tas-102 24小時內)、9、16及25日投與奧賽力鉑; - 在第8、10及12日,隨後每週一次投與抗小鼠PD-1抗體。 一百五十(150)隻免疫感受態BALB/c小鼠已注入再懸浮於不含FBS(胎牛血清)之100 μl RPMI(洛斯維·帕克紀念研究所(Roswell Park Memorial Institute)培養基)中的一百萬個CT-26細胞。一旦腫瘤到達目標體積(50-70mm3
),則使用Servier軟體將一百五十(150)隻中的一百(100)隻隨機分入5個組(N= 20隻/組)且如圖4所示在4週期間已投與治療。 一週監測三次腫瘤尺寸及小鼠重量。在腫瘤體積超過2500 mm3
時評估存活。在活體內TAS-102 + 奧賽力鉑、TAS-102 + 抗PD-1或TAS-102 + 奧賽力鉑 + 抗PD-1展現對腫瘤生長適中的治療效果,如圖5所示。 然而,值得注意的是使用帶有鼠CT26 MSS/pMMR結腸直腸癌(CRC)之小鼠在4週期間依序或同時投與的FTD-TPI與奧賽力鉑及抗小鼠PD-1單株抗體之組合與FTD-TPI與抗小鼠PD-1組合(分別為p<0.05及p<0.001)或FTD-TPI藥物與奧賽力鉑雙重化療(分別為p<0.02及p<0.0001)相比顯示較高統計顯著存活。見圖6。臨床研究
計劃在轉移性結腸直腸癌(mCRC)中TAS-102與奧賽力鉑及納武單抗組合之臨床I期劑量遞增研究。 三重組合將基於14個連續日之治療週期在至少35位接受如下TAS-102、奧賽力鉑及納武單抗之可評估患者中評估: - TAS-102將在第1日至第5日早餐及晚餐完成後1小時內以不同劑量(每劑量25 mg/m²、30 mg/m²及35 mg/m²,取決於研究劑量含量及耐受性)經口bid(一日兩次)投與。隨後為第6日開始至第14日之9天恢復期。 - 奧賽力鉑將在各治療週期第1日以不同劑量(取決於研究劑量含量及耐受性85 mg/m²或65 mg/m²)以2小時輸注形式靜脈內投與。輸注開始將同時在第1日早晨投與TAS-102。 - 納武單抗將在各治療週期中在第1日或之後以依序投與形式以3mg/kg之劑量靜脈內投與。 將治療患者直至疾病惡化、不可接受的毒性、研究者決定或患者拒絕。 當所有患者中止治療或納入最後患者12個月之後(無論哪個先發生)時研究視為完成。 將在整個研究期間中進行腫瘤評估且使用經修訂實體腫瘤反應評估指標(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, RECIST)指標(版本1.1,2009)分析。將對因除疾病惡化外之原因退出研究之患者記錄疾病惡化日期及/或死亡日期。 將由電腦斷層攝影術掃描(CT掃描)進行腫瘤評估: - 在第一次攝入研究藥物之前28日內之基線, - 在D6-D14之間每4個循環, - 在研究者判斷之停藥訪視。
圖1a、1b及1c:FTD-TPI藥物及奧賽力鉑暴露對誘導免疫原性細胞死亡之影響之分析;鈣網蛋白(CRT)暴露及ATP釋放(圖1a)、高遷移率族匣1(HMGB1)釋放(圖1b)及真核始動因子2(EIF2-α)磷酸化(圖1c)。 圖2:在異種移植小鼠中FTD-TPI藥物及奧賽力鉑暴露對誘導免疫原性細胞死亡之影響之分析。a)細胞質HMGB1;b)腫瘤pEIF2α/EIF2α比。 圖3:在活體內腫瘤中FTD-TPI藥物及奧賽力鉑暴露對CD8-T細胞浸潤之影響之分析。 圖4:投與FTD-TPI藥物、奧賽力鉑及抗小鼠PD-1抗體之時程。 圖5:在帶有鼠CT26 MSS/pMMR結腸直腸癌之小鼠中FTD-TPI藥物、奧賽力鉑及抗小鼠PD-1抗體之組合之體重及腫瘤生長。 圖6:在帶有鼠CT26 MSS/pMMR結腸直腸癌之小鼠中暴露於FTD-TPI藥物、奧賽力鉑及抗小鼠PD-1抗體之組合之存活。
Claims (27)
- 一種包含FTD-TPI藥物、抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子之組合。
- 如請求項1之組合,其中該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物係選自順鉑(cisplatin)、卡鉑(carboplatin)及奧賽力鉑(oxaliplatin)。
- 如請求項1之組合,其中該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物為奧賽力鉑。
- 如請求項1之組合,其中該免疫檢查點調節子係選自抗PD-1抗體或抗PD-L1抗體。
- 如請求項1之組合,其中該免疫檢查點調節子係選自納武單抗(nivolumab)及帕博利珠單抗(pembrolizumab)。
- 如請求項1之組合,其中該免疫檢查點調節子為納武單抗。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合,其係用於治療癌症。
- 如請求項7之組合,其中該癌症為結腸直腸癌或胃癌。
- 如請求項7之組合,其中該癌症為轉移性結腸直腸癌。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合,其進一步包含一或多種賦形劑。
- 一種FTD-TPI藥物用於製造用以治療癌症之藥物之用途,其中該藥物係與抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子組合使用。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該癌症為結腸直腸癌或胃癌。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該癌症為轉移性結腸直腸癌。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該藥物、抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子係用於同時或依序治療用途。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該藥物係用於與抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及免疫檢查點調節子以依序或同時方式投與,其劑量較佳係各組分單獨投與時之建議劑量的50至100%。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該藥物係用於與該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及該免疫檢查點調節子同時投與。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該藥物係用於與該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及該免疫檢查點調節子依序投與。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該免疫檢查點免疫調節子之投與比該藥物及該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物之投與更晚開始。
- 如請求項11之用途,其特徵在於該藥物係用於與該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及該免疫檢查點調節子在14天治療週期期間投與。
- 如請求項19之用途,其特徵在於該藥物係用於以根據FTD每日20至80mg/m2之劑量,每日分成兩份經口投與該藥物連續五天,且隨後休息9天。
- 如請求項19之用途,其特徵在於該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物為奧賽力鉑且係用於經靜脈內投與60至90mg/m2之劑量,每2週重複一次。
- 如請求項19之用途,其特徵在於該免疫檢查點調節子為納武單抗且係用於每2週經靜脈內投與3mg/kg之劑量。
- 如請求項11之用途,其特徵在於該藥物係用於與該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及該免疫檢查點調節子在14天的治療週期期間投與,其包括:第1日至第5日,根據FTD以每劑量25、30或35mg/m2之劑量經口bid(一日兩次)投與該藥物,隨後為第6日至第14日之9天恢復期;在第1日投與85或65mg/m2之奧賽力鉑;及在第1日或24小時至14日後投與3mg/kg劑量之納武單抗。
- 如請求項11之用途,其特徵在於該藥物係用於與該抗腫瘤鉑錯合物及該免疫檢查點調節子在14天的治療週期期間投與,其包括:第1日至第5日在早餐及晚餐完成後1小時內根據FTD以每劑量25、30或35mg/m2之劑量bid(一日兩次)經口投與該藥物,隨後為第6日至第14日之9天恢復期;在第1日以85或65mg/m2,以2小時輸注形式靜脈內投與奧賽力鉑,該輸注係與第1日早晨投與該藥物同時開始;及以3mg/kg之劑量靜脈內投與納武單抗,在輸注係與第1日早晨投與該藥物同時開始或在第1日早晨投與該藥物隨後24小時至14日依序開始。
- 如請求項23或24之用途,其特徵在於納武單抗係用於在第1日投與。
- 如請求項23或24之用途,其特徵在於納武單抗係用於在第1日之後24小時至14日投與。
- 如請求項19至24中任一項之用途,其特徵在於重複該14天的治療,只要該治療組合有益於患者即可。
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