TWI657791B - Ophthalmic surgical instrument with internal frame and external coating - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a surgical device may include generating a first internal frame defining an internal structure of an instrument tip; and covering at least a portion of the first internal frame with a first coating to define an exterior of the instrument tip. A surface; and creating an instrument body such that a proximal end of the instrument tip is located at a distal end of the instrument body. An ophthalmic surgical instrument may include: an instrument main body; and an instrument tip disposed at a distal end of the instrument main body, the instrument tip including a first portion extending linearly along a longitudinal axis of the instrument main body, and a portion extending from the first portion A second portion extending obliquely, the shape of the second portion is arcuate; and wherein the instrument tip includes a first inner frame and a first coating covering the first inner frame.

Description

Ophthalmic surgery instrument with internal frame and external coating

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to ophthalmic surgical instruments. More specifically, the embodiments described herein relate to an instrument tip having an inner frame defining an internal structure and an outer coating defining an outer surface.

An ophthalmic surgical instrument may include a complex distal tip used by a surgeon to manipulate the patient's anatomy (eg, one or more layers of the patient's eye). The design of these instrument tips can be a combination of a free-form surface defined by a small edge radius and other demanding design features. Generally, these device tips are manufactured manually using a manual process. For example, the tip of these instruments can be manually rolled, bent, ground, polished, etc. to process and ensure that the surface is smooth and free of cutting edges or burrs. Therefore, manufacturing can be extremely laborious and time consuming.

These instrument tips are usually made of all-metal (e.g., stainless steel) to ensure that the component has the proper flexural rigidity. In addition, the metal instrument tip can directly contact the patient's anatomy. As a result, the materials used can have stringent technical requirements (e.g., flexibility, rigidity, porosity, hardness, density, etc.), resulting in high currency expenditures. Due to the high material and manufacturing costs in terms of money and time, it is not economically feasible to manufacture disposable or single-use instrument tips.

Microsurgical instruments are also difficult to manufacture by hand and simultaneously meet the required technical requirements because they are extremely small. For example, in valveless refractive surgery, an ophthalmic surgical instrument The lens manipulator can be used to delaminate the microlenses after treating the cornea with a UV femtolaser. A surgical instrument may be characterized by the complex shape of the tips of its individual layers for manipulating the eye. Other ophthalmic surgical instruments may similarly include sophisticated tip designs with high technical requirements.

The proposed solution utilizes unique solutions to meet unmet medical needs to provide an ophthalmic surgical instrument tip with an internal frame and an external coating, which can be manufactured faster and more cost-effectively, while producing Complex shapes and meet the required technical requirements.

Consistent with certain embodiments, a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument includes: generating a first internal frame defining an internal structure of the instrument tip; and covering at least a portion of the first internal frame with a first coating to define the instrument tip An outer surface of the instrument; and generating an instrument body having a proximal end and a distal end such that the proximal end of the instrument tip is located at the distal end of the instrument body.

Consistent with certain embodiments, an ophthalmic surgical instrument includes: an instrument body having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis; and an instrument tip disposed at a distal end of the instrument body, the instrument tip including a longitudinal direction along the instrument body The first portion extending axially and the second portion extending obliquely from the first portion are arcuate in shape; and wherein the instrument tip includes a first inner frame and a first coating covering the first inner frame.

Consistent with certain embodiments, a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument includes generating an internal frame defining an internal structure of an instrument tip having a distal end, a linear first portion, and an arcuate second portion extending obliquely from the first portion. And a flat portion located at the distal end; using a coating to produce an instrument body having a longitudinal axis and the outer surface of the instrument body including surface features; and, while generating the instrument body, covering the inner frame with a coating, To define the outer surface of the instrument tip, wherein the cross-sectional profile of the inner frame and coating in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the instrument body defines different shapes along at least a portion of the longitudinal axis.

Other aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description.

100, 200, 300‧‧‧ methods

110, 120, 130, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 310, 320‧‧‧ steps

400‧‧‧ Ophthalmic surgery instruments

420‧‧‧device body

422‧‧‧Main Internal Frame

424‧‧‧Coated

426‧‧‧Remote

430‧‧‧Vertical axis

440‧‧‧ instrument tip

442‧‧‧ sophisticated internal frame

444‧‧‧Coated

446‧‧‧Part I

448‧‧‧ Attachment

450‧‧‧ Part Two

452‧‧‧ flat section

454‧‧‧Remote

456‧‧‧ proximal

460‧‧‧Unified internal framework

FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the internal frame of the instrument tip of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 5a is a diagram illustrating the instrument tip of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 5b is a diagram illustrating the instrument tip of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of the instrument tip of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Fig. 7a is a diagram illustrating an instrument body of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 7b is a diagram illustrating the internal frame of the instrument body of the ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Fig. 7c is a diagram illustrating the instrument main body of the ophthalmic surgical instrument.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a unified internal frame of an instrument tip and an instrument body of an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 9a is a diagram illustrating an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

Figure 9b is a diagram illustrating an ophthalmic surgical instrument.

In the drawings, elements with the same name have the same or similar functions.

In the following description, specific details are described that describe certain embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosed embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. The specific embodiments presented are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Cooked Those skilled in the art will recognize that other materials, although not explicitly described herein, are within the scope and spirit of this disclosure.

The present disclosure describes an ophthalmic surgical instrument tip having a metal skeleton or internal frame covered with plastic or a coating. The internal frame ensures that technical requirements for flexibility and / or rigidity are met, while the complex external contour of the instrument tip can be defined by a coating. Devices made in accordance with the present disclosure can be used in refractive surgery, cataract surgery, vitreoretinal surgery, and / or other ophthalmic surgery procedures.

The internal frame can be manufactured using relatively inexpensive components such as blanks, wire erosion or metal injection molded (MIM) metal parts. The inner frame can be used as an insert in an injection molding process that covers the inner frame with a coating to define the outer contour. This disclosure describes the manufacture of devices that have technical properties comparable to handmade devices, but with lower materials and manufacturing costs. Therefore, it is more feasible to make disposable or disposable devices.

The devices, systems, and methods of this disclosure provide many advantages, including: (1) faster, less labor-intensive, and more cost-effective manufacturing based on relatively simple materials / industrial processing compared to manual processing; (2) more Cost-effective materials, such as low-cost bulk goods with less stringent technical requirements; (3) the use of injection molding for unlimited design complexity; (4) the use of established materials / industrial processing (die cutting, bending, injection molding) Etc.), high processing stability; (6) the use of the same processing steps, flexibility in manufacturing multiple components of the device such as the main body and the tip; (7) automated manufacturing using established materials / industrial processing; and (8) Flexibility in selecting internal frame and external coating materials based on surgical purpose.

1 to 3 provide flowcharts of methods 100, 200, and 300 of manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument 400 ( FIGS. 9a and 9b, respectively ). The methods 100, 200, and 300 can be further understood with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9b , which illustrate the instrument 400 in various stages of the methods 100, 200, and 300. Figures 9a and 9b can illustrate a fully assembled instrument 400. The instrument 400 includes an instrument main body 420 and an instrument tip 440. The method 100 may describe the manufacture of an instrument 400 in which the instrument tip 440 includes and the instrument body 420 does not include an inner frame and an outer coating. The methods 100 and 200 may describe the manufacture of an instrument 400 in which the instrument body 420 and the instrument tip 440 each include an inner frame and an outer coating. In the method 100, the instrument body 420 and the instrument tip 440 are separate components, and in the method 200, the instrument body and the instrument tip are single components.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the method 100 includes generating an internal frame of the instrument tip at step 110. The method 100 further includes, under step 120, covering the inner frame of the tip with a first coating to define an outer surface of the instrument tip. As Figures 4 to 6 and 8 to 9b, the tip of the instrument 440 has a size and shape suitable for a plurality of layers or during a surgical procedure in contact with the patient's eye. The tip internal frame 442 may define the internal structure of the instrument tip 440. The coating 444 may define an outer surface of the instrument tip 440. Using a coating to define the outer surface may allow for the creation of complex tip shapes (as compared to, for example, rolling, bending, filing, and polishing all-metal instrument tip 440) in a faster and more cost-effective manner. At the same time, the tip inner frame 442 may provide the flexibility and / or rigidity necessary for the instrument tip 440 when the coating 444 is in contact with the patient's anatomy during a surgical procedure. Providing the necessary flexibility and / or rigidity may allow movement of the surgeon's hand to be transmitted to the instrument tip. The coating 444 provides additional flexibility and / or rigidity. The coating 444 may also be selected to meet various technical requirements, including, for example, surface roughness, surface structure, porosity, hardness, density, and the like.

The tip inner frame 442 may be made of or include a first material, such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, composite, polymer, plastic, elastomer, and / or any other suitable material. This first material may be selected so that the instrument tip 440 is flexible and / or rigid enough for a surgical procedure. Because the coating 444 directly contacts the patient's anatomy rather than the tip internal frame 442, and because the coating 444 additionally meets the technical requirements of the instrument tip 440, cost-effective materials can be selected for the tip internal frame 442 (e.g., the technical requirements are not Too strict Low-cost bulk goods).

Covering the tip inner frame 442 (step 120) may include injection molding using a first coating 444 such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, composite, polymer, plastic, elastomer, and / or any other suitable material. The coating 444 may be selected according to the purpose of the surgery. For example, using a non-metallic coating 444 may provide lower friction between the instrument tip 440 and the patient's anatomy (e.g., corneal stroma). The tip inner frame 442 can be used as an insert in an injection molding process. In other embodiments, the tip inner frame 442 may be covered with a coating 444 using other materials / industrial processes.

In some embodiments, the tip inner frame 442 may be solid. Accordingly, covering the tip inner frame 442 with the coating 444 (step 120) includes wrapping the tip inner frame 442 with the coating 444. In some embodiments, the tip inner frame 442 may include a space permeable to the coating 444. Accordingly, covering the tip inner frame 442 with the coating 444 (step 120) may include filling the space with the coating 444 and enclosing the tip inner frame 442.

The instrument tip 440 may have different shapes in different embodiments depending on, for example, the requirements of the instrument for different surgical procedures. For example, one or more portions of the instrument tip 440 may be straight, angled, curved, bowed, etc .; include hooks and the like; and / or define tweezers, blades, scissors, etc. The tip internal frame 442 may define any shape of internal structure required for the instrument tip 440. The coating 444 may define an outer surface of any shape required by the instrument tip 440. Described herein is an exemplary embodiment of an instrument tip 440 for valveless refractive surgery. It should be understood that the teachings of this disclosure can be applied to various instruments used in different ophthalmic surgical procedures and other medical procedures.

As FIG. 4,5a and the tip of the inner frame shown in FIG. 5b 442 may include a first portion 446 and second portion 450. The second portion 450 may be used by a surgeon to manipulate the patient's anatomy during a surgical procedure. The first portion 446 may be substantially linear and extend along the longitudinal axis 430 ( FIGS. 9a and 9b ) of the instrument body 420. The second portion 450 may extend obliquely from the first portion 446. The second portion 450 may be bowed. In some embodiments, the second portion 450 of the tip inner frame 442 may be linear and the coating 444 may cover the second portion 450 of the tip inner frame 442 such that the outer contour of the second portion 450 is arcuate. In some embodiments, only the second portion 450 is covered with a coating 444. In some embodiments, the first and second portions 446 and 450 are both covered by a coating 444. The first and second portions 446 and 450 may have different shapes for different surgical instruments. For example, the second portion 450 may be angled, including a hook and the like.

The shape of the tip inner frame 442 may be similar to the desired outer contour of the instrument tip 440. However, the shape of the tip inner frame 442 may be simpler than the final outer outline. For example, one or more surface features of the outer surface (eg, a constant small edge radius at the distal end 454) may be defined by the coating 444 without being repeated in the tip inner frame 442. In some embodiments, the coating 444 defines a smooth outer contour of the instrument tip 400. In certain embodiments, the coating 444 may define one or more surface features at the distal end 454. Such surface features may include protrusions, depressions, grooves, ridges, stripes, bumps, and / or other texture features. Such surface features may alter the friction and / or contact between the instrument tip 440 and the patient's anatomy compared to when the coating 444 defines a smooth outer contour.

The tip internal frame 442 may include a proximal end 456 and a distal end 454. The distal end 454 of the tip inner frame 442 may include a flat portion 452. The flat portion 452 may have different shapes in different embodiments, for example, substantially circular, rectangular, oval, hexagonal, polygonal, a combination thereof, or any other outline. Compared to other parts of the instrument tip 440, the flat portion 452 covered by the coating 444 may have additional surface area for contacting the patient's anatomy. This additional surface may facilitate manipulation of one or more layers, such as the patient's eye, during a surgical procedure. The size (e.g., radius or width) of the flat portion 452 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 430 ( FIGS. 9a and 9b ) may be larger than the size (e.g., radius or width) of the first and / or second portions 446 and 450 size. The coating 444 may define a flat portion 452. For example, as shown in Figure 5a, in certain embodiments, the coating 444 defining inner and outer flat portion 452 of the inner frame 442 so that the tip does not penetrate the flat portion 452. As shown in FIG. 5b, in some embodiments, the tip of the internal frame 442 (e.g., the second portion 450) through the flat portion 452. In various embodiments, the instrument tip 440 may have a length between about 1 mm and 50 mm, 10 mm and 40 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm, and 30 mm and 40 mm. In various embodiments, the instrument tip 440 may have a diameter between about 0.1 mm and 2 mm, 0.1 mm and 1 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, and 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. In various embodiments, the coating 444 may have a thickness at the distal end 454 of the instrument tip 440 of between about 0.01 mm and 1 mm, 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm, 0.01 mm and 0.25 mm, and 0.01 mm and 0.15 mm.

The tip inner frame 442 may have a cross section that is circular, rectangular, oval, polygonal, a combination thereof, or any other contour in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 430 ( FIGS. 9a and 9b ). For example, as shown in Figure 6 (5a and 5b a cross-sectional view thereof along line AA of FIG.), The tip of the inner frame 442 having a rounded rectangular cross section. Similarly, the coating 444 may have a cross-section that is circular, rectangular, oval, polygonal, a combination thereof, or any other contour in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 430 ( FIGS. 9a and 9b ). For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the coating 444 has an oval cross-section. Thus, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the cross-sectional profile of the tip of the inner frame 442 and the coating 444 define a different shape. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional profiles of the tip inner frame 442 and the coating 444 define the same or similar shapes (eg, both oval, rectangular, etc.).

Referring again to FIG. 1 , step 130 of method 100 may include generating an instrument body. As FIG. 7A,, the instrument body, 7b 9a and 9b as shown in 420 for having a user (e.g., surgeon) the size and shape of the grip during a surgical procedure. The instrument body 420 may be a single component. For example, as shown in Figure 7a, using no inner frame or outer coating of the instrument body 420. The instrument body 420 of Fig. 7a may be formed manually or mechanically. For example, manufacturing the instrument body 420 may include turning (eg, on a lathe), injection molding, grinding, 3D printing, or any other suitable manufacturing method. In some embodiments, the instrument 420 may be a metal component. In some embodiments, the first coating 444 may be used to define the instrument body 420. The coating 424 and / or the coating 444 may be described as a molding material, such as a molding material used in an injection molding process. For example, the internal structure and external surface of the instrument body 420 may be defined by the first coating 444. The instrument body 420 may be solid or hollow. In some embodiments, the instrument body 420 is produced using an injection molding process or other suitable material / industrial process. Covering the tip inner frame 442 with the first coating 444 (step 120) may occur substantially simultaneously (e.g., during the same processing step) as generating the instrument body 420 (step 130). The tip inner frame 442 can be used as an insert mold for injection molding. The thin layer of the first coating 444 may cover the tip inner frame 442 with the first coating 444 to define the outer surface of the distal end 454, and the instrument body 420 may be molded into a single piece with the first coating 444. In one embodiment, the instrument 400 ( FIG. 9a ) may be so formed. The method 100 may additionally include one or more processing steps (eg, polishing, laser marking, sterilization, packaging, etc.).

FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument having an instrument body and an instrument tip each including an inner frame and an outer coating. Step 210 of method 200 may include generating an internal frame of the instrument tip. Step 220 of method 200 may further include covering the inner frame of the tip with an outer coating to define an outer surface. The tip internal frame 442 may be generated in a manner similar to that described for step 110 ( FIG. 1 ) of method 100. For example, the tip inner frame 442 may be made of or include metal, metal alloys, ceramics, composites, polymers, plastics, elastomers, and / or any other suitable materials. The tip inner frame 442 may be covered with an outer coating in a manner similar to that described for step 120 (FIG. 1) of method 100. For example, covering the tip inner frame 442 (step 220) may include injection molding using a coating such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, composite, polymer, plastic, elastomer, and / or any other suitable material.

Step 230 of method 200 may include generating an internal frame of the instrument body. Figures 7b , 7c and 9b illustrate the main body inner frame 422. The main body inner frame 422 may define an internal structure of the instrument main body 420. Step 240 ( FIG. 2 ) of method 200 may further include covering the main body inner frame with a second coating to define an outer surface of the instrument main body. The steps 230 and 240 related to the body inner frame 422 and the corresponding coating 424 of the instrument body may be similar to steps 210 and 220 for the tip inner frame 442 and the corresponding coating 444. For example, the main body inner frame 422 may be made of or include a second material such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, composite, polymer, plastic, elastomer, and / or any other suitable material. The main body inner frame 422 and the tip inner frame 442 may use the same material or different materials. Covering the main body inner frame 422 (step 240) may include injection using a second coating 424 ( FIGS. 7c and 9b ) such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, composite, polymer, plastic, elastomer, and / or any other suitable material forming. The first coating layer 444 and the second coating layer 424 may be the same or different.

As shown in Figure 7b, 7c and 9b, the internal shape of the body frame 422 may be similar to the instrument body 420 of a desired outer contour. However, the shape of the main body inner frame 422 may be simpler than the final outer outline. For example, one or more surface features defined by the coating 424 to enhance the user's grip on the instrument body 420 may be omitted from the body inner frame 422. The coating 424 may define a structured surface (eg, roughened, raised edges, raised / concave, cone, other surface features, and / or combinations thereof) on the instrument body 420.

Referring again to FIG. 2 , step 250 of method 200 may include engaging the instrument tip with the instrument body. In some embodiments, the tip inner frame 442 may be engaged with the main body inner frame 422. For example, the proximal end 456 of the tip inner frame 442 may be mechanically coupled to the distal end 426 of the main body inner frame 422 via an attachment mechanism 448 ( FIG. 4 ). The attachment mechanism 448 may be configured at the proximal end 456 of the tip inner frame 442. The attachment mechanism 448 may include any suitable mechanical configuration to allow the instrument tip 440 to be coupled to the instrument body 420. The attachment mechanism 448 may be omitted in embodiments where the tip inner frame 442 and the main body inner frame 422 are not separate components. In FIG. 4 , the radius of the attachment mechanism 448 may be smaller than the radius of the first and / or second portions 446 and 450. For example, the attachment mechanism 448 may include external threads that are configured to mate with corresponding internal threads at the distal end 426 of the instrument body 420. In some embodiments, the tip inner frame 442 is configured to press fit, slide fit, compress fit, interference fit, or otherwise engage fit with the instrument body 420. In some embodiments, the connection between the instrument tip 440 and the instrument body 420 is in a form-closed and / or force-closed form. For example, in an injection molding process, the tip inner frame 442 may be embedded in an injection molding machine, and the proximal end 456 of the tip inner frame 442 may be overmolded. In some embodiments, the tip inner frame 442 may be engaged with the coating 424 of the instrument body 420 or the body inner frame 422 may be engaged with the coating 444 of the instrument tip 440. In some embodiments, an adhesive can be used to engage the instrument body 420 with the instrument tip 440. When the instrument body 420 is engaged with the instrument tip 440, the instrument 400 is formed ( FIG. 9b ).

FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for manufacturing an ophthalmic surgical instrument having a unified internal frame. Step 310 of method 300 may include generating a unified internal frame of the instrument tip and the instrument body. Step 320 of method 300 may further include covering the unified inner frame with an outer coating to define an outer surface. For example, the tip 442 and the inner frame inside the body frame shown in FIG. 8 assembly 422 may include uniform. The unified internal framework 460 may be generated in a manner similar to that described for step 110 (FIG. 1) of the method 100. For example, the unified internal frame 460 may be made of or include metals, metal alloys, ceramics, composites, polymers, plastics, elastomers, and / or any other suitable materials. The unified internal frame 460 may be covered with an external coating in a manner similar to that described for step 120 ( FIG. 1 ) of the method 100. For example, covering the unified internal frame 460 (step 320) may include injection molding using a coating such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, composite, polymer, plastic, elastomer, and / or any other suitable material. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9b, the shape of a unified inner frame body 460 may be similar to the instrument 420 and instrument tip 440 of the outer contour of the desired. However, the shape of the main body inner frame 422 may be simpler than the final outer outline. For example, one or more features defined by the coating (such as the complex shape of the instrument tip 440, the surface features of the instrument body 420, etc.) may be omitted from the unified internal frame 460. When the outer coating covers the unified inner frame 460, the instrument 400 is formed ( FIG. 9b ). The method 300 may additionally include one or more processing steps (eg, polishing, laser marking, sterilization, packaging, etc.).

Appropriate materials / industrial processing (including blanking, molding, casting, machining, cutting, etc.) can be used to produce the tip inner frame 442, the main body inner frame 422, and / or the unified inner frame 460, and / or covered with an outer coating Internal frame. For example, blow molding, injection molding, thermoforming, centrifugal casting, investment casting, permanent mold casting, sand mold casting, shell mold casting, grinding, turning, forming, shearing, stamping, laser beam cutting can be used , Plasma cutting, water jet cutting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, direct metal laser sintering, 3D printing, extrusion, electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, electroforming, bending, roll forming , Spinning, deep drawing, stretch forming and so on.

The embodiments described herein can provide devices, systems, and methods that facilitate the fabrication of ophthalmic surgical instruments with complex shapes while meeting the required technical requirements for flexibility and / or rigidity. The devices, systems, and methods described herein can be used with any surgical instrument. The examples provided above are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art can easily design other systems consistent with the disclosed embodiments and intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this application is limited only by the scope of the following patent applications.

Claims (9)

An ophthalmic surgical instrument includes: an instrument main body having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis; and an instrument tip configured at the distal end of the instrument main body, the instrument tip including along the instrument A first part extending linearly of the longitudinal axis of the main body and a second part extending obliquely from the first part, the shape of the second part is arcuate; and the instrument tip includes a first internal frame and covers the first internal A first coating of the frame, a distal end of the first inner frame including a flat portion, wherein the first coating includes a material selected from the group consisting of: metal, ceramic, composite, polymer And an elastomer, wherein the instrument body includes: a second internal frame that is separate from the first internal frame and does not form a single unitary body with the first internal frame; and a second coating that covers the second internal frame A frame, wherein the instrument tip includes a first component, and wherein the instrument body includes a second component separated from the first component. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first coating defines an outer surface of the instrument tip. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first inner frame and the cross-sectional profile of the first coating in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the instrument body define different shapes. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the instrument tip includes a flat portion at a distal end. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the instrument body includes the first coating. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first and second inner frames and the second coating include at least one of metal, ceramic, composite, polymer, and elastomer. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1 or 6, wherein the metal is a metal alloy. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1 or 6, wherein the polymer is plastic. The ophthalmic surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first inner frame includes a space permeable to the first coating.