TWI630980B - Lathe and its tool correction method - Google Patents

Abstract

A lathe and a tool calibration method thereof, the lathe comprising a bed table, a rotating mechanism for rotating a workpiece, a cutter device, a drive mechanism for driving the cutter device to move along a Z axis and an X axis, and A correction device having a tool holder, a tool, and a diverter mounted on the tool holder rotatably, the tool including a tool tip for cutting the workpiece. The calibration method is to detect the wear depth of the tool by using a change of the distance between the detection reference line and the tool tip generated by the calibration device, and then use the value of the wear depth to adjust the tool device in a cutting position. Coordinate position, thereby achieving a simple and fast calibration step.

Description

Lathe and its tool correction method

The present invention relates to a lathe, and more particularly to a lathe that can correct the coordinate position of a tool, and a tool correction method for the lathe.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, the conventional lathe 1 can drive a workpiece 10 to rotate in place, and a first processing surface 101 or a second processing surface 102 of the workpiece 10 is machined. The lathe 1 includes a bed table 11, a rotating mechanism 12 mounted on the bed table 11 for holding and rotating the workpiece 10, a driving mechanism 13, and a cutter device assembled on the driving mechanism 13. 14. The drive mechanism 13 uses a numerical control method to drive the cutter device 14 to reciprocate along a Z-axis 15 and an X-axis 16 for the purpose of changing the coordinate position of the cutter device 14 to the workpiece 10. For the cutting process, the drive mechanism 13 is usually adjusted by the cooperation of the servo motor and the ball guide. How the drive mechanism 13 drives the tool device 14 to shift is not an improvement point of the present invention, and will not be described in detail.

The tool device 14 has a shank 141 mounted on a carrier plate 131 of the drive mechanism 13, a cutter head 142, and a fixing member 143 assembled to the shank 141 for replacing the cutter head 142. The tool device 14 has a length mid-line 144 having two bevels 145 and a tool tip 146 that is intersected by the bevel 145. The tool tip 146 is offset from the length by a line 144. One side and protrudes from one of the sides of the cutter device 14. When the tool device 14 is in an end face cutting position as shown in FIG. 2, the blade tip 146 slightly touches the first working surface 101 of the workpiece 10, and the first working surface of the workpiece 10 can be 101 performs cutting operations. When the tool device 14 is in an outer diameter cutting position as shown in FIG. 3, the tool tip 146 of the tool bit 142 will slightly touch the second working surface 102 of the workpiece 10, and the second The working surface 102 performs a cutting operation.

The conventional lathe 1 can set the coordinate position of the cutter device 14 by numerical control to achieve precise cutting. However, since the cutting edge 146 of the cutting head 142 is cut by friction, it is unavoidable that the cutting edge 146 is gradually worn and shortened. If the coordinate position of the cutter device 14 is set, the knife is not changed. When the cutting edge 146 of the head 142 is shortened, the workpiece 10 cannot be precisely cut. In order to improve the above deficiency, the conventional lathe 1 needs to be corrected for the tool device 14, the correction comprising an X-axis calibration step and a Z-axis calibration step.

In the X-axis calibration step, the workpiece 10 is first clamped on the rotating mechanism 12, and then the tool number is called to move the cutter device 14 to the originally set coordinate position, and then the workpiece 10 is driven by the rotating mechanism 12. Rotation (ie input steering and speed). In addition, the tool device 14 is moved along the X-axis 16 to move the workpiece 10 by means of a hand wheel not shown in the figure, and then the position of the cutter device 14 is adjusted along the Z-axis 15 and the cutter head is adjusted. The cutting edge 146 of the 142 slightly touches the second processing surface 102 of the workpiece 10 and performs a cutting operation, and then the cutter head 142 is retracted to a safe distance, and the rotating mechanism 12 is also stopped. Finally, the outer diameter of the second processing surface 102 of the workpiece 10 is measured, and the value of the measured value is used to check the coordinate value, and the X-axis tool length correction can be input, and the numerical control system can be used to calculate X. Axis calibration procedure.

In the Z-axis calibration step, the tool edge 146 of the cutter head 142 is slightly touched by the hand wheel to touch the first machining surface 101 of the workpiece 10, and the mechanical coordinate of the Z-axis 15 can be set. The cutter head 142 is retracted to a safe distance, and the rotation mechanism 12 is stopped. Then, after the seat value is checked, the Z-axis tool length correction is input to complete the Z-axis calibration step. That is, the conventional lathe 1 resets the actual mechanical coordinate position of the cutter unit 14 on the X-axis 16 and the Z-axis 15 by the actual contact state of the cutter head 142 with the workpiece 10. Although the above-mentioned correction method can improve the accuracy of cutting, such a correction method requires measurement of the X-axis mechanical coordinate and the Z-axis mechanical coordinate separately, so that it is quite troublesome and time consuming in the correction.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lathe that overcomes at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, and a tool correction method for the same.

The lathe of the present invention can cut at least one processing surface of a workpiece, and includes a bed table, a rotating mechanism mounted on the bed table and capable of rotating the workpiece, a cutter device, and a cutter a drive mechanism mounted on the bed, and a correction device mounted on the bed, the drive mechanism driving the tool device along a Z axis and an X axis, and the tool device includes a tool holder a rotatably mounted steering gear mounted on the tool holder, and a tool mounted on the steering gear, the tool including a tool tip positioned on a length line, and the correction device has a tool for detecting A corrector for the wear depth of the tool tip of the tool.

The tool calibration method of the lathe of the present invention uses the cooperation of the correction device to correct the coordinate position of the tool at a cutting position, and the calibration device can generate a detection reference line. The tool correction method comprises: Step (A): Using the drive mechanism to drive the tool device from a standard position to the cutting position, wherein the tool tip of the tool falls on the detection reference line, and in the cutting position, the tool tip of the tool Cutting the at least one working surface of the workpiece; and (B): driving the cutter device by the driving mechanism to switch from the cutting position to a same detecting position as the coordinate of the standard position, at which time the tool is When the tool tip has a distance from the detection reference line, the driving mechanism drives the tool device to move along the length of the length line until the tool tip of the tool falls on the detection reference line, and a wear depth is generated. Numerical value; and step (C): correcting the tool device in the cut according to the detected value of the wear depth and the cooperation of the drive mechanism Coordinate position location.

The beneficial effect of the invention is that the correction device capable of generating the detection reference line on the bed table and changing the structure of the tool device can easily detect the wear depth of the tool tip of the tool, thereby achieving fast and Accurate correction of the coordinate position of the tool device at the cutting position.

Referring to Figures 4, 5 and 6, an embodiment of the lathe 2 of the present invention can machine a workpiece 10 having a first working surface 101 and a second processing disposed about a central axis 100. Face 102, the lathe 2 includes a bed table 21, a rotating mechanism 22 mounted on the bed table 21, a cutter device 23, a drive mechanism 24 for mounting the cutter device 23 on the bed table 21, and a drive mechanism 24 A correction device 25 mounted on the bed 21 is provided. The rotating mechanism 22 can clamp the workpiece 10 and drive the workpiece 10 to rotate about the central axis 100.

The structure of the drive mechanism 24 is not particularly limited, and is mainly controlled by a numerical control system not shown, and the cutter device 23 is driven to reciprocate along a Z-axis 26 and an X-axis 27, the Z-axis. 26 is parallel to the central axis 100 and perpendicular to the X axis 27. In the embodiment, the driving mechanism 24 has a carrier 241 for loading the cutter device 23, a first driving unit 242 for driving the carrier 241 to reciprocate along the Z-axis 26, and a driveable The second driving unit 243 is reciprocated along the X-axis 27, and the first driving unit 242 and the second driving unit 243 are driven by the servo motor and the ball screw to drive the carrier 241 to translate. Since the first and second driving units 242 and 243 drive the carrier 241 to reciprocate along the Z-axis 26 and the X-axis 27 as conventional techniques, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The cutter device 23 has a seat 231 mounted on the carrier plate 241. The tool holder 231 has two oppositely disposed side wings 232, and the cutter device 23 further has a rotatably mounted between the side wings 232. A diverter 233, and a cutter 234 assembled on the diverter 233. The diverter 233 has a collet 235, and the cutter 234 includes a shank 236 assembled to the collet 235, a diamond-shaped cutter head 237, and a shank for detaching the cutter head 237. a fixing member 238 on the 236, the cutting head 237 has two inclined surfaces 230 respectively located on opposite sides of the dividing line 28 of one of the lengths of the cutter 234, and a cutting edge 239 formed by the inclined surfaces 230, the cutting edge 239 falls on the length line 28 of the length.

The correcting device 25 has a bracket 251 assembled on the bed 21, and a corrector 252 assembled on the bracket 251, the bracket 251 having two parallel spaced side bars 255, and the type of the corrector 252 There is no particular limitation, and it is mainly used for sensing an object, and a detection reference line 250 may be generated due to the emission of light, and the detection reference line 250 may be light of laser light, infrared light, or the like, and the corrector 252 There is a launching member 253 mounted on one of the side bars 255 and a receiving member 254 mounted on the other side bar 255.

Referring to Figures 4 and 7, in the present embodiment, the lathe 2 uses the numerical control system to set the coordinate position of the cutter device 23 in a cutting position, the coordinate position usually including a coordinate position of the end face cutting, and The coordinate position of an outer diameter cutting, that is, when the lathe 2 is to be cut for the first working surface 101 of the workpiece 10, the cutter device 23 can be moved to FIG. 7 as long as the coordinate position of the end cutting is selected. The position shown by the solid line, at this time, the length branch 28 of the length of the cutter 234 is deflected by a predetermined angle value with respect to the X-axis 27, so that the cutting edge 239 of the cutter 234 will slightly touch the workpiece. The first processing surface 101 of the 10 is rotated by the rotating mechanism 22 to perform the cutting process on the first processing surface 101.

By the same token, when the coordinate position of the outer diameter cutting is selected, the cutting edge 239 of the tool 234 will slightly touch the second processing surface 102 of the workpiece 10 and perform cutting processing for the second processing surface 102. The cutter device 23 is inclined with respect to the X-axis 27 and the central axis 100 regardless of the end face cutting or the outer diameter cutting. Since the X-axis 27 is perpendicular to the detection reference line 250, it is here. In the state, the cutter 234 is also inclined with respect to the detection reference line 250.

In the present embodiment, the cutter 234 of the lathe 2 is controlled by the steering gear 233, and after the angle is inclined with respect to the central axis 100, the cutting edge 239 and the first working surface 101 of the workpiece 10 are also utilized. Or the second processing surface 102 touches to generate a friction cutting action. Therefore, when the tool 234 is used for a period of time, the blade tip 239 is inevitably shortened due to wear, and the tool device 23 is still Grinding at the originally set coordinate position is inevitably poor in cutting accuracy, and the coordinate position of the cutter device 23 must be corrected in order to maintain accurate machining.

Referring to Figures 7, 8, and 9, in order to correct the coordinate position of the cutter device 23 at the cutting position, the present embodiment uses the control of the numerical control system to switch the cutter device 23 from the cutting position of Figure 7 to Figure 8. a standard position at which the tool 234 will be diverted by the control of the diverter 233 such that the length mid-line 28 is perpendicular to the detection reference line 250, i.e., at the standard position, The length mid-point line 28 and the detection reference line 250 have an angle 29, the angle 29 is preferably 90 degrees, and the tool tip 239 of the cutter 234 falls on the detection reference line 250. The tool 234 of the tool device 23 is in a standard state and does not require adjustment of the coordinate position of the tool device 23. When the tool device 23 is switched from the standard position to the cutting position, the tool 234 can be deflected by a predetermined angle value by the steering gear 233, and the coordinate of the tool device 23 can be easily moved by the driving mechanism 24. Switch to this cutting position.

When the tool device 23 requires correction after a period of use, the tool device 23 is also switched from the cutting position of Fig. 7 to a detecting position of Fig. 9 using the numerical control system, the coordinate of the detecting position being the same as the coordinate of the standard position. That is, at the detection position, the angle 29 between the length mid-line 28 and the detection reference line 250 is also 90 degrees. When the cutting edge 239 of the cutter 234 is retracted due to wear, the cutting edge 239 does not fall on the detection reference line 250. At this time, it indicates that the coordinate position originally set by the cutter device 23 needs to be adjusted. At this time, the driving mechanism 24 drives the cutter device 23 to move along the X-axis 27 toward the detection reference line 250 until the cutting edge 239 falls on the detection reference line 250.

At this time, the distance adjusted by the cutter device 23 is recorded. The distance of the segment is equivalent to the wear depth of the blade tip 239 of the tool 234. With the value of the wear depth, the tool device 23 can be calculated at the cutting position. The precise coordinates, that is, the values of the wear depth, are used to precisely adjust the coordinate position of the cutter device 23 during cutting. The coordinate position described herein may be end face cutting and/or outer diameter cutting. When the cutter device 23 is again switched to the cutting position shown in FIG. 7, the steering mechanism 233 is provided by the steering mechanism 233 except that the driving mechanism 24 drives the cutter device 23 to change the coordinate positions of the Z-axis 26 and the X-axis 27. When the cutter device 23 is biased by a predetermined angle value, the cutter device 23 can slightly touch the workpiece 10 and perform cutting processing.

Specifically, the tool calibration method of the lathe of the embodiment substantially comprises the following steps:

Step (A): the driving mechanism 24 is used to drive the tool device 23 to switch from the standard position to the cutting position, and the tool tip 239 of the tool 234 falls on the detection reference line 250. In the cutting position, the cutter device 23 will generate at least one cutting coordinate position. In the present embodiment, the cutting coordinate position includes an end face cutting of the first working surface 101 of the workpiece 10, and The outer diameter of the second machined surface 102 of the workpiece 10 is cut.

Step (B): the driving mechanism 24 is used to drive the cutter device 23 to switch from the cutting position to the detecting position. When the detecting position is the same as the standard position, the tool 234 will be driven by the steering gear 233. Turning positive, and making the length mid-point 28 perpendicular to the detection reference line 250, if the cutting edge 239 of the cutter 23 is spaced from the detection reference line 250, the driving mechanism 24 drives the cutter device 23 along the The X-axis 27 is moved. When the tool tip 239 of the tool 234 falls on the detection reference line 250, the value of the wear depth will be measured.

Step (C): correcting the coordinate position and the yaw angle of the cutter device 23 during cutting according to the detected value of the wear depth and the cooperation of the drive mechanism 24 and the steering 233, the coordinate position including the end surface Cutting and / or outer diameter cutting.

As can be seen from the above description, the present invention changes the structure of the cutter device 23, and at the same time, the coordinate position of the cutter device 23 at the cutting position is corrected by the cooperation of the correction device 25, and the above structure is not only innovative, but the tool correction method is derived. Moreover, the coordinate position of the cutter device 23 can be corrected quickly and simply, and the industrial utilization value can also be improved.

However, the above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and all the simple equivalent changes and modifications according to the scope of the patent application and the patent specification of the present invention are still Within the scope of the invention patent.

10‧‧‧Processing

100‧‧‧ center axis

101‧‧‧First processing surface

102‧‧‧Second processing surface

2‧‧‧ lathe

21‧‧‧ Beds

22‧‧‧Rotating mechanism

23‧‧‧Tools

231‧‧‧Tool holder

232‧‧‧Flanking

233‧‧ ‧ steering gear

234‧‧‧Tools

235‧‧‧ chuck

236‧‧‧shank

237‧‧‧ cutter head

238‧‧‧Fixed parts

239‧‧‧Tool tip

230‧‧‧Bevel

24‧‧‧ drive mechanism

241‧‧‧ Carrier Board

242‧‧‧First drive unit

243‧‧‧Second drive unit

25‧‧‧ calibration device

250‧‧‧Test baseline

251‧‧‧ bracket

252‧‧‧corrector

253‧‧‧transmitter

254‧‧‧Receiving parts

255‧‧‧ sidebar

26‧‧‧Z axis

27‧‧‧X-axis

28‧‧‧ Length mid-line

29‧‧‧ Angle

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the description of the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a top view of a conventional lathe; Figure 2 is an incomplete top view of the conventional lathe, In the drawing, a cutter device of the lathe is located at an end cutting position; FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, the cutter device is located at an outer diameter cutting position; FIG. 4 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the lathe of the present invention. Figure 5 is an incomplete side view of the embodiment; Figure 6 is a perspective view of the embodiment illustrating a tooling device of the lathe; Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 4, wherein the tooling position In a cutting position; FIG. 8 is a calibration diagram of the embodiment, illustrating the relative relationship between the tool device and a correction device, and the tool device is in a standard position; and FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. The tool unit is located at a test position.

Claims (6)

A lathe for cutting at least one machined surface of a workpiece, comprising: a bed; a rotating mechanism mounted on the bed for rotating the workpiece; a cutter device including a knife a seat, a rotatably mounted steering gear mounted on the tool holder, and a tool mounted on the steering gear, the steering gear having a collet including a shank mounted on the collet, a knife a head, and a fixing member mounted on the shank for replacing the cutting head, the cutting head including a cutting edge positioned on a dividing line of a length, and two slantingly adjacent and defining the dividing line to the length a bevel of the cutting edge; a driving mechanism for mounting the tool device on the bed and driving the tool device along a Z axis and an X axis; and a correcting device mounted on the bed And has a corrector for detecting the wear depth of the tip of the tool. A lathe according to claim 1, wherein the corrector of the correcting device has a transmitting member that generates a detecting reference line, and a receiving member disposed opposite the transmitting member. The lathe according to claim 2, wherein the driving mechanism has a carrier for carrying the cutter device, a first driving unit for driving the carrier to reciprocate along the Z axis, and one driving the carrier A second drive unit that reciprocates along the X axis. A tool calibration method for a lathe, which uses a correction device to correct a coordinate position of a tool at a cutting position, the correction device can generate a detection reference line, the tool device has a tool, and the tool includes a tool for cutting a machining The cutting edge of the object includes: step (A): driving the tool device from a standard position to the cutting position by a driving mechanism, wherein the tool tip of the tool falls on the detecting reference On the line, in the cutting position, the cutting edge of the tool can cut the workpiece; step (B): using the driving mechanism to drive the tool device to switch from the cutting position to a coordinate corresponding to the standard position a position at which the tool tip of the tool has a distance from the detection reference line, and the driving mechanism drives the tool device to move until the tool tip of the tool falls on the detection reference line Generating a value for the depth of wear; and step (C): based on the value of the detected depth of wear and the matching of the drive mechanism To correct the coordinate position of the cutting tool device is in position. The tool correction method of a lathe according to claim 4, wherein the detection reference line is perpendicular to an X axis, and in the step (B), the driving mechanism drives the tool device to move along the X axis, and generates The value of the wear depth. The tool calibration method of a lathe according to claim 4, wherein the knife has a length mid-line, and in the standard position and the detecting position, the length-divided line is perpendicular to the detection reference line, and When cutting position, this length The mid-point line is skewed by a predetermined angle with respect to the detection reference line.