TWI614471B - 在烴類加工廠中合併之致冷及液化模組 - Google Patents
在烴類加工廠中合併之致冷及液化模組 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI614471B TWI614471B TW105131063A TW105131063A TWI614471B TW I614471 B TWI614471 B TW I614471B TW 105131063 A TW105131063 A TW 105131063A TW 105131063 A TW105131063 A TW 105131063A TW I614471 B TWI614471 B TW I614471B
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- combined refrigeration
- liquefaction module
- array
- module
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 36
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0082—Methane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/04—Separating impurities in general from the product stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
一種使用合併之致冷及液化模組加工天然氣以產生液化天然氣之方法。該天然氣係在一或多個熱交換器之第一陣列中使用來自第一致冷劑線路的第一致冷劑冷卻,其中該第一致冷劑係於第一壓縮機中壓縮。來自第二致冷劑線路之第二致冷劑係在第二壓縮機中壓縮。該第二致冷劑係在位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的一或多個熱交換器之第二陣列中使用該第一致冷劑冷卻及部分凝結。使用位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的致冷劑分離器將該部分凝結之第二致冷劑分離成液相及氣相。在一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列中使用該部分凝結之第二致冷劑的氣相及液相將該天然氣液化以產生LNG。
Description
本申請案主張2015年10月6日所提出且標題為CONSOLIDATED REFRIGERATION AND LIQUEFACTION MODULE IN A HYDROCARBON PROCESSING PLANT之美國臨時專利申請案第62/237,842號的權益,該案各以全文引用方式併入本文中。
本發明大致關於烴類處理及加工廠之領域。更明確地說,本發明關於烴類處理及加工廠(諸如LNG加工廠)之有效率建構及操作。
本章節意在介紹本技術各種不同態樣,其可與本發明相關聯。該討論意在提供框架以促進本發明特定態樣之更佳理解。因此,應暸解本章節應以這個角度閱讀,且不一定作為承認先前技術。
在LNG生產合約之競爭日益增加的時代,極需加強未來LNG專案的獲利能力。為了此目的,LNG生產者可辨別及最佳化可應用於各專案之關鍵成本驅動者以及效率。使專案在高成本及低現場勞動生產力之地點具有經濟效益會需要最小化建造及調試LNG廠所需之範圍及現場勞動力程度。使用模組化技術,藉由將範圍從建在現場改變成建在專門製造場地來處理此項挑戰。然而,就大規模LNG專案而言,建造範圍之模組化仍造成明顯的現場整合成本。先前模組化解決方法涉及將LNG廠儘可能分成愈多模組,在製造位點預製該等模組,及將該等模組運送至操作位點,於操作位點將該等模組連接以形成LNG廠。此種解決方法在操作位點會需要大量勞動力,當操作位點之勞動力成本低時此會有財務意義。然而,就勞動力成本高之操作位點而言,此種解決方法會使勞動力成本提高至高於使LNG廠無法建造。因此,相較於產業目前所部署的其他模組化方法,在工廠建造產業中公認需要從操作位點移除額外工作範圍。
圖1為根據已知原理之LNG生產設施10的示意圖。進料氣體管12中之進料氣體係在使用第一致冷劑(諸如丙烷)之第一冷凍器14中預冷卻。然後在主要低溫熱交換器16中使用混合致冷劑將進料氣體冷卻及液化。該液化天然氣在水力渦輪機18或類似膨脹裝置中膨脹,並貯存於LNG貯存槽20。揮發氣壓縮機22在該液化天然氣從該LNG貯存槽20運送出來之前將彼壓縮。
該第一致冷劑及該混合致冷劑循環通過獨立的致冷劑環路。該第一致冷劑環路在一或多個壓縮機24a、24b中壓縮,並在(a)將熱蒸氣冷卻成飽和蒸氣之去過熱器;(b)將該飽和蒸氣凝結成液態形式之凝結器;及(c)在子冷卻器中冷卻,以進一步處理。作用(a)至(c)在圖1中係以冷卻器元件28表示。此時該經冷卻及液化之第一致冷劑實質上呈液態形式。將第一部分之該經液化第一致冷劑導至該第一冷凍器14,於該處如前文討論之第一致冷劑預冷卻進料氣體管12中的進料氣體。將第二部分之該經液化第一致冷劑導至第二冷凍器30,於該處該第一致冷劑預冷凍該混合致冷劑。將現在實質上為氣相形式之第一致冷劑從第一冷凍器14及第二冷凍器30導至壓縮機24a、24b,及重複該第一致冷劑環路。
在該混合致冷劑環路中,離開該主要低溫熱交換器16之混合致冷劑呈氣態,且在一系列壓縮機32a、32b、34a、34b以及級間冷卻器及排放冷卻器36a、36b、38a、38b中壓縮及冷卻。將排出級間冷卻器及排放冷卻器38a、38b之混合致冷劑導至第二冷凍器30,於該處藉由第二部分該第一致冷劑進一步冷卻彼。然後將該混合致冷劑導至混合致冷劑分離器40,該混合致冷劑分離器40分離且產出混合致冷劑液態流(於管42中)及混合致冷劑氣態流(於管44中)。管42及44二者均連接至主要低溫熱交換器16,於此處該混合致冷劑冷卻及液化
從第一冷凍器14導入的經冷凍進料氣體。排出主要低溫熱交換器16之混合致冷劑實質上呈氣態且係導至壓縮機32a、32b以繼續該混合致冷劑環路。在LNG生產設施10中,壓縮機24a、32a及34a係連接至共用軸46a並由渦輪組合件48a驅動。同樣的,壓縮機24b、32b及34b係連接至共用軸46b並由渦輪組合件48b驅動。其他壓縮機及驅動器構造可如熟習本領域之人士已知般配置。
圖2描繪LNG生產線(LNG train)200之已知布置,其經建構生產LNG。LNG生產線200包括沿著中央管架204配置之多個加工模組202a、202b、202c、202d。加工模組202a至d經由多個導引有用流、進料氣體及所得產物及副產物(若需要)之管線及導管彼此連接及連接至在該管架內的任何功能單元。該加工模組可包括:從進料氣體移除CO2及H2S分子至低至防止在下游致冷及液化單元中凍結所需之非常低水準的酸氣移除單元;從該進料氣體移除水分子至低至防止在下游致冷及液化單元中凍結所需之非常低水準的脫水單元;從該進料氣體移除C6 +分子至低於防止在下游致冷及液化單元中凍結必要的水準之重烴類捕獲(HHC)或重移除單元等。另外,致冷加工模組206包括一或多個第一冷凍器14及一或多個第二冷凍器30,如圖1所揭示。液化加工模組208包括混合致冷劑分離器40以及連接至位於與液化加工模組208相鄰之主要低溫熱交換器16的管42及44。各加工模組可在製造場地或其他場外製造位置預組合,運送至LNG
生產線之操作位點,並連接在一起以建造完成的LNG生產線。
圖2顯示之LNG生產線200表示用以模組化氣體加工廠設計的已知嘗試,且特徵係沿著中央管架204安裝加工模組,且在分開的加工模組之間的管線連接行經中央管架204。該中央管架可藉由在製造位點建造、運送至操作位點並在操作位點組合在一起的管架段或模組形成。然而,該模組化策略在加工模組與中央管架之間的界面形成大量管線連接。在現場連接該等管線連接是勞力密集的作業。此外,每一個管連接兩個加工模組,諸如致冷加工模組206與液化加工模組208,必須通過中央管架以達成此,且在與該管必須通過之各中央管架段的界面之兩個位點連接將會最少。由於致冷加工模組206與液化加工模組208之間會有大量連接,在操作位點連接這兩個模組會耗費大量時間及花費。所需要的是最小化此種組合成本的烴類加工廠設計。
本發明提供一種使用合併之致冷及液化模組加工天然氣以產生液化天然氣(LNG)之方法。該天然氣係在一或多個熱交換器之第一陣列中使用來自第一致冷劑線路的第一致冷劑冷卻,其中該第一致冷劑係於第一壓縮機中壓縮。來自第二致冷劑線路之第二致冷劑係在第二壓縮機中壓縮。該經壓縮之第二致冷劑係存位在該合併之致
冷及液化模組中的一或多個熱交換器之第二陣列中使用該第一致冷劑冷卻及部分凝結。使用位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的致冷劑分離器將該部分凝結之第二致冷劑分離成液相及氣相。在一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列中使用該部分凝結之第二致冷劑的氣相及液相將該天然氣製成LNG。
本發明亦提供烴類加工廠,其包含:第一致冷劑線路;經建構以在該第一致冷劑線路中循環之第一致冷劑;經建構以壓縮該第一致冷劑之第一壓縮機;經建構以使用該第一致冷劑冷卻烴類流的一或多個熱交換器之第一陣列;第二致冷劑線路;經建構以在該第二致冷劑線路中循環之第二致冷劑;經建構以壓縮該第二致冷劑之第二壓縮機;經建構以使用該第一致冷劑冷卻及部分凝結該經壓縮之第二致冷劑的一或多個熱交換器之第二陣列;經建構以將該部分凝結之第二致冷劑分離成液相及氣相的致冷劑分離器;經建構以使用該部分凝結之第二致冷劑的氣相及液相將該烴類流液化之一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列;及一或多個熱交換器之第二陣列及該致冷劑分離器位在其中的合併之致冷及液化模組。
前文已廣泛概述本發明之特徵,因此可更佳地暸解以下的詳細說明。此處亦將描述額外特徵。
10、300‧‧‧LNG生產設施
12、312‧‧‧進料氣體管
14‧‧‧第一冷凍器
314‧‧‧進料氣體丙烷冷凍器
16、316、616、716‧‧‧主要低溫熱交換器
18、318‧‧‧水力渦輪機
20、320‧‧‧LNG貯存槽
22、322‧‧‧揮發氣壓縮機
24a、24b、32a、32b、34a、34b、324a、324b、332a、332b、34a、334b‧‧‧壓縮機
28、328‧‧‧冷卻器元件
30‧‧‧第二冷凍器
330‧‧‧混合致冷劑冷凍器
36a、36b、38a、38b‧‧‧級間冷卻器及排放冷卻器
336a、336b、338a、338b‧‧‧級間及排放冷卻器
40、340、840‧‧‧混合致冷劑分離器
42、44、342、344‧‧‧管
46a、46b、346a、346b‧‧‧軸
48a、48b、348a、348b‧‧‧渦輪組合件
200、400‧‧‧LNG生產線
202a、202b、202c、202d、402a、402b、402c、402d‧‧‧加工模組
204、404‧‧‧中央管架
206‧‧‧致冷加工模組
208‧‧‧液化加工模組
406、606、706、806‧‧‧合併之致冷及液化模組
607‧‧‧分離模組
614‧‧‧進料氣體丙烷冷凍器
760‧‧‧洗滌塔
762‧‧‧丙烷累積槽
764‧‧‧丙烷子冷卻器熱交換器
830‧‧‧混合致冷劑冷凍器
900‧‧‧方法
902、904、906、908、910‧‧‧步驟
從以下說明、附錄申請專利範圍及下文簡要
說明之附圖,將可明白本發明的該等及其他特徵、態樣及優點。
圖1為根據已知原理之LNG液化加工的示意圖。
圖2為根據已知原理之LNG生產線的俯視平面圖。
圖3為根據所揭示態樣之LNG液化加工的示意圖。
圖4為根據所揭示態樣之LNG生產線的俯視平面圖。
圖5為根據所揭示態樣之合併之致冷及液化模組的俯視平面圖。
圖6為根據所揭示態樣之合併之致冷及液化模組的俯視平面圖。
圖7為根據所揭示態樣之合併之致冷及液化模組的俯視平面圖。
圖8為根據所揭示態樣之合併之致冷及液化模組的俯視平面圖。
圖9為根據已知原理之LNG生產線的設計方法。
應注意的是,該等圖式僅為範例,因此對於本發明揭示範圍無限制。此外,該等圖式通常非等比例描繪,而是基於便利及清楚地說明本發明各種態樣之目的繪製。
基於促進暸解本發明原理之目的,茲將參考圖式中所圖示之特徵,且將使用特殊語言來形同該等特徵。然而,應當暸解無意因而限制本發明範圍。預期對於熟習本發明相關技術之人士而言通常會發生的任何改變或其他修改,及如本文所述之本發明原理的任何其他應用。熟習相關技術之人士將會明白,為了清楚起見,一些與本發明無關的特徵可能未顯示於該等圖式中。
一開始,為了便於參考,本申請案中使用特定術語,且其在本文中之意思說明如下。本文所使用之術語的範圍並非如下文定義,應給予如至少一項已印行出版品或頒布專利中所反映之在相關技術人士已給予的最廣義定義。此外,本發明技術不局限於使用下列所示術語,用作相同或類似目的之等效字、同義字、新發展及術語及技術亦被視為在本案申請專利範圍之範圍內。
如同具有本領域普通技術之人士所理解,不同人會以不同名稱指稱相同特徵或組件。本文件無意區分只有名稱不同的組件或特徵。該等特徵不一定等比例。本文中特定特徵及組件可能誇大顯示比例或示意形式,以及為了清楚及簡明,可能不顯示慣用元件的一些細節。當指稱本文所述之特徵時,為了簡單起見,相同參考符號可指多個特徵。在下文說明及申請專利範圍中,用語「包括」及「包含」係以開放方式使用,因此應闡釋為意指「包
括,但不局限於」。
冠語「該」、「一(a/an)」不一定局限於意指僅一者,而是包括且開放式,因此視情況包括多個此種元件。
用語「酸氣(acid gas)」及「酸氣(sour gas)」係指溶解於水中以產生酸性溶液的任何氣體。酸氣之非限制性實例包括硫化氫(H2S)、二氧化碳(CO2)、或二氧化硫(SO2)或其混合物。
如本文所使用,用語「大約」、「約」、「實質上」及相似用語意欲具有與常見且為具有本發明主旨相關領域普通技術之人士接受的使用一致之廣泛意義。檢閱本發明的熟習本領域之人士應暸解,該等用語意在描述所述及主張的特定特徵而不將該等特徵之範圍限制在所提供的精準數值範圍。因此,該等用語應闡釋為表示所述主旨之非實質性或無關緊要之修改或改變,且視為在本發明範圍內。
用語「熱交換器」係指設計用以將熱從一物質有效率轉移或「交換」至另一物質的裝置。範例熱交換器類型包括並流或逆流熱交換器、間接熱交換器(例如螺旋纏繞熱交換器、板翼型熱交換器,諸如銅焊鋁板翼型、殼管式熱交換器等)、直接接觸熱交換器、或此等之一些組合等等。
雖然片語「氣體流」、「氣態流」、及「液態流」係指該物流中分別主要存在氣體、蒸氣及液體,但
該物流內亦可存在其他相。例如,氣體亦可存在於「液態流」中。在一些實例中,用語「氣體流」及「氣態流」可互換使用。
本發明關於烴類處理加工廠(諸如LNG生產線)之標準化設計及建造的系統及方法。在一態樣中,藉由將許多或所有與天然氣之致冷及液化材料的組件定位於單一加工模組中可消除介於模組及/或加工單元之間的大量連接。該合併之致冷及液化模組可完全或實質上在與烴類處理加工廠之操作位點分開的製造位點建造,然後運送至操作位點,於該處將該合併之致冷及液化模組連接至該烴類處理加工廠的其餘部分。在一態樣中,至少部分該烴類處理加工廠的其餘部分係由亦在製造位點組合或製造的模組製成,運送至操作位點並在操作位點組合以形成烴類處理加工廠。該合併之致冷及液化模組可連接至該烴類處理加工廠的其餘部分之一或多個模組。
本發明之圖3至5顯示該系統及方法各不同態樣與習知LNG廠布置之比較。圖3為根據已知原理之LNG生產設施300的示意圖。進料氣體管312中之進料氣體係在使用第一致冷劑(諸如丙烷)之第一冷凍器314中預冷卻。然後在主要低溫熱交換器316中使用混合致冷劑將進料氣體冷卻及液化。該液化天然氣在水力渦輪機318或類似膨脹裝置中膨脹,並貯存於LNG貯存槽320。揮發氣壓縮機322在壓縮離開/排出該LNG貯存槽320之液化天然氣。
該第一致冷劑及該混合致冷劑循環通過獨立的致冷劑環路。該第一致冷劑環路在一或多個壓縮機324a、324b中壓縮,並在(a)將熱蒸氣冷卻成飽和蒸氣之去過熱器;(b)將該飽和蒸氣凝結成液態形式之凝結器;及(c)在子冷卻器中冷卻,以進一步處理。作用(a)至(c)在圖3中係以冷卻器元件328表示。此時該經冷卻及液化之第一致冷劑實質上呈液態形式。將第一部分之該經液化第一致冷劑導至一或多個第一冷凍器,其可稱為一或多個進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314,於該處如前文討論之第一致冷劑預冷卻進料氣體管312中的進料氣體。將第二部分之該經液化第一致冷劑導至一或多個第二冷凍器,其可稱為一或多個混合致冷劑冷凍器330,於該處該第一致冷劑預冷凍該混合致冷劑。將現在實質上為氣相形式之第一致冷劑從進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314及混合致冷劑冷凍器330導至壓縮機324a、324b,及重複該第一致冷劑環路。
在該混合致冷劑環路中,離開該主要低溫熱交換器316之混合致冷劑呈氣態及/或液態,且在一系列壓縮機332a、332b、334a、334b以及級間及排放冷卻器336a、336b、338a、338b中壓縮及冷卻。將級間及排放冷卻器338a、338b之混合致冷劑導至混合致冷劑冷凍器330,於該處藉由第二部分該第一致冷劑進一步冷卻彼。然後將該混合致冷劑導至混合致冷劑分離器340,該混合致冷劑分離器340分離且產出混合致冷劑液態流(於管
342中)及混合致冷劑氣態流(於管344中)。管342及344二者均連接至主要低溫熱交換器316,於此處該混合致冷劑冷卻及液化從進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314導入的經冷凍進料氣體。排出主要低溫熱交換器316之混合致冷劑實質上呈氣態且係導至壓縮機332a、332b以繼續該混合致冷劑環路。在LNG生產設施310中,壓縮機324a、332a及334a係連接至共用軸346a並由渦輪組合件348a驅動。同樣的,壓縮機324b、332b及334b係連接至共用軸346b並由渦輪組合件348b驅動。其他壓縮機及驅動器構造可如熟習本領域之人士已知般配置。
圖4描繪根據所揭示態樣之LNG生產線(LNG train)400的布置,其經建構生產LNG。LNG生產線400包括沿著中央管架404配置之多個加工模組402a、402b、402c、402d。各加工模組可在製造場地或其他場外位置預組合,運送至LNG生產線之位點,並連接在一起以建造完成的LNG生產線。加工模組402a至d經由多個導引進料氣體及所得產物及副產物(若需要)之管線及導管彼此連接及連接至在該管架內的任何功能單元。該加工模組可包括:從進料氣體移除CO2及H2S分子至低至防止在下游致冷及液化單元中凍結所需之非常低水準的酸氣移除單元;從該進料氣體移除水分子至低至防止在下游致冷及液化單元中凍結所需之非常低水準的脫水單元;從該進料氣體移除C6 +分子至低於防止在下游致冷及液化單元中凍結必要的水準之重烴類捕獲(HHC)或重移除單
元等。
在一態樣中,合併之致冷及液化模組406包括一或多個進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314及一或多個混合致冷劑冷凍器330。合併之致冷及液化模組406亦包括混合致冷劑分離器340以及連接至位於合併之致冷及液化模組406上或與之相鄰的主要低溫熱交換器316之管342及344。額外的冷卻元件(諸如翼扇型冷卻器)陣列可與進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314、混合致冷劑冷凍器330、及/或主要低溫熱交換器316共同定位。另外,所有配管、閥門控制、儀器規劃、及與進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314、混合致冷劑冷凍器330、混合致冷劑分離器340、及/或主要低溫熱交換器316及/或其他項目相關聯之輔助組件可位在合併之致冷及液化模組406上或在其中。此外,合併之致冷及液化模組406可包括一或多個用於LNG之等熵膨脹的水力渦輪機318,及/或一或多個用於混合致冷劑之等熵膨脹的水力渦輪機。圖4至5中所顯示的配置消除先前需要在操作位點進行經由中央管架202將進料氣體丙烷冷凍器14連接至主要低溫熱交換器16的勞力密集之管線連接。反之,將排出進料氣體丙烷冷凍器314之經冷凍進料氣體直接連接至主要低溫熱交換器316,該主要低溫熱交換器316係在合併之致冷及液化模組406上或與之相鄰。此配置亦消除需要在操作位點製造之經由中央管架202將混合致冷劑冷凍器330連接至混合致冷劑分離器40的管線連接。反之,排出混合致冷劑冷凍器330之混合致冷劑直接
連接至與混合致冷劑冷凍器330共同定位在合併之致冷及液化模組406上的高壓混合致冷劑分離器340。
圖6至8描繪本發明之額外態樣,其顯示合併之致冷及液化模組之各種替代配置。圖6顯示其中進料氣體丙烷冷凍器614安裝在分離模組607上之合併之致冷及液化模組606。該態樣仍形成比已知配置更少之需要在操作位點製造的連接,惟該態樣之效率低於圖4至5中揭示的配置。圖6亦顯示主要低溫熱交換器616可附接至合併之致冷及液化模組606的方式。此種附接可在操作位點或在與操作位點分開的製造位點發生。圖7顯示可包括在合併之致冷及液化模組706上的LNG生產線之額外組件。可安裝洗滌塔760以在主要低溫熱交換器716中液化之前從進料氣體移除懂烴類組分。可安裝丙烷累積槽762以用作經凝結丙烷致冷劑的緩衝貯存。可進行由混合致冷劑冷凍器330表示之一或多種功能的丙烷子冷卻器熱交換器764亦可安裝在合併之致冷及液化模組706上。一些或全部該等額外組件可以任何組合包括在其上。此外,組件(包括額外組件)在合併之致冷及液化模組上之配置可做到最小化其上的組件之間的管線數量,及圖式中所描繪的組件之配置僅為此等配置的實例。圖8描繪混合致冷劑分離器840與混合致冷劑冷凍器830整合或緊密連接之合併之致冷及液化模組806。在一態樣中,連接混合致冷劑冷凍器830與混合致冷劑分離器840之管線長度小於十公尺。如本文所述般整合或共同定位混合致冷劑冷凍器830
與混合致冷劑分離器840提供相較於此二組件通常位在分開的模組及甚至在中央管架的相對側之已知LNG廠設計有相當大的成本節省及降低。
所揭示之態樣的優點係減少需要在操作位點製成之連接數目、減少加工模組之整體數目、及與其相關之成本節省。藉由與圖4至8所示之重新組態相關的排程表及物流協同效果以及在製造位點而非操作位點進行更多預調試致冷及液化加工系統的機會實現額外益處。
圖9描繪使用根據所揭示態樣的合併之致冷及液化模組加工天然氣以生產液化天然氣(LNG)的方法900。在步驟902中,天然氣係在一或多個熱交換器之第一陣列中使用來自第一致冷劑線路的第一致冷劑冷卻,其中第一致冷劑係於第一壓縮機中壓縮。在步驟904中,來自第二致冷劑線路之第二致冷劑係在第二壓縮機中壓縮。在步驟906中,該經壓縮之第二致冷劑係在位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的一或多個熱交換器之第二陣列中使用該第一致冷劑冷卻及部分凝結。在步驟908中,使用位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的致冷劑分離器將該部分凝結之第二致冷劑分離成液相及氣相。在步驟910中,在一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列中使用該部分凝結之第二致冷劑的氣相及液相將該天然氣液化以產生LNG。
圖9中所描繪的步驟僅供說明目的,及可能不需要特別步驟以進行本發明方法。此外,圖9可能不說明可進行的所有步驟。申請專利範圍(且只有申請專利範
圍)界定本發明系統及方法。
所揭示之態樣可用於烴類管理作業。如本文所使用之「烴類管理」或「管理烴類」包括烴類提取、烴類生產、烴類探勘、識別可能烴類資源、識別井之位置、判定井之注入及/或提取速率、識別儲集層連接性、獲取、處置及/或放棄烴類資源、檢視先前的烴類管理決定、及任何其他烴類相關法規或作業。用語「烴類管理」亦用於注入或貯存烴類或CO2,例如封存CO2,諸如儲集層評估、開發規畫、及儲集層管理。所揭示之方法及技術可用於從地下區域提取烴類及/或加工該等烴類。可從儲集層提取烴類及污染物並加工。該等烴類及污染物可例如在本文所述之LNG廠中加工。其他烴類提取作業,及更常見的,其他烴類管理作業,可根據已知原理進行。
應暸解可在不違背本發明範圍的情況下對前述揭示進行眾多變化、修改及改變。因此,前述說明無意局限本發明範圍。而是本發明範圍僅由附錄申請專利範圍及其等效物決定。亦預期本發明實例中之結構及特徵可改變、重新配置、取代、刪除、複製、組合、或添加至彼此。
16‧‧‧主要低溫熱交換器
300‧‧‧LNG生產設施
312‧‧‧進料氣體管
314‧‧‧進料氣體丙烷冷凍器
318‧‧‧水力渦輪機
320‧‧‧LNG貯存槽
322‧‧‧揮發氣壓縮機
324a、324b、332a、332b、334a、334b‧‧‧壓縮機
328‧‧‧冷卻器元件
330‧‧‧混合致冷劑冷凍器
336a、336b、338a、338b‧‧‧級間及排放冷卻器
340‧‧‧混合致冷劑分離器
342、344‧‧‧管
346a、346b‧‧‧軸
348a、348b‧‧‧渦輪組合件
406‧‧‧合併之致冷及液化模組
Claims (16)
- 一種使用合併之致冷及液化模組加工天然氣以產生液化天然氣(LNG)之方法,其包含:(a)在一或多個熱交換器之第一陣列中使用來自第一致冷劑線路的第一致冷劑冷卻該天然氣,其中該第一致冷劑係於第一壓縮機中壓縮;(b)在第二壓縮機中壓縮來自第二致冷劑線路之第二致冷劑;(c)在位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的一或多個熱交換器之第二陣列中使用該第一致冷劑冷卻及部分凝結該經壓縮之第二致冷劑;(d)使用位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中的致冷劑分離器將該部分凝結之第二致冷劑分離成液相及氣相;及(e)在一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列中使用該部分凝結之第二致冷劑的氣相及液相將該天然氣液化以產生LNG。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該一或多個熱交換器之第一陣列位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該致冷劑分離器係與該至少一個熱交換器之第二陣列連接,使連接該致冷劑分離器之入口與該至少一個熱交換器之第二陣列之最接近熱交換器的出口之加工管線長度小於十公尺。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含在操作位點將該熱交換器之第三陣列連接至該合併之致冷及液化模組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該一或多個熱交換器之第三陣列係安裝在與該合併之致冷及液化模組分開的模組中,且係在操作位點連接至該合併之致冷及液化模組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:在步驟(e)之前,使用安裝在該合併之致冷及液化模組中之洗滌塔從該天然氣移除重烴類組分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:在該合併之致冷及液化模組中,使該部分凝結之液態致冷劑的液態流等熵(isentropically)膨脹。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:在該合併之致冷及液化模組中,使該LNG等熵膨脹。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:在該合併之致冷及液化模組中,提供用於(a)末端閃蒸(end-flashing)該LNG及/或(b)脫氮(nitrogen rejection)的組件。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:在該合併之致冷及液化模組中包括提供該第一致冷劑用之緩衝液態貯存的累積槽(accumulator vessel)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中提供該第一致冷劑之過冷的過冷熱交換器包括在該合併之致冷及液化 模組中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該第一致冷劑為丙烷及/或丙烯,而該第二致冷劑為包括甲烷、乙烷及/或乙烯及丙烷及/或丙烯之混合致冷劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含將一或多個熱交換器之第四陣列定位在該合併之致冷及液化模組中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:將管線陣列配置於該合併之致冷及液化模組上,該管線陣列經建構以使該合併之致冷及液化模組上的組件連接至該合併之致冷及液化模組所在的LNG設施中之其他模組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其還包含:將管線陣列配置於該合併之致冷及液化模組上,該管線陣列經建構以使該合併之致冷及液化模組所在的LNG設施中之第一額外模組上的組件連接至該LNG設施中之第二額外模組。
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CA3057262A1 (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Jgc Corporation | Module for natural gas liquefier apparatus and natural gas liquefier apparatus |
SG11202100389RA (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2021-02-25 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Conserving mixed refrigerant in natural gas liquefaction facilities |
WO2021070282A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-15 | 日揮グローバル株式会社 | 天然ガス液化装置 |
JP7313466B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-29 | 2023-07-24 | 日揮グローバル株式会社 | 天然ガス液化装置 |
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CN101517340B (zh) * | 2006-09-28 | 2011-07-27 | 奥特洛夫工程有限公司 | 烃类气体处理 |
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US20110094261A1 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Natural gas liquefaction core modules, plants including same and related methods |
DE102012017653A1 (de) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-06 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion |
AP2015008770A0 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd | Air-cooled modular lng production facility |
US9810478B2 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2017-11-07 | Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership | Floating liquefied natural gas commissioning system and method |
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2016
- 2016-09-16 CA CA3000821A patent/CA3000821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-16 WO PCT/US2016/052149 patent/WO2017062154A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-16 EP EP16774756.7A patent/EP3359895A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-09-16 JP JP2018517769A patent/JP2018531355A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-09-16 US US15/267,743 patent/US20170097188A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-16 AU AU2016335557A patent/AU2016335557A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-16 KR KR1020187012662A patent/KR20180064471A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-09-26 TW TW106141913A patent/TW201812235A/zh unknown
- 2016-09-26 TW TW105131063A patent/TWI614471B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2020
- 2020-02-19 AU AU2020201192A patent/AU2020201192A1/en not_active Abandoned
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TW454086B (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-09-11 | Air Prod & Chem | Hybrid cycle for the production of liquefied natural gas |
US20070149838A1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-06-28 | Total S.A. | Method for adjusting the high heating value of gas in the LNG chain |
CN101517340B (zh) * | 2006-09-28 | 2011-07-27 | 奥特洛夫工程有限公司 | 烃类气体处理 |
US20110056237A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2011-03-10 | Hi Corporation | Method and apparatus for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream |
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AU2020201192A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
CA3000821A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
TW201727175A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
EP3359895A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
KR20180064471A (ko) | 2018-06-14 |
US20170097188A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
JP2018531355A (ja) | 2018-10-25 |
AU2016335557A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
WO2017062154A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
TW201812235A (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
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