TWI611654B - Apparatus and method for generating electrical energy - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for generating electrical energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI611654B TWI611654B TW104117627A TW104117627A TWI611654B TW I611654 B TWI611654 B TW I611654B TW 104117627 A TW104117627 A TW 104117627A TW 104117627 A TW104117627 A TW 104117627A TW I611654 B TWI611654 B TW I611654B
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- compressed fluid
- fluid container
- electrical energy
- unit
- thermoelectric generator
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/02—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being an unheated pressurised gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
在一種用於產生電能的設備中，壓縮流體從壓縮流體容器流到渦輪發電機單元，渦輪發電機單元產生電能。壓縮流體在流出時冷卻，使得至少一個熱電發電機由流出的壓縮流體的溫度和環境溫度之間的溫度差產生電能。該設備能夠以簡單、有效、可靠並且靈活的方式借助壓縮流體產生電能。 In an apparatus for generating electrical energy, compressed fluid flows from a compressed fluid container to a turbine-generator unit, which generates electrical energy. The compressed fluid cools as it flows out, so that at least one thermoelectric generator generates electrical energy from the temperature difference between the temperature of the outgoing compressed fluid and the ambient temperature. The device can generate electrical energy by means of compressed fluids in a simple, effective, reliable and flexible manner.
Description
本發明涉及一種根據請求項1的前序部分所述的用於產生電能的設備。本發明還涉及一種用於產生電能的方法。 The present invention relates to a device for generating electrical energy according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for generating electrical energy.
從DE 100 07 865 A1中已知一種用於產生電能的設備，其中壓縮氣體從壓縮氣體罐經由渦輪機輸送。借助發電機將渦輪機的機械能轉換為電能。為了實現改進設備的效率，通過對壓縮氣體罐加熱來提高壓縮氣體罐中的壓力。 From DE 100 07 865 A1 an apparatus for generating electrical energy is known, in which compressed gas is delivered from a compressed gas tank via a turbine. The generator converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. In order to achieve improved equipment efficiency, the pressure in the compressed gas tank is increased by heating the compressed gas tank.
本發明要解決的技術問題是，實現一種設備，其使得能夠以簡單、有效、可靠並且靈活的方式借助壓縮流體產生電能。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize a device that enables the generation of electrical energy by means of compressed fluids in a simple, effective, reliable and flexible manner.
上述技術問題通過具有請求項1的特徵的設備來解決。通過在壓縮流體噴出壓縮流體容器時冷卻，在壓縮流體的溫度和環境溫度之間產生溫度差。借助至少一個熱 電發電機，由該溫度差產生電能，除了借助渦輪發電機單元產生的電能之外，還提供該電能。由於借助至少一個熱電發電機的附加電能產生，根據本發明的設備的效率或性能以簡單的方式相對於現有技術得到提高。 The above technical problem is solved by a device having the characteristics of claim 1. By cooling the compressed fluid as it exits the compressed fluid container, a temperature difference is created between the temperature of the compressed fluid and the ambient temperature. With the help of at least one heat The electric generator generates electric energy from the temperature difference, and supplies the electric energy in addition to the electric energy generated by the turbine generator unit. Due to the generation of additional electrical energy by means of at least one thermoelectric generator, the efficiency or performance of the device according to the invention is improved in a simple manner relative to the prior art.
根據請求項2的設備確保簡單並且有效的電能產 生。壓縮流體容器基本上具有流出並且冷卻的壓縮流體的溫度。通過保持單元，可將所述至少一個熱電發電機定位，使得熱電發電機在壓縮流體容器固定的狀態下與其進行熱接觸、特別是靠置於其上，使得在所述至少一個熱電發電機的冷側上存在比環境溫度低的溫度。保持單元尤其是構建為使得可替換壓縮流體容器。為此，保持單元例如形成樞轉軸，使得為了替換空的壓縮流體容器，可將所述至少一個熱電發電機從其取下，並且在充滿壓縮流體的壓縮流體容器固定的狀態下，可將所述至少一個熱電發電機靠置到其上。優選的是，保持單元具有至少一個保持元件，使得可將所述至少一個熱電發電機朝著壓縮流體容器按壓。 The equipment according to claim 2 ensures simple and efficient power generation Health. The compressed fluid container basically has the temperature of the compressed fluid that flows out and cools. By means of the holding unit, the at least one thermoelectric generator can be positioned so that the thermoelectric generator is in thermal contact with the compressed fluid container in a fixed state, particularly leaning on it, so that the at least one thermoelectric generator There is a temperature on the cold side that is lower than the ambient temperature. The holding unit is constructed in particular such that the compressed fluid container can be replaced. For this purpose, the holding unit forms, for example, a pivot shaft so that in order to replace an empty compressed fluid container, the at least one thermoelectric generator can be removed therefrom, and in a state where the compressed fluid container filled with compressed fluid is fixed, all The at least one thermoelectric generator rests thereon. Preferably, the holding unit has at least one holding element, so that the at least one thermoelectric generator can be pressed towards the compressed fluid container.
根據請求項3的設備確保有效的電能產生。通過 導熱元件，在壓縮流體容器和所述至少一個熱電發電機的冷側之間實現小的熱阻。由於導熱元件尤其是可變形，因此在壓縮流體容器的彎曲的外側上實現大的接觸面，由此實現小的熱阻。導熱元件例如構建為導熱墊。 The device according to claim 3 ensures effective power generation. by The thermally conductive element achieves a small thermal resistance between the compressed fluid container and the cold side of the at least one thermoelectric generator. Since the heat-conducting element is particularly deformable, a large contact surface is achieved on the curved outer side of the compressed fluid container, thereby achieving a small thermal resistance. The thermally conductive element is designed as a thermal pad, for example.
根據請求項4的設備確保有效的電能產生。通過 至少一個導熱元件，在所述至少一個熱電發電機的暖側和周圍環境之間實現小的熱阻，使得在暖側施加環境溫度。 特別地，設置肋作為導熱元件，其確保大的表面並且由此確保小的熱阻。優選的是，所述至少一個導熱元件是保持單元的一部分。優選的是，所述至少一個導熱元件由能夠導熱的金屬製成，該金屬在0℃時具有至少40W/m．K、特別是至少100W/m．K、特別是至少200W/m．K的熱導率。 The device according to claim 4 ensures effective power generation. by At least one heat-conducting element achieves a small thermal resistance between the warm side of the at least one thermoelectric generator and the surrounding environment, so that an ambient temperature is applied on the warm side. In particular, ribs are provided as heat-conducting elements, which ensure a large surface and thus a small thermal resistance. Preferably, the at least one heat-conducting element is part of the holding unit. Preferably, the at least one heat-conducting element is made of a metal capable of conducting heat, the metal having at least 40 W / m at 0 ° C. K, especially at least 100W / m. K, especially at least 200W / m. K's thermal conductivity.
根據請求項5的設備確保簡單並且有效的電能產 生。通過可以沿著壓縮流體容器的外側佈置多個熱電發電機，因此可以極其有效地由壓縮流體容器的溫度和環境溫度之間的溫度差產生電能。熱電發電機並聯和/或串聯連接。由於熱電發電機沿著部分圓弧佈置，熱電發電機朝著橫截面為圓形的壓縮流體容器的外側最佳地靠置。 The equipment according to claim 5 ensures simple and efficient power generation Health. Since it is possible to arrange a plurality of thermoelectric generators along the outside of the compressed fluid container, it is therefore extremely efficient to generate electrical energy from the temperature difference between the temperature of the compressed fluid container and the ambient temperature. Thermoelectric generators are connected in parallel and / or in series. Since the thermoelectric generator is arranged along a partial arc, the thermoelectric generator optimally abuts against the outside of the compressed fluid container having a circular cross-section.
根據請求項6的設備確保簡單的電能產生。通過 渦輪發電機單元和所述至少一個熱電發電機向至少一個能量記憶體供電，因此以簡單並且可靠的方式提供基本恆定的輸出電壓。所述至少一個能量記憶體能夠實現提供具有預先定義的電壓值的平滑的輸出電壓。此外，所述至少一個能量記憶體還在替換壓縮流體容器時，確保可靠的能量供應。所述至少一個電能記憶體例如構建為長期存儲電容器。作為長期存儲電容器，例如可以使用已知為Supercap(超級電容器)的鋰離子電容器。此外，例如可以使用使得輸出電壓平滑的存儲線圈作為能量記憶體。 The device according to claim 6 ensures simple power generation. by The turbine generator unit and the at least one thermoelectric generator supply at least one energy memory, thus providing a substantially constant output voltage in a simple and reliable manner. The at least one energy memory is capable of providing a smooth output voltage with a predefined voltage value. In addition, the at least one energy memory also ensures a reliable energy supply when replacing the compressed fluid container. The at least one electrical energy memory is designed as a long-term storage capacitor, for example. As a long-term storage capacitor, for example, a lithium ion capacitor known as a Supercap (supercapacitor) can be used. In addition, for example, a storage coil that smoothes the output voltage can be used as the energy memory.
根據請求項7的設備以簡單的方式確保電能的產 生。在需要電能時，可以用簡單的方式手動和/或自動地通過打開閥門將所述設備投入運行。如果不需要電能，則可 以用簡單的方式通過關閉閥門使能量產生停止。優選可以借助至少一個能量記憶體暫存由於存在溫度差而仍借助至少一個熱電發電機產生的電能。 The equipment according to claim 7 ensures the production of electrical energy in a simple manner Health. When electrical energy is required, the device can be put into operation manually and / or automatically by opening the valve in a simple manner. If electrical energy is not needed, you can The energy production is stopped in a simple way by closing the valve. Preferably, the electrical energy still generated by the at least one thermoelectric generator due to the temperature difference can be temporarily stored by the at least one energy memory.
根據請求項8的設備以簡單的方式確保滿足需要 的電能產生。通過借助控制單元可調節的閥門，電能的產生可以以簡單的方式自動開始和停止。為此，控制單元例如對使用者產生的信號和/或測量信號進行分析。例如，所述設備具有測量感測器，其對至少一個能量記憶體的充電狀態進行測量，並且向控制單元饋送相應的測量信號。依據測量信號，借助執行器操作閥門。當要使壓縮流體流量停止時，尤其是借助控制單元使閥門閉合，而當要調節壓縮流體流量時，借助控制單元使閥門打開。特別地，借助閥門可基本無級地調節壓縮流體流量。 The equipment according to claim 8 ensures in a simple way that the needs are met Of electricity. By means of a valve adjustable by the control unit, the generation of electrical energy can be started and stopped automatically in a simple manner. For this purpose, the control unit analyzes, for example, signals generated by the user and / or measurement signals. For example, the device has a measurement sensor that measures the state of charge of at least one energy memory and feeds the control unit with corresponding measurement signals. Based on the measurement signal, the valve is operated with the aid of an actuator. When the flow of compressed fluid is to be stopped, in particular the valve is closed by the control unit, and when the flow of compressed fluid is to be adjusted, the valve is opened by the control unit. In particular, the flow of compressed fluid can be adjusted substantially steplessly by means of a valve.
根據請求項9的設備確保簡單並且靈活的電能產 生和提供。通過借助控制單元在輸出接觸部可調節預先定義的輸出電壓，因此所述設備可靈活地使用。可以在控制單元中選擇相應的輸出電壓，和/或可以借助控制單元在不同的輸出接觸部提供不同的輸出電壓。例如，預先定義3.3V、5V和/或12V的直流電壓作為輸出電壓。 The equipment according to claim 9 ensures simple and flexible power generation Born and provided. By using the control unit to adjust the predefined output voltage at the output contact, the device can be used flexibly. Corresponding output voltages can be selected in the control unit, and / or different output voltages can be provided by the control unit at different output contacts. For example, a DC voltage of 3.3V, 5V and / or 12V is predefined as the output voltage.
根據請求項10的設備確保簡單、有效、可靠並且
靈活的能量供應。相應的壓縮流體容器以可替換的方式佈置在固定單元處，其中，至少一個熱電發電機與壓縮流體容器熱接觸，並且尤其是朝著壓縮流體容器的外側或外壁靠置。至少一個熱電發電機尤其是利用壓緊力朝著壓縮流
體容器的外側靠置，使得熱阻較小。壓縮流體容器優選由具有熱導率λ的材料製成，其中，對於熱導率λ在0℃時適用：λ
此外，本發明要解決的技術問題是，實現一種方法，其使得能夠以簡單、有效、可靠並且靈活的方式借助壓縮流體產生電能。 Furthermore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to implement a method that enables the generation of electrical energy by means of compressed fluids in a simple, effective, reliable and flexible manner.
上述技術問題通過具有請求項11的特徵的方法來解決。根據本發明的方法的優點對應於已經描述的根據本發明的設備的優點。特別地，也可以利用請求項1至10的特徵對根據本發明的方法進行擴展。 The above technical problem is solved by a method having the characteristics of claim 11. The advantages of the method according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the device according to the invention already described. In particular, it is also possible to extend the method according to the invention using the features of request items 1 to 10.
1‧‧‧設備 1‧‧‧Equipment
2‧‧‧基體 2‧‧‧Matrix
3‧‧‧渦輪發電機單元 3‧‧‧Turbine generator unit
4‧‧‧固定單元 4‧‧‧Fixed unit
5‧‧‧壓縮流體容器 5‧‧‧Compressed fluid container
6‧‧‧壓縮流體 6‧‧‧Compressed fluid
7‧‧‧內螺紋 7‧‧‧ female thread
8‧‧‧外螺紋 8‧‧‧Male thread
9‧‧‧壓縮流體通道 9‧‧‧Compressed fluid channel
10‧‧‧閥門 10‧‧‧Valve
11‧‧‧操作元件 11‧‧‧operating element
12‧‧‧執行器 12‧‧‧Actuator
13‧‧‧渦輪 13‧‧‧Turbo
14‧‧‧軸 14‧‧‧axis
15‧‧‧發電機 15‧‧‧Generator
16‧‧‧熱電發電機/發電機 16‧‧‧thermoelectric generator / generator
17‧‧‧保持單元 17‧‧‧ Holding unit
18、19‧‧‧保持元件 18, 19‧‧‧ holding element
20‧‧‧內室 20‧‧‧Inner room
21‧‧‧樞轉連接裝置 21‧‧‧Pivot connection device
22‧‧‧封閉元件 22‧‧‧Closed element
23‧‧‧冷側 23‧‧‧cold side
24‧‧‧暖側 24‧‧‧ Warm side
25、26‧‧‧第一導熱元件 25、26‧‧‧The first heat conduction element
27‧‧‧第二導熱元件 27‧‧‧The second heat conduction element
28‧‧‧封閉部件 28‧‧‧Closed parts
29‧‧‧控制單元 29‧‧‧Control unit
30、31‧‧‧能量記憶體/電能記憶 體 30、31‧‧‧Energy memory / electric energy memory body
33、36‧‧‧能量記憶體 33, 36‧‧‧ energy memory
32‧‧‧電容器/電能記憶體 32‧‧‧Capacitor / electric energy memory
34、35‧‧‧存儲線圈 34, 35‧‧‧ storage coil
37‧‧‧支持電容器 37‧‧‧Support capacitor
38‧‧‧平滑電容器 38‧‧‧Smoothing capacitor
39‧‧‧輸出接觸部 39‧‧‧ Output contact
40‧‧‧擴散器 40‧‧‧Diffusion
U1、U2‧‧‧輸入電壓 U 1 , U 2 ‧‧‧ input voltage
U3‧‧‧輸出電壓 U 3 ‧‧‧ output voltage
T1、T2、T3‧‧‧溫度 T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ‧‧‧Temperature
T0‧‧‧環境溫度 T 0 ‧‧‧Ambient temperature
△T‧‧‧溫度差 △ T‧‧‧Temperature difference
從下面對實施例的描述中得出本發明的其他特徵、優點和細節。其中：圖1示出了具有渦輪發電機單元並且具有熱電發電機的用於產生電能的設備的示意圖，圖2示出了沿著圖1中的切割線II-II通過所述設備的示意性截面圖，以及圖3示出了借助渦輪發電機單元和熱電發電機產 生輸出電壓的電路圖。 Other features, advantages, and details of the present invention are derived from the following description of the embodiments. Among them: FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for generating electrical energy with a turbo-generator unit and a thermoelectric generator, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of passing the device along the cutting line II-II in FIG. 1 The cross-sectional view, and FIG. 3 shows the production by means of the turbine generator unit and the thermoelectric generator Circuit diagram for generating output voltage.
如圖1至圖3所示，用於產生電能的設備1具有基體2，其上佈置有渦輪發電機單元3和用於固定壓縮流體容器5的固定單元4。填充有壓縮流體6的壓縮流體容器5以可替換的方式固定在固定單元4上。為此，固定單元4例如設置有內螺紋7，具有相關聯的外螺紋8的壓縮流體容器5可旋入內螺紋7中。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the device 1 for generating electrical energy has a base body 2 on which a turbine generator unit 3 and a fixing unit 4 for fixing a compressed fluid container 5 are arranged. The compressed fluid container 5 filled with the compressed fluid 6 is fixed to the fixing unit 4 in an alternative manner. For this purpose, the fixing unit 4 is for example provided with an internal thread 7 into which the compressed fluid container 5 with the associated external thread 8 can be screwed.
例如液態的空氣或N2CO2適合作為壓縮流體6。優選使用由鋁製成的壓縮流體容器5。壓縮流體容器5例如構建為標準化的罐和/或筒。填充有壓縮流體6的壓縮流體容器5尤其是具有至少30巴、尤其是至少40巴、尤其是至少50巴的過壓。 For example, liquid air or N 2 CO 2 is suitable as the compressed fluid 6. Preferably, a compressed fluid container 5 made of aluminum is used. The compressed fluid container 5 is constructed, for example, as a standardized tank and / or cartridge. The compressed fluid container 5 filled with compressed fluid 6 has in particular an overpressure of at least 30 bar, in particular at least 40 bar, in particular at least 50 bar.
在固定單元4和渦輪發電機單元3之間佈置有具有閥門10的壓縮流體通道9，從而壓縮流體6可以從壓縮流體容器5流向渦輪發電機單元3。閥門10可借助操作元件11操作。操作元件11可以手動和/或尤其是借助執行器12自動地操作。擴散器40佈置在渦輪發電機單元3後面，以使壓縮流體6流出到周圍環境中。渦輪發電機單元3按照通常的方式具有渦輪13，其經由軸14與發電機15機械地耦合。發電機15用於產生電能，並且優選利用永磁體工作。 A compressed fluid passage 9 having a valve 10 is arranged between the fixed unit 4 and the turbine generator unit 3 so that the compressed fluid 6 can flow from the compressed fluid container 5 to the turbine generator unit 3. The valve 10 can be operated by means of an operating element 11. The operating element 11 can be operated manually and / or in particular automatically by means of the actuator 12. The diffuser 40 is arranged behind the turbine generator unit 3 so that the compressed fluid 6 flows out into the surrounding environment. The turbine generator unit 3 has a turbine 13 in a usual manner, which is mechanically coupled to the generator 15 via a shaft 14. The generator 15 is used to generate electrical energy and preferably works with permanent magnets.
此外，用於產生電能的設備1具有串聯和/或並聯連接的多個熱電發電機16。設備1具有保持單元17，用於固定並定位熱電發電機16。保持單元17具有兩個橫截面為半 圓形的保持元件18、19，其形成用於容納壓縮流體容器5的內室20的邊界。保持元件18、19借助樞轉連接裝置21、例如鉸鏈彼此連接，並且可以借助封閉元件22在與樞轉連接裝置21對置的側打開，或者在形成按壓力的情況下閉合。保持單元17可相對於固定單元4定位，使得用於產生電能的熱電發電機16直接或間接經由第一導熱元件25、26朝著壓縮流體容器5的外側靠置。第一導熱元件25、26例如構建為可變形的導熱墊。特別地，熱電發電機16沿著壓縮流體容器5的整個環周佈置。熱電發電機16優選具有1.0至2.0cm2的尺寸，並且優選借助可變形的第一導熱元件25、26按壓到壓縮流體容器5的外側或表面上。 Furthermore, the device 1 for generating electrical energy has a plurality of thermoelectric generators 16 connected in series and / or in parallel. The device 1 has a holding unit 17 for fixing and positioning the thermoelectric generator 16. The holding unit 17 has two holding elements 18, 19 with a semicircular cross section, which form the boundary of the inner chamber 20 for receiving the compressed fluid container 5. The holding elements 18, 19 are connected to each other by means of a pivot connection 21, for example a hinge, and can be opened on the side opposite the pivot connection 21 by means of a closing element 22, or closed when a pressing force is formed. The holding unit 17 can be positioned relative to the fixing unit 4 such that the thermoelectric generator 16 for generating electrical energy lies directly or indirectly via the first heat-conducting elements 25, 26 towards the outside of the compressed fluid container 5. The first heat-conducting elements 25, 26 are designed as deformable heat-conducting pads, for example. In particular, the thermoelectric generator 16 is arranged along the entire circumference of the compressed fluid container 5. The thermoelectric generator 16 preferably has a size of 1.0 to 2.0 cm 2 and is preferably pressed against the outside or surface of the compressed fluid container 5 by means of the deformable first heat conduction elements 25, 26.
熱電發電機16具有冷側23和相對的暖側24，用於產生電能。熱電發電機16以暖側24固定在相應的保持元件18、19上，使得冷側23朝向內室20和佈置在其中的壓縮流體容器5。熱電發電機16的暖側24優選借助導熱膏與分別相關聯的保持元件18、19接觸。每個保持元件18、19與佈置在熱電發電機16的冷側23上的一個第一導熱元件25、26相關聯。第一導熱元件25、26可變形，使得其朝著冷側23和壓縮流體容器5的外側大面積地靠置，並且改善壓縮流體容器5和冷側23之間的熱傳導能力。熱電發電機16沿著形狀與壓縮流體容器5的外側相對應的圓弧佈置，使得熱電發電機16可以與壓縮流體容器5形成熱接觸。 The thermoelectric generator 16 has a cold side 23 and an opposite warm side 24 for generating electrical energy. The thermoelectric generator 16 is fixed on the corresponding holding elements 18, 19 with the warm side 24, so that the cold side 23 faces the inner chamber 20 and the compressed fluid container 5 arranged therein. The warm side 24 of the thermoelectric generator 16 is preferably in contact with the respectively associated holding elements 18, 19 by means of thermally conductive paste. Each holding element 18, 19 is associated with a first heat-conducting element 25, 26 arranged on the cold side 23 of the thermoelectric generator 16. The first heat-conducting element 25, 26 can be deformed so that it abuts against the cold side 23 and the outside of the compressed fluid container 5 over a large area, and improves the heat conduction ability between the compressed fluid container 5 and the cold side 23. The thermoelectric generator 16 is arranged along an arc shape corresponding to the outside of the compressed fluid container 5 so that the thermoelectric generator 16 can make thermal contact with the compressed fluid container 5.
在熱電發電機16的暖側24上佈置有第二導熱元件27，其改善周圍環境和暖側24之間的熱傳導能力。第二 導熱元件27構建為保持元件18、19中的肋，並且相應地增大至周圍環境的表面。保持元件18、19以及第二導熱元件27例如由鋁製成。 A second heat-conducting element 27 is arranged on the warm side 24 of the thermoelectric generator 16, which improves the thermal conductivity between the surrounding environment and the warm side 24. second The heat-conducting element 27 is constructed to hold the ribs in the elements 18, 19 and increases accordingly to the surface of the surrounding environment. The holding elements 18, 19 and the second heat-conducting element 27 are made of aluminum, for example.
為了保護壓縮流體容器5，可借助封閉部件28將內室20封閉，封閉部件28可以可鬆開地固定在基體2上。 In order to protect the compressed fluid container 5, the inner chamber 20 can be closed by means of a closing member 28, which can be releasably fixed to the base body 2.
設備1具有控制單元29，其電連接到發電機15和熱電發電機16。發電機15提供第一輸入電壓U1，並且熱電發電機16提供第二輸入電壓U2。發電機15、16經由控制單元29導電地連接到第一電能記憶體30和第二電能記憶體31。第一能量記憶體30用於控制單元29的自身供電。第一能量記憶體30尤其是構建為電容器電路。第二能量記憶體31用於電能的長期存儲。為此，第二能量記憶體31具有多個電容器32。電容器32尤其是鋰離子電容器，其也被稱為Supercap(超級電容器)或鋰離子Cap。此外，控制單元29與用於自動操作閥門10的執行器12信號連接。這在圖1和3中通過虛線示出。 The device 1 has a control unit 29 which is electrically connected to a generator 15 and a thermoelectric generator 16. The generator 15 provides a first input voltage U 1 , and the thermoelectric generator 16 provides a second input voltage U 2 . The generators 15, 16 are electrically connected to the first electrical energy memory 30 and the second electrical energy memory 31 via the control unit 29. The first energy memory 30 is used for self-power supply of the control unit 29. The first energy memory 30 is in particular designed as a capacitor circuit. The second energy memory 31 is used for long-term storage of electrical energy. For this, the second energy memory 31 has a plurality of capacitors 32. The capacitor 32 is especially a lithium ion capacitor, which is also called a Supercap (supercapacitor) or a lithium ion Cap. In addition, the control unit 29 is in signal connection with an actuator 12 for automatically operating the valve 10. This is shown by dotted lines in FIGS. 1 and 3.
為了產生輸出電壓U3，控制單元29導電地連接到由兩個存儲線圈34、35形成的第三能量記憶體33。存儲線圈34、35可以借助控制單元29由能量記憶體31交替充電，並且用於提供輸出電壓U3。為了提供盡可能恆定的輸出電壓U3，設置有具有支持電容器37以及平滑電容器38的第四能量記憶體36。輸出電壓U3可在輸出接觸部39上採集。為此，輸出接觸部39例如構建為USB插口。控制單元29以及能量記憶體30、31、33和36固定在基體2上。 In order to generate the output voltage U 3 , the control unit 29 is conductively connected to the third energy memory 33 formed by the two storage coils 34, 35. Storing coils 34, 35 by means of the control unit 29 from the memory 31 alternately charging energy, and for providing an output voltage U 3. In order to provide the output voltage U 3 as constant as possible, a fourth energy memory 36 with a supporting capacitor 37 and a smoothing capacitor 38 is provided. The output voltage U 3 can be collected on the output contact 39. For this purpose, the output contact 39 is designed as a USB socket, for example. The control unit 29 and the energy memories 30, 31, 33 and 36 are fixed on the base 2.
設備1的工作方式如下： 為了產生電能，首先借助操作元件11打開閥門 10。這可以手動或者借助執行器12基於控制單元29的控制命令進行。壓縮流體6從壓縮流體容器5通過壓縮流體通道9流入渦輪發電機單元3中，並且在那裡驅動渦輪13。渦輪13又經由軸14驅動發電機15，其由壓縮流體6的流動能量產生電能並且提供輸入電壓U1。所產生的能量取決於借助閥門10和控制單元29可調節的壓縮流體流量。壓縮流體流量例如可以借助執行器12以閥門10的“開”和“閉”兩級和/或無級地調節。控制單元29監控閥門10，以確定壓縮流體6是否仍從壓縮流體容器5流出，或者需要替換壓縮流體容器5。 The device 1 works as follows: In order to generate electrical energy, the valve 10 is first opened by means of the operating element 11. This can be done manually or with the aid of the actuator 12 based on the control commands of the control unit 29. The compressed fluid 6 flows from the compressed fluid container 5 through the compressed fluid passage 9 into the turbine-generator unit 3, and drives the turbine 13 there. The turbine 13 in turn drives the generator 15 via the shaft 14, which generates electrical energy from the flowing energy of the compressed fluid 6 and provides the input voltage U 1 . The energy produced depends on the compressed fluid flow that can be adjusted by means of the valve 10 and the control unit 29. The compressed fluid flow rate can be adjusted in two steps and / or steplessly by means of the actuator 12 with the valve 10 "open" and "closed", for example. The control unit 29 monitors the valve 10 to determine whether the compressed fluid 6 is still flowing from the compressed fluid container 5 or the compressed fluid container 5 needs to be replaced.
存儲在壓縮流體容器5中的壓縮流體6首先具有 第一溫度T1。在流出時，壓縮流體6膨脹，並且在此冷卻到第二溫度T2。由於壓縮流體6流出，壓縮流體容器5也冷卻到大約與流出的壓縮流體6的溫度T2相等的第三溫度T3。優選的是，壓縮流體容器5由具有高熱傳導能力的材料製成，例如由鋁製成。溫度T3經由導熱元件25、26傳輸到熱電發電機16的冷側23。溫度T3低於環境溫度T0，其又經由第二導熱元件27傳輸到熱電發電機16的暖側24。由此，在熱電發電機16上存在溫度差△T=T0-T3=T0-T2，其基於塞貝克效應(Seebeckeffekt)使得熱電發電機16產生電能，並且提供第二輸入電壓U2。 The compressed fluid 6 stored in the compressed fluid container 5 first has a first temperature T 1 . On the outflow, the compressed fluid 6 expands and is cooled here to the second temperature T 2 . As the compressed fluid 6 flows out, the compressed fluid container 5 is also cooled to a third temperature T 3 that is approximately equal to the temperature T 2 of the compressed fluid 6 that flows out. It is preferable that the compressed fluid container 5 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum. The temperature T 3 is transmitted to the cold side 23 of the thermoelectric generator 16 via the heat-conducting elements 25, 26. The temperature T 3 is lower than the ambient temperature T 0 , which in turn is transmitted via the second heat-conducting element 27 to the warm side 24 of the thermoelectric generator 16. As a result, there is a temperature difference ΔT = T 0 -T 3 = T 0 -T 2 on the thermoelectric generator 16, which, based on the Seebeck effect, causes the thermoelectric generator 16 to generate electrical energy and provides the second input voltage U 2 .
借助輸入電壓U1和U2，首先對用於向控制單元29 自身供電的第一能量記憶體30充電。隨後，對第二能量記 憶體31充電，其存儲所產生的電能用於提供輸出電壓U3。 借助控制單元29可以選擇或設置不同的預先定義的輸出電壓U3。例如，提供U3=5V作為輸出電壓。為此，由第二能量記憶體31交替對存儲線圈34、35充電，並且又通過在輸出接觸部39上的能量提取而放電。第四能量記憶體36在此用於提供盡可能恆定的輸出電壓U3。 With the aid of the input voltages U 1 and U 2 , first the first energy memory 30 used to power the control unit 29 itself is charged. Subsequently, the second energy memory 31 is charged, which stores the generated electrical energy for providing the output voltage U 3 . The control unit 29 can be used to select or set different predefined output voltages U 3 . For example, U 3 = 5V is provided as the output voltage. For this purpose, the storage coils 34, 35 are alternately charged by the second energy memory 31, and discharged again by energy extraction at the output contact 39. The fourth energy memory 36 is used here to provide an output voltage U 3 that is as constant as possible.
優選的是，借助控制單元29對輸出電壓U3進行調節。為此，在第二能量記憶體31中對所產生的電能進行緩存，並且從那裡開始向連接的調節回路傳導，調節回路交替對存儲線圈34、35充電，並且提供盡可能恆定的輸出電壓U3。輸入電壓U1和U2尤其是處於0.6V至18V的範圍內。輸出電壓U3尤其是可調節地處於3.3V、5V和/或12V附近。由設備1自己向用於測量輸出電壓U3和/或用於測量壓縮流體流量的可能的感測器供給電能。 The output voltage U 3 is preferably adjusted by the control unit 29. For this purpose, the generated electrical energy is buffered in the second energy memory 31, and from there it is conducted to the connected regulating loop, which alternately charges the storage coils 34, 35 and provides the output voltage U as constant as possible 3 . The input voltages U 1 and U 2 are in particular in the range of 0.6V to 18V. In particular, the output voltage U 3 is adjustable in the vicinity of 3.3V, 5V and / or 12V. The device 1 itself supplies electrical energy to the possible sensors for measuring the output voltage U 3 and / or for measuring the flow of compressed fluid.
如果存儲在壓縮流體容器5中的壓縮流體6全部流出，則必須用新的填充有壓縮流體6的壓縮流體容器5替換空的壓縮流體容器5，以進行進一步的能量產生。為此，首先手動和/或自動使閥門10閉合，並且將封閉部件28從基體2取下。之後，將封閉部件28打開，並且使保持元件19圍繞樞轉連接裝置21樞轉，使得第一導熱元件26與相關聯的熱電發電機16從空的壓縮流體容器5脫離。隨後，鬆開固定單元4和空的壓縮流體容器5之間的螺紋接合，並且將其從內室20中取出。 If all the compressed fluid 6 stored in the compressed fluid container 5 flows out, the empty compressed fluid container 5 must be replaced with a new compressed fluid container 5 filled with compressed fluid 6 for further energy generation. For this purpose, first the valve 10 is closed manually and / or automatically, and the closing member 28 is removed from the base body 2. Afterwards, the closing part 28 is opened and the holding element 19 is pivoted around the pivot connection 21 so that the first heat conducting element 26 and the associated thermoelectric generator 16 are detached from the empty compressed fluid container 5. Subsequently, the threaded engagement between the fixing unit 4 and the empty compressed fluid container 5 is released, and it is removed from the inner chamber 20.
隨後，在內室20中佈置新的壓縮流體容器5，並 且與固定單元4旋緊。現在，又使保持元件19圍繞樞轉連接裝置21樞轉，使得第一導熱元件26和相關聯的熱電發電機16又朝著新的壓縮流體容器5的外側靠置。為了重新投入運行，將封閉元件22閉合，並且將封閉部件28固定在基體2上。現在，電能的產生可以以已經描述的方式重新進行。 Subsequently, a new compressed fluid container 5 is arranged in the inner chamber 20, and And tighten with the fixing unit 4. Now, the holding element 19 is pivoted again about the pivot connection 21, so that the first heat-conducting element 26 and the associated thermoelectric generator 16 again rest towards the outside of the new compressed fluid container 5. In order to be put back into operation, the closing element 22 is closed, and the closing part 28 is fixed on the base body 2. Now, the generation of electrical energy can be repeated in the manner already described.
1‧‧‧設備 1‧‧‧Equipment
2‧‧‧基體 2‧‧‧Matrix
3‧‧‧渦輪發電機單元 3‧‧‧Turbine generator unit
4‧‧‧固定單元 4‧‧‧Fixed unit
5‧‧‧壓縮流體容器 5‧‧‧Compressed fluid container
6‧‧‧壓縮流體 6‧‧‧Compressed fluid
7‧‧‧內螺紋 7‧‧‧ female thread
8‧‧‧外螺紋 8‧‧‧Male thread
9‧‧‧壓縮流體通道 9‧‧‧Compressed fluid channel
10‧‧‧閥門 10‧‧‧Valve
11‧‧‧操作元件 11‧‧‧operating element
12‧‧‧執行器 12‧‧‧Actuator
13‧‧‧渦輪 13‧‧‧Turbo
14‧‧‧軸 14‧‧‧axis
16‧‧‧熱電發電機/發電機 16‧‧‧thermoelectric generator / generator
19‧‧‧保持元件 19‧‧‧ Holding element
20‧‧‧內室 20‧‧‧Inner room
21‧‧‧樞轉連接裝置 21‧‧‧Pivot connection device
22‧‧‧封閉元件 22‧‧‧Closed element
23‧‧‧冷側 23‧‧‧cold side
24‧‧‧暖側 24‧‧‧ Warm side
26‧‧‧第一導熱元件 26‧‧‧The first heat conduction element
27‧‧‧第二導熱元件 27‧‧‧The second heat conduction element
28‧‧‧封閉部件 28‧‧‧Closed parts
29‧‧‧控制單元 29‧‧‧Control unit
30、31‧‧‧能量記憶體/電能記憶體 30、31‧‧‧Energy memory / electric energy memory
33、36‧‧‧能量記憶體 33, 36‧‧‧ energy memory
39‧‧‧輸出接觸部 39‧‧‧ Output contact
40‧‧‧擴散器 40‧‧‧Diffusion
T1、T2、T3‧‧‧溫度 T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ‧‧‧Temperature
T0‧‧‧環境溫度 T 0 ‧‧‧Ambient temperature
△T‧‧‧溫度差 △ T‧‧‧Temperature difference
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111810268B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2024-06-07 | 四川大学 | Hot end constant temperature heat conduction type waste heat power generation device |
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| EP2574757A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-03 | Ed. Züblin AG | Method for operationg an adiabatic compressed air storage power plant and adiabatic compressed air storage power plant |
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| US20080128012A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-06-05 | Schick David B | Ground source energy generator |
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- 2014-06-30 DE DE102014212637.1A patent/DE102014212637B4/en active Active
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- 2015-06-29 WO PCT/EP2015/064655 patent/WO2016001117A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10007865A1 (en) * | 2000-02-21 | 2001-09-13 | Felch Florian | Electrical energy generation system uses gas released from pressurized gas capsule for driving electromechanical turbine/generator stage |
| WO2003081038A1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-02 | Hunt Robert D | Electric power and/or liquefied gas production from kinetic and/or thermal energy of pressurized fluids |
| US20140174097A1 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas turbine arrangement, power plant and method for the operation thereof |
| EP2574757A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-03 | Ed. Züblin AG | Method for operationg an adiabatic compressed air storage power plant and adiabatic compressed air storage power plant |
| CN103062003A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | 林晖凡 | Compressible fluid heat utilizing and temperature difference power output device |
| TW201334246A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-08-16 | Daniel Stewart Lang | Systems, methods and/or apparatus for thermoelectric energy generation |
| DE102013221573A1 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-18 | Magna Powertrain Ag & Co. Kg | Thermoelectric generator for use with internal combustion engine, has thermoelectric elements which are arranged on plates, such that each of thermoelectric elements is in contact with heating section and cooling section |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102014212637A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
| TW201607230A (en) | 2016-02-16 |
| DE102014212637B4 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
| WO2016001117A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
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