TWI602778B - Apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide system and method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Carbon dioxide capture device and system and method thereof

What is disclosed herein relates to a CO ₂ capture device and its use, and more particularly to a device for capturing carbon dioxide using a calcium cycle or a calcium looping cycle and applications thereof.

Calcium cycle or calcium loop carbon dioxide capture program is the use of high-yield and low-cost limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO ₃ ) calcined calciner to form calcium oxide (CaO), which is then placed in a carbonator. The adsorbent adsorbs carbon dioxide, and the calcium carbonate formed after the reaction of calcium oxide and carbon dioxide can be recycled and reused. It has now become widely used to capture carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, cement plants or industries.

A typical calcium cycle or calcium loop carbon dioxide capture technique is to interconnect the carbonator and calcination for a continuous reaction. Among them, the carbonation furnace is generally a fluidized bed type reactor. However, conventional fluidization In the practical operation of the bed type carbonation furnace, because the particle size distribution of the adsorbent is difficult to grasp, the power demand of the fluidized gas is high, and high pressure drop and channeling phenomenon are likely to occur, resulting in insufficient gas/solid phase. Mixing, there may even be a disadvantage of the dead zone that is completely unresponsive.

Therefore, how to ensure that the adsorbent particles are effectively disturbed in the reaction tank, so that the reaction gas with higher concentration of carbon dioxide can be fully mixed with the suspended adsorbent particles when passing through the fluidized bed reactor to achieve high adsorption and capture carbon dioxide efficiency. The effect has become an important issue in this technical field.

One embodiment of the present specification is to provide a carbon dioxide capture device comprising a shell portion and a reaction bed surface. The shell portion has a first open end and a second open end. The reaction bed surface is located in the shell portion for accommodating a plurality of adsorbent particles, and allows the reaction gas containing carbon dioxide to enter the shell portion, so that the adsorbent particles are suspended in the shell portion. And the reaction heat generated by the reaction of the adsorbent particles and the reaction gas excites the shell portion to emit a oscillating sound wave, and the turbulent sound wave disturbs the local turbulent flow of the reaction gas in the shell portion, prolonging the adsorbent particles in The time in which the suspension stays in the shell structure.

Another embodiment in the present specification is to provide a carbon dioxide capture system comprising a carbon dioxide capture device as previously described and a calciner. The calciner is connected to the shell portion for recovering and calcining the adsorbent particles after the reaction with the reaction gas.

Another embodiment in the present specification is to provide a carbon dioxide capture method comprising the steps of: first, providing a reaction vessel comprising a shell portion. Then, a plurality of adsorbent particles are placed in the envelope portion. Next, a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide is introduced into the envelope portion, and these adsorbent particles are suspended in the envelope portion. And the reaction heat generated by the action of the adsorbent particles and the reaction gas excites the shell portion to emit a oscillating sound wave.

In accordance with the above, embodiments of the present specification disclose a carbon dioxide capture device and a carbon dioxide capture system and method using the same. The invention adopts a reaction tank having a specific shell structure, and a plurality of adsorbent particles are placed in the shell structure of the reaction tank to react the adsorbent particles with the reaction gas containing carbon dioxide. Without additional heating means, only the reaction heat of the two can excite the shell structure to emit oscillating sound waves, and by the oscillating sound wave disturbance, the reaction gas generates high-intensity local turbulence in the shell portion, prolonging the adsorbent particles in The time in which the suspension stays in the shell structure. It not only helps to strengthen the uniform mixing of the adsorbent particles and the carbon dioxide gas/solid phase, prevents the occurrence of agglomeration and accumulation, and effectively improves the channelization and stagnation of the fluidized bed. The sonic effect can also promote the carbon dioxide in the reaction gas to penetrate deep into the porous structure of the adsorbent particles, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of the adsorbent.

20‧‧‧Carbon dioxide capture system

100‧‧‧Carbon dioxide capture device

101‧‧‧Reaction tank

101a‧‧‧ Shell Department

101a1‧‧‧first open end

101a2‧‧‧ second open end

101b‧‧‧air inlet

101c‧‧‧Exhaust port

101d‧‧‧carbonation reaction chamber

102A‧‧‧ adsorbent particles

102B‧‧‧calcium carbonate sorbent particles

103A‧‧‧Reaction gas with higher concentration of carbon dioxide

103B‧‧‧Carbon dioxide contains a small amount of reactive gas

104‧‧‧Reaction bed surface

104a‧‧‧through hole

105‧‧‧ below the acoustic decoupler

106‧‧‧Sound Acoustic Decoupler

106a‧‧‧ Feed inlet

107‧‧‧Drainage tube

107a‧‧‧ discharge opening

108‧‧‧Cooling device

108A‧‧‧Cooling water pipes

108B‧‧‧Cooling water

200‧‧‧calcining furnace

201‧‧‧New silo

202‧‧‧Air blower

203‧‧‧ gas/solid separator

L‧‧‧tube length

The above embodiments and other features, advantages and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. 1 is a component configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device according to an embodiment of the present specification; and FIG. 2 is a component configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide capture system according to an embodiment of the present specification.

The embodiments disclosed in the present specification relate to a carbon dioxide capture device and an application thereof, which can solve the conventional carbon dioxide capture device using a fluidized bed, because the adsorbent particles and the reaction gas gas phase/solid phase cannot be uniformly mixed, resulting in a knot. Block and accumulation phenomena, channelization and stagnation issues. The above described objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description of the appended claims.

However, it must be noted that these specific embodiments and methods are not intended to limit the invention. The invention may be practiced with other features, elements, methods and parameters. The preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical features of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Equivalent modifications and variations will be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In the different embodiments and the drawings, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a component configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device 100 according to an embodiment of the present specification. The carbon dioxide capture device 100 includes at least one reaction tank 101. In this manual In the embodiment, the reaction tank 101 may be a reaction tank of a carbonation furnace, which includes a hollow shell portion 101a, an air inlet 101b, and an exhaust port 101c.

The tube portion 101a may be a metal case for accommodating the adsorbent particles 102A and the reaction gas 103A having a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. The intake port 101b is located below the reaction vessel 101 and communicates with the envelope portion 101a to allow the reaction gas 103A of a high concentration of carbon dioxide to enter the envelope portion 101a. The exhaust port 101c is located above the reaction tank 101 and communicates with the envelope portion 101a to allow a smaller amount of the reaction gas 103B to be discharged after the carbon dioxide is captured.

In the present embodiment, the shell portion 101a is an upright metal round tube structure having a first open end 101a1 located below the reaction tank 101, near the inlet 101b, and a portion located above the reaction tank 101 near the exhaust port 101c. The second open end 101a2. The length L of the envelope from the first open end 101a1 to the second open end 101a2 is about the entire height of the reaction tank 101.

In addition, the reaction tank 101 further includes a reaction bed surface 104. In some embodiments of the present specification, the reaction bed surface 104 is a metal plate placed at a position 1/4 of the length (1/4 L) of the casing from the first open end 101a1, thereby above the reaction bed surface 104. There is a fluidized bed carbonation reaction chamber 101d. The reaction bed surface 104 can be used to carry the stationary adsorbent particles 102A before the reaction gas 103A having a higher concentration of carbon dioxide has not been introduced into the envelope portion 101a. The reaction bed surface 104 has a plurality of through holes 104a for allowing the reaction gas 103A of a higher concentration of carbon dioxide to uniformly pass through the reaction bed surface 104. And the adsorbent particles on the reaction bed surface 104 are caused by the gas flow power or wind pressure of the reaction gas 103A having a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide. The pellet 102A is suspended in the envelope portion 101a.

However, it is worth noting that the position of the reaction bed surface 104 is not limited to the above. In other embodiments of the present specification, the reaction bed surface 104 may be placed at a position between the first open end 101a1 and the length of the envelope from 1/12 to 1/2 of the length of the envelope.

The sorbent particles 102A may comprise one or more carbon dioxide sorbent materials. For example, in some embodiments of the present specification, the carbon dioxide adsorbing material may be selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, activated carbon, zeolite, silica xerogel, and any combination of the foregoing. In the present embodiment, the adsorbent particles 102A are composed of calcium oxide, and can be carbonated with carbon dioxide in the reaction gas 103A having a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. Its chemical reaction formula is as follows: CaO _{( s )} + CO _{2 ( g )} → CaCO _{3 ( s )} △ H = -180kJ / mole

Among them, the reaction heat ΔH of the carbonation reaction is about 180 kJ/mole (kJ/mole). The reaction heat ΔH generated by the reaction of the calcium oxide adsorbent particles 102A with the reaction gas 103A having a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide can excite the side wall of the envelope portion 101a to emit a oscillating sound wave.

In an embodiment of the present specification, the envelope portion 101a which can emit the oscillating sound wave is a Rijke tube system, and the vertical tube having the opening at both ends is heated by the reaction heat ΔH, and the fluid in the tube is utilized. The thermal instabi Lity, when the heat release Q' and the sound pressure disturbance P' in the tube have the following relationship and meet the following conditions, the sound wave is excited in the tube. P'(x,t)‧Q'(x,t)dxdt>0 where P' is the change of acoustic pressure; Q' is the change of heat release; T is the period of sound wave; L is the length of the tube (case length L ). x is the distance along the furnace body (the casing portion 101a); t is time.

When the heat release change of the reaction heat ΔH is in phase with the sound pressure change trend of the sound wave, the sound wave is excited and amplified. If the heat release position of the reaction heat ΔH is just located at the 1/4 case length (1/4L) from the first open end 101a1 below the envelope portion 101a, the maximum fundamental frequency sound wave can be excited. In the present embodiment, the wavelength of the sound emitted by the envelope portion 101a is one-half (L/2) of the total length of the envelope. If the length of the envelope is 3.2 meters, the acoustic frequency is about 70 Hz, and the sound can reach more than 150 decibels (dB). The acoustic frequency is inversely proportional to the length of the envelope, and the sound is related to energy.

When the sound wave is excited, due to the oscillation of the powerful sound wave, the powder fluidization phenomenon of the calcium oxide adsorbent particle 102A suspended above the reaction bed surface 104 is more severe and obvious, and then the upper and lower oscillations are continuously oscillated as the sound wave changes. Disturbed. This acoustic pulse effect not only helps to more fully mix the calcium oxide sorbent particle 102A powder with the higher concentration carbon dioxide reaction gas 103A, but also does not cause agglomeration and accumulation; at the same time, due to the sound wave pulsation Local high-intensity turbulence effect of reaction gas 103A which promotes high concentration of carbon dioxide It should also help carbon dioxide to penetrate deeper into the porous structure of the calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A, thereby increasing the overall utilization of the calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A and the carbon dioxide capture efficiency.

In an embodiment of the present specification, the first open end 101a1 and the upper second open end 101a2 below the envelope portion 101a may be selectively connected to a lower acoustic decoupler 105 and one, respectively. The upper acoustic wave decoupler 106 communicates the envelope portion 101a with the lower acoustic wave decoupler 105 and the upper acoustic wave decoupler 106 for eliminating acoustic wave oscillations from the envelope portion 101a.

In the present embodiment, both the lower acoustic wave decoupler 105 and the upper acoustic wave decoupler 106 are a housing structure, and both have two openings that are wide and narrow. The wider opening of the lower acoustic wave decoupler 105 is connected to the first open end 101a1 of the casing portion 101a; the narrower opening of the upper acoustic wave decoupler 106 is connected to the second open end 101a2 of the casing portion. To achieve the effect of eliminating sonic oscillation, the volume of the lower sonic decoupler 105 and the upper sonic decoupler 106 is preferably substantially more than 10 times the volume of the fluidized bed carbonation reaction chamber 101d.

In the present embodiment, the calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A enter the envelope portion 101a through the feed port 106a located on the side of the upper acoustic wave decoupling chamber 106, and then fall onto the reaction bed surface 104. The reaction gas 103A having a higher concentration of carbon dioxide is introduced into the envelope portion 101a through the lower acoustic wave decoupling chamber 105 through the inlet port 101b, and then uniformly passes through the reaction bed surface 104 and distributed on the reaction bed surface 104. The calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A are subjected to a carbonation reaction. Reacted with carbon dioxide The subsequent calcium carbonate sorbent particles 102B can be deposited by gravity into the reaction bed 104 and exit the reaction vessel 101 through the lower acoustic wave decoupler 105 via the discharge port 107a of the discharge tube 107. After the carbon dioxide capture, the reaction gas 103B having a lower carbon dioxide content is discharged through the upper acoustic wave decoupling chamber 106 and the exhaust port 101c, and is discharged to the atmosphere through a gas/solid separator and a filter (not shown).

Since the carbonation reaction is an exothermic reaction, it is not necessary to additionally provide a combustion device to heat the shell portion 101a, and only the side wall of the shell portion 101a can be excited by the reaction heat ΔH released by the carbonation reaction. The fundamental frequency sound waves cause a more uniform perturbation of the calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A that have been suspended by the reaction gas 103A above the reaction bed surface 104. In the present embodiment, the reaction temperature of the carbonation reaction is substantially between 600 ° C and 700 ° C.

In order to control the reaction temperature of the carbonation reaction, in some embodiments of the present specification, the carbon dioxide capture device 100 may include a cooling device 108 disposed inside or outside the upright tube of the envelope portion 101a. In the present embodiment, the inside of the casing portion 101a is provided with a cooling water pipe 108A, and the excessive carbonation reaction heat ΔH is removed by the cooling water 108B to control the furnace temperature of the casing portion 101a to be about 600 ° C. Up to 700 ° C.

The carbon dioxide capture device 100 can be combined with other devices to form a carbon dioxide capture system 20. For example, please refer to FIG. 2, which is a component configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide capture system 20 according to an embodiment of the present specification. In the present embodiment, the carbon dioxide capture system 20 is combined with the calciner 200 using the carbon dioxide capture device 100 provided in FIG. 1 to act on carbon dioxide. The subsequent calcium carbonate sorbent particles 102B are recovered and sent back to the calciner 200 for re-calcination to form calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A having good activity, followed by repeated recycling.

Wherein, the calcination temperature of the calciner 200 is substantially between 850 ° C and 950 ° C. The high concentration of carbon dioxide generated during the calcination of the calcium carbonate adsorbent particles 102B is sealed by a step (not shown) of filtration, condensation, compression, etc. of the carbon dioxide collecting device. The chemical reaction formula of calcined calcium carbonate is as follows: CaCO _{3 (s)} → CaO _(s) + CO _{2 (g)}

The fresh calcium carbonate sorbent particles 102B can also be discharged from the new silo 201 to the calciner 200 and calcined to form calcium oxide sorbent particles 102A having good activity. The high-temperature calcium oxide adsorbent particles 102A can pass through the gas/solid separator 203 by the gas-steam blower 202, enter the shell portion 101a from the upper acoustic wave decoupling chamber 106, and fall onto the reaction bed surface 104 to complete A cycle of a calcium cycle (or calcium circuit) carbon dioxide capture program.

In accordance with the above, embodiments of the present specification disclose a carbon dioxide capture device and a carbon dioxide capture system and method using the same. The invention adopts a reaction tank having a specific shell structure, and a plurality of adsorbent particles are placed in the shell structure of the reaction tank to react the adsorbent particles with the reaction gas containing carbon dioxide. Without additional heating means, only the reaction heat of the two can excite the shell structure to emit oscillating sound waves, and by the sound pressure disturbance, the reaction gas generates high-intensity local turbulence in the shell structure, prolonging the adsorbent particles in When the suspension is retained in the shell structure between. It not only helps to strengthen the uniform mixing of the adsorbent particles and the carbon dioxide gas/solid phase, prevents the occurrence of agglomeration and accumulation, and effectively improves the channelization and stagnation of the fluidized bed. The sonic effect can also promote the carbon dioxide in the reaction gas to penetrate deep into the porous structure of the adsorbent particles, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of the adsorbent.

Although the present specification has been disclosed above in the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. A person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

100‧‧‧Carbon dioxide capture device

101‧‧‧Reaction tank

101a‧‧‧ Shell Department

101a1‧‧‧first open end

101a2‧‧‧ second open end

101b‧‧‧air inlet

101c‧‧‧Exhaust port

101d‧‧‧carbonation reaction chamber

102A‧‧‧ adsorbent particles

102B‧‧‧calcium carbonate sorbent particles

103A‧‧‧Reaction gas with higher concentration of carbon dioxide

103B‧‧‧Carbon dioxide contains a small amount of reactive gas

104‧‧‧Reaction bed surface

104a‧‧‧through hole

105‧‧‧ below the acoustic decoupler

106‧‧‧Sound Acoustic Decoupler

106a‧‧‧ Feed inlet

107‧‧‧Drainage tube

107a‧‧‧ discharge opening

108‧‧‧Cooling device

108A‧‧‧Cooling water pipes

108B‧‧‧Cooling water

L‧‧‧tube length

Claims (16)

A CO ₂ capture device includes: a tubular portion having a first open end and a second open end, wherein the tubular portion is an upright circular tube having a first open end a casing length of the second open end; and a reaction bed surface located in the casing portion for accommodating a plurality of adsorbent particles and allowing a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide to enter the shell portion The adsorbent particles are suspended in the shell portion, wherein the reaction bed surface is located at a position between the first open end of the shell length 1/12 and the length of the shell 1/2; by the adsorption A reaction heat generated by the reaction of the agent particles with the reaction gas excites the envelope portion to emit a oscillating sound wave, and the oscillating sound wave disturbs the reaction gas to generate a local turbulent flow in the shell portion, thereby prolonging the The time during which the sorbent particles are suspended in the envelope portion. The carbon dioxide capture device of claim 1, further comprising: a first acoustic decoupler located at the first open end and communicating with the envelope portion; and a second acoustic wave A decoupler is located at the second open end and is in communication with the tube portion. The carbon dioxide capture device of claim 2, wherein the first The sonic decoupler and the second sonic decoupler each include a housing in communication with the envelope portion and having a volume substantially ten times that of the fluidized bed carbonation reaction chamber. The carbon dioxide capture device of claim 1, further comprising a cooling device disposed on the casing portion for controlling a reaction temperature in the casing portion. The carbon dioxide capture device of claim 4, wherein the adsorbent particles comprise calcium oxide (CaO), and the reaction temperature is substantially between 600 ° C and 700 ° C. A carbon dioxide capture system comprising: a reaction tank having a shell portion and a reaction bed surface, wherein the shell portion is an upright round tube having a first open end and a second open end; a reaction bed surface is located a first-stage bed carbonation reaction chamber is defined between the first open end and the second open end; a first sonic decoupler is located at the first open end, and And the second acoustic wave decoupler is located at the second open end and communicates with the tube portion; a cooling device is disposed on the tube portion for controlling the tube portion a reaction temperature; and a calciner connected to the shell portion for recovery and calcination A plurality of adsorbent particles after reacting with the reaction gas. The carbon dioxide capture system of claim 6, wherein the reaction tank further comprises: a discharge port communicating with the shell portion and the calciner for recovering the adsorbent particles after the reaction with the reaction gas; And a feed port is in communication with the calciner for placing a plurality of calcined adsorbent particles into the shell portion again. The carbon dioxide capture system of claim 6, wherein the adsorbent particles after the reaction gas comprises calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), and the calciner has a temperature between 850 ° C and 950 ° C. A calcination temperature. The carbon dioxide capture system of claim 6, further comprising a carbon dioxide collection device in communication with the calciner. The carbon dioxide capture system of claim 6, wherein the reaction bed surface is located at a position between the first open end of the case length 1/12 and the length of the case 1/2. The carbon dioxide capture system of claim 6, wherein the first sonic decoupler and the second sonic decoupler respectively comprise a casing and the casing The portion is connected and has a volume substantially 10 times that of the fluidized bed carbonation reaction chamber. The carbon dioxide capture system of claim 6, wherein the adsorbent particles comprise calcium oxide (CaO), and the reaction temperature is substantially between 600 ° C and 700 ° C. A carbon dioxide capture method includes: providing a shell portion; placing a plurality of adsorbent particles into the shell portion; introducing a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide into the shell portion, and suspending the adsorbent particles in the tube In the shell portion; and a reaction heat generated by the action of the adsorbent particles and the reaction gas excites the shell portion to emit a concussion sound wave. The carbon dioxide capture method of claim 13, wherein the tube portion is an upright circular tube having a first open end and a second open end and the first open end to the second open end A tube shell length. The carbon dioxide capture method of claim 13, wherein the step of placing the adsorbent particles into the shell portion comprises placing the adsorbent particles at a length of the shell from the first open end A position between 1/12 and 1/2 of the length of the envelope. The carbon dioxide capture method of claim 13, further comprising providing a calciner in communication with the shell portion for recovering and calcining a plurality of adsorbent particles reacted with the reaction gas.