CN111111404A - Flue gas treatment system and method for cement kiln - Google Patents

Flue gas treatment system and method for cement kiln Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111111404A
CN111111404A CN202010089141.0A CN202010089141A CN111111404A CN 111111404 A CN111111404 A CN 111111404A CN 202010089141 A CN202010089141 A CN 202010089141A CN 111111404 A CN111111404 A CN 111111404A
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flue gas
cement kiln
air
desulfurization
communicated
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刘鹏飞
刘卫民
郝洁
王图强
郝利炜
吴学谦
张泰格
姜树丰
黄海林
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Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research
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Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/202—Single element halogens
    • B01D2257/2025—Chlorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0233—Other waste gases from cement factories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and discloses a flue gas treatment system and a flue gas treatment method for a cement kiln, wherein the flue gas treatment system comprises a flue gas extraction device, an air cooling device, a nitrogen reduction device, a desulfurization device and an induced draft device; the air inlet end of the smoke extraction device is used for being communicated with a cement kiln; the air cooling device is communicated with the smoke extraction device and is used for quenching the smoke extracted by the smoke extraction device; the gas outlet end of the flue gas extraction device is sequentially communicated with the nitrogen reduction device and the desulfurization device or sequentially communicated with the desulfurization device and the nitrogen reduction device through a flue, and the flue is provided with an induced draft device; the invention can simultaneously remove chlorine, alkali, sulfur, nitrogen and dioxin in the flue gas treatment of the cement kiln, has high treatment efficiency on the flue gas, ensures the normal operation of the cement kiln and realizes the ultra-clean emission of the flue gas.

Description

Flue gas treatment system and method for cement kiln
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, in particular to a flue gas treatment system and method for a cement kiln.
Background
The cement industry is an industry with large resource and energy consumption and heavy pollution. During the cement kiln production process, a large amount of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are generated, and the gas oxides are discharged into the atmosphere along with smoke without being treated, so that the atmosphere environment is seriously polluted.
Meanwhile, the process for treating the dangerous waste by utilizing the cement kiln is simple, low in treatment cost and high in degree of harmlessness, so that the process is more and more widely accepted by people. Currently, plants that utilize this process for the treatment of solid or hazardous waste account for over 30% of all cement enterprises. When the cement kiln is used for treating solid waste or hazardous waste, the solid waste or the hazardous waste usually contains higher elements such as chlorine, potassium, sodium and the like, and the elements can form cyclic enrichment in the cement kiln, so that the cement kiln system is very easy to crust and block after reaching a certain degree. In addition, the raw fuel also contains certain elements such as chlorine, potassium, sodium and the like, so that accurate alkali (potassium and sodium) removal and accurate chlorine removal are very critical for ensuring the normal operation of the cement kiln system.
In the prior art, a method for removing chlorine by using a bypass air release technology is disclosed, and the method extracts certain smoke from a kiln tail smoke chamber, blows cold air to realize rapid cooling, solidifies chlorine element into dust in the form of potassium chloride and sodium chloride, and realizes the effect of removing chlorine when kiln dust is discharged. However, this bypass ventilation technique only considers chlorine removal and does not consider further treatment of flue gas, and the ventilation device is simple, and cannot control the concentration of ventilation flue gas.
With the emission control of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide becoming tighter and tighter, for high-content nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and dioxin in flue gas of a kiln tail smoke chamber, if the gas oxides do not undergo treatment, the gas oxides enter an original kiln tail system through a pipeline or enter a drying and crushing system and then are emitted to the atmosphere, the overproof risk of the nitrogen oxides, the sulfur dioxide and the dioxin is extremely high; if set up the discharge port alone, the flue gas directly gets into the atmosphere, and nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and dioxin's risk that exceeds standard is also very big, so the desalination must be compromise to the bypass technique of blowing to thoroughly solve gas cleaning's problem, realize that tail gas emission to reach standard avoids causing the environmental protection accident.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a flue gas treatment system and a flue gas treatment method for a cement kiln, which are used for solving the problem that chlorine removal, alkali removal, dust removal, desulfurization, denitrification and dioxin removal are difficult to simultaneously carry out in the flue gas treatment of the cement kiln at present.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln, which comprises a flue gas extraction device, an air cooling device, a nitrogen reduction device, a desulfurization device and an air inducing device, wherein the flue gas extraction device is connected with the air cooling device; the air inlet end of the smoke extraction device is used for being communicated with a cement kiln; the air cooling device is communicated with the smoke extraction device and is used for quenching the smoke extracted by the smoke extraction device; the gas outlet end of the flue gas extraction device is sequentially communicated with the nitrogen reduction device, the desulfurization device or the desulfurization device and the nitrogen reduction device through a flue, and the air inducing device is installed on the flue.
The smoke extraction device comprises a spiral cylinder body, an air taking pipe and an air outlet pipe; one end of the air taking pipe is communicated with a smoke chamber of the cement kiln, and the other end of the air taking pipe is tangentially connected with the outer side wall of the spiral cylinder body and is communicated with the inner cavity of the spiral cylinder body; one end of the air outlet pipe is the air outlet end, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is coaxially inserted into the spiral cylinder body; the air cooling device comprises an air cooling machine and a cold air conveying pipe; the air-cooled machine is installed on the air-cooled conveying pipe, one end of the air-cooled conveying pipe is connected with the outer side wall of the spiral cylinder body in the tangential direction, and is communicated with the inner cavity of the spiral cylinder body, and the air-cooled conveying pipe conveys the air-cooled machine and the air-taking pipe conveys the flue gas to flow in the same rotating direction in the spiral cylinder body.
Wherein, the flue gas draw-out device still includes the dust fall pipe, the one end intercommunication of dust fall pipe the smoke chamber of cement kiln, the other end intercommunication the dust outlet of spiral section of thick bamboo body.
Wherein, the gas extraction pipe is arranged upwards in an inclined way, and a refractory material protective layer is arranged on the inner wall of the gas extraction pipe.
Wherein the nitrogen reduction device comprises an ammonia injection device and a denitration reactor; the ammonia spraying device is arranged in a flue at the input side of the denitration reactor, a flow guide structure and a plurality of catalyst layers are arranged in the denitration reactor from top to bottom, and each catalyst layer is provided with a soot blowing device.
A primary dust removal device is arranged on a flue between the flue gas extraction device and the nitrogen reduction device, and the output side of the nitrogen reduction device is communicated with the desulfurization device; and a dust outlet of the primary dust removal device is communicated with the dust storage bin.
The output side of the desulfurization device is connected with the induced draft device; the output side of the induced draft device is communicated with a secondary dust removal device or a kiln tail dust removal device arranged on the cement kiln through a flue; and/or the flue is provided with an activated carbon adsorption device.
The desulfurization device comprises a slurry preparation pool and a desulfurization reaction tower; the desulfurization reaction tower is communicated with the output side of the nitrogen reduction device through the flue, a spray device is arranged in the desulfurization reaction tower, and the spray device is communicated with the slurry preparation tank through a pipeline; or, the desulphurization device comprises a slurry preparation pool and a desulphurization reaction tower; the desulfurization reaction tower is communicated with the output side of the nitrogen reduction device through the flue, a spraying device is arranged in the desulfurization reaction tower and is communicated with the slurry preparation pool through a pipeline, and the ash storage bin is connected with the slurry preparation pool through a bucket elevator.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a treatment method of the flue gas treatment system of the cement kiln, which comprises the following steps: s1, extracting smoke in a smoke chamber of the cement kiln, carrying out quenching treatment on the smoke, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the smoke to 350 ℃ to promote the decomposition of dioxin in the smoke and prevent the dioxin from being generated again, so that gaseous chlorine, potassium and sodium elements contained in the smoke are solidified on dust; s2, performing dust collection treatment on the flue gas through a primary dust removal device; s3, carrying out denitration on the flue gas after dust collection treatment by a selective catalytic reduction method, and carrying out desulfurization treatment by a limestone-gypsum method, a spray drying desulfurization method or a double-alkali desulfurization method.
Wherein, still include: active carbon is put into a flue at the rear side of the induced draft device to absorb residual dioxin in flue gas, and dust is collected and purified again by a secondary dust removal device or a kiln tail dust removal device arranged on a cement kiln.
The embodiment of the invention provides a flue gas treatment system and method of a cement kiln, wherein an air inducing device provides power in the flue gas treatment process, a bypass air discharging technology known in the field can be adopted, a flue gas extracting device extracts dust-containing flue gas generated in the production process of the cement kiln, the temperature of the flue gas is usually about 1100 ℃, large-capacity cold air is instantly blown into the flue gas extracting device through an air cooling device, the flue gas is quenched, the temperature of the flue gas can be rapidly reduced to 350 ℃ within 10-30s, dioxin in the flue gas is promoted to be decomposed and prevented from being generated again in the process, gaseous potassium, sodium and chlorine elements with higher content in the high-temperature flue gas are solidified to the surface of dust due to the sudden reduction of the temperature of the flue gas, and a selective catalytic reduction denitration method can be adopted in a nitrogen reduction device in the further treatment of the flue gas, and carrying out desulfurization treatment in a desulfurization device by a limestone-gypsum method, a spray drying desulfurization method or a double-alkali desulfurization method, further reducing dust while desulfurizing, drying the desulfurized dust for making bricks or mixing the desulfurized dust into cement, and treating the desulfurized wastewater in a special sewage treatment device or a sewage treatment plant.
Therefore, in the flue gas treatment of the cement kiln, the comprehensive treatment of the flue gas is realized by the flue gas extraction device, the air cooling device, the nitrogen reduction device and the desulfurization device, the chlorine removal, the alkali removal, the dust removal, the desulfurization, the denitrification and the dioxin removal can be realized at the same time, the treatment efficiency of the flue gas is high, and the ultra-clean emission of the flue gas is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a flue gas extraction device on one side of a smoke chamber of a cement kiln according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a smoke extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an ammonia injection pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure A-A of FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a treatment method of a flue gas treatment system based on a cement kiln according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a rotary kiln; 2. a smoking chamber; 3. a decomposing furnace; 4. a flue gas extraction device; 41. a spiral cylinder body; 42. taking an air pipe; 43. an air outlet pipe; 44. a dust settling pipe; 5. an air cooling device; 51. a cold air delivery pipe; 52. an air cooling machine; 6. a flue; 7. an air inducing device; 8. a primary dust removal device; 9. an ash storage bin; 10. a denitration reactor; 11. a slurry preparation tank; 12. a desulfurization reaction tower; 13. a spraying device; 14. a bucket elevator; 15. a secondary dust removal device; 16. an ammonia spraying pipe; 17. an ammonia spraying hole; 18. a baffle plate; 19. a baffle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln, which includes a flue gas extraction device 4, an air cooling device 5, a nitrogen reduction device, a desulfurization device and an induced draft device 7; the air inlet end of the smoke extraction device 4 is communicated with the cement kiln; the air cooling device 5 is communicated with the smoke extraction device 4 and is used for quenching the smoke extracted from the smoke extraction device 4; the gas outlet end of the flue gas extraction device 4 is sequentially communicated with the nitrogen reduction device and the desulfurization device or sequentially communicated with the desulfurization device and the nitrogen reduction device through a flue 6, and an air inducing device 7 is arranged on the flue 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the cement kiln comprises a rotary kiln 1, a smoke chamber 2 and a decomposing furnace 3 which are connected in sequence, and the air inlet end of a smoke extraction device 4 extracts dust-containing smoke from the side of the smoke chamber 2.
Specifically, in the flue gas treatment system shown in this embodiment, the induced draft device 7 provides power during the flue gas treatment, the extraction of the dust-containing flue gas is performed by adopting the bypass air release technology known in the art, and since the temperature of the dust-containing flue gas extracted from the flue gas chamber 2 by the flue gas extraction device 4 is usually about 1100 ℃, large-capacity cold air is instantaneously blown into the flue gas extraction device 4 by the air cooling device 5 to perform the quenching treatment on the flue gas, so that the temperature of the flue gas can be rapidly reduced (10-30s) to 350 ℃; because the dioxin can be fully and completely decomposed after staying for 2 seconds in the environment of 850 ℃ and can be prevented from being regenerated at about 300 ℃, the dioxin in the flue gas can be promoted to be decomposed and prevented from being regenerated in the process of reducing the flue gas to 350 ℃ through shock cooling, gaseous potassium, sodium and chlorine elements with higher content in the high-temperature flue gas are solidified to the surface of dust due to the sudden drop of the temperature of the flue gas, and the denitration treatment and the desulfurization treatment can be respectively carried out in a nitrogen reduction device and a desulfurization device in the further treatment of the flue gas.
Therefore, the flue gas treatment system shown in the embodiment can simultaneously realize dechlorination, desulfurization, denitrification and dioxin removal in the flue gas treatment of the cement kiln, has high treatment efficiency on the flue gas, and realizes ultra-clean emission of the flue gas.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, when flue gas is treated, the denitration treatment may be performed by the nitrogen-decreasing device first and then the desulfurization treatment may be performed by the desulfurization device, or the denitration treatment may be performed by the desulfurization device first and then the denitrification treatment may be performed by the nitrogen-decreasing device. Since the denitration by the selective catalytic reduction method performed in the denitration treatment needs to be within a relatively suitable temperature range, and the temperature of the flue gas output by the desulfurization treatment of the desulfurization device is generally low, from the aspect of reducing the overall energy consumption of the system, the embodiment preferably performs the denitration treatment by the nitrogen-reducing device and then performs the desulfurization treatment by the desulfurization device, wherein the nitrogen-reducing device may adopt a corresponding denitration process structure of the selective catalytic reduction method known in the art, and the desulfurization device may adopt a corresponding desulfurization process structure of the limestone-gypsum method, the spray drying desulfurization method, or the double alkali desulfurization method known in the art, which is not particularly limited herein.
In addition, since the air inducing devices 7 provide power for the flow of the flue gas when the whole system operates, the number of the air inducing devices 7 and the installation positions on the flue 6 are not limited to meet the design requirements, wherein the air inducing devices 7 are preferably arranged on the output side of the desulfurization device in the embodiment, and the air inducing devices 7 may be one or more exhaust fans installed in the flue 6.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the fume gas extracting device 4 in this embodiment includes a spiral cylinder body 41, a gas taking pipe 42 and a gas outlet pipe 43; one end of the air taking pipe 42 is communicated with the smoke chamber 2 of the cement kiln, and the other end is tangentially connected with the outer side wall of the spiral cylinder body 41 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the spiral cylinder body 41; one end of the air outlet pipe 43 is an air outlet end, and the other end is coaxially inserted into the spiral cylinder body 41; the air cooling device 5 comprises an air cooling machine 52 and a cold air delivery pipe 51; the air cooling machine 52 is installed on the cold air delivery pipe 51, one end of the cold air delivery pipe 51 is connected with the outer side wall of the spiral cylinder body 41 along the tangential direction and is communicated with the inner cavity of the spiral cylinder body 41, and the cold air delivered by the cold air delivery pipe 51 and the flue gas delivered by the gas taking pipe 42 flow in the same rotating direction in the spiral cylinder body 41.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper end of the spiral cylinder body 41 is a sealing structure, and the air outlet pipe 43 is disposed at the sealing structure, the lower end of the air outlet pipe 43 extends into the spiral cylinder body 41 along the central axis of the spiral cylinder body 41, and the upper end of the air outlet pipe 43 extends to the upper side of the spiral cylinder body 41; the bottom of the spiral cylinder body 41 is a dust collecting port.
It should be noted that the specific structure of the spiral tube body 41 may be a conical tube structure with a gradually reduced caliber from top to bottom, and the lower end of the conical tube structure is an eccentric structure biased towards one side of the smoke chamber 2, or the specific structure of the spiral tube body 41 may also be a combined structure with a cylindrical structure and a conical tube structure which are communicated up and down, and the conical tube structure is gradually reduced caliber from top to bottom, and the lower end of the conical tube structure is an eccentric structure biased towards one side of the smoke chamber 2. Dust fall pipe 44 of circular cone structure lower extreme and smoke chamber 2 link to each other the position and install choke ash valve and air bubble, and choke ash valve is used for stopping the flue gas from smoke chamber 2 entering dust fall pipe 44, guarantees that the dust from spiral section of thick bamboo body 41 along dust fall pipe 44 entering smoke chamber 2, and the air bubble can prevent that the dust granule from here gathering and blockking up, guarantees that dust fall pipe 44 is unblocked.
In practical operation, the other end of the air intake pipe 42 and one end of the cold air delivery pipe 51 are both connected tangentially to the outer sidewall of the spiral cylinder body 41, wherein the other end of the air intake pipe 42 and one end of the cold air delivery pipe 51 are specifically arranged at the same height position near the upper end of the spiral cylinder body 41 and on the sidewall of one opposite side of the spiral cylinder body 41, and therefore, the cold air delivered by the cold air delivery pipe 51 and the flue gas delivered by the air intake pipe 42 flow in the same rotational direction in the spiral cylinder body 41, such as: in a counterclockwise or clockwise rotation.
As shown in fig. 3, in one specific embodiment, the cold air delivery pipe 51 and the gas taking pipe 42 may be specifically arranged relative to the installation structure of the spiral cylinder body 41, so that the cold air delivered by the cold air delivery pipe 51 and the flue gas delivered by the gas taking pipe 42 flow on the inner wall of the spiral cylinder body 41 along the clockwise rotation direction, and the cold air and the flue gas flow from top to bottom along the inner wall of the spiral cylinder body 41 along the clockwise rotation direction under the limitation of the structure of the spiral cylinder body 41 itself, in this process, the cold air and the flue gas are mixed with each other and spirally centrifuged, so as to implement a quenching treatment on the flue gas, and the temperature of the flue gas can be rapidly reduced from about 1100 ℃ (10-30s) to 250-350 ℃, and the dust with larger particle size in the flue gas is reduced to the bottom of the spiral cylinder body 41, and gradually deposited and output; after the preliminary gas purification, the dust with smaller particle size spirally rises together with the flue gas and is output from the gas outlet pipe 43. In the process, the corresponding specific surface area of the dust with smaller granularity is larger, so that gaseous potassium, sodium and chlorine elements with higher content in the high-temperature flue gas are easier to solidify and enrich on the surface of the high-temperature flue gas due to the sudden drop of the temperature of the flue gas, and the part of particles can be treated by a subsequent dust collecting device, so that the problem of circulating and enriching potassium, sodium and chlorine elements in a cement kiln is effectively solved, the amount of extracted dust can be reduced as much as possible, and the difficulty in subsequent dust treatment is reduced.
Preferably, the flue gas extraction device 4 in this embodiment further includes a dust fall pipe 44, one end of the dust fall pipe 44 is communicated with the smoke chamber 2 of the cement kiln, and the other end is communicated with the dust outlet of the spiral cylinder body 41.
Specifically, the dust with larger granularity in the spiral cylinder body 41 is discharged to the smoke chamber 2 again through the dust falling pipe 44, so that the amount of dust in the subsequent smoke treatment can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the specific surface area of the dust with larger granularity is smaller than that of the fine dust, so that the chlorine element enriched on the dust with larger granularity is relatively less, and therefore, under the condition of extracting relatively small amount of dust in the flue gas, the gas-state potassium, sodium, chlorine element and dioxin with higher content in the high-temperature flue gas can be effectively removed.
Preferably, the gas-taking pipe 42 is arranged obliquely upward in this embodiment, and a refractory material protective layer is provided on the inner wall of the gas-taking pipe 42.
Specifically, during actual design, an included angle formed by the air intake pipe 42 and a horizontal plane can be set to be 60-75 degrees, so that high-temperature (about 1100 ℃) smoke in the smoke chamber 2 directly enters the spiral cylinder body 41 through the air intake pipe 42, the outer wall of the air intake pipe 42 can be made of heat-resistant steel materials with the temperature of over 800 ℃, a fire-resistant protective layer on the inner side of the air intake pipe 42 is made of fire-resistant casting materials, and the heat-resistant temperature is over 1100 ℃, so that the service life of the air intake pipe 42 can be greatly prolonged.
Preferably, the nitrogen reduction device in the embodiment comprises an ammonia injection device and a denitration reactor 10; the ammonia spraying device is arranged in the flue 6 at the input side of the denitration reactor 10, a flow guide structure and a plurality of catalyst layers are arranged in the denitration reactor 10 from top to bottom, wherein the flow guide structure can be a plurality of bent flow guide sheets arranged at intervals and is used for guiding flue gas and uniformly inputting the flue gas into the catalyst layers, and each catalyst layer is provided with a soot blowing device.
Specifically, when the structure of the ammonia injection device is specifically designed, the ammonia injection device can be designed to include an ammonia gas delivery pipe and a plurality of ammonia injection pipes connected to the ammonia gas delivery pipe.
As shown in fig. 4, the ammonia spraying pipes 16 are disposed in the corresponding flues in which the flue gas flows vertically upwards, each ammonia spraying pipe 16 is provided with a plurality of ammonia spraying holes 17 arranged along the axial direction of the ammonia spraying pipe, the ammonia spraying holes 17 are arranged vertically upwards, and the ammonia spraying pipe 16 is provided with a baffle plate 18 and a guide plate 19 corresponding to each ammonia spraying hole 17, wherein the baffle plate 18 is disposed on one side of the ammonia spraying hole 17 and opposite to the flow direction of the ammonia gas in the ammonia spraying pipe 16, the guide plate 19 is of a V-shaped structure and is welded on one side of the ammonia spraying pipe 16 opposite to the ammonia spraying hole 17, and the ammonia spraying holes 17 are located on the inner side of the guide plate 19 and are arranged on the bisector of the guide plate 19 side by side.
As shown in fig. 5, due to the guiding effect of the guiding plate 19 on the flue gas, the flue gas starts to be divided under the effect of the guiding plate 19 and flows through the ammonia spraying pipe 16 along two sides of the ammonia spraying pipe 16, so that according to the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure of the fluid, the air pressure at the position of the ammonia spraying hole 17 is greater than the air pressure at two sides of the ammonia spraying pipe 16, therefore, when the ammonia gas is sprayed out from the ammonia spraying hole 17 and flows vertically upwards under the blocking of the baffle plate 18, the ammonia gas is dispersed under the effect of the ambient air pressure, thereby ensuring the sufficient mixing of the ammonia gas and the flue gas, so as to be in full contact with the catalyst layer in the denitration reactor 10 in the subsequent process and perform the denitration reaction.
Meanwhile, 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 catalyst layers may be arranged in the denitration reactor 10 from top to bottom, the catalyst layer may be a composite of a catalyst and a ceramic filter cylinder or a metal membrane filter cylinder, the catalyst may be coated on the surface of the ceramic filter cylinder or the metal membrane filter cylinder, or the catalyst may be mixed with ceramic powder and then directly molded.
Therefore, after the ammonia spraying device sprays ammonia water, the ammonia water can be mixed with the flue gas, and NO of the flue gas can be mixed under the action of the catalyst2、N2Reduction of O, etc. to N2And H2And O. Because the flue gas also contains certain dust which can be adhered to the surface of the catalyst layer, a soot blower is also needed to be arranged, and the soot blower can be used for cleaning by vibrationThe device comprises a vibrator for ash, the vibrator is arranged on the catalyst layer, and the soot blower can also be in an air speed blowing soot cleaning mode, namely, a blowing head is communicated with a compressed air device and is arranged on one side of the catalyst layer.
In addition, in order to monitor the stable operation of the nitrogen reduction device, a thermometer and a pressure difference meter may be correspondingly installed at the inlet and the outlet of the corresponding denitration reactor 10 in the nitrogen reduction device to monitor the temperature drop and the pressure drop of the nitrogen reduction device, so as to determine whether the operation of the nitrogen reduction device is normal.
Preferably, in this embodiment, a primary dust removal device 8 is installed on the flue 6 between the flue gas extraction device 4 and the nitrogen reduction device, and the output side of the nitrogen reduction device is communicated with the desulfurization device; the dust outlet of the primary dust removal device 8 is communicated with the dust storage bin 9.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the flue gas extraction device 4 and the air cooling device 5 are combined, so that when the extracted flue gas is subjected to quenching treatment, the dust-containing flue gas with the chlorine element solidified is output from the flue gas extraction device 4, and at this time, the dust of the flue gas can be collected by the primary dust removal device 8, wherein the primary dust removal device 8 may be a cyclone dust collector, a ceramic filter or a metal filter membrane dust collector known in the art, and is not specifically limited herein.
After dust collection treatment by the primary dust collection device 8, the obtained dust solidified with potassium, sodium and chlorine elements is collected in the ash storage bin 9 and can be used for cement production. As the main component of the dust is CaO, a part of the dust can be used for the subsequent desulfurization process.
Preferably, the output side of the desulfurization device in the embodiment is connected with an induced draft device; the output side of the induced draft device is communicated with the secondary dust removal device 15 or a kiln tail dust removal device arranged on the cement kiln through a flue; and/or the flue is provided with an activated carbon adsorption device.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the flue gas extraction device 4 is combined with the air cooling device 5, when the extracted flue gas is subjected to quenching treatment, most of the dioxin is directly decomposed at 850 ℃ and is not generated when the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 250 ℃, and the flue gas may further contain a trace amount of dioxin, which can be absorbed by an activated carbon adsorption device, which is installed on a flue and is known in the art.
Meanwhile, active carbon can be added into the flue at the rear side of the air inducing device to absorb residual trace amount of dioxin, and further dust is collected by a secondary dust collection device 15 or a kiln tail dust collection device arranged on the cement kiln to achieve the aim of removing the dioxin, wherein the secondary dust collection device 15 and the kiln tail dust collection device arranged on the cement kiln can adopt a cloth bag dust collector or an electric bag composite dust collector known in the art.
Preferably, the desulfurization apparatus in this embodiment includes a slurry preparation tank 11 and a desulfurization reaction tower 12; the desulfurization reaction tower 12 is communicated with the output side of the nitrogen reduction device through a flue 6, a spray device 13 is arranged in the desulfurization reaction tower 12, the spray device 13 is communicated with the slurry preparation tank 11 through a pipeline, wherein the spray device 13 is preferably a slurry ejector, and a plurality of slurry ejectors can be arranged in the desulfurization reaction tower 12.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the flue gas is desulfurized, the flue gas may be treated by using dust in the ash storage bin 9, or using purchased lime, calcium hydroxide, limestone powder, or the like, mixing these powders with a small amount of catalyst directly or together, and introducing a certain amount of water to form a slurry after mixing in the slurry preparation tank 11, the slurry preparation tank 11 is provided with a stirring mechanism, the slurry is kept from segregation by continuous stirring of the stirring mechanism, the prepared slurry is uniformly sprayed into the desulfurization reaction tower 12 through the slurry sprayer, and in the desulfurization reaction tower 12, the slurry and the slurry containing SO are uniformly sprayed into the desulfurization reaction tower 122The flue gas is mixed to achieve the aims of desulfurization, dioxin removal and further dust removal.
It should be noted that, in the actual design, the dust collected in the ash storage bin 9 contains 50% -75% of CaO and 5% -15% of CaCO3Therefore, the slurry can be prepared by using all or a part of the dust in the ash silo 9, and the ash silo 9 can be connected to the slurry preparation tank 11 by the bucket elevator 14.
Of course, the dual-alkali method can also be adopted for desulfurization, and the prepared sodium hydroxide solution is used as a starting desulfurizerThe sodium hydroxide solution is directly injected into the desulfurization reaction tower 12 shown in the embodiment to wash and remove SO in the flue gas2To achieve the purpose of flue gas desulfurization, then, the desulfurization product is reduced into sodium hydroxide by a desulfurizer regeneration tank, and then the sodium hydroxide is pumped back into the desulfurization reaction tower 12 for recycling.
Preferably, referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment further provides a processing method of the flue gas processing system of the cement kiln, which includes: s1, extracting smoke in a smoke chamber of the cement kiln, carrying out quenching treatment on the smoke, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the smoke to 350 ℃ to promote the decomposition of dioxin in the smoke and prevent the dioxin from being generated again, so that gaseous chlorine, potassium and sodium elements contained in the smoke are solidified on dust; s2, performing dust collection treatment on the flue gas through a primary dust collector, wherein the dust collection efficiency is 30-90%, and the dust collection efficiency can be adjusted through the depth of an inner cylinder; s3, carrying out denitration on the flue gas after dust collection treatment by a selective catalytic reduction method, and carrying out desulfurization by using the collected dust, or carrying out desulfurization treatment by a composite limestone-gypsum method, a spray drying desulfurization method or a double-alkali desulfurization method.
Specifically, when the flue gas treatment is performed in the treatment method shown in this embodiment, firstly, in S1, the flue gas extraction device is used to extract the high-temperature flue gas at about 1100 ℃ in the flue chamber of the cement kiln, and the air cooling device is used to quench the high-temperature flue gas introduced into the flue gas extraction device, so that the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced (10-30S) to 350 ℃, on one hand, the dioxin in the flue gas is promoted to be decomposed and prevented from being generated again, and the gaseous potassium, sodium, chlorine and related elements in the flue gas are solidified on the dust, and on the other hand, the subsequent denitration by the selective catalytic reduction method is ensured to be performed at an appropriate reaction temperature.
Then, in S2, after the flue gas is subjected to dust collection treatment by the primary dust collector, the dust solidified with potassium, sodium and chlorine elements can be collected and used for cement production and other purposes, and the influence of the dust in the flue gas on subsequent denitration and desulfurization processes can be greatly reduced by the dust collection treatment of the primary dust collector.
Next, in S3, denitration and desulfurization treatments may be performed by the nitrogen reduction device and the desulfurization device, respectively. After the flue gas is subjected to dechlorination, dust removal, denitration and desulfurization treatment, further dust collection treatment can be carried out again through a secondary dust removal device or a dust removal device arranged on the cement kiln, slurry components output by the desulfurization reaction tower can be further tested, if the slurry is effective, the slurry can be returned to the slurry preparation tank to continue desulfurization reaction, and otherwise, the ineffective slurry is conveyed to a slurry treatment station to be correspondingly treated.
Preferably, this embodiment further includes: active carbon is put into a flue at the rear side of the induced draft device to absorb residual dioxin in flue gas, and dust is collected and purified again by a secondary dust removal device or a kiln tail dust removal device arranged on a cement kiln.
In conclusion, according to the scheme shown in the embodiment, the flue gas is comprehensively treated by the flue gas extraction device, the air cooling device, the nitrogen reduction device and the desulfurization device, and the treatment of dechlorination, dust removal, denitration and desulfurization can be completed on the flue gas in the cement kiln, so that the harmful elements (potassium, sodium and chlorine) are solved, and simultaneously, the nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, dust and dioxin in the flue gas are treated, so that the flue gas is high in purification degree and can be directly discharged into the atmosphere, the problem that the harmful flue gas cannot be completely treated by the existing flue gas treatment system corresponding to the cement kiln is effectively solved, and the corresponding flue gas treatment system is simple in structure, low in cost, strong in adaptability and wide in application range, and can be suitable for all cement enterprises.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln, which is characterized in that,
comprises a flue gas extraction device, an air cooling device, a nitrogen reduction device, a desulfurization device and an induced draft device;
the air inlet end of the smoke extraction device is used for being communicated with a cement kiln;
the air cooling device is communicated with the smoke extraction device and is used for quenching the smoke extracted by the smoke extraction device;
the gas outlet end of the flue gas extraction device is sequentially communicated with the nitrogen reduction device, the desulfurization device or the desulfurization device and the nitrogen reduction device through a flue, and the air inducing device is installed on the flue.
2. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 1,
the smoke extraction device comprises a spiral cylinder body, an air taking pipe and an air outlet pipe;
one end of the air taking pipe is communicated with a smoke chamber of the cement kiln, and the other end of the air taking pipe is tangentially connected with the outer side wall of the spiral cylinder body and is communicated with the inner cavity of the spiral cylinder body; one end of the air outlet pipe is the air outlet end, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is coaxially inserted into the spiral cylinder body;
the air cooling device comprises an air cooling machine and a cold air conveying pipe;
the air-cooled machine is installed on the air-cooled conveying pipe, one end of the air-cooled conveying pipe is connected with the outer side wall of the spiral cylinder body in the tangential direction, and is communicated with the inner cavity of the spiral cylinder body, and the air-cooled conveying pipe conveys the air-cooled machine and the air-taking pipe conveys the flue gas to flow in the same rotating direction in the spiral cylinder body.
3. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 2,
the smoke extraction device further comprises a dust falling pipe, one end of the dust falling pipe is communicated with the smoke chamber of the cement kiln, and the other end of the dust falling pipe is communicated with the dust outlet of the spiral cylinder body.
4. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 2,
the gas taking pipe is obliquely and upwards arranged, and a refractory material protective layer is arranged on the inner wall of the gas taking pipe.
5. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 1,
the nitrogen reduction device comprises an ammonia spraying device and a denitration reactor;
the ammonia spraying device is arranged in a flue at the input side of the denitration reactor, a flow guide structure and a plurality of catalyst layers are arranged in the denitration reactor from top to bottom, and each catalyst layer is provided with a soot blowing device.
6. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 1,
a primary dust removal device is arranged on a flue between the flue gas extraction device and the nitrogen reduction device, and the output side of the nitrogen reduction device is communicated with the desulfurization device;
and a dust outlet of the primary dust removal device is communicated with the dust storage bin.
7. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 6,
the output side of the desulfurization device is connected with the induced draft device;
the output side of the induced draft device is communicated with a secondary dust removal device or a kiln tail dust removal device arranged on the cement kiln through a flue;
and/or the flue is provided with an activated carbon adsorption device.
8. The flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to claim 6,
the desulfurization device comprises a slurry preparation pool and a desulfurization reaction tower; the desulfurization reaction tower is communicated with the output side of the nitrogen reduction device through the flue, a spray device is arranged in the desulfurization reaction tower, and the spray device is communicated with the slurry preparation tank through a pipeline;
or, the desulphurization device comprises a slurry preparation pool and a desulphurization reaction tower; the desulfurization reaction tower is communicated with the output side of the nitrogen reduction device through the flue, a spraying device is arranged in the desulfurization reaction tower and is communicated with the slurry preparation pool through a pipeline, and the ash storage bin is connected with the slurry preparation pool through a bucket elevator.
9. A method of treating a flue gas treatment system of a cement kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
s1, extracting smoke in a smoke chamber of the cement kiln, carrying out quenching treatment on the smoke, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the smoke to 350 ℃ to promote the decomposition of dioxin in the smoke and prevent the dioxin from being generated again, so that gaseous chlorine, potassium and sodium elements contained in the smoke are solidified on dust;
s2, performing dust collection treatment on the flue gas through a primary dust removal device;
s3, carrying out denitration on the flue gas after dust collection treatment by a selective catalytic reduction method, and carrying out desulfurization treatment by a limestone-gypsum method, a spray drying desulfurization method or a double-alkali desulfurization method.
10. The processing method according to claim 9,
further comprising:
active carbon is put into a flue at the rear side of the induced draft device to absorb residual dioxin in flue gas, and dust is collected and purified again by a secondary dust removal device or a kiln tail dust removal device arranged on a cement kiln.
CN202010089141.0A 2020-02-12 2020-02-12 Flue gas treatment system and method for cement kiln Pending CN111111404A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113289480A (en) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-24 天津中材工程研究中心有限公司 Cement kiln predecomposition system for SNCR denitration optimization
CN113860333A (en) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-31 北京中投润天环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing potash fertilizer by treating fly ash of household garbage in cement kiln

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113289480A (en) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-24 天津中材工程研究中心有限公司 Cement kiln predecomposition system for SNCR denitration optimization
CN113860333A (en) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-31 北京中投润天环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing potash fertilizer by treating fly ash of household garbage in cement kiln

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