TWI599556B - Organic emitting device - Google Patents

Organic emitting device Download PDF

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TWI599556B
TWI599556B TW104121669A TW104121669A TWI599556B TW I599556 B TWI599556 B TW I599556B TW 104121669 A TW104121669 A TW 104121669A TW 104121669 A TW104121669 A TW 104121669A TW I599556 B TWI599556 B TW I599556B
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organic light
electrode
layer
light emitting
emitting
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TW104121669A
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TW201702211A (en
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王禹清
趙清煙
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友達光電股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201510522427.2A priority patent/CN105206753B/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80Constructional details
    • H10K30/865Intermediate layers comprising a mixture of materials of the adjoining active layers

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Description

有機發光元件 Organic light-emitting element

本發明是有關於一種發光元件,且特別是有關於一種有機發光元件。 The present invention relates to a light-emitting element, and more particularly to an organic light-emitting element.

隨著科技的進步,平面顯示器是近年來最受矚目的顯示技術。其中,有機發光顯示器因其自發光、無視角依存、省電、製程簡易、低成本、低溫度操作範圍、高應答速度以及全彩化等優點而具有極大的應用潛力,可望成為下一代的平面顯示器之主流。 With the advancement of technology, flat panel displays have been the most watched display technology in recent years. Among them, the organic light-emitting display has great application potential due to its self-illumination, no viewing angle dependence, power saving, simple process, low cost, low temperature operating range, high response speed and full color, and is expected to become the next generation. The mainstream of flat panel displays.

在有機發光顯示器中,上發光型有機發光顯示器(top-emission OLED)藉由共振腔效應(microcavity effect)而具有高色純度與高效率。然而,上發光型有機發光顯示器存在大視角易有色偏的問題,且光線因全反射波導效應而易侷限在顯示器內,故具有出光效率不佳的缺點。 In an organic light emitting display, an upper-emission type top-emission OLED has high color purity and high efficiency by a microcavity effect. However, the upper-emitting organic light-emitting display has a problem that a large viewing angle is liable to have a color shift, and the light is easily confined in the display due to the total reflection waveguide effect, so that it has a disadvantage of poor light-emitting efficiency.

本發明提供一種有機發光元件,具有經改善的大視角色 偏現象與較高的出光效率。 The invention provides an organic light-emitting element with an improved large-viewing role Bias phenomenon and high light extraction efficiency.

本發明的有機發光元件包括基板、第一電極、有機發光層、第二電極以及結晶層。第一電極位於基板上。有機發光層位於第一電極上。第二電極位於有機發光層上,其中有機發光層位於第一電極與第二電極之間。結晶層位於第二電極上,其中第二電極位於結晶層與有機發光層之間,結晶層的材料包括由式(1)所表示的化合物,其中X可為Si、Ge、Sn、Pb或C,且結晶層具有粗糙表面 The organic light emitting device of the present invention includes a substrate, a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode, and a crystalline layer. The first electrode is on the substrate. The organic light emitting layer is on the first electrode. The second electrode is located on the organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The crystal layer is located on the second electrode, wherein the second electrode is located between the crystal layer and the organic light-emitting layer, and the material of the crystal layer comprises a compound represented by the formula (1), wherein X may be Si, Ge, Sn, Pb or C And the crystalline layer has a rough surface

本發明的有機發光元件包括基板、第一電極、有機發光層、第二電極以及結晶層。第一電極位於基板上。有機發光層位於第一電極上。第二電極位於有機發光層上,其中有機發光層位於第一電極與第二電極之間。結晶層位於第二電極上,其中第二電極位於結晶層與有機發光層之間,結晶層的材料包括由式(2)表示的化合物,且結晶層具有粗糙表面 The organic light emitting device of the present invention includes a substrate, a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode, and a crystalline layer. The first electrode is on the substrate. The organic light emitting layer is on the first electrode. The second electrode is located on the organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The crystal layer is located on the second electrode, wherein the second electrode is located between the crystal layer and the organic light-emitting layer, the material of the crystal layer comprises the compound represented by the formula (2), and the crystal layer has a rough surface

本發明的有機發光元件包括基板、第一電極、有機發光層、第二電極以及結晶層。第一電極位於基板上。有機發光層位於第一電極上。第二電極位於有機發光層上,其中有機發光層位於第一電極與第二電極之間。結晶層位於第二電極上,其中第二電極位於結晶層與有機發光層之間,結晶層的材料包括由式(3)表示的化合物,且結晶層具有粗糙表面 The organic light emitting device of the present invention includes a substrate, a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode, and a crystalline layer. The first electrode is on the substrate. The organic light emitting layer is on the first electrode. The second electrode is located on the organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The crystal layer is located on the second electrode, wherein the second electrode is located between the crystal layer and the organic light-emitting layer, the material of the crystal layer comprises the compound represented by the formula (3), and the crystal layer has a rough surface

在本發明的一實施例中,上述的結晶層的最大厚度小於1um。 In an embodiment of the invention, the crystalline layer has a maximum thickness of less than 1 um.

在本發明的一實施例中,上述的第一電極包括反射電極,且第二電極包括穿透電極。 In an embodiment of the invention, the first electrode includes a reflective electrode, and the second electrode includes a penetrating electrode.

在本發明的一實施例中,更包括緩衝層,位於第二電極與結晶層之間。 In an embodiment of the invention, a buffer layer is further disposed between the second electrode and the crystalline layer.

在本發明的一實施例中,上述的粗糙表面為出光表面。 In an embodiment of the invention, the rough surface is a light exiting surface.

基於上述,本發明的有機發光元件包括由式(1)至(3)表示的化合物所形成的結晶層,此結晶層具有粗糙表面。結晶層能有效地破壞元件內部發光的全反射,將有機發光元件內激發的光線導出,以提升出光效率,並大幅改善大視角色偏現象。因此,採用此有機發光元件的有機發光顯示器具有較佳的顯示品質,以及採用此有機發光元件的有機發光照明裝置具有良好的出光效率。 Based on the above, the organic light-emitting element of the present invention includes a crystal layer formed of the compounds represented by the formulae (1) to (3), which has a rough surface. The crystal layer can effectively destroy the total reflection of the internal light emission of the element, and the light excited in the organic light-emitting element is led out to improve the light-emitting efficiency and greatly improve the phenomenon of the large-view character. Therefore, the organic light-emitting display using the organic light-emitting element has better display quality, and the organic light-emitting illumination device using the organic light-emitting element has good light-emitting efficiency.

為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。 The above described features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.

100‧‧‧有機發光元件 100‧‧‧Organic light-emitting elements

102‧‧‧基板 102‧‧‧Substrate

110‧‧‧第一電極 110‧‧‧First electrode

120‧‧‧有機發光層 120‧‧‧Organic light-emitting layer

122‧‧‧電子傳輸層 122‧‧‧Electronic transport layer

124‧‧‧電洞傳輸層 124‧‧‧ hole transport layer

126‧‧‧電洞注入層 126‧‧‧ hole injection layer

130‧‧‧第二電極 130‧‧‧second electrode

140‧‧‧結晶層 140‧‧‧ Crystallized layer

142‧‧‧粗糙表面 142‧‧‧Rough surface

150‧‧‧緩衝層 150‧‧‧buffer layer

圖1是依照本發明的一實施例的一種有機發光元件的剖面示意圖。 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

圖2是依照本發明的一實施例的一種有機發光元件的剖面示意圖。 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

圖1是依照本發明的一實施例的一種有機發光元件的剖面示意圖。請參照圖1,本實施例之有機發光元件100包括基板102、第一電極110、有機發光層120、第二電極130以及結晶層140。在本實施例中,基板102可為硬式基板或軟式基板,硬式基板例如是玻璃基板、剛性塑膠基板、金屬基板、晶圓或陶瓷基板 等,軟式基板例如是有機基板,諸如聚亞醯胺基板、聚碳酸酯基板、聚苯二甲酸酯基板、聚萘二甲酸醇酯基板、聚丙烯基板、聚乙烯基板、聚苯乙烯基板、其它合適的基板、上述聚合物衍生物之基板、或者是薄的金屬或合金基板。基板102可採用透明材質或非透明材質。 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 , the organic light emitting device 100 of the present embodiment includes a substrate 102 , a first electrode 110 , an organic light emitting layer 120 , a second electrode 130 , and a crystal layer 140 . In this embodiment, the substrate 102 can be a hard substrate or a flexible substrate, such as a glass substrate, a rigid plastic substrate, a metal substrate, a wafer, or a ceramic substrate. The flexible substrate is, for example, an organic substrate such as a polyimide substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, a polyphthalate substrate, a polyethylene naphthalate substrate, a polypropylene substrate, a polyethylene substrate, a polystyrene substrate, Other suitable substrates, substrates of the above polymer derivatives, or thin metal or alloy substrates. The substrate 102 may be made of a transparent material or a non-transparent material.

第一電極110位於基板102上。第二電極130位於有機發光層120上,且第二電極130位於結晶層140與有機發光層120之間。在本實施例中,有機發光元件100為上發光型有機發光顯示器,在此情況下,第一電極110例如是反射電極。第二電極130例如是穿透電極。第一電極110可包括反射材料,所述反射材料例如是金屬、合金、金屬氧化物等導電材質、或是金屬與透明金屬氧化物導電材料之堆疊層,上述金屬例如是金、銀、鋁、鉬、銅、鈦、鉻、鎢或其它合適的金屬,然本發明不限於此。第二電極130可包括透明金屬氧化物導電材料。上述透明金屬氧化物導電材料例如是銦錫氧化物、銦鋅氧化物、鋁錫氧化物、鋁鋅氧化物、銦鍺鋅氧化物或其它合適的金屬氧化物、或是上述至少二者之堆疊層,然本發明不限於此。第一電極110與第二電極130可利用蒸鍍製程並搭配精細金屬罩幕(fine metal mask,FFM)來形成,然本發明不限於此。舉例而言,第一電極110與第二電極130也可使用濺鍍製程來形成,或者是化學氣相沉積製程或物理氣相沉積並配合微影蝕刻製程或精細金屬罩幕來形成。在本實施例中,第一電極110例如是陽極,以及第二電極130例如是陰極, 但必需說明的,第一電極110與第二電極130之陰、陽極與否,就以設計上的需求,而有所變動之。 The first electrode 110 is located on the substrate 102. The second electrode 130 is located on the organic light emitting layer 120 , and the second electrode 130 is located between the crystalline layer 140 and the organic light emitting layer 120 . In the present embodiment, the organic light emitting element 100 is an upper light emitting type organic light emitting display, and in this case, the first electrode 110 is, for example, a reflective electrode. The second electrode 130 is, for example, a penetrating electrode. The first electrode 110 may include a reflective material, such as a conductive material such as a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, or a stacked layer of a metal and a transparent metal oxide conductive material, such as gold, silver, aluminum, Molybdenum, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten or other suitable metal, although the invention is not limited thereto. The second electrode 130 may include a transparent metal oxide conductive material. The transparent metal oxide conductive material is, for example, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium antimony zinc oxide or other suitable metal oxide, or a stack of at least two of the above Layer, however, the invention is not limited thereto. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 130 may be formed by an evaporation process and a fine metal mask (FFM), but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 130 may also be formed using a sputtering process, or a chemical vapor deposition process or physical vapor deposition, and formed by a photolithography process or a fine metal mask. In the present embodiment, the first electrode 110 is, for example, an anode, and the second electrode 130 is, for example, a cathode. However, it must be noted that the anodes and anodes of the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 130 are subject to design requirements and are subject to change.

有機發光層120位於第一電極110上,且位於第一電極110與第二電極130之間。在本實施例中,有機發光層120可包括紅色有機發光圖案、綠色有機發光圖案、藍色有機發光圖案、其他顏色之發光圖案或是上述發光圖案之組合。有機發光層120的形成方法例如是蒸鍍法、塗佈法、沈積法或其它合適的方法。在本實施例中,為了進一步提升有機發光元件100的發光效率,更設置電子傳輸層122與電洞傳輸層124。電子傳輸層122由電子傳輸材料所構成,例如是配置於有機發光層120與第二電極130之間。電洞傳輸層124由電洞傳輸材料所構成,例如是配置於有機發光層120與第一電極110之間。此外,還可進一步包括電洞注入層126。電洞注入層126由電洞注入材料所構成,例如是配置於第一電極110與電洞傳輸層124之間。在另一實施例中,可進一步配置電子注入層於第二電極130與電子傳輸層122之間。然而,必須一提的是,電洞注入層126、電洞傳輸層124、電子傳輸層122以及電子注入層的配置是可選的,其亦可不存在於有機發光元件100中。在本實施例中是以有機發光元件為正常型(normal type)OLED為例,但本發明不以此為限,在其他實施例中,有機發光元件亦可應用於反置型(inverted type)OLED。 The organic light emitting layer 120 is located on the first electrode 110 and located between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 130. In this embodiment, the organic light emitting layer 120 may include a red organic light emitting pattern, a green organic light emitting pattern, a blue organic light emitting pattern, a light emitting pattern of other colors, or a combination of the above light emitting patterns. The method of forming the organic light-emitting layer 120 is, for example, an evaporation method, a coating method, a deposition method, or other suitable methods. In the present embodiment, in order to further improve the luminous efficiency of the organic light emitting element 100, the electron transport layer 122 and the hole transport layer 124 are further disposed. The electron transport layer 122 is composed of an electron transport material, for example, disposed between the organic light emitting layer 120 and the second electrode 130. The hole transport layer 124 is composed of a hole transport material, and is disposed, for example, between the organic light-emitting layer 120 and the first electrode 110. Further, a hole injection layer 126 may be further included. The hole injection layer 126 is composed of a hole injection material, and is disposed, for example, between the first electrode 110 and the hole transport layer 124. In another embodiment, the electron injection layer may be further disposed between the second electrode 130 and the electron transport layer 122. However, it must be noted that the configuration of the hole injection layer 126, the hole transport layer 124, the electron transport layer 122, and the electron injection layer is optional, and may not be present in the organic light emitting device 100. In the embodiment, the organic light-emitting element is an ordinary type OLED, but the invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the organic light-emitting element can also be applied to an inverted type OLED. .

在本實施例中,有機發光元件100更包括緩衝層150,位於第二電極130與結晶層140之間。緩衝層150的材料通常是使 用電洞傳輸材料等有機材料,例如NPB(N,N’-Bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N’-bis(phenyl)-benzidine)、β-NPB(N,N’-Bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-N,N’-bis(phenyl)-benzidine),或無機材料,例如氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鋁(AlF3)等,其除了具有發揮緩衝保護的作用之外,亦可提供結晶層140表面能修飾匹配的作用。 In the embodiment, the organic light emitting device 100 further includes a buffer layer 150 between the second electrode 130 and the crystal layer 140. The material of the buffer layer 150 is usually an organic material such as a hole transport material, such as NPB (N, N'-Bis (naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N'-bis (phenyl)-benzidine), β-NPB ( N,N'-Bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine), or inorganic materials such as lithium fluoride (LiF), aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ), etc. In addition to the function of buffer protection, the surface layer of the crystal layer 140 can be modified to match.

結晶層140位於第二電極130上。在本實施例中,結晶層140例如是形成於緩衝層150上,且例如是位於有機發光元件100的最外側。結晶層140的材料的分子結構為立體對稱性佳且分子中有單鍵鍵結的結構,分子結構可旋轉而易緊密堆積,使表面能最小,達自體結晶狀態,且其分子量介於320~515之間。在本實施例中,結晶層140的材料包括由式(1)表示的化合物,其中X可為Si、Ge、Sn、Pb或C,分別為式(1-I)至式(1-V)表示的四苯基矽烷(tetraphenylsilane,TPS)、四苯基鍺(tetraphenyl germanium,TPGe)、四苯基錫(tetraphenyltin,TPT)、四苯基鉛(tetraphenyl plumbane,TPPb)或四苯基烷(tetraphenylmethane,TPM)、由式(2)表示的9,9’-雙茀(9,9-bifluorene,BiF)或由式(3)表示的1,4-雙(二苯胺基)苯(1,4-Bis(diphenylamino)bezene,BisB) The crystal layer 140 is located on the second electrode 130. In the present embodiment, the crystal layer 140 is formed, for example, on the buffer layer 150, and is located, for example, at the outermost side of the organic light emitting element 100. The molecular structure of the material of the crystal layer 140 is a structure with good stereo symmetry and a single bond bond in the molecule, and the molecular structure can be rotated and easily packed tightly, so that the surface energy is minimal, reaching the autocrystalline state, and the molecular weight is 320. Between ~515. In the present embodiment, the material of the crystal layer 140 includes a compound represented by the formula (1), wherein X may be Si, Ge, Sn, Pb or C, which are respectively from the formula (1-I) to the formula (1-V) Said tetraphenylsilane (TPS), tetraphenyl germanium (TPGe), tetraphenyltin (TPT), tetraphenyl plumbane (TPPb) or tetraphenylmethane , TPM), 9,9'-bifluorene (BiF) represented by the formula (2) or 1,4-bis(diphenylamino)benzene represented by the formula (3) (1, 4) -Bis(diphenylamino)bezene,BisB)

。由式(1-I)表示的四苯 基矽烷的分子量為336,由式(1-II)表示的四苯基鍺的分子量為380,由式(1-III)表示的四苯基錫的分子量為427,由式(1-IV)表示的四苯基鉛的分子量為515,由式(1-V)表示的四苯基烷的分子量為320,由式(2)表示的9,9’-雙茀的分子量為330,由式(3)表示的1,4-雙(二苯胺基)苯的分子量為412。 . The tetraphenylnonane represented by the formula (1-I) has a molecular weight of 336, and the tetraphenylphosphonium represented by the formula (1-II) has a molecular weight of 380 and tetraphenyltin represented by the formula (1-III). The molecular weight is 427, the molecular weight of tetraphenyl lead represented by formula (1-IV) is 515, the molecular weight of tetraphenylene represented by formula (1-V) is 320, and 9,9 represented by formula (2). The molecular weight of '-biguanidine is 330, and the molecular weight of 1,4-bis(diphenylamino)benzene represented by the formula (3) is 412.

結晶層140的形成方法為蒸鍍製程。在本實施例中,由式(1-I)、式(1-II)、式(1-III)、式(1-IV)或式(1-V)表示的化合物、由式(2)表示的BiF或由式(3)表示的BisB在蒸鍍於第二電極130上後,會進行自體結晶(self-crystallization),具有良好的結晶均勻度。結晶層140的最大厚度例如是小於1um,結晶層140的厚度可為0.5um~5um。因自結晶材料特性,所形成的結晶層140並不為一平整面,而是形成一凹凸的結晶層,舉例來說,蒸鍍所得的結晶層140具有平均厚度約為0.3um,但其中的厚度分佈範圍可為 0.2um~1um。也就是說,結晶層140具有粗糙表面142,因而形成凹凸不平的導光層。如此一來,有機發光元件100內激發所產生的光線能有效地經由結晶層140的粗糙表面142被引導出光。也就是說,結晶層140的粗糙表面142例如是出光表面。其中,由式(1-I)、式(1-II)、式(1-III)、式(1-IV)或式(1-V)表示的化合物與由式(2)表示的BiF具有較均勻的結晶狀態,因此適合應用於上發光型有機發光顯示器。由式(3)表示的BisB具有較為明顯的結晶邊界,將會產生較明顯的光散射現象使解析度變差,以致於顯示器的顯示品質不佳,因此適合應用於有機發光照明裝置。在本實施例中,是以結晶層140蒸鍍在緩衝層150上為例,但本發明不以此為限。在另一實施例中,如圖2所示,結晶層140也可以直接蒸鍍在第二電極130上。換言之,有機發光元件100可以不包括緩衝層150。 The method of forming the crystal layer 140 is an evaporation process. In the present embodiment, a compound represented by the formula (1-I), the formula (1-II), the formula (1-III), the formula (1-IV) or the formula (1-V), from the formula (2) The BiF or the BisB represented by the formula (3) is auto-crystallization after being vapor-deposited on the second electrode 130, and has good crystal uniformity. The maximum thickness of the crystal layer 140 is, for example, less than 1 um, and the thickness of the crystal layer 140 may be 0.5 um to 5 um. Due to the nature of the crystalline material, the formed crystalline layer 140 is not a flat surface but forms a textured layer of irregularities. For example, the vaporized layer 140 obtained by evaporation has an average thickness of about 0.3 um, but among them The thickness distribution range can be 0.2um~1um. That is, the crystal layer 140 has a rough surface 142, thus forming an uneven light guiding layer. As a result, the light generated by the excitation in the organic light emitting element 100 can be effectively guided out through the rough surface 142 of the crystal layer 140. That is, the rough surface 142 of the crystal layer 140 is, for example, a light-emitting surface. Wherein the compound represented by the formula (1-I), the formula (1-II), the formula (1-III), the formula (1-IV) or the formula (1-V) and the BiF represented by the formula (2) have A relatively uniform crystalline state is therefore suitable for use in an upper-emitting organic light-emitting display. The BisB represented by the formula (3) has a relatively obvious crystal boundary, and a relatively obvious light scattering phenomenon is caused to deteriorate the resolution, so that the display quality of the display is poor, and thus it is suitable for application to an organic light-emitting illumination device. In the present embodiment, the crystal layer 140 is deposited on the buffer layer 150 as an example, but the invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the crystalline layer 140 may also be directly evaporated on the second electrode 130. In other words, the organic light emitting element 100 may not include the buffer layer 150.

在本實施例中,由於由式(1-I)至(3)表示的化合物具有立體對稱性以及適當的分子量,因此其具有自結晶特性。也就是說,在將由式(1-I)至(3)表示的化合物的材料層蒸鍍形成於第二電極130上之後,不須經過再加熱步驟,其就可自行結晶形成具有粗糙表面142的結晶層140。結晶層140的粗糙表面142能破壞有機發光元件100內的全反射將光線導出。因此,能大幅提升出光效率,並改善大視角色偏現象,諸如改善紅光大視角偏橘以及整體顯示畫面偏藍綠的問題。如此一來,採用此有機發光元件的有機發光顯示器具有較佳的顯示品質,以及採用此有機發光元件的有機發 光照明裝置具有良好的出光效率。此外,由於結晶層的材料具有自結晶特性,不須經過再加熱步驟即可自行結晶,故本發明有利於簡化有機發光元件的製程步驟,因此降低有機發光元件的製程成本。 In the present embodiment, since the compound represented by the formula (1-I) to (3) has stereo symmetry and an appropriate molecular weight, it has self-crystallization characteristics. That is, after the material layer of the compound represented by the formula (1-I) to (3) is vapor-deposited on the second electrode 130, it can be crystallized to form a rough surface 142 without undergoing a reheating step. Crystal layer 140. The rough surface 142 of the crystalline layer 140 can destroy the total reflection within the organic light emitting element 100 to direct the light. Therefore, it is possible to greatly improve the light-emitting efficiency and improve the phenomenon of the big-view character, such as improving the red-light angle of the orange and the overall display blue-green. In this way, the organic light emitting display using the organic light emitting element has better display quality, and the organic light using the organic light emitting element The light illumination device has good light extraction efficiency. In addition, since the material of the crystal layer has self-crystallization characteristics and can be self-crystallized without undergoing a reheating step, the present invention is advantageous in simplifying the process steps of the organic light emitting device, thereby reducing the process cost of the organic light emitting device.

以下列舉實驗例來驗證本發明的效果。 The experimental examples are enumerated below to verify the effects of the present invention.

為證明本發明之上述實施例中所述的有機發光元件具有較佳的元件特性,使用實驗例1~7與比較例1~9作比較。實驗例1~7具有如圖1所示的有機發光元件的結構,實驗例1~7是以蒸鍍的方式於緩衝層上分別形成由式(1-I)至(3)表示的化合物的材料層作為結晶層,所蒸鍍的材料層厚度為0.3um。比較例1~7分別與實驗例1~7的差異在於未形成前述材料層。比較例8~9具有如圖1所示的有機發光元件的結構,比較例8~9是以蒸鍍的方式於緩衝層上分別形成包括1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐(NTDA)與三亞苯(triphenylene)的材料層,所蒸鍍的材料層厚度為0.3um。對實驗例1~7與比較例1~9的有機發光元件進行元件特性測試,其結果如表1所示。 In order to prove that the organic light-emitting device described in the above embodiment of the present invention has preferable device characteristics, it is compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 9 using Experimental Examples 1 to 7. Experimental Examples 1 to 7 have the structure of the organic light-emitting device shown in Fig. 1, and Experimental Examples 1 to 7 form the compounds represented by the formulae (1-I) to (3) on the buffer layer by vapor deposition. The material layer was used as a crystal layer, and the thickness of the material layer to be evaporated was 0.3 μm. The difference between Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and Experimental Examples 1 to 7 was that the material layer was not formed. Comparative Examples 8 to 9 have the structure of the organic light-emitting device shown in FIG. 1, and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 are formed by vapor deposition on the buffer layer, respectively, including 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride (NTDA). And a layer of material of triphenylene, the thickness of the material layer evaporated is 0.3 um. The elemental characteristics of the organic light-emitting elements of Experimental Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

相較於比較例1~7,實驗例1~7具有經改善的色偏現象,以及發光效率增加值分別為26%、23%、14%、20%、31%、39%以及37%。再者,由比較例8與9可知,雖然NTDA與三亞苯亦具有對稱的化學結構,但其並非立體對稱結構且因分子量較小,因此不易形成結晶堆疊而導致蒸鍍時成膜性不佳。因此,由以上實驗結果可知,於有機發光元件的最外側設置具有由式(1-I)至(3)表示的化合物的結晶層能有效地改善色偏以及提升出光效率。 Compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 7, Experimental Examples 1 to 7 have an improved color shift phenomenon, and luminous efficiency increase values were 26%, 23%, 14%, 20%, 31%, 39%, and 37%, respectively. Further, as is apparent from Comparative Examples 8 and 9, although NTDA and triphenylene have a symmetrical chemical structure, they are not stereo symmetric structures and are less likely to form a crystal stack due to a small molecular weight, resulting in poor film formation during vapor deposition. . Therefore, it is understood from the above experimental results that the provision of the crystal layer having the compound represented by the formula (1-I) to (3) on the outermost side of the organic light-emitting element can effectively improve the color shift and enhance the light-emitting efficiency.

綜上所述,本發明的有機發光元件包括由式(1-I)至(3)表示的化合物所形成的結晶層,使得有機發光元件具有粗糙的出光表面。結晶層可破壞有機發光元件內的全反射將光線導出,以提升出光效率,並降低大視角色偏。舉例來說,能大幅改善上發光型主動式有機發光顯示器(top-emission AMOLED)的紅光大視角偏橘以及整體顯示畫面偏藍綠的問題。如此一來,採用此有機發光元件的有機發光顯示器具有較佳的顯示品質,以及採用此有機發光元件的有機發光照明裝置具有良好的出光效率。此外,由式(1-I)至(3)表示的化合物具有立體對稱性以及適當的分子量,因此其具有自結晶特性,也就是於蒸鍍後會自行均勻結晶成結晶層,故能省略用以進行結晶的加熱步驟。如此,有機發光元件的製程具有減少的步驟以及縮短的時間,有利於降低有機發光元件的成本。 As described above, the organic light-emitting element of the present invention includes a crystal layer formed of the compounds represented by the formulae (1-I) to (3) such that the organic light-emitting element has a rough light-emitting surface. The crystal layer can destroy the total reflection in the organic light-emitting element to light out, thereby improving the light-emitting efficiency and reducing the bias of the large-view character. For example, the problem of the red-light large viewing angle of the top-emission AMOLED and the overall display blue-green color can be greatly improved. As a result, the organic light-emitting display using the organic light-emitting element has better display quality, and the organic light-emitting illumination device using the organic light-emitting element has good light-emitting efficiency. Further, since the compounds represented by the formulae (1-I) to (3) have stereo symmetry and an appropriate molecular weight, they have self-crystallization characteristics, that is, they are uniformly crystallized into a crystal layer after vapor deposition, so that they can be omitted. To carry out the heating step of crystallization. As such, the process of the organic light emitting device has a reduced step and a shortened time, which is advantageous in reducing the cost of the organic light emitting device.

雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

100‧‧‧有機發光元件 100‧‧‧Organic light-emitting elements

102‧‧‧基板 102‧‧‧Substrate

110‧‧‧第一電極 110‧‧‧First electrode

120‧‧‧有機發光層 120‧‧‧Organic light-emitting layer

122‧‧‧電子傳輸層 122‧‧‧Electronic transport layer

124‧‧‧電洞傳輸層 124‧‧‧ hole transport layer

126‧‧‧電洞注入層 126‧‧‧ hole injection layer

130‧‧‧第二電極 130‧‧‧second electrode

140‧‧‧結晶層 140‧‧‧ Crystallized layer

142‧‧‧粗糙表面 142‧‧‧Rough surface

150‧‧‧緩衝層 150‧‧‧buffer layer

Claims (4)

一種有機發光元件,包括:一基板;一第一電極,位於該基板上;一有機發光層,位於該第一電極上;一第二電極,位於該有機發光層上,其中該有機發光層位於該第一電極與該第二電極之間;以及一結晶層,位於該第二電極上,其中該第二電極位於該結晶層與該有機發光層之間,該結晶層的材料包括由式(1)表示的化合物,其中X可為Si、Ge、Sn、Pb或C,且該結晶層具有一粗糙表面 其中該結晶層的厚度分佈範圍為0.2um~1um且小於1um。 An organic light emitting device comprising: a substrate; a first electrode on the substrate; an organic light emitting layer on the first electrode; and a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer is located Between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a crystal layer on the second electrode, wherein the second electrode is located between the crystal layer and the organic light-emitting layer, and the material of the crystal layer comprises a compound represented by 1), wherein X may be Si, Ge, Sn, Pb or C, and the crystal layer has a rough surface Wherein the thickness distribution of the crystal layer ranges from 0.2 um to 1 um and less than 1 um. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的有機發光元件,其中該第一電極包括一反射電極,且該第二電極包括一穿透電極。 The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a reflective electrode, and the second electrode comprises a penetrating electrode. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的有機發光元件,更包括一緩衝層,位於該第二電極與該結晶層之間。 The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising a buffer layer between the second electrode and the crystal layer. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的有機發光元件,其中該粗糙表面為一出光表面。 The organic light-emitting element of claim 1, wherein the rough surface is a light-emitting surface.
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