TWI586827B - 薄膜製成方法及原子層沈積裝置 - Google Patents

薄膜製成方法及原子層沈積裝置 Download PDF

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TWI586827B
TWI586827B TW104133927A TW104133927A TWI586827B TW I586827 B TWI586827 B TW I586827B TW 104133927 A TW104133927 A TW 104133927A TW 104133927 A TW104133927 A TW 104133927A TW I586827 B TWI586827 B TW I586827B
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atomic layer
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amine
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朴成賢
申寅澈
李根雨
金京俊
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K C 科技股份有限公司
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Description

薄膜製成方法及原子層沈積裝置
本發明係關於一種利用原子層沈積方法來形成含有氮化矽膜之薄膜的方法,以及用於其之原子層沈積裝置。
一般而言,半導體基板或玻璃等基片上沈積一定厚度之薄膜的方法包含:利用類似濺鍍(sputtering)之物理衝突之物理氣相沈積法PVD(physical vapor deposition);及利用化學反應之化學氣相沈積法CVD(chemical vapor deposition)等。最近,半導體元件之設計規定(design rule)正不斷被細化,要求微細圖案之薄膜,且形成薄膜之區域段差增加。因此,由於該趨勢,不僅是可十分均勻地形成原子層厚度之微細圖案。
由於ALD製程是利用具源物質之沈積氣體中所含有之氣體分子之間的化學反應,因此,與一般之化學氣相沈積方法相似。但是,不同的是,通常之CVD製程將複數個沈積氣體同時注入到處理室中從而將發生之反應生成物沈積在基板上,而ALD製程是將含有一種源物質之氣體注入到處理室中,從而將經源物質之間的化學反應之生成物沈積在基板表面上,具有差異性。該ALD製程具有優秀之階段覆蓋特性,具有可形成雜質含量較低之純薄膜之優點,因此當前備受矚目。
另一態樣,現有的ALD製程使用反應性較弱之源物質,或是溫度 較低時薄膜之品質可能會下降。舉例而言,在形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)時,利用現有之低壓化學氣相沈積製程,在600℃以上之高溫中形成薄膜,但是由於半導體元件之微細化、製程之低溫化等,在執行特定之製程中,不可能使用上述溫度,且需要在較低之溫度下執行製程。但是,在低溫下,可能會氮化矽膜不形成或是薄膜之品質急劇下降。此外,由於較低之反應,較難利用ALD製程來形成氮化矽膜。
根據本發明之實施例,提供一種在低溫中形成高品質之氮化矽膜的方法,以及用於其之原子層沈積裝置。
本發明解決之技術課題並不僅侷限於如上所述之課題,藉由以下記載熟習此項技術者亦可清楚地理解未提及之其他課題。
為了實現上述之本發明之目的,根據本發明之實施例提供一種薄膜形成方法,其包含:使用含有矽之矽前驅體物質作為源氣體;使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為反應氣體;使用氮氣作為淨化氣體,且按照該源氣體、該淨化氣體、該反應氣體、該淨化氣體之順序來依序地提供該等氣體,形成氮化矽膜。
根據一個側面,可使用矽烷胺(Silylamine)系物質作為該源氣體。在此,該源氣體以胺基為中心周圍配置有3個矽原子(Si),且該3個矽原子(Si)中之至少一者含有一個以上之胺基,且該胺基中可為含有一個以上之乙基(C2H5)或甲基(CH3)的結構。舉例而言,該源氣體可使用雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、三[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基]胺中之任何一種物質。
根據一個側面,該氮化矽膜(Si3N4),在200℃至350℃中製程被進 行。此外,該源氣體、該反應氣體及該淨化氣體被連續地噴射。
另一方面,為了實現上述之本發明之目的,根據本發明之實施例提供一種原子層沈積裝置,包含:處理室;基板支撐部,其被配置在該處理室內部,安裝有複數個基板;氣體噴射部,其被配置在該處理室內部之該基板支撐部上部,並將源氣體、反應氣體、淨化氣體噴射在該複數個基板上,且各氣體被連續噴射,其中使用含有矽之矽前驅體物質作為該源氣體,且使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為該反應氣體,且使用氮氣作為該淨化氣體,且按照該源氣體、該淨化氣體、該反應氣體以及該淨化氣體之順序來依序地提供該等氣體,從而形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。
根據一個側面,使用矽烷胺系(Silylamine)物質作為該源氣體。在此,該源氣體以胺基為中心周圍配有3個矽原子(Si),且該3個矽原子(Si)中之至少一者含有一個以上之胺基,且該胺基中可為含有一個以上之乙基(C2H5)或甲基(CH3)之結構。舉例而言,該源氣體可使用雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、三[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基]胺中之任何一種物質。
根據一個側面,該氣體噴射部中具備電漿發生部,使該反應氣體經電漿活性化。舉例而言,該電漿發生部可藉由遠程電漿(remote plasma)方式、電容耦合電漿(Capacitively coupled plasma,CCP)方式及電感耦合電漿(inductively coupled plasma,ICP)方式中之任何一個方式來發生電漿。
本發明之複數個實施例可具有以下說明之一個以上的效果。
如上所述,根據本發明之實施例,可使用經電漿活性化之氮氣在低溫中形成高品質之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。
此外,可在半間歇方式之原子層沈積裝置中形成氮化矽膜。
此外,可提高製程產出率(Through-put)。
1‧‧‧基板
10‧‧‧原子層
11‧‧‧處理室
12‧‧‧基板支撐部
13‧‧‧氣體噴射部
14‧‧‧電漿發生部
圖1是根據本發明之一個實施例之原子層沈積裝置的模式圖。
圖2是示出雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺之分子結構的示圖,且圖3是雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺之分子結構的示圖。
圖4是根據本發明之實施例之薄膜形成方法中,根據淨化氣體種類之每個週期之生長速率GPC(Growth Rate per Cycle)及濕式蝕刻速率WER(Wet Etch Rate)相比較之圖表。
圖5是根據本發明之實施例之薄膜形成方法中,根據反應氣體種類之GPC及WER相比較的圖表。
圖6是根據本發明之實施例的薄膜形成方法中,根據源氣體種類之GPC及WER以及均等度(Unif.)相比較之圖表。
下文中,藉由示例性附圖對本發明之一部分實施例進行詳細說明。各附圖之結構元件中添加有符號,應注意相同之結構元件就算被表示在其他附圖中亦具有相同之符號。此外,在說明本發明之實施例時,當相關之已知結構或功能之詳細說明被判斷為妨礙本發明實施例的理解時,該詳細說明被省略。
此外,在說明本發明之實施例之結構元件時,可使用第1、第2、A、B、(a)、(b)等用語。該用語僅用於區別與該結構元件不同之結構元件,相關結構元件之本質或次序或順序並不因該用語而受到限制。當記載為一些結構元件與其他結構元件「連接」、「結合」或「接入」時,雖然可理解為該結構元件與其他結構元件直接連接或接入,但亦可理解為其他結構元件被「連接」、「結合」或「接入」在各結構 元件之間。
以下,參照圖1及圖6,針對根據本發明之實施例之原子層沈積裝置10及利用其之薄膜形成方法進行詳細說明。
根據本發明之實施例的薄膜形成方法,其利用原子層沈積製程來形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。首先,針對用於形成根據本實施例之薄膜之原子層沈積裝置10的一個例子進行說明。根據本實施例之原子層沈積裝置10可使用半間歇方式(semi-batch type)針對複數個基板1同時執行沈積製程。
本實施例中作為沈積對象之基板1可為矽晶圓(silicon wafer)。但是,本發明之對象並不侷限於矽晶圓,基板1亦可為類似液晶顯示器、電漿顯示板之作為顯示裝置之含有玻璃的透明基板。此外,基板1之形狀及大小並不侷限於附圖,其亦可為圓形及方形等實質性之多種形狀及大小。
圖1是根據本發明之一個實施例之原子層沈積裝置10的模式圖。
參照圖1,原子層沈積裝置10包含以下結構:處理室11;基板支撐部12,其安裝有複數個基板1;及氣體噴射部13,其用來將氣體噴射在基板1上。此外,用於構成原子層沈積裝置10之處理室11、基板支撐部12以及氣體噴射部13等之詳細技術結構可藉由已知之技術來理解,在此省略詳細之說明,僅對主要結構元件進行簡單地說明。
氣體噴射部13將源氣體、反應氣體以及淨化氣體噴射至處理室11內部,並劃分出噴射有各氣體之複數個區域。舉例而言,氣體噴射部13可包含4個區域:噴射有源氣體之區域(以下稱「源區域」),噴射有反應氣體之區域(以下稱「反應區域」),以及配置在上述兩個區域之間的2個噴射有淨化氣體之區域(以下稱「第1及第2淨化區域」)。但是,本發明並不僅侷限於附圖,氣體噴射部13不僅具有4個區域,亦可劃分成更多之區域。
此外,氣體噴射部13中具備電漿發生部14,使反應氣體經電漿活性化。舉例而言,電漿發生部14經配置在氣體噴射部13中之反應區域中,或是配置於流入反應區域之反應氣體的流路上。此外,電漿發生部14可以遠程電漿(remote plasma)方式使反應氣體發生電漿,或是藉由電容耦合電漿(Capacitively coupled plasma,CCP)方式在處理室11內部發生電漿,或是藉由電感耦合電漿(inductively coupled plasma,ICP)方式來發生電漿。
基板支撐部12,複數個基板1以水平及放射狀被安裝在基板支撐部12上,且隨著基板支撐部12之自轉,配置在表面之基板1旋轉,同時按順序地通過源區域、第1淨化區域、反應區域、第1淨化區域。此外,如上所述,隨著基板1之旋轉,基板1上源氣體之原料物質及反應氣體之原料物質互相反應,從而形成薄膜。
源氣體使用矽烷胺(Silylamine)系之矽前驅體,且反應氣體使用經電漿活性化之氨氣,此外淨化氣體使用氮氣,從而在低溫中可形成高品質之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。具體地,源氣體具有以下結構:以胺基為中心周圍配有3個矽原子(Si),該3個矽原子(Si)與中心之胺基連接,且矽原子(Si)中之至少一個含有一個以上之胺基,且該胺基中含有一個以上之乙基(C2H5)或甲基(CH3)。舉例而言,源氣體可包含雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、三[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基]胺等。在此,圖2是示出雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺之分子結構之示圖,且圖3是雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺之分子結構的示圖。
根據本實施例,使用半間歇方式之原子層沈積裝置10在200℃至350℃之低溫下可形成高品質之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。
此外,使用金屬鹵化物或金屬有機物形態之含矽氣體作為源氣 體,並可使用N2、H2、NH3、Ar、He等氣體之組合來形成氮化矽膜。但是,使用上述源氣體時,特別是金屬鹵化物系中包括一個以上Cl之前驅體只能使用活性化之反應氣體,即NH3。由此形成氮化矽膜時,薄膜之品質較低且薄膜中含有Cl雜質。此外,使用經電漿活性化之氮來沈積薄膜時,需要較長時間不利於商業化。進一步,在使複數個基板共振同時執行製程之半間歇方式之原子層沈積裝置中,氣體在處理室中被混合之可能性較高,各區域中被噴射之氣體之種類可能會受到限制,特別是矽前驅體被限制性地使用。
根據本發明之實施例之薄膜形成方法,藉由含有矽之矽前驅體物質,具體為使用矽烷胺(Silylamine)系物質來作為源氣體,使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為反應氣體,使用氮氣作為淨化氣體,從而可形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。此外,可利用半間歇方式之原子層沈積裝置來形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。
為了確認根據本實施例形成之薄膜之品質,如下所述,在相同之條件下,使用不同之淨化氣體、反應氣體及源氣體來形成氮化矽膜,並針對不同之情況下,比較每個週期之生長速率GPC(Growth Rate per Cycle)及濕式蝕刻速率WER(Wet Etch Rate)。該結果在圖4至圖6中被示出。
作為參照,圖4是根據本發明之實施例之薄膜形成方法中,根據淨化氣體種類之每個週期之生長速率GPC(Growth Rate per Cycle)及濕式蝕刻速率WER(Wet Etch Rate)相比較的圖表,且圖5是根據本發明之實施例之薄膜形成方法中,根據反應氣體種類之GPC及WER相比較的圖表,且圖6是根據本發明之實施例之薄膜形成方法中,根據源氣體種類之GPC及WER以及均等度(Unif.)相比較的圖表。在此,圖4至圖6中作為比較基準之參考LP-SiN(基準例)是將700℃低壓化學氣相沈積裝置中形成之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)作為比較對象進行的。
參照圖4,在上述之半間歇方式原子層沈積裝置10中,使用矽烷胺(Silylamine)系之氣體來作為源氣體,並使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為反應氣體,且分別使用氮氣及氬氣作為淨化氣體,從而形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。
在此,在使用氮氣作為淨化氣體時(實施例),GPC在0.6Å/週期經飽和,且WER示出1nm/分鐘以下之位準。即,與700℃低壓化學氣相沈積裝置中形成之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)(基準例)比較時,可找到相似程度之WER。相反,使用氬氣作為淨化氣體時(比較例),GPC為1.5Å/週期以上,且WER示出5nm/分鐘以上之值。即,比較例1之情況下,具有類似CVD之ALD(CVD-like ALD)的反應。作為參照,類似CVD之ALD雖然與ALD製程順序相似包含淨化步驟,但是,在反應時點中,源氣體及反應氣體同時分解/反應來形成薄膜,因此,與通常之ALD製程相比,形成之薄膜較厚。ALD之情況下,每一個週期形成具有單原子層以下厚度之薄膜,相反,類似CVD之ALD之情況下,每一個週期形成具有單原子層以上厚度之薄膜。
以下,參照圖5,在上述之半間歇方式原子層沈積裝置中,使用矽烷胺系之氣體來作為源氣體,並使用氮氣作為淨化氣體,從而形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。但是,分別使用經電漿活性化之氮氣(實施例)、氮氣與氬氣之混合氣體(比較例2)、含有氫之氣體(比較例3)作為反應氣體。
在此,在實施例中,GPC在0.6Å/週期經飽和,且WER示出1nm/分鐘以下之位準,可確定具有與基準例相似之WER。相反,在使用氮氣及氬氣之混合氣體作為反應氣體之比較例2中,GPC為1.5Å/週期以上,且WER示出3nm/分鐘以上之值,可確定具有類似CVD之ALD反應。此外,使用含有氫之氣體作為反應氣體之比較例3中,GPC為1.5Å/週期以上,且WER示出10nm/分鐘以上之值,因此,確認為含 有過多氫之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)被形成。作為參照,氮化矽膜主要以矽及氮之結合被形成,由於含有過多氫之薄膜包括Si-H鍵接(bonding),因此,形成矽不能結合之位置(site),即Si-形態之懸空,所以薄膜不緊密,且H位置與F系蝕刻化學物之反應增加,蝕刻率較高。
以下,參照圖6,在上述之半間歇方式原子層沈積裝置中,使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為反應氣體,使用氮氣作為淨化氣體,從而形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。在此,分別使用矽烷胺系之矽(Si)原料前驅體(實施例)及其他矽原料前驅體(比較例4)來作為源氣體。
在此,在實施例中,GPC在0.6Å/週期經飽和,且以300mm晶圓為基準,其厚度均勻性為3%以下。WER示出1nm/分鐘以下之位準,可確定具有與基準例相似程度之WER。相反,在使用其他矽(Si)原料前驅體之比較例4中,GPC為0.3Å/週期以上,以300mm晶圓為基準,其厚度均勻性為5%以上,且WER示出2nm/分鐘以上之值,因此可確定相比實施例,薄膜之品質較低。
如上所述,根據本發明之實施例,使用矽烷胺系之矽(Si)原料前驅體作為源氣體,且使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為反應氣體,使用氮氣作為淨化氣體,從而在半間歇方式之原子層沈積裝置中可形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4),可在200℃至350℃之低溫中形成氮化矽膜(Si3N4)。此外,根據實施例,具有接近在700℃低壓化學氣相沈積裝置中所形成之氮化矽膜(Si3N4)之WER特性,不是類似CVD之ALD反應,而是在AID反應中形成合理之GPC特性及均勻性,以及優秀之高品質薄膜,從而可提高半導體元件之品質。
如上所示,本發明雖然已參照有限之實施例及附圖進行了說明,但是本發明並不侷限於該實施例,在熟習此項技術者皆可自此記載中進行各種修改及變形。舉例而言,說明之技術以不同於所說明之方法之順序被執行,以及/或說明之系統、結構、裝置、電路等構成 元件以不同於所說明之方法之其他形態被結合或組合,或是藉由其他結構元件或均等物被配置或置換,亦可獲得適當之效果。
因此,其他體現、其他實施例,以及與申請專利範圍等同之內容由後附之申請專利範圍來定義。
1‧‧‧基板
10‧‧‧原子層
11‧‧‧處理室
12‧‧‧基板支撐部
13‧‧‧氣體噴射部
14‧‧‧電漿發生部

Claims (13)

  1. 一種薄膜形成方法,該薄膜為氮化矽膜,該方法包含:將基板旋轉使其水平及放射狀地安裝在處理室中的基板支撐部上;將該基板依序通過源區域、第一淨化區域、反應區域及第二淨化區域;及藉由氣體噴射部依序提供源氣體、淨化氣體、反應氣體及淨化氣體至該基板,其中使用含矽之矽前驅體物質作為該源氣體,使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為該反應氣體,及使用氮氣作為該淨化氣體。
  2. 如請求項1之薄膜形成方法,其中使用矽烷胺系物質作為該源氣體。
  3. 如請求項2之薄膜形成方法,其中該源氣體以胺基為中心周圍配置有3個矽原子,該3個矽原子中之至少一個含有一個以上之胺基,且該胺基中含有一個以上之乙基或甲基。
  4. 如請求項2之薄膜形成方法,其中,該源氣體使用雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、三[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基]胺中之任何一種物質。
  5. 如請求項1之薄膜形成方法,其中該氮化矽膜在200℃至350℃之溫度下形成。
  6. 如請求項1之薄膜形成方法,其中該源氣體、該反應氣體及該淨化氣體經連續地噴射。
  7. 如請求項1之薄膜形成方法,其中依序提供源氣體、淨化氣體、反應氣體及淨化氣體之步驟包含當該基板通過該源區域時提供 該源氣體,當該基板通過該第一淨化區域時提供該淨化氣體,當該基板通過該反應區域時提供該反應氣體,及當該基板通過該第二淨化區域時提供該淨化氣體。
  8. 一種原子層沈積裝置,包含:一處理室;基板支撐部,其經配置在該處理室內部,複數個基板係水平及放射狀地安裝在該基板支撐部上;及氣體噴射部,其經配置在該處理室內部之該基板支撐部上方,以將源氣體、反應氣體及淨化氣體連續地噴射在該複數個基板上,其中使用含有矽之矽前驅體物質作為該源氣體,使用經電漿活性化之氮氣作為該反應氣體,使用氮氣作為該淨化氣體,且該原子層沈積裝置係用於形成氮化矽膜;當該基板支撐部旋轉時,該複數個基板依序通過源區域、第一淨化區域、反應區域及第二淨化區域。
  9. 如請求項8之原子層沈積裝置,其中使用矽烷胺系物質作為該源氣體。
  10. 如請求項9之原子層沈積裝置,其中該源氣體以胺基為中心周圍配有3個矽原子,該3個矽原子中之至少一個含有一個以上之胺基,且該胺基中含有一個以上之乙基或甲基。
  11. 如請求項9之原子層沈積裝置,其中,該源氣體使用雙[(二甲氨基)甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、雙[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基](三甲基矽烷基)胺、三[(二乙氨基)三甲基矽烷基]胺中之任何一個物質。
  12. 如請求項8之原子層沈積裝置,其中該氣體噴射部另包含電漿發生部,使該反應氣體經電漿活性化。
  13. 如請求項12之原子層沈積裝置,其中該電漿發生部藉由遠程電漿方式、電容耦合電漿方式及電感耦合電漿方式中之任何一種方式來發生電漿。
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