TWI573385B - Real-time fault detector of photovoltaic module array and method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Optimized line of solar photovoltaic module array Instant fault detector and fault detection method thereof

The invention relates to an optimized on-line fault detector for a solar photovoltaic module array and a fault detection method thereof, and particularly relates to an optimized online instant that can accurately determine the fault and the position of the shading solar photovoltaic module. Fault detector and its fault detection method.

Usually, in order to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module array, the system must be placed in an open and unshaded place. However, the shading situation is inevitable, and the system is placed outdoors for a long time, and may also be affected by the natural environment, such as typhoons, lightning strikes, etc., causing the solar photovoltaic module system to deteriorate and malfunction, and once the shading or malfunction occurs. In this case, not only the output power of the system is greatly reduced, but also a large number of manual elimination methods are needed to obtain the shaded or faulty solar photovoltaic module area and position.

At present, many experts and scholars have been engaged in the fault diagnosis research of solar photovoltaic module arrays, and the output power of solar photovoltaic module arrays is deeply affected by solar sunlight intensity and module temperature, so many experts and scholars are engaged. When the fault diagnosis of the solar photovoltaic module array is still performed, only the power generation data of the simulated solar photovoltaic module array is used.

However, software for simulating solar photovoltaic module array failure or shading must consider many parameters and construct complex mathematical models, which is close to the actual solar photovoltaic module array. The data measurement and calculation of the simulation method is not only complicated, but also the experimental personnel need Have a considerable degree of expertise. However, when the solar photovoltaic module array fails, the parameters in the equivalent circuit will change accordingly. Therefore, when the solar photovoltaic module array fails, its changed parameters will be difficult to calculate, making its fault output characteristics insufficient. Accurate and easy to cause judgment errors.

So far, few experts have proposed research on fault diagnosis of solar photovoltaic module arrays. Only Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands have implemented PVSAT (Photovoltaic Satellite) projects for many years. The architecture of this project is transmitted by meteorological satellites. The meteorological data is cross-matched with the measured data of the ground meteorological station to be used as the atmospheric parameters of the simulated solar photovoltaic power generation system, and then the computer simulates the solar photovoltaic power generation system power generation data and compares it with the measured power generation data to determine the system. Whether module shading or malfunction occurs. However, the PVSAT project requires the use of meteorological satellites, so the cost of construction is extremely high, and the PVSAT program can only be used for the diagnosis of grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems. A stand-alone solar photovoltaic system will be more costly.

The method of comparing the above simulation with the power generation data is only to judge whether the solar photovoltaic module array has fault or shade. Therefore, some experts and scholars use microcomputer technology to measure the current and electricity of each branch of the solar photovoltaic module array. As a feature of solar photovoltaic system fault diagnosis, and comparing the voltage and current of each branch, it can diagnose the fault area of the solar photovoltaic module array. However, when the fault condition of each series in the solar photovoltaic module array is the same, the measured voltage and current will be the same, so the fault area and the module position cannot be correctly determined.

For example, the photovoltaic array confluence measuring and controlling device disclosed in Patent No. CN202171616U discloses that a current sensor is disposed in each branch of the current detecting module, and current can be simultaneously applied to the tandem solar module of each branch. Measure. This patent can only determine which branch of the solar photovoltaic module has failed, and it is obviously impossible to accurately determine the fault location.

Therefore, according to the prior art, the solar photovoltaic module array fault diagnosis method used by the solar photovoltaic module array cannot accurately diagnose the location of the faulty module, so the diagnosis result can only provide the fault message. To troubleshoot the problem, the manpower detection is still necessary to find the location of the fault point.

The object of the present invention is to provide an instant fault detector for fault optimization on a solar photovoltaic module array and a fault detection method thereof, which can accurately determine the location of the faulty module.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an instant fault detector for optimizing an array of solar photovoltaic modules, comprising a solar photovoltaic module array, a plurality of connection switches, a complex current sensor, and a boost converter. , a maximum power tracker, an optimized configuration controller, and a Module shading and fault location diagnostics. The solar photovoltaic module array comprises a plurality of solar photovoltaic module series and a plurality of solar photovoltaic modules juxtaposed, and each solar photovoltaic module series and each solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed respectively comprise a plurality of solar photovoltaic modules, and each solar photovoltaic module The parallel numbering is performed in the order from top to bottom in the solar photovoltaic module array. The connection switch is connected to each series of solar photovoltaic modules, and the connection switches are numbered according to the top-down and left-to-right order of the solar photovoltaic module array. Each current sensor is connected to each of the solar photovoltaic module series to sense a series of solar photovoltaic modules to generate a plurality of solar photovoltaic module serial currents. The boost converter is electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module array. The maximum power tracker is electrically connected to the boost converter and the solar photovoltaic module array, and the maximum power tracker controls the boost converter and tracks the maximum power point of one of the solar photovoltaic module arrays. The optimal configuration controller electrically connects the solar photovoltaic module array, the maximum power tracker and the connection switches, and optimizes the configuration controller to detect the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic module array and the solar photovoltaic module. The array output current is calculated to calculate an output power, and the optimized configuration controller compares the output power and the maximum power point and outputs a switch control signal corresponding to the control connection switch, wherein the switch control signal includes a plurality of closed switch number groups. And each closed switch number group contains a plurality of closed switch numbers. The module shading and fault location diagnostic device is electrically connected to each current sensor and the optimal configuration controller, and the module shading and fault location diagnostic device receives the tandem current and switch control signals of the solar photovoltaic module, and The fault position judgment relationship n+1=m finds one of the faulty or shaded solar photovoltaic modules, where n represents one of the closed switch number groups A minimum closed switch number, m represents the parallel number of one of the solar photovoltaic modules containing one of the solar modules of the fault or shade.

According to an embodiment of the above-mentioned instant fault detector for optimizing the solar photovoltaic module array, wherein the solar photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed in the order of the top-down order of the solar photovoltaic module array, so that the solar photovoltaic module array is The sequence includes a first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed and a second solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed. And if n=1, m=2, which means that the juxtaposition of the first solar photovoltaic module or the second solar photovoltaic module may cause fault or shading, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device additionally judges the closed switch number group. The remaining closed switch number is deleted except for the minimum closed switch number to determine whether the first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to generate fault or shade. In more detail, when the number of solar photovoltaic module series and current sensor is three, each solar photovoltaic module series includes four solar photovoltaic modules, and the number of connection switches is ten and its number is S ₀ to S _9, showed that the photovoltaic module array structure and three four strings. If the first solar photovoltaic module is faulty or shaded in parallel, the closed switch numbers in the closed switch number group may be (S ₁ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₃ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₆ , S ₇ ) and (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₇ ), if the second solar photovoltaic module The faults or shades are generated in parallel, and the closed switch numbers in the closed switch number group can be (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ , S ₇ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ , S ₇ ), ( S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ ) and (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ ), so when n=1, m=2, it represents the first If the solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to cause malfunction or shading, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device additionally determines whether the closed switch number in the closed switch number group includes both S ₂ and S ₇ . Then, it can be determined that the first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to generate fault or shade.

According to another embodiment of the optimized on-line fault detector of the solar photovoltaic module array, the boost converter includes an input capacitor, an inductor, a transistor, a diode, an output capacitor, and a capacitor. A voltage feedback circuit and a transistor drive circuit. The input capacitor has a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end are electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module array. The inductor has a third end and a fourth end, and the third end is electrically connected to the first end of the input capacitor. The transistor has a driving end, a fifth end and a sixth end. The fifth end is electrically connected to the fourth end of the inductor, and the sixth end is electrically connected to the second end of the input capacitor. The diode has a seventh end and an eighth end, and the seventh end is electrically connected to the fifth end of the transistor and the fourth end of the inductor. The output capacitor has a ninth end and a tenth end. The ninth end is electrically connected to the eighth end of the diode, and the tenth end is electrically connected to the sixth end of the transistor and the second end of the input capacitor. The voltage feedback circuit has a feedback end, a tenth end and a twelfth end, and the feedback end is electrically connected to the maximum power tracker, the optimized configuration controller, and the module shading and fault location diagnostic device. The eleventh end is connected to the first end of the input capacitor, and the twelfth end is connected to the second end of the input capacitor. The transistor driving circuit is electrically connected to the driving end of the transistor and the maximum power tracker. The optimized on-line fault detector of the solar photovoltaic module array may further comprise a display, a converter and a load end, and the display is electrically connected to the module shading and fault location diagnostic device to display the solar photovoltaic module array. In the case of shadow and fault, the converter is electrically connected to the boost converter, and the load is electrically connected to the converter. The current sensor can be a Hall current sensor.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a fault detection method for an instant fault detector on an optimized line of a solar photovoltaic module array as described above. The step of the fault detection method includes a current sensing step, A fault detection step, a maximum power tracking step, an optimized configuration step, and a shading and fault location diagnostic step. The current sensing step senses the tandem current of the solar photovoltaic module. The fault detection step compares the tandem current of the solar photovoltaic module to determine whether the solar photovoltaic module array is shaded or faulty. The maximum power tracking step calculates the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic module array based on the particle swarm algorithm. The optimization configuration step compares the output power and the maximum power point to output the switch control signal and the switch connection switch performs the arrangement and combination, so that the solar photovoltaic module array is connected or connected to the connected switch to optimize the connection. Architecture. The shading and fault location diagnosis steps are to determine the faulty or shading solar photovoltaic module from the solar photovoltaic module serial current and the switch control signal by the fault location judgment relationship n+1=m.

According to another embodiment of the foregoing fault detector, in the step of diagnosing the shading and fault location, the solar photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed in the order of the top-down order of the solar photovoltaic module array, so that the solar module array is sequentially included. A first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed and a second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed. And if n=1, m=2, which means that the juxtaposition of the first solar photovoltaic module or the second solar photovoltaic module may cause fault or shading, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device additionally judges the closed switch number group. The remaining closed switch number is deleted except for the minimum closed switch number to determine whether the first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to generate fault or shade.

Therefore, the present invention proposes an optimized on-line fault detector for a solar photovoltaic module array and a fault detection method thereof, and uses a connection switch as a parallel path in each string of solar photovoltaic modules, and optimizes functions. Only one set of maximum power tracker and one optimal configuration controller is required, and the fault location determination function is achieved by using a module shading and fault location diagnostics. When the solar photovoltaic module array is partially shaded or fails, the particle cluster algorithm can be used to control the connection switch, thereby changing the connection structure of the solar photovoltaic module array to work to increase the power generation at the maximum power point. Then, according to the state of the connection switch between the array of solar modules and the serial current of each solar photovoltaic module, the position of the faulty solar photovoltaic module is determined and output to the display to display it.

100‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Array

110‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Modules

120, 130‧‧‧ solar photovoltaic modules juxtaposed

200‧‧‧Boost converter

300‧‧‧Max Power Tracker

400‧‧‧Optimized configuration controller

500‧‧‧Modular Shading and Fault Location Diagnostics

600‧‧‧ display

700‧‧‧Converter

800‧‧‧load

910‧‧‧ Current sensing steps

920‧‧‧Fault detection steps

930‧‧‧Maximum power tracking steps

940‧‧‧Optimization configuration steps

950‧‧‧ Shade and fault location diagnostic steps

H ₀ ~ H ₂ ‧‧‧ current sensor

S ₀ ~S ₉ ‧‧‧Connecting switch

L‧‧‧Inductance

Cin‧‧‧ input capacitor

D‧‧‧ diode

M‧‧‧O crystal

F _C ‧‧‧voltage feedback circuit

Cout‧‧‧ output capacitor

V _PV ‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Array Output Voltage

D _C ‧‧‧Cell crystal drive circuit

I _PV ‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Array Output Current

S _W ‧‧‧ switch control signal

I _S ‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Tandem Current

S01~S09, S10~S18‧‧‧ steps

The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; A circuit diagram that optimizes the on-line fault detector.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit of the solar photovoltaic module array in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the method for detecting the fault of the instant fault detector on the optimized line of the solar photovoltaic module array in Figure 1.

4A to 4B are detailed flowcharts showing the failure detecting method in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of the first type of connection switch when the first solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of the second type of connection switch when the first solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of a third type of connection switch when the first solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of a fourth type of connection switch when the first solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5E is a schematic diagram showing the optimal configuration circuit of the fifth type of connection switch when the first solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of the first type of connection switch when the second solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of the second type of connection switch when the second solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6C is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of a third type of connection switch when the second solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6D is a schematic diagram showing an optimized configuration circuit of a fourth type of connection switch when the second solar photovoltaic module is in parallel failure in FIG. 2 .

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , wherein FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an instant fault detector on the optimized line of the solar photovoltaic module array. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit of the solar photovoltaic module array in Figure 1. The overall structure of the instantaneous fault detector on the solar photovoltaic module array includes a solar photovoltaic module array 100, a plurality of connection switches S ₀ ~ S ₉ , a complex current sensor H ₀ ~ H ₂ , a boost conversion The device 200, a maximum power tracker 300, an optimized configuration controller 400, a module shading and fault location diagnostic device 500, a display 600, a converter 700, and a load 800. In the present embodiment, the solar photovoltaic module array 100 and the plurality of connection switches S ₀ to S _{9 are} connected in a four-string triple structure, and the number of the current sensors H ₀ to H ₂ is used for illustrative purposes only. It is not limited to this.

The solar photovoltaic module array 100 is formed by paralleling a plurality of solar photovoltaic module series 110, and each solar photovoltaic module serial 110 comprises four solar photovoltaic modules.

The connection switches S ₀ to S _{9 are} connected to the solar photovoltaic module series 110, and the connection switches S ₀ to S ₉ are numbered in order from top to bottom and from left to right in the solar photovoltaic module array 100.

The current sensors H ₀ ~ H ₂ are respectively connected to the respective solar photovoltaic module series 110 to sense the solar photovoltaic module series 110 to generate a plurality of solar photovoltaic module serial currents I _S , and the current sensors H ₀ ~ H _{2 are} connected to each other. The current sensors H ₀ ~H ₂ can be Hall current sensors.

The boost converter 200 is electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module array 100. In this embodiment, the boost converter 200 can include an input capacitor Cin, an inductor L, a transistor M, a diode D, an output capacitor Cout, a voltage feedback circuit F _C, and a transistor drive. The circuit D _C , wherein the circuit structure of the boost converter 200 of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1 , but the boost converter 200 is a conventional technology, and the architecture of the above circuit can be obtained by those skilled in the art. Change without any restrictions. The boost converter 200 performs a DC-DC conversion power supply such that the voltage output from the boost converter 200 is higher than the voltage of the input boost converter 200 of the solar photovoltaic module array 100. The voltage feedback circuit F _C returns the solar photovoltaic module array output voltage V _{PV of the} solar photovoltaic module array 100 to the maximum power tracker 300, the optimized configuration controller 400, and the module shading and fault location. Diagnostic 500. The transistor driving circuit D _{C is} electrically connected to the transistor M and the maximum power tracker 300.

The maximum power tracker 300 is electrically connected to the transistor driving circuit D _{C of the} boost converter 200 and the voltage feedback circuit F _{C of the} solar photovoltaic module array 100 and receives the solar photovoltaic module array output of the solar photovoltaic module array 100. The voltage V _PV and a solar photovoltaic module array output current I _PV , and the maximum power tracker 300 employs a particle swarm algorithm to track one of the maximum power points of the solar photovoltaic module array 100.

The optimal configuration controller 400 is electrically connected to the voltage feedback circuit F _{C of the} solar photovoltaic module array 100, the maximum power tracker 300, and the solar photovoltaic module array output that connects the switches S0 to S9 and receives the solar photovoltaic module array 100. The voltage V _PV and the solar photovoltaic module array output current I _PV , the optimal configuration controller 400 uses the solar photovoltaic module array output voltage V _PV and the solar photovoltaic module array output current I _{PV to} calculate an output power, and optimizes The configuration controller 400 compares the output power and the maximum power point and outputs a switch control signal S _W corresponding to the control connection switches S ₀ to S ₉ , and the switch control signal S _W includes a plurality of closed switch number groups, and each closed switch number The group includes a plurality of closed switch numbers S _n , n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 9, and the optimization configuration controller 400 is the same as the maximum power tracker 300.

The module shading and fault location diagnostic device 500 is electrically connected to the current sensor H ₀ ~ H ₂ and the optimized configuration controller 400. The module shading and fault location diagnostic device 500 receives the tandem current of each solar photovoltaic module. I _S and the switch control signal S _W , and determine the faulty or shading solar photovoltaic module by a fault position judgment relationship n+1=m, where n represents a minimum closed switch number in one of the closed switch number groups, m represents the parallel numbering of the solar photovoltaic modules of one of the solar photovoltaic modules including faults or shades, wherein the solar photovoltaic modules are numbered in parallel according to the top-down order of the solar photovoltaic module array 100.

The display 600 is coupled to the module shading and fault location diagnostics 500 for displaying fault and shading solar photovoltaic module locations.

The converter 700 is electrically connected to the boost converter 200, and converts the DC power boosted by the boost converter 200 into an AC power source.

The load 800 is electrically connected to the converter 700 to receive AC power.

Please refer to FIG. 3, FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method for detecting faults by an instant fault detector on the optimized line of the solar photovoltaic module array 100 in FIG. 1 . 4A and 4B are detailed flowcharts showing the fault detecting method in FIG. 3. The steps of the fault detection method include a current sensing step 910, a fault detecting step 920, a maximum power tracking step 930, an optimization configuration step 940, and a shading and fault location diagnostic step 950. Current sensing step 910: sensing the tandem current of the solar photovoltaic module. Fault detection step 920: comparing the tandem currents of the solar photovoltaic modules to determine whether the solar photovoltaic module array is shaded or faulty. The maximum power tracking step 930 is to calculate the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic module array according to the particle swarm algorithm. Optimization configuration step 940: Comparing the output power and the maximum power point to output the switch control signal and opening and closing the connection switch to perform the arrangement and combination, so that the solar photovoltaic module array is connected or connected to the connected switch to optimize the connection structure. Shading and fault location diagnosis step 950: judging the relationship n+1=m from the fault position to find the faulty or shading solar photovoltaic module from the solar photovoltaic module serial current and the switch control signal.

The steps of the aforementioned failure detecting method will be described in more detail as follows. Step S01, initializing the particle group related parameters, such as the number of particles, the switch control signal, the individual optimized fitness value P _best, and the group optimization adaptation value G _best , and setting the switch control signal to the position of the particle, thereby establishing the most desired The good objective function is the maximum output power of the solar photovoltaic module array. In step S02, the particle of the particle swarm algorithm is set to i , where i =1, 2, 3...N, and is calculated by i =1. In step S03, the random number generates a switch control signal of the particle i . In step S04, the switch control signal of the particle i is outputted to the connection switch to turn the connection switch on or off. In step S05, it is confirmed whether the maximum power tracking is completed. Step S06, if yes, extract the output voltage and output current of the solar photovoltaic module array and calculate the output power. In step S07, it is confirmed whether the output power of the current particle i is greater than the individual optimized adaptation value P _best . Step S08, if yes, update the individual best fitness value P _best . In step S09, it is confirmed whether the output power of the current particle i is greater than the optimal group fitness value G _best . Step S10, if yes, update the group optimal fitness value G _best . In step S11, if step S07 and step S09 are otherwise, it is confirmed whether all the particles have been evaluated. In step S12, if all the particles are not evaluated, the evaluation of the next particle i = i +1 is performed. In step S13, the particle velocity and the particle position are updated if all the particles are evaluated. In step S14, it is next confirmed whether the number of iterations has been met. In step S15, if it is returned to the setting of the particle i, the next iteration is performed. Step S16, if yes, output a switch control signal that meets the best fitness value G _best of the group. Step S17, transmitting the switch control signal and the output current of the solar photovoltaic module array and estimating the position of the faulty module for display. In step S18, it is determined whether the shading or fault condition of the solar photovoltaic module array is changed, and if so, the step of initializing the relevant parameters is re-executed, otherwise the step S17 is maintained.

How to optimize the on-line fault detector of the solar photovoltaic module array 100 using the particle swarm algorithm for maximum power tracking and optimization configuration is a technology disclosed in the technical field, so in the present embodiment, only the fault is targeted. The detection method is illustrated by way of example.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 5A to FIG. 5F , and FIGS. 6A to 6D simultaneously. 5A to 5F are schematic diagrams respectively showing an optimized configuration circuit of the connection switches S ₀ to S ₉ when the first solar photovoltaic module is in the failure of the parallel arrangement in FIG. 2 . 6A to 6D are diagrams respectively showing an optimized configuration circuit of the connection switches S ₀ to S ₉ when the parallel arrangement of the second solar photovoltaic module in FIG. 2 is broken. Specifically, in the drawing, the solar photovoltaic module array 100 includes the first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposition 120 and the second solar photovoltaic module juxtaposition 130, and is numbered according to the order from top to bottom. The array 100 of course also includes a third solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed and a fourth solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed (not labeled).

Here, the solar photovoltaic modules in the solar photovoltaic module array 100 are numbered #01~#12, and it is assumed that the solar photovoltaic module numbered #01 in the first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed 120 is shaded by 30%. The results of the optimized configuration are shown in Figures 5A through 5F. That is, the closed switch number S _{n in the} closed switch number group included in the output control switch 400 output control switch signal _W can be (S ₁ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ ), A combination of five kinds of connection switches S ₀ to S ₉ such as (S ₁ , S ₃ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ ) and (S ₁ , S ₆ , S ₇ ).

If it is assumed that the solar photovoltaic module numbered #02 in the parallel arrangement of the second solar photovoltaic module is 30% shaded, the results of the optimized configuration are as shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D. That is to say, the closed switch number S _{n in the} closed switch number group included in the output control controller 400 output switch control signal S _W can be (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ , S ₇ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ , S ₇ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ ) and (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ ), etc. A combination of connection switches S ₀ ~ S ₉ .

At this time, the faulty or shading solar photovoltaic module is found through the fault location judgment relationship n+1=m, where n represents the minimum closed switch number in the closed switch number group, and m represents the solar photovoltaic module including the fault or shading. One of the solar photovoltaic modules is numbered side by side. The minimum closed switch is denoted by S ₁ , and then 1+1=m, m=2. If only the fault position relationship is judged, only the second solar photovoltaic module juxtaposition 130 may cause fault or shading, but according to FIG. 5A through FIG. 5F, when the designated minimum closing switch S _1, which also may be tied in the case of failure or shade 120 is a first photovoltaic module. Therefore, when the minimum closed switch is labeled S ₁ (ie, n=1), the module shading and fault location diagnostic device 500 must additionally determine the remaining closed switch number S _{n in the} closed switch number group except the minimum closed switch number to determine The solar photovoltaic module numbered #02 in the juxtaposition 120 of the first solar photovoltaic module in parallel 120 is shaded.

Therefore, according to the 5A to 5F and 6A to 6D, the optimal combination of the connection switches S ₀ to S _{9 is} shown, and when the second solar photovoltaic module is in parallel 130, the fault or shading occurs. The closed switch number S _{n in the} closed switch number group included in the switch control signal S _W includes S ₂ and S ₇ . The module shading and fault location diagnostic device 500 determines whether the closed switch number in the closed switch number group includes both S ₂ and S ₇ , and can determine that the first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed 120 or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed 130 Causes malfunction or shading. Therefore, if the closed switch number includes both S ₂ and S _7, the solar photovoltaic module numbered #02 in the parallel array of the second solar photovoltaic module is 30% shaded, if not including S ₂ and S ₇ The solar photovoltaic module numbered #01 in the first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed 120 is shaded by 30%. Finally, by comparing the results of the tandem currents I _S of the solar photovoltaic modules sensed by the current sensors H0~H2, the correct fault solar photovoltaic module positions can be instantly cross-checked.

When the minimum closed switch is labeled S ₁ (ie, n=1), the analysis status of the faulty solar photovoltaic module is found. However, when n is an integer greater than 1, the relationship n+1=m can be directly found through the fault location to directly find the parallel number of the solar photovoltaic module including the faulty solar photovoltaic module, and then pass through the solar photovoltaic module serial current I _S comparison result find fault photovoltaic module comprising the photovoltaic module 110 series, whereby the photovoltaic module to identify the failure location, without having to close the switch within the analysis remaining rest closes the switch No. group No. S _n.

Here, in the case of the four-series solar photovoltaic module array 100 in the second figure, the solar photovoltaic modules are arranged in parallel to cause fault or shading, and the various connection switches S ₀ to S ₉ are arranged as follows. :

The number 1 in the table represents the conduction connection switches S ₀ ~ S ₉ , so that the current of the solar photovoltaic module can pass, and the number 0 represents that the connection switches S ₀ ~ S _{9 are} not turned on. Of course, the embodiment only uses the four-series solar photovoltaic module array 100 as an example. If the number of series and parallel connections is increased, the instantaneous fault detection on the optimized line of the solar photovoltaic module array 100 of the present embodiment can also be utilized. To diagnose the location of the faulty or shaded solar module.

According to the above embodiment, the instant fault detector for the optimization of the solar photovoltaic module array and the fault detection method thereof are proposed in the embodiment, and the connection switch is opened in each string of solar photovoltaic modules. Or turn off the decision current path. When the solar photovoltaic module array is partially shaded or fails, the particle group algorithm can be used to control the opening or closing of the connection switch, thereby changing the solar photovoltaic module array to an optimal configuration connection structure. Then, according to the optimal configuration state of the connection switch between the arrays of solar modules, the solar photovoltaic modules including the faulty solar photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed, and the faulty solar photovoltaic modes are determined according to the tandem currents of the solar photovoltaic modules. The group of solar photovoltaic modules is in series, and the serial current is significantly lower than other series, indicating that there is a shadow or malfunction of the module in the series, thereby judging the position of the faulty solar photovoltaic module and outputting it to the display. Its plus In order to show, the system can be repaired in real time without wasting the time and cost of the conventional manual elimination method.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention can be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached.

100‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Array

200‧‧‧Boost converter

300‧‧‧Max Power Tracker

400‧‧‧Optimized configuration controller

500‧‧‧Modular Shading and Fault Location Diagnostics

600‧‧‧ display

700‧‧‧Converter

800‧‧‧load

S ₀ ~S ₉ ‧‧‧Connecting switch

L‧‧‧Inductance

Cin‧‧‧ input capacitor

D‧‧‧ diode

M‧‧‧O crystal

F _C ‧‧‧voltage feedback circuit

Cout‧‧‧ output capacitor

V _PV ‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Array Output Voltage

D _C ‧‧‧Cell crystal drive circuit

I _S ‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Tandem Current

S _W ‧‧‧ switch control signal

I _PV ‧‧‧Solar Photovoltaic Module Array Output Current

H0~H2‧‧‧ Current Sensor

Claims (10)

An optimized on-line fault detector for a solar photovoltaic module array, comprising: a solar photovoltaic module array comprising a plurality of solar photovoltaic module series and a plurality of solar photovoltaic modules juxtaposed, each of the solar photovoltaic module strings The solar photovoltaic modules and the solar photovoltaic modules respectively comprise a plurality of solar photovoltaic modules, and the solar photovoltaic modules are numbered in parallel according to the top-down order of the solar photovoltaic module array; the plurality of connection switches, the connection switches Connecting the solar photovoltaic module series, and the connection switches are numbered according to the top-down and left-to-right order of the solar photovoltaic module array; the plurality of current sensors, each of the current sensors respectively Connected to each of the arrays of solar photovoltaic modules to sense the series of solar photovoltaic modules to generate a plurality of solar photovoltaic module serial currents; a boost converter electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module array a maximum power tracker electrically connected to the boost converter and the solar photovoltaic module array, the maximum power tracker controlling the boost converter and tracking the solar photovoltaic One of the largest power points of the array; an optimized configuration controller electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module array, the maximum power tracker and the connection switches, the optimized configuration controller detecting the solar photoelectric mode One array of solar photovoltaic module array output voltage and one solar photovoltaic module array output current to calculate an output power, and the optimized configuration controller compares the output power with the maximum a high power point and outputting a switch control signal correspondingly controlling the connection switches to be arranged and combined, the switch control signal includes a plurality of closed switch number groups, and each of the closed switch number groups includes a plurality of closed switch numbers; and a module shading and a fault location diagnostic device electrically connected to the current sensors and the optimized configuration controller, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device receiving the tandem currents of the solar photovoltaic modules and the switch control signals, And determining, by a fault location, the relationship n+1=m to find one of the fault or shades of the solar photovoltaic module, wherein n represents a minimum closed switch number within the closed switch number group, and m represents fault or shade One of the solar photovoltaic modules is a solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed. The instant fault detector for optimizing the solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 1, wherein: the solar photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed according to the top-down order of the solar photovoltaic module array. Aligning the solar module array with a first solar photovoltaic module and a second solar photovoltaic module in parallel; and if n=1, m=2, representing the first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed or the first If the solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to cause malfunction or shading, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device additionally determines the number of the closed switch numbers remaining in the closed switch number group except the minimum closed switch number to determine the The first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to cause malfunction or shading. The instant fault detector for optimizing the solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 2, wherein the solar photovoltaic module series and the current sensors are respectively three in number, each of the sun The photovoltaic module series includes four solar photovoltaic modules, and the number of the connection switches is ten and the numbers are S ₀ to S ₉ , so that the solar photovoltaic module array has a four-string triple structure. The instant fault detector for optimizing the solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 3, wherein if the first solar photovoltaic module is in parallel to cause fault or shading, the closed switch number groups are The closed switch numbers may be (S ₁ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₃ , S ₆ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ ) (S ₁ , S ₆ , S ₇ ) and (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₇ ), if the second solar photovoltaic module is in parallel to generate fault or shading, the closed switches in the closed switch number groups The numbers can be (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ , S ₇ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ , S ₇ ), (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ ) And (S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ ), so when n=1, m=2, it means that the first solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed If the fault or the shadow is likely to occur, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device additionally determines whether the closed switch numbers in the closed switch number group include both S ₂ and S ₇ , and the first sun can be determined. The photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to cause malfunction or shading. The optimized on-line fault detector of the solar photovoltaic module array of claim 1, wherein the boost converter comprises: an input capacitor having a first end and a second end, The first end and the second end are electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module array; an inductor has a third end and a fourth end, and the third end is electrically connected to the first end of the input capacitor a transistor having a driving end, a fifth end and a sixth end, wherein the fifth end is electrically connected to the fourth end of the inductor, and the sixth end is electrically connected to the second end of the input capacitor a diode having a seventh end and an eighth end, the seventh end electrically connecting the fifth end of the transistor and the fourth end of the inductor; an output capacitor having a first The ninth end is electrically connected to the eighth end of the diode, and the tenth end is electrically connected to the sixth end of the transistor and the second end of the input capacitor a voltage feedback circuit having a feedback end, a tenth end and a twelfth end, wherein the feedback end is electrically connected to the most a high power tracker, the optimized configuration controller, and the module shading and fault location diagnostic device, the eleventh end is connected to the first end of the input capacitor, and the twelfth end is connected to the input capacitor a second end; and a transistor driving circuit electrically connected to the driving end of the transistor and the maximum power tracker. The instant fault detector for optimizing the solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 1, further comprising: a display electrically connected to the module shading and fault location diagnostic device to display the solar photovoltaic Module array shading and fault conditions. The instant fault detector for optimizing the solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 1, further comprising: a converter electrically connected to the boost converter; and a load, the electric Connect the converter. The optimized on-line fault detector of the solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 1, wherein the current sensors can be Hall current sensors. A fault detecting method is applied to an instant fault detector on an optimized line of a solar photovoltaic module array according to claim 1, wherein the step of the fault detecting method comprises: a current sensing step, sensing The solar photovoltaic module is in series current; a fault detecting step compares the tandem currents of the solar photovoltaic modules to determine whether the solar photovoltaic module array is shaded or faulted; a maximum power tracking step, according to the particle group The algorithm calculates the maximum power point of the array of solar photovoltaic modules; An optimized configuration step of comparing the output power and the maximum power point to output the switch control signal and switching the connection switches to perform an arrangement and combination, so that the solar photovoltaic module array is connected to the open or close of the connection switches Calculating one of the optimized connection architectures; and a shading and fault location diagnosis step, determining the relationship n+1=m from the fault location to find out the tandem currents of the solar photovoltaic modules and the switch control signals One of the malfunction or shade of the solar photovoltaic module. The method for detecting faults according to claim 9, wherein the shading and fault location diagnosing steps: the solar photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed according to the top-down order of the solar photovoltaic module array. The solar module array includes a first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed and a second solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed; and if n=1, m=2, representing the first solar photovoltaic module juxtaposed or the second solar If the photoelectric modules are juxtaposed to cause malfunction or shading, the module shading and fault location diagnostic device additionally determines the number of the closed switch numbers remaining in the closed switch number group except the minimum closed switch number to determine the first The solar photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed or the second solar photovoltaic module is juxtaposed to cause malfunction or shading.