TWI572116B - Electric motor and/or alternators with machine-adjustable permanent magnetic field - Google Patents

Description

Rotor and stator assembly for use in electric motors or generators

This invention relates to an electric motor and generator, and more particularly to adjusting the orientation of a fixed magnet and/or a non-magnetic shunt block in a rotor to achieve efficient operation at various revolutions per minute.

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/610,184, filed on Oct. 30, 2009, and the entire disclosure of the entire disclosure of The content is incorporated into this application by reference.

Brushless DC motors typically require operation at various revolutions per minute, but can only be operated efficiently over a limited number of revolutions per minute. In addition, generators and alternators typically need to operate over a wide range of revolutions per minute. For example, an automotive alternator operates at a revolutions per minute that is proportional to the engine revolutions per minute, while a wind alternator operates at a revolutions per minute that is proportional to the wind speed. Unfortunately, known alternators generate electricity at voltages that are proportional to the number of revolutions per minute. Because the number of revolutions per minute cannot be easily controlled, other components are often required to adjust the output voltage, which adds inefficiency, complexity, and cost to the alternator system.

There have been some attempts to use "field weakening" to widen the range of revolutions per minute to allow the motor to be efficient at very low revolutions per minute and still achieve efficient higher revolutions per minute. This field weakening can be applied to an internal permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) or an AC synchronous induction motor, allowing 3 to 4 times the base. Quasi-speed (revolutions per minute) with reasonable efficiency. Unfortunately, field weakening with conventional methods sacrifices efficiency at higher revolutions per minute and increases the complexity of controller algorithms and software.

In generator/alternator applications, the output voltage is proportional to the flux strength, requiring an inverter in the automotive alternator or a separate electromagnetic excitation coil, and the automotive alternator is only 60% to 70% efficient. Because the alternator must operate over a wide range of revolutions per minute. A similar problem exists in wind turbines where the wind speed changes encountered result in inefficient operation.

The present invention addresses these and other needs by providing an apparatus and method for adjusting the magnetic field of a brushless motor and an alternator to achieve efficient operation over a wide range of revolutions per minute. The motor or alternator includes a fixed winding (or stator) that surrounds a rotating rotor that carries permanent magnets. The permanent magnet is generally cylindrical and has a north (N) and south (S) pole formed longitudinally within the magnet. The magnetic circuit is formed by a magnet located in a magnetic pole piece, such as a low carbon or mild steel and/or laminated insulating layer made of a non-magnetized material. Rotating the permanent magnet or turning the non-magnetic shunt block within the pole block will augment or attenuate the generated magnetic field, thereby adjusting the motor or alternator for low torque per minute or for effective high revolutions per minute effectiveness. Changing the rotor field adjusts the voltage output of the alternator, allowing, for example, the wind turbine to maintain a fixed voltage output. Other materials used in the rotor are generally non-magnetic materials such as stainless steel.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, an apparatus and method are provided to vary the magnetic flux strength of a rotor/armature in an electric motor to provide improved starting torque. And the efficiency of the number of revolutions per minute.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, apparatus and methods are provided to vary the magnetic flux strength of a rotor/armature in a generator/alternating current generator application to control the output voltage independently of revolutions per minute. Many known alternator applications are unable to control the alternator revolutions per minute, for example, automotive alternators that must operate at revolutions per minute proportional to engine revolutions per minute, and wind turbines that are subject to wind speed effects. Motor. Changing the magnetic flux strength of the rotor/armature allows the output voltage to be controlled independently of the number of revolutions per minute, thereby eliminating the need for an inverter or a separate electromagnetic excitation coil.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, apparatus and methods are provided to vary the magnetic field of a motor or generator by orienting or misaligning a rotatable magnet with a fixed half length permanent magnet by rotating a semi-long cylindrical permanent magnet.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus and method are provided that are adapted to change a magnetic field suitable for use in a motor of an induction motor to provide a weak magnetic field for activating the motor in an asynchronous mode and providing a strong magnetic field The magnetic field strength of the motor for efficient operation of the synchronous mode.

The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention in detail, but are not intended to limit the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

1A is a side view of the reconfigurable electric motor 10 of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is an end view of the reconfigurable electric motor 10, and FIG. 2 is a line 2 along the first drawing. 2 The cross-sectional view of the reconfigurable electric motor 10 is obtained. The motor 10 includes a stator winding 14 and a rotor 12 located inside the stator winding. The reconfigurable electric motor 10 is a brushless AC induction motor including a magnetic circuit including at least one permanent magnet 16 in the rotor 12 (see FIGS. 3 to 7) or a movable magnetic branch block. 80 (see Figures 30A and 30B), the permanent magnet 16 or magnetic shunt block 80 can be adjusted to control the magnetic field of the rotor for effective operation over a range of minutes per minute.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the cylindrical quadrupole permanent magnet 16a of the present invention. The poles of the magnet 16 and magnet 16a extend along the length of the magnet as indicated by the dashed lines.

Fig. 5A shows a side view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12a of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention, and Fig. 5B shows an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12a of the radially aligned configuration. The rotor 12 includes a permanent magnet 16, an inner pole block 18, an outer pole block 20, and a non-magnetic washer 22. A pole-block magnetically permeable, non-magnetizable material that conducts the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 16 to form a rotor magnetic field. The non-magnetic gasket 22 separates the inner pole block 18 from the outer pole block 20, and the air gap 23 separates the outer pole block 20. The permanent magnets 16 are generally cylindrical and axially parallel to the motor shaft 11, but other shapes of magnets may be used.

Fig. 6A is an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12a which produces a maximum (or strong) magnetic field 24a (see Fig. 7A) due to the alignment of the two pole permanent magnets 16, and Fig. 6B shows the alignment of the two pole permanent magnets 16 Adjustable permanent magnet that produces a medium magnetic field An end view of the body rotor 12a, Figure 6C, shows an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12a that produces a minimum (or weak) magnetic field 24b (see Figure 7B) due to alignment of the two pole permanent magnets 16. In an electric motor, a strong magnetic field is provided to provide a high torque at a low number of revolutions per minute, while a weak magnetic field is provided to provide an efficient operation at a high number of revolutions per minute. In a generator, the output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the alignment of the magnets, thereby allowing a constant voltage in a generator having varying revolutions per minute, such as automotive alternators and wind turbines.

Fig. 7A shows a strong magnetic field 24a corresponding to Fig. 6A, and Fig. 7B shows a weak magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 6C.

Fig. 8 is a side view showing the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12b of the magnetic flux pressing structure of the present invention, and Fig. 9 is an end view showing the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12b. The adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12b includes a permanent magnet 16, a pole block 21, and an air gap 23. The pole piece is a magnetically permeable but non-magnetizable material that conducts the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 16 to form a rotor magnetic field. The air gap 23 separates the pole pieces 21.

Figure 10A is an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12b of the present invention, wherein the two-pole permanent magnets 16 are aligned to produce a maximum (or strong) magnetic field 24a' (see Figure 11A), and Figure 10B shows the present invention. An end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12b, wherein the two pole permanent magnets 16 are aligned to produce a medium magnetic field, and FIG. 10C is an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12b of the present invention, wherein the alignment of the two pole permanent magnets 16 produces a minimum (or weak ) Magnetic field 24b' (see Figure 11B). In electric motors, the alignment providing a strong magnetic field provides a high torque at low revolutions per minute, while the alignment providing a weak magnetic field provides efficient operation at high revolutions per minute. In the generator, the output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the alignment of the magnets, thereby allowing There are constant voltages in generators with varying revolutions per minute, such as automotive alternators and wind turbines.

Fig. 11A shows a strong magnetic field 24a' corresponding to Fig. 10A, and Fig. 11B shows a weak magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 10C.

Figure 12 is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12c of the present invention having a plurality of cylindrically-arranged permanent magnets 16 in a radially aligned configuration, and Figure 13 is an adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12d of the present invention. An end view of the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 having a plurality of pairs of magnetic flux extruded configurations. The invention is not limited to single or paired permanent magnets, and any number of magnets may constitute a suitable set for the application. For example, 3, 4, 5 or more magnets may be substituted for the pair of magnets shown in Figures 12 and 13.

Figure 14 is an end elevational view of the rotor 12a' of the present invention including the adjustable inner permanent magnet 16 and the fixed outer magnet 17 in a radially aligned configuration. The combination of the adjustable inner permanent magnet 16 and the fixed outer magnet 17 allows for an additional design of the rotor magnetic field. Figure 15A shows an end view of the mixed adjustable inner permanent magnet and the fixed outer magnet rotor 12a' to adjust the maximum magnetic field, and Fig. 15B shows the mixed adjustable inner permanent magnet and the fixed outer magnet rotor 12a'. End view of the minimum magnetic field.

Fig. 16 is an end view showing the magnetic flux-pressing structure of the mixing rotor 12b' including the adjustable inner permanent magnet 16 and the fixed outer magnet 17 of the present invention. The combination of the adjustable inner permanent magnet 16 and the fixed outer magnet 17 allows for an additional design of the rotor magnetic field. Figure 17A shows an end view of the hybrid adjustable inner permanent magnet and the fixed outer magnet rotor 12b' adjusted to produce a maximum magnetic field, and Figure 17B shows the mixed adjustable inner permanent magnet and the fixed outer magnet rotor 12b' adjusted to produce a minimum End view of the magnetic field.

Fig. 18 is an end view showing the element 30 for constructing the laminated pole piece, and Fig. 18A is a partially enlarged view showing Fig. 18. The rotor is typically constructed by laminating a plurality of elements 30, each element 30 preferably being coated with an electrically insulating layer. Element 30 has a radius Rr comprising a circular cutout 32 for a cylindrical permanent magnet 16 having a radius Rm and an air gap 34 having a width Wag. A similar construction of stacked pole pieces for use in other embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 19A shows a side view of a first embodiment of a device 40a for adjusting the position of the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 at a first magnet position, and Figure 19B shows a first magnet for adjusting a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet. An end view of the positional device 40a, Figure 20A shows a side view of the device 40a for adjusting the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 in the second magnet position, and Figure 20B shows the cylindrical permanent magnet for adjusting the An end view of the device 40a at the second magnet position. The means for adjusting 40a includes a linear motor 42 preferably a stepper motor, a shaft 48 axially actuated by the linear motor 42, a ring 46 axially actuated by the shaft 48, and actuated by the ring 46 and The arm(s) 44 are coupled to one of the six rack drive mechanisms 52. The rack drive mechanism 52 engages the gear 50 attached to the permanent magnet 16 to rotate the permanent magnet 16. Actuating the shaft 48 to the right pulls the rack drive 52 radially, actuating the shaft 48 to the left, pushing the rack drive 52 radially out, thereby directly rotating via the gear 50 that directly engages the rack drive 52 The permanent magnets 16 and the remaining permanent magnets 16 are coupled to the actuating device via a rack drive 52 located between adjacent gears 50.

Figure 21A shows a side view of a second embodiment of a device 40b for adjusting the position of the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 at a first magnet position, Figure 21B Shown as an end view of the apparatus 40b for adjusting the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet at the first magnet position, and FIG. 22A is a side view of the apparatus 40b for adjusting the position of the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 at the second magnet position, Figure 22B shows an end view of the device 40b for adjusting the position of the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet at the second magnet. The means for adjusting 40b includes a linear motor 42 preferably a stepper motor, a shaft 48 axially actuated by the linear motor 42, a ring 46 axially actuated by the shaft 48, and a ring 46 by the ring 46. The curved arm 45 is actuated and coupled to one of the six rack drive mechanisms 52. The curved arm 45 is biased to, for example, a curved position with a 90° bend. As the ring 46 moves to the right to release the curved arm 45, the curved arm 45 relaxes to the flexed position and pulls the rack drive 52 radially. As the ring 46 moves to the left to exert a force on the curved arm 45, the curved arm 45 straightens and pushes the rack drive 52 radially out. The rack drive mechanism 52 engages the gear 50 attached to the magnet 16 to rotate the permanent magnet 16. The linear motor 42 is actuated to the right thereby pulling the rack drive 52 radially, and the linear motor 42 is actuated to the left to push the rack drive 52 radially out, thereby via the gear 50 that is directly coupled to the rack drive 52. The permanent magnets 16 are rotated directly, and the remaining permanent magnets 16 are coupled to the actuating device by a rack drive mechanism 52 located between adjacent gears 50.

Figure 23A shows a side view of a third embodiment of a device 40c for adjusting the position of the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 at a first magnet position, and Figure 23B shows a second permanent magnet for adjusting the cylindrical body. An end view of the positional device 40c, Figure 24A shows a side view of the device 40c for adjusting the cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet 16 at the second magnet position, and Figure 24B shows the cylindrical permanent magnet for adjusting the An end view of the device 40c at the second magnet position. The means for adjusting 40c includes a linear motor 42, preferably a stepper motor, A shaft 48 axially actuated by the linear motor 42 , a first piston 47 coupled to the shaft 48 , and a second fluidly coupled to the first piston 47 and coupled to one of the six rack drive mechanisms 52 Piston 49. When the first piston 47 moves to the right, the second piston 49 is radially received and the rack drive mechanism 52 is pulled radially. As the ring 46 moves to the left, the first piston 47 moves to the left, the second piston 49 moves radially out, and the rack drive mechanism 52 pushes out radially. The rack drive mechanism 52 engages a gear 50 attached to the permanent magnet 16 to rotate the permanent magnet 16. The linear motor 42 is actuated to the right thereby pulling the rack drive 52 radially, and the linear motor 42 is actuated to the left to push the rack drive 52 radially out, thereby directly engaging the gear 50 of the rack drive 52. The permanent magnets 16 are rotated directly, and the remaining permanent magnets 16 are coupled to the actuating device via a rack drive 52 located between adjacent gears 50.

Figure 25A shows another gear arrangement in accordance with the present invention for adjusting the position of the radially adjustable inner permanent magnet and the cylindrical inner permanent magnet 16 of the fixed outer magnet rotor in a radially aligned configuration. The small magnet gear 50 is fixed to one end of each of the magnets 16. The large sun gear 51 engages each of the small magnet gears 50 and maintains each magnet 16 approximately (as long as the magnets are closely aligned, there may be some gear play) the same alignment and can be adjusted to adjust the magnet 16 from a weak magnetic field to a strong magnetic field. Align.

Fig. 25B shows another gear device for adjusting the position of the cylindrical inner-pole permanent magnet of the hybrid adjustable inner permanent magnet and the fixed outer magnet rotor in the magnetic flux-pressing configuration. The small sun gear 51a only engages alternate ones of the small magnet gears 50, and the small magnet gears 50 engage the adjacent small magnet gears 50 such that the permanent magnets 16 remain similar (as long as the magnets are closely aligned, there may be a certain gear The clearance is the same alignment and can be adjusted to adjust the alignment of the permanent magnet 16 from a weak magnetic field to a strong magnetic field.

Figure 26A shows a side view of the biasing system of the present invention for controlling the position of the magnet of the motor, and Figure 26B shows an end view of the biasing system for controlling the position of the motor magnet by the wire 70. Controller 64 converts the unidirectional DC voltage from power source 68 into a three-phase trapezoidal or sinusoidal waveform for the three phase motor. A DC input line to the field coil 60 is used to generate an electromagnetic field proportional to the load on the motor. The resistance of the field coil 60 is very low and does not decrease to the input voltage of the motor or slightly increase the resistance. A magnetic field acts on the biasing armature 62 and pushes the biasing armature 62 to the left against the curved arm 45 to rotate the permanent magnet 16.

As the motor load increases, the electromagnetic field increases in proportion to the load, the calibration load is only slightly less than the load required to overcome the rotation of the permanent magnet 16, and the tipping circuit 66 is a shunt controller that provides the bias to the bias. The small current of the electromagnetic force of the pivot 62 provides a final force that controls the rotation of the permanent magnet 16 that controls the rotor field. Controller 64 is preferably of the inverter type that converts unidirectional direct current to a given stator magnetic field to rotate the three phase waveform of the rotor.

The bias actuator includes a field coil 60 having an ultra-low resistance and a biasing armature 62 that produces a force proportional to the load current that resists the inherent properties of the permanent magnet 16 To maintain the position of the weak magnetic field. The dump circuit 66 is a low force trigger controller that provides additional current to the bias actuator that can rotate the permanent magnet 16 with very small electrical energy and adjust the magnetic field to a strong position Or weak position.

Figure 27A shows the permanent magnet 16 of the present invention for controlling a generator. A side view of the positional biasing system, Figure 27B, shows an end view of the biasing system for controlling the position of the permanent magnets 16 of the generator. The generator can be driven as a generator/alternator to generate electrical energy for the phase or any phase.

The phase power output of the generator/alternator is typically passed through a six diode array 72 that converts the multiphase current to single phase direct current. The output of one of the output DC wires is transferred to the field coil 60 and the biasing armature 62, which produces a counterforce that is placed against the permanent magnet 16 to naturally rotate the weak magnetic field position. In the same manner as the motor configurations of Figures 26A and 26B, the dump controller provides a small additional current to the field coil 60 and the biasing armature 62 to overcome the magnetic force to control the rotational position and magnetic field of the magnet. The dump loop controller is an electronic transistor type switch that can provide a varying amount of electrical energy to be applied to the biasing force of the field coil 60 and the biasing armature 62.

Figure 28A is a side elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12e of the present invention having an aligned orientation of the rotatable cylindrical magnet 16c, a coaxial fixed half-length cylindrical magnet 16 and In the adjustment system for controlling the position of the magnet, Fig. 28B is a cross-sectional view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12e taken along line 28B-28B of Fig. 28A. Figure 29A shows a second side view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12e in which the rotatable semi-long cylindrical magnet 16c is misaligned with the coaxial fixed half-length cylindrical magnet 16d, and Figure 29B shows the image along line 29A. A cross-sectional view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12e as claimed in the midline 29B-29B. When the magnets 16c are aligned with 16d (i.e., the poles of the magnets 16c and 16d are aligned), a strong magnetic field is generated, and when the magnet 16c is rotated by 180 and the poles of the magnets 16c and 16d are not aligned, a weak magnetic field is generated.

The adjustment system includes a pinion 50 attached to the magnet 16c, a radial sliding rack drive 52 cooperating with the pinion 50 and the second pinion 54, and an axial sliding rack drive cooperating with the second pinion 54 56. The axial sliding rack drive mechanism 56 can be electrically, hydraulically (see Figures 23A-24B) using a solenoid, by a linear motor, by a linear stepper motor, by a lever or by any means Actuated to move the axial sliding rack drive 56 in the axial direction. The axial translation of the axial sliding rack drive 56 is coupled to the second pinion 54 to rotate the second pinion 54. The rotation of the second pinion 54 is coupled to the radially sliding rack drive 52 to radially move the radial slide rack drive 52. The radial movement of the radial sliding rack drive 52 is coupled to the first pinion 50 to rotate the first pinion 50, thereby rotating the permanent magnet 16c to align and misalign the permanent magnet 16c with the permanent magnet 16d. A strong magnetic field and a weak magnetic field are selectively generated.

Figure 30A is an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12f of the present invention, wherein the movable magnetic branch block 80 is aligned with the fixed outer permanent magnet 17 and the fixed inner permanent magnet 16e to provide a strong magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 30B. An end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12f, wherein the movable magnetic branch block 80 rotates and is not aligned with the fixed outer permanent magnets 17 and 16e to provide a weak magnetic field. The movable magnetic branch block 80 is preferably cylindrical and made of a magnetically permeable, non-magnetizable material, and is scraped through the center of the movable magnetic branch block 80 to divide the movable magnetic branch block 80 into two parts. Stick 80a. The rod 80a is made of a non-magnetic material and is called a non-ferrous non-magnetic material. The movable magnetic shunt block 80 can be moved (or adjusted) using any of the described adjustment systems for moving magnets as described herein, any motor or hair that uses a movable shunt to quickly change the magnetic field from a wall magnetic field to a weak magnetic field. Motors are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Fig. 31A is an end view showing the adjustable permanent magnet rotor 12f of the present invention, showing a strong magnetic field 24a" obtained by aligning the movable magnetic branch block with the permanent magnet 16e, which is shown in Fig. 31A. An end view of the permanent magnet rotor 12f is shown as a weak magnetic field 24b" obtained by disaligning the movable magnetic branch block with the permanent magnet 16e. Various other embodiments of a rotor including a magnetically permeable circuit having a movable magnetic shunt block will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as a cylinder located outside the magnet, having alternating magnetic and magnetic segments. a shell, and any rotor used in a motor or generator having such a movable magnetic branch block(s) cooperating with a magnet to selectively generate a strong magnetic field and a weak magnetic field is also intended to be in the present invention. In the range.

Although the technical content of the present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to make a few modifications and modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention.

10‧‧‧Reconfigurable electric motor

11‧‧‧Motor shaft

12‧‧‧Rotor

12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f‧‧‧ adjustable permanent magnet rotor

12a', 12b'‧‧‧ fixed outer magnet rotor

14‧‧‧ stator winding

16, 16a, 16c, 16d, 16e, 17‧‧‧ permanent magnets

18, 20, 21‧‧‧ pole

22‧‧‧Non-magnetic washers

23, 34‧‧‧ Space clearance

24a, 24a", 24b'‧‧‧ strong magnetic field

24b, 24b", 24b'‧‧‧ weak magnetic field

30‧‧‧Components for building laminated poles

32‧‧‧Circular resection

40a, 40b, 40c‧‧‧Devices for adjusting two-pole permanent magnets

42‧‧‧Linear motor

44‧‧‧ Arm

45‧‧‧Bent arm

46‧‧‧ Ring

47‧‧‧First Piston

48‧‧‧Axis

49‧‧‧second piston

50, 51, 51a, 54‧‧‧ gears

52, 56‧‧‧ rack drive mechanism

60‧‧‧ magnetic field coil

62‧‧‧Offset armature

64‧‧‧ Controller

66‧‧‧ dumping circuit

68‧‧‧Power supply

70‧‧‧metal wire

80‧‧‧Removable magnetic circuit block

80a‧‧‧ great

Fig. 1A is a side view of the reconfigurable electric motor of the present invention.

Figure 1B is an end elevational view of the reconfigurable electric motor of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the reconfigurable electric motor taken from line 2-2 of Figure 1A.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a cylindrical quadrupole permanent magnet of the present invention.

Figure 5A is a side elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention.

Figure 5B is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention.

Figure 6A is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention with the two pole permanent magnets aligned for generating a maximum (or strong) magnetic field.

Figure 6B is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention with the two pole permanent magnets aligned for generating a medium magnetic field.

Figure 6C is an end view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention with the two pole permanent magnets aligned for generating a minimum (or weak) magnetic field.

Fig. 7A is a strong magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 6A.

Fig. 7B is a weak magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 6C.

Figure 8 is a side elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the flux squeezing configuration of the present invention.

Figure 9 is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the flux squeezing configuration of the present invention.

Figure 10A is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the flux squeezing configuration of the present invention with the two pole permanent magnets aligned for generating a maximum (or strong) magnetic field.

Figure 10B is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the flux squeezing configuration of the present invention with the two pole permanent magnets aligned for generating a medium magnetic field.

Figure 10C is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the flux squeezing configuration of the present invention with the two pole permanent magnets aligned for generating a minimum (or weak) magnetic field.

Fig. 11A is a strong magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 10A.

Fig. 11B is a weak magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 10C.

Figure 12 is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the present invention with a plurality of pairs of cylindrical two-pole permanent magnets in a radially aligned configuration.

Figure 13 is an end elevational view of an adjustable permanent magnet rotor in accordance with the present invention with a plurality of pairs of cylindrical two pole permanent magnet through extrusion configurations.

Figure 14 is an end elevational view of the hybrid adjustable inner permanent magnet and fixed outer magnet rotor in a radially aligned configuration of the present invention with the inner magnet aligned for generating maximum magnetic flux.

Figure 15A is an end elevational view of the hybrid adjustable inner permanent magnet and fixed outer magnet rotor of the radially aligned configuration of the present invention adjusted for generating a maximum magnetic field.

Figure 15B is an end elevational view of the hybrid adjustable inner permanent magnet and fixed outer magnet rotor in a radially aligned configuration of the present invention adjusted for generating a minimum magnetic field.

Figure 16 is an end elevational view of the hybrid rotor of the present invention comprising a variable inner permanent magnet and a fixed outer magnet in a magnetic flux extruded configuration.

Figure 17A is an end elevational view of the hybrid rotor of the present invention incorporating a tunable inner permanent magnet and a fixed outer magnet into a magnetic flux squeezing configuration that is adjusted to produce a maximum magnetic field.

Figure 17B is an end elevational view of the hybrid rotor of the present invention comprising a tunable inner permanent magnet and a fixed outer magnet in a magnetic flux squeezing configuration that is adjusted to produce a minimum magnetic field.

Figure 18 is an end view of the present invention for constructing a stacked pole piece.

Fig. 18A is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 18.

Figure 19A is a side elevational view of a first embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a first magnet position.

Figure 19B is an end elevational view of the first embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a first magnet position.

Figure 20A is a side elevational view of the first embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a second magnet position.

Figure 20B is an end elevational view of the first embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a second magnet position.

Figure 21A is a side elevational view of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a first magnet position.

Figure 21B is an end elevational view of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a first magnet position.

Figure 22A is a side elevational view of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a second magnet position.

Figure 22B is an end elevational view of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a second magnet position.

Figure 23A is a side elevational view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a first magnet position.

Figure 23B is an end elevational view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a first magnet position.

Figure 24A is a side elevational view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a second magnet position.

Figure 24B is an end elevational view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrical two-pole permanent magnet in a second magnet position.

Figure 25A is an alternative gear arrangement of the present invention for adjusting the position of a cylindrically adjustable inner permanent magnet and a fixed inner magnet permanent magnet of a fixed outer magnet rotor in a radially aligned configuration.

Figure 25B is a hybrid adjustable interior of the present invention for adjusting into a magnetic flux extrusion configuration An alternative gearing arrangement for the permanent magnet and the position of the permanent magnet within the cylindrical pole of the fixed outer magnet rotor.

Figure 26A is a side elevational view of the biasing system of the present invention for controlling the position of a magnet of a motor.

Figure 26B is an end elevational view of the biasing system of the present invention for controlling the position of the magnet of the motor.

Figure 27A is a side elevational view of the biasing system of the present invention for controlling the position of a magnet of a generator.

Figure 27B is an end elevational view of the biasing system of the present invention for controlling the position of a magnet of a generator.

Figure 28A is a side elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the present invention having a rotatable semi-long cylindrical magnet and a coaxial fixed half-length cylindrical magnet and a biasing system for controlling the position of the magnet.

Figure 28B is an adjustable permanent magnet rotor having a rotatable semi-long cylindrical magnet and a coaxial fixed-length cylindrical magnet and a biasing system for controlling the position of the magnet taken along line 288B-28B of Figure 28A of the present invention. Front view.

Figure 29A is a side elevational view of the rotor of the present invention having a rotatable semi-long cylindrical magnet and a coaxial fixed half-length cylindrical magnet and a biasing system for controlling the position of the magnet.

Figure 29B is a front elevational view of the rotor of the present invention having a rotatable half-length cylindrical magnet and a coaxial fixed half-length cylindrical magnet and a biasing system for controlling the position of the magnet.

Figure 30A is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the present invention with the movable magnetic shunt blocks aligned to provide a strong magnetic field.

Figure 30B is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the present invention with the movable magnetic shunt blocks aligned to provide a weak magnetic field.

Figure 31A is an end elevational view of the adjustable permanent magnet rotor of the present invention showing the strong magnetic field obtained by aligning the movable magnetic branch block with the permanent magnet.

Figure 31B is an end view of an adjustable permanent magnet rotor in accordance with the present invention showing the weak magnetic field obtained by the non-alignment of the movable magnetic branch block with the permanent magnet.

10‧‧‧Reconfigurable electric motor

2-2‧‧‧cross line

Claims (26)

A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator for converting between electrical energy and mechanical energy, comprising: a fixed stator set having an electric stator winding; a rotary rotor having a magnetically conductive circuit inside the stator, comprising: a fixed pole block made of a magnetically permeable non-magnetizable material; and a movable magnetic branch block made of a non-magnetic material And a permanent magnet composition, the movable element is movable to selectively generate a strong rotor magnetic field and a weak rotor magnetic field. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of movable members comprise a movable magnetic branch block comprising a pair of rotor axially extending angular space gaps a permanent magnet that resides radially outward from the permanent magnet in a movable magnetic shunt block that moves to align with a permanent magnet that is radially aligned with the space gap to create a strong rotor magnetic field, or to rotate the shunt block apart The magnet creates a weak rotor magnetic field. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 2, comprising a plurality of fixed pole blocks on the surface of the rotor and angularly offset by a space gap, the space gap being also radially outward Separating the fixed pole block from the movable magnetic branch block and the radially outward permanent magnet. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of movable members comprise a rotatable cylindrical permanent magnet, and the inner ring and the outer ring are surrounded by the annular fixed pole block The permanent magnets are in a radially aligned configuration and the rotatable cylindrical permanent magnets rotate between the pole pieces. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the outer fixed pole block is angularly offset from the permanent magnet and is arranged in a one-to-one manner. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outer fixed pole block is fixed to the periphery of the cylindrical rotor. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner fixed pole block is cylindrically spaced apart from the outer circular groove and can be disposed with the rotatable cylindrical permanent magnet In the outer circular groove, each of the outer fixed pole blocks has a circular arc corresponding to the inner circular groove, and can be disposed in the inner circular groove with the rotatable cylindrical permanent magnet. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of movable members comprise a rotatable cylindrical permanent magnet, the fixed pole block being of a magnetic flux extruded configuration. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fixed pole block is a cylindrical structure disposed at a periphery of the rotor. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as recited in claim 9, wherein each fixed pole block includes a tapered edge, an arcuate inner surface, and an arcuate arc with the cylindrical rotor The outer surface corresponds to an outer surface; and each of the wedge sides has a circular groove, and the rotatable columnar permanent magnet is disposed in a circular groove of the pair of fixed pole pieces. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 9 wherein the rotatable cylindrical permanent magnet is coaxial with the rotor and is movable relative to the rotor. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the movable member includes at least one rotatable permanent magnet in magnetic cooperation with the fixed pole block, the at least one rotatable permanent magnet It can move to adjust the rotor magnetic field to a strong magnetic field and to a weak magnetic field. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a magnet gear attached to an end of each of the rotatable permanent magnets to adjust each of the rotatable permanent Alignment of the magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a rack drive mechanism that slides the rack drive mechanism to cooperate with a corresponding one of the magnet gears to adjust each The alignment of the magnet can be rotated. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a sun gear that cooperates with each of the magnet gears to approximately maintain the same of each of the rotatable permanent magnets Align. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a straight rod connected to at least one of the rack gears, and the straight rod is actuated to The rack drive mechanism slides radially to adjust the alignment of each of the rotatable permanent magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 15 wherein the straight rod is actuated by a linear actuator to radially slide the rack drive mechanism to adjust each Rotate the alignment of the permanent magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 16 wherein the linear actuator is a stepper motor. Total rotor and stator used in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 14 The bending arm is coupled to at least one of the rack gears, and the bending arm is actuated to open and close to slide the rack gear to adjust the rotation. The alignment of the permanent magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as set forth in claim 18, wherein the apex of the curved arm abuts a slider and the axial translation of the slider toward the curved arm causes the curved arm Opening and closing to adjust the alignment of each of the rotatable permanent magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 19, wherein the bending arm is actuated by a linear actuator to radially slide the rack drive mechanism to adjust each The alignment of the rotatable permanent magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a hydraulic piston actuating the hydraulic piston to radially slide the rack drive mechanism to adjust each of the rotatable permanent Alignment of the magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hydraulic piston is in fluid communication with a second hydraulic piston, and actuation of the second hydraulic piston causes translation of the hydraulic piston The rack drive mechanism is caused to adjust the alignment of each of the rotatable permanent magnets. A rotor and stator assembly for use in an electric motor or generator as claimed in claim 22, wherein the second hydraulic piston is actuated by a linear actuator. An electric motor comprising: a stator having one of electrical characteristics; a rotating stator magnetic field generated by a current flowing through the stator winding; and a rotor located in the stator winding, the rotor comprising: a fixed pole piece made of a magnetically permeable non-magnetizable material; and a plurality of cylindrical rotor inner permanent magnets magnetically cooperating with the fixed pole block, the cylindrical rotor inner permanent magnet being axially extendable from the stator and rotating The rotor magnetic field is adjusted to a strong magnetic field and adjusted to a weak magnetic field. An electric motor or generator comprising: a stator having one of electrical characteristics; a rotatable rotor located in the stator winding, the rotor comprising: a fixed pole block made of a magnetically permeable non-magnetizable material; a plurality of fixed magnets capable of axially extending a distance from the stator; and a plurality of movable magnetic shunt blocks including magnetically non-magnetic material cooperating with the fixed magnet and the fixed pole block, the movable The magnetic shunt block can be rotated to adjust the rotor magnetic field to a strong magnetic field and to a weak magnetic field.