TWI554018B - Locomotive intelligent - Google Patents

Description

Locomotive intelligent rectifier regulator

The invention relates to a technology related to a locomotive power supply circuit, in particular to a rectification voltage regulator that uses a phase detection circuit to control the current and voltage generated by a generator to be output to a load and a battery.

The general locomotive system generates electricity by the engine synchronously driving the generator to continue to operate. The power generated by the generator can be used to charge the battery and supply other loads, thereby ensuring that the locomotive can continue to operate normally.

As shown in Figure 1, the locomotive is in the traditional circuit design, due to the generator The generated power source is AC, and the AC power is a sine wave including a positive half cycle and a negative half cycle as shown in FIG. 2A, so it is necessary to pass a full-wave rectifier 2 (for example, a bridge rectifier) to positively convert the AC waveform. The half cycle and the negative half cycle are converted into the same polarity (positive half cycle as shown in FIG. 2B) to be DC output, so that the power generated by the generator 1 can be supplied to the battery/load 3 of the locomotive.

However, the voltage output by the general locomotive generator 1 is about 0~50V. At the highest output voltage, it is much higher than the 12V voltage required by the battery/load 3 of the locomotive. Therefore, it must be in the above-mentioned full-wave rectifier 2 and battery/ A voltage detecting circuit 4 is disposed between the loads 3. When the voltage detecting circuit 4 detects that the rectified voltage is higher than the rated voltage, the voltage detecting circuit 4 outputs a signal to control the crystal to the full-wave rectifier 2 The output voltage is bypassed to avoid damage to the electronic components caused by excessive voltage.

As shown in FIG. 2C, when the voltage detecting circuit 4 outputs a signal to control the crystal to bypass the output voltage of the full-wave rectifier 2, the positive half-cycle which is rectified by the full-wave rectifier 2 is cut to Avoid output to battery / The voltage of the load 3 is too large to form a pulse wave as shown in Fig. 2D; however, the pulse wave outputted by the cut cannot activate the battery or prolong the life of the battery, and the excessive voltage bypass is grounded continuously. The surge voltage output of the back electromotive force is generated on the magnetizing coil of the generator. The surge voltage generated by the back electromotive force can be as high as 60V or more, and also causes precision electronic parts on the locomotive, for example, causing the electronic code meter assembly. Misjudgment or damage to important electronic components such as ECUs.

In view of the above-mentioned lack of prior art, the inventor has developed a smart rectifier regulator based on his years of experience in locomotive electrical equipment technology, in order to overcome many of the shortcomings of the prior art.

The object of the present invention is to provide a locomotive intelligent rectification voltage regulator, which mainly uses a phase cross detection circuit (Zero cross circuit) to cross the AC sine wave outputted by the generator to zero crossing when the output voltage is too high (Zero crossing) When the grounding is short-circuited, the generation of the surge voltage is reduced, and the surge voltage can be prevented from causing misjudgment or damage to the electronic components of the locomotive. Moreover, the battery is fully charged with a positive half cycle, and the pole group (lead plate) in the battery can be effectively depolarized to increase the service life of the battery.

In order to achieve the above object, the locomotive smart rectifier regulator of the present invention comprises: a full-wave rectifier electrically connected to the output end of the generator to rectify the alternating current into a direct current output to the battery/load, and an electrical connection to the output of the full-wave rectifier and a voltage detecting circuit between the battery/load, a set of control crystals connected to the output end of the generator, and a phase cross circuit electrically connected between the voltage detecting circuit and the control crystal; the control When the battery/load voltage value does not reach the set voltage, the crystal is turned off, so that the DC power rectified by the full-wave rectifier can be all output to the battery/load; when the voltage detecting circuit detects that the battery/load voltage value has reached the set voltage, The phase detecting circuit can trigger (GET) to control the crystal conduction when the AC sine wave of the generator output is in the Zero crossing, and short-circuit the generator output signal to make the full-wave rectifier stop rectification to avoid the output voltage. High, the positive half cycle of the DC current rectified by the full-wave rectifier can be completely input to the battery/load terminal.

According to the above feature, the present invention triggers the control crystal conduction to short-circuit the input signal to the ground when the AC sine wave outputted by the generator is zero crossing (Zero crossing) by using the phase detecting circuit, where the energy of the generator coil is the lowest. The resulting back electromotive force is also the smallest, and no surge voltage is generated. Different from the conventional rectification and stabilizing circuit, when the voltage is too large, each positive half-cycle wave rectified by the full-wave rectifier 2 is cut to easily generate a surge. In this case, it is possible to effectively prevent the glitch voltage from causing misjudgment or damage to the electronic components of the locomotive.

In addition, since the present invention uses the Zero crossing to trigger (GET) to control the crystal conduction grounding to limit the voltage too high when the present invention reaches the set voltage, instead of the conventional technology, the cutting mode is used to control the voltage, so Each DC positive half cycle after rectification by the wave rectifier can be completely input to the battery/load terminal. The current input to the battery/load terminal is much larger than the traditionally cut pulse waveform, so it can effectively go to the pole group in the battery. Polarization increases the life of the battery.

In implementation, the generator is a single-phase generator, and the output of the single-phase generator has two output lines connected to the full-wave rectifier; the control crystal is composed of two controlled rectifiers respectively electrically connected to the two output lines The (SCR), the transistor, or the field effect transistor is configured to electrically connect the phase detecting circuit to the two output lines through the two controlled rectifiers (SCR), the transistor, or the field effect transistor, and further Detect the AC sine wave at the generator output.

In implementation, the generator is a three-phase generator, and the three-phase generator output has three output lines connected to the full-wave rectifier; the control crystal is composed of three controlled rectifiers respectively electrically connected to the three output lines The (SCR), the transistor, or the field effect transistor is configured to electrically connect the phase detecting circuit to the three output lines through the three controlled rectifiers (SCR), the transistor, or the field effect transistor. In turn, the alternating current sine wave at the output of the generator is detected.

In the following, according to the technical means of the present invention, embodiments suitable for the present invention are listed, and the following description is in conjunction with the drawings:

10‧‧‧ Generator

11‧‧‧ Output

20‧‧‧Battery/load

30‧‧‧Full-wave rectifier

40‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit

50‧‧‧Control crystal

60‧‧‧ phase detection circuit

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of a conventional rectifier regulator.

Figure 2A: Schematic diagram of the sine wave of the generator output AC.

Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a positive half cycle of the output of the alternating current after rectification.

Figure 2C: Schematic diagram of a conventional circuit for grounding a positive half-cycle of an excessive voltage.

Figure 2D: Schematic diagram of a pulse wave formed by a conventional circuit after cutting a positive half cycle.

Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the intelligent rectification regulator of the locomotive of the present invention, the generator of which is a single-phase generator.

Figure 4A: Schematic diagram of the sine wave of the generator output AC.

FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a positive half cycle of the output of the alternating current after rectification.

Fig. 4C is a schematic view (1) of the positive half-cycle of the output after the invention reaches the set voltage.

Fig. 4D is a schematic view (2) of the positive half-cycle of the output after the invention reaches the set voltage.

Fig. 4E is a schematic view (3) of the positive half-cycle of the output after the invention reaches the set voltage.

Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, the generator of which is a three-phase generator.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the smart rectifier voltage regulator of the locomotive of the present invention. The rectifier voltage regulator of the present invention is disposed between the generator 10 and the battery/load 20, and includes an AC output terminal 11 and a battery disposed at the generator 10. a full-wave rectifier 30 between the load 20, a voltage detection circuit 40 electrically coupled between the full-wave rectifier 30 and the battery/load 20, a set of control crystals 50 bypassing the output 11 of the generator 10, and A phase cross circuit 60 is electrically connected between the voltage detecting circuit 40 and the control crystal 50.

In FIG. 3, the generator 10 is a single-phase generator, and the output end 11 has two output lines, and the control crystal 50 is composed of two controlled rectifiers (SCRs) respectively electrically connected to the two output lines; In the implementation, as shown in FIG. 5, the generator 10 can be a three-phase generator, and the output end 11 has three output lines, and the control crystal 50 can be three wires respectively electrically connected to the three output lines. Controlled rectifier (SCR). In addition, when implemented, the control crystal 50 may be replaced by a metal component such as a transistor or a field effect transistor capable of triggering on/off, in addition to a controlled rectifier (SCR), so that the phase detecting circuit 60 can pass the Two or three 矽-controlled rectifiers, transistors, or field-effect transistors are separately generated from the single phase of Figure 3 The two output lines of the output end 11 of the machine 10 or the three output lines of the output end 11 of the three-phase generator 10 of Fig. 5 are electrically connected, thereby detecting the alternating current sine wave of the output end 11 of the single-phase or three-phase generator 10.

Please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4A for a schematic diagram of a sine wave of a generator output alternating current (taking a single-phase generator as an example), and a schematic diagram of a positive half-cycle of the output of the alternating current after rectification of FIG. 4B. The figure shows that in the general state where the voltage does not exceed the set value, the aforementioned control crystal 50 is in a closed state, and the alternating current output from the generator 10 is a sine wave including a positive half cycle and a negative half cycle (Fig. 4A), and the sine is The wave is a continuous output, and after being rectified by the full-wave rectifier 30, a positive half-cycle DC current is formed. The DC current can be measured by the voltage detecting circuit 40 before being supplied to the battery/load 20; as described above, if the full wave When the voltage outputted by the rectifier 30 is not more than the set value, the control crystal 50 is turned off, so that the positive half-cycle of the output of the full-wave rectifier 30 is also a continuous waveform (Fig. 4B), which is completely and completely output to the battery/load 20; This complete positive half-cycle input current is much larger than the traditionally cut waveform, so it can effectively depolarize the poles in the battery and increase the battery life.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4C, if the voltage detecting circuit 40 determines that the battery/load voltage value has reached the set voltage, a signal can be fed back to the phase detecting circuit 60, since the phase detecting circuit 60 controls the crystal. 50 is electrically connected to the alternating current output terminal 11 of the generator 10, that is, the upstream input end of the full-wave rectifier 30, so that the control crystal 50 can be triggered (GET) when the alternating current sine wave output by the generator 10 is zero crossing. The alternating current sine wave is short-circuited to the ground at the zero crossing point; the voltage detecting circuit 40 stops detecting the crystal 50 when the battery/load voltage value does not reach the set voltage.

In the above alternating process of the control crystal 50 being triggered by the voltage being too high and the voltage being normally stopped, the alternating current output by the generator 10 is still a sine wave as shown in FIG. 4A, but a part of the waveform is due to the phase detecting circuit 60. The trigger (GET) control crystal 50 is grounded, so that the full-wave rectifier 30 can only continuously receive the alternating current sine wave output by the generator 10, and then the direct current rectified by the full-wave rectifier 30, the positive half-cycle is as shown in FIG. 4C. As shown, it is also outputted intermittently to the battery/load 20, thereby enabling the output voltage of the battery/load 20 to be received. Exceeding the set value, the effect of rectification and voltage regulation is achieved.

In FIG. 4C, each of the portions exhibiting a protruding waveform is a positive half-cycle of the direct current rectified by the full-wave rectifier 30, and a straight portion between the positive half-cycles is a state when the trigger control crystal 50 is grounded; 4B, the DC positive half cycle of FIG. 4C is in a continuous state, but each positive half cycle of the two is still an uncut complete waveform.

By the action of the voltage detecting circuit 40 and the phase detecting circuit 60, the present invention can be uncut after the full-wave rectifier 30 is rectified under the premise that the output voltage received by the battery/load 20 does not exceed the set value. The positive half cycle can be completely input to the battery/load 20 end. As mentioned above, for a battery, this complete positive half cycle input current is much larger than the conventional cut waveform, so it can be used for the battery group. Effective depolarization increases the life of the battery.

On the other hand, for the load (electronic component), if the phase detecting circuit 60 triggers the control crystal 50 to be turned on when the alternating current sinusoidal zero crossing (Zero crossing), the output signal of the generator 10 is short-circuited to the ground, where the generator 10 coil The lowest energy, the resulting back electromotive force is the smallest, and no surge voltage is generated. Therefore, it can effectively overcome the conventional technology. The cutting positive half-cycle method is easy to generate the surge voltage, and the surge voltage causes misjudgment or damage to the electronic components of the locomotive. The problem.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4D and FIG. 4E, the timing of the phase detecting circuit 60 for short-circuiting the alternating current sine wave outputted by the generator 10 to zero grounding may be due to the operation of the generator 10 or the battery/load. The 20 power consumption usage conditions are different, and the positive half cycle timing of the reciprocating output to the battery/load 20 is also different. For example, when the locomotive is running at a slow speed and a high speed, the engine and the generator have different rotational speeds, and the generated voltage is different. Therefore, the phase detecting circuit 60 causes the alternating current grounding time of the generator 10 to be different, so that the full wave is made. The positive half-cycles after rectification by the rectifier 30 have different intervals as shown in Figs. 4D and 4E.

In summary, the present invention utilizes the phase detecting circuit 60 to make the alternating current sine wave outputted by the generator 10 short-circuit to ground when the voltage outputted by the full-wave rectifier 30 is rectified to reach a set value, so that the full-wave rectifier 30 is provided. After receiving the alternating current sine wave, it is converted into a positive half-cycle DC output to control the voltage, not only In order to avoid the problem that the conventional technology cuts the positive half-cycle and easily generates the surge voltage to cause misjudgment or damage to the electronic components of the locomotive, since the positive half-cycles input to the battery/load 20 end are not cut, the battery is input at this time. The current is also much larger than the traditional cut waveform, which can effectively depolarize the poles in the battery and increase the battery life.

The above description of the embodiments and the drawings are intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention; the invention may be in accordance with the present invention. The purpose of creation and the scope of patent application.

10‧‧‧ Generator

11‧‧‧ Output

20‧‧‧Battery/load

30‧‧‧Full-wave rectifier

40‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit

50‧‧‧Control crystal

60‧‧‧ phase detection circuit

Claims (3)

A locomotive smart rectifier regulator comprises: a full-wave rectifier electrically connected to a generator output capable of rectifying an alternating current into a direct current output to a battery/load, and an electrical connection between the full-wave rectifier output and the battery/load a voltage detecting circuit, a set of control crystals connected to the output end of the generator, and a phase detecting circuit electrically connected between the voltage detecting circuit and the control crystal; the control crystal does not reach the set value in the battery/load voltage When the voltage is off, the positive half cycle of the DC current rectified by the full-wave rectifier is all output to the battery/load; when the voltage detection circuit detects that the battery/load voltage value has reached the set voltage, the phase detection circuit can be in the generator The output AC sine wave triggers the control of the crystal conduction when the zero crossover, short-circuits the generator output signal to ground, so that the full-wave rectifier stops rectification to avoid the output voltage is too high, so that the DC positive half-cycle can be rectified by the full-wave rectifier. Completely input to the battery/load side. The locomotive smart rectifier regulator according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a single-phase generator, and the single-phase generator output has two output lines connected to the full-wave rectifier; The control crystal is composed of two controlled rectifiers (SCRs), transistors, or field effect transistors electrically connected to the two output lines, respectively. The locomotive intelligent rectification voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a three-phase generator, and the output end of the three-phase generator has three output lines connected to the full-wave rectifier; The control crystal is composed of three voltage controlled rectifiers (SCRs), transistors, or field effect transistors electrically connected to the three output lines, respectively.