TWI549696B - 麥角硫因應用於活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之用途 - Google Patents
麥角硫因應用於活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明是有關於一種麥角硫因之用途,特別是麥角硫因應用於活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之用途。
紫外線照射為人類生活中最常接觸的氧化刺激之一,過度曝曬甚至會造成白內障、皮膚癌等嚴重的疾病,即便不同人種對紫外線的容忍度皆不同,日照量累積到極限,就會造成人體的傷害。
皮膚為人體最大的器官,為隔絕外來傷害之重要的屏障,而紫外線照射過量為環境所造成的皮膚損傷主因之一,形成紅斑或曬傷,長期暴露於紫外線下,會導致皮膚光老化生成皺紋、鬆弛甚至形成皮膚癌。紫外線非肉眼可見,但所造成的傷害卻不容忽視。故對紫外線造成的傷害預防以及治療是相當重要的。
紫外線照射會生成自由基,當所產生的自由基無法和體內的抗氧化系統維持恆定狀態時,則會產生氧化壓力。已有研究證實,抗氧化物質能夠清除體內的自由基、
減少氧化壓力並且可以預防及治療疾病。日常所接觸的紫外線分為波長為320-400nm的UVA、波長為280-320nm的UVB和波長為100-280nm的UVC,其中UVC波長較短,大部份被大氣層中的臭氧層所隔離,僅有極少量到達地面,而UVA波長較長能量較低,雖然能量較低但穿透力較UVB強,能夠深達真皮層造成急性和慢性傷害,使皮膚曬黑及降解膠原蛋白使皮膚老化形成皺紋,且UVA為皮膚癌的主因。
因此,本發明的一態樣是關於一種麥角硫因之用途,其係應用於製備活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之藥物。
根據本發明之一實施例,其中細胞包含正常細胞和損傷細胞,而上述損傷細胞係經由紫外線照射而產生之損傷,特別是波長為320至400nm之UVA。
根據本發明之另一實施例,其中活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之藥物係抑制UVA刺激所造成的細胞凋亡。
根據本發明之另一實施例,其中活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之藥物係提升如酵素型抗氧化分子為血紅素氧化酶(heme oxygenase-1;HO-1)、醌氧化还還原酶(NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1;NQO-1)和麩胺醯半胱胺酸接合酶催化次單位(Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit,GCLC)等酵素型抗氧化分子的表現,或提升如穀胱甘肽(Glutathione;GSH)非酵素型抗氧
化分子之表現。
根據本發明之又一實施例,其中活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之藥物係促使Nrf2進入細胞核。
根據本發明之再一實施例,其中活化損傷細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之該藥物之有效量為125至500nM。
藉此,本發明實施例之麥角硫因能活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑,促進Nrf2入核,以提升酵素型抗氧化分子及非酵素型抗氧化分子的表現,且能抑制經UVA刺激所造成的細胞凋亡,適用於製備活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之藥物,特別是經由紫外線照射後的損傷細胞,所製備的藥物僅需125至500nM即能達到有效劑量。
上述發明內容旨在提供本揭示內容的簡化摘要,以使閱讀者對本揭示內容具備基本的理解。此發明內容並非本揭示內容的完整概述,且其用意並非在指出本發明實施例的重要/關鍵元件或界定本發明的範圍。
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下:第1圖為麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞之細胞存活率影響。
第2圖為麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞產生活性氧物質之影響。
第3圖為麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞的乳酸去氫酶
釋放之影響。
第4圖為麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞的DNA損傷之影響。
第5圖為麥角硫因對UVA引發人類角質細胞的細胞凋亡之影響。
第6圖為麥角硫因對UVA引發人類角質細胞的細胞凋亡相關蛋白之影響。
第7圖為麥角硫因對人類角質細胞的Nrf2訊息途徑相關蛋白之影響。
第8圖為麥角硫因對UVA照射人類角質細胞的Nrf2訊息途徑相關蛋白之影響。
第9圖為麥角硫因對UVA照射人類角質細胞的細胞核及細胞質中Nrf2之蛋白表現。
第10圖為麥角硫因對UVA照射人類角質細胞胞內穀胱甘肽含量之影響。
第11圖為麥角硫因對ARE轉錄活性之影響。
第12圖為麥角硫因誘導Nrf2表現的抗氧化訊息傳遞路徑。
第13圖的(A)部分為以siNrf2抑制Nrf2基因表現觀察麥角硫因對Nrf2蛋白生成量之影響;(B)部分為以siNrf2抑制Nrf2基因表現觀察麥角硫因對細胞存活率之影響;(C)部分為以siNrf2抑制Nrf2基因表現觀察麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞之活性氧化物質生成量之影響;(D)部分為以siNrf2抑制Nrf2基因表現觀察麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞之細胞凋亡之影響。
本說明書揭露內容提出麥角硫因的新穎用途,以人類角質細胞之細胞試驗,證明麥角硫因能藉由活化Nrf2訊息途徑,提升人類角質細胞抗光氧化的能力,並進一步驗證麥角硫因能促進Nrf2入核,以提升下游抗氧化基因的表現,且麥角硫因能抑制UVA刺激所造成的細胞凋亡。
本發明前述所稱之「麥角硫因」係指Ergothioneine;2-mercaptohistidine trimethylbetain,是一種稀有的胺基酸,僅會在某些細菌及真菌中形成,人體僅能由食物來供應無法合成,主要是經由食用菇之攝取。研究顯示麥角硫因具有輻射保護捕捉單線態氧、羥自由基及脂質過氧化自由基,並具抗發炎、抗致突變及保護神經損傷作用,但於先前研究中,需使用較高濃度如0.5mM的麥角硫因方能達到其效用。
本發明前述所稱之「Nrf2(Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)」為一對氧化還原敏感(redox-sensitive)的轉錄因子,會與抗氧化酵素基因上的調控序列ARE(antioxidant response element)結合,以啟動下游抗氧化酵素的基因表現。在一般生理情況下,Nrf2會與keap-1(klech-like ECH-associated protein 1)在細胞質中結合,緊接著會被泛素化標定進而降解。Nrf2受到活化後,和keap-1所形成的複合體即會降解,使Nrf2轉位入核,與small Maf形成異二聚體,並接上ARE序列提高了啟動子轉錄活性,
進而促使下游的抗氧化基因表現。
下文提出多個試驗例來說明本發明的某些態樣,係用以有利於本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,可在不需過度解讀的情形下完整利用並實踐本發明,而不應將這些試驗例視為對本發明範圍的限制。
為確定麥角硫因對正常細胞的安全性和安全劑量,以不同劑量的麥角硫因對人類角質細胞株HaCaT進行細胞存活檢測。
人類角質細胞株HaCaT培養於含10%加熱去活化的胎牛血清(FBS)之細胞培養液(Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/high glucose),置於37℃、5% CO2培養箱中培養。
細胞存活率(cell viability)之測定係以細胞存活率分析(Method of transcriptional and translational assay;MTT assay)進行。將人類角質細胞株HaCaT以1×105cells/well密度接種於12孔盤,將細胞置於37℃、5% CO2培養至隔天細胞貼壁後,分別加入濃度為0、125、250、500、1000nM的麥角硫因,置於37℃、5% CO2再培養24小時後,以PBS清洗3次,接著照射15J/cm2 UVA之後將PBS移除,加入細胞培養液培養4小時。將細胞培養液移除後以PBS清洗3次,每個孔各加入450μL的1X MTT試劑,
於37℃、5% CO2培養箱反應2小時後,移除MTT試劑,再加入450μL異丙醇(Isopropanol),以溶解MTT-formazan使溶液呈色。取200μL混合溶液置於96孔盤中,以波長570nm吸光值測定。
請參照第1(A)圖,圖為量化圖,數據結果以mean±
SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05,#表示與照射UVA組別相比p<0.05。結果顯示,試驗濃度為以125-1000μM之麥角硫因預處理人類角質細胞株HaCaT 24小時後,以UVA劑量15J/cm2照射或未照射後,培養4小時。濃度為125-500nM的麥角硫因皆不具細胞毒性,而人類角質細胞株HaCaT細胞照射UVA後,存活率相對於控制組降至46.6%,隨著麥角硫因添加濃度增加,細胞存活率具劑量依存性的回復,在麥角硫因濃度為500nM時,細胞存活率回復到75.5%。
為探討不同劑量UVA對人類角質細胞株HaCaT之
細胞存活率影響,以麥角硫因不具細胞毒性之最高濃度500nM給予細胞24小時後,分別照射劑量為5、10、15J/cm2之UVA,以MTT試驗測定細胞存活率。
請參照第1(B)圖,圖為量化圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示同一UVA照射劑量未添加及添加麥角硫因組別之間相比p<0.05。結果顯示,未添加麥角硫因照射的UVA組別之細胞存活率,隨著UVA劑量的增加細胞存活率也隨之降低。當照射UVA劑量15J/cm2時,對細胞毒性最強(IC50=15.1),而預先添加麥角硫因500nM
之組別,細胞的存活率顯著提升。故以UVA 15J/cm2作為後續實驗之使用劑量。
照射UVA後,細胞會大量刺激活性氧物質(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成,為探討麥角硫因是否具有抑制ROS生成的能力以及本身是否會生成ROS,以2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(H2DCF-DA)產生螢光來測量ROS的產生,並以螢光顯微照相及ELISA測定之。
H2DCF-DA為脂溶性的螢光染劑,具有細胞膜通透性,與胞內的乙醯脂酶(esterases)結合形成不具螢光的2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin(DCFH),進而被H2O2氧化形成具有螢光的2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein(DCF),並聚集在粒腺體中,所發散螢光則可反映出細胞內H2O2的濃度。
將人類角質細胞株HaCaT以1×105cells/well密度接種於12孔盤,將細胞置於37℃、5% CO2培養至隔天細胞貼壁後,加入500nM的麥角硫因再培養24小時後,以PBS清洗3次,接著照射15J/cm2 UVA,照射完將PBS移除。每個孔各加入1mL濃度為10μM的H2DCF-DA,並以鋁箔紙包覆12孔盤,於培養箱中避光反應30分鐘。移除染劑,並以PBS清洗3次去除多餘染劑,於倒立式顯微鏡下拍照觀察其螢光強度。拍照後,每個孔加入500μL的0.25% Triton-100反應10分鐘,以打破細胞膜使其釋放出綠色螢光,取200μL的細胞液至96孔黑色孔盤,以螢光光譜儀測定吸光值。
請參照第2圖,(A)部分為螢光顯微鏡下ROS表現及細胞型態變化(200 X),(B)部分為定量圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,單獨添加500nM麥角硫因不造成細胞表現ROS之影響。在單獨照射15J/cm2 UVA的組別與未添加麥角硫因及未照射UVA的控制組相比,螢光表現量明顯大量增加。而細胞預先處理麥角硫因後,再照射15J/cm2 UVA刺激,其螢光表現量明顯下降,即可得知UVA刺激細胞產生的ROS可被麥角硫因所抑制。
乳酸去氫酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)在正常生理狀態下存於細胞質中,當細胞受到過量的活性氧化物質攻擊時,會使細胞膜受損或破裂,原本存於細胞內的LDH會釋放到細胞培養液。因此偵測LDH釋出量可觀察細胞膜的受損情形。
將人類角質細胞株HaCaT以1×105cells/well密度接種於12孔盤,將細胞置於37℃、5% CO2培養至隔天細胞貼壁後,分別加入濃度為0、125、250、500nM的麥角硫因,置於37℃、5% CO2再培養24小時後,以PBS清洗3次,每個孔加入1mL不含FBS之無酚紅培養液,接著照射15J/cm2 UVA之後,細胞置於培養箱培養4小時。取培養液於超高速離心機以400×g離心5分鐘,吸取50μL上清液至96孔盤中,每個孔加入50μL之受質混合液,於室溫避光反應20分鐘後,每個孔再加入50μL停止液(1N HCl)
以終止反應,於波長490nm測定吸光值。
請參照第3圖,為麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞的乳酸去氫酶釋放之影響,第3圖為量化圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05,#表示與照射UVA組別相比p<0.05。結果顯示,單獨照射15J/cm2 UVA的組別與控制組相比,LDH釋出至培養液的量有明顯的上升。而預先處理麥角硫因再照射15J/cm2 UVA的組別,LDH釋出的情形有顯著降低。因此推測細胞前處理麥角硫因,可以抑制UVA刺激造成的細胞膜損傷。
照射UVA會造成DNA的損傷,為探討麥角硫因對於UVA所造成的DNA損傷之影響,利用彗星電泳法(Comet assay)分析DNA的損傷。
彗星電泳法是將細胞懸浮於洋菜凝膠中,在鹼性環境中進行DNA裂解,於電場中進行短時間的電泳,並用螢光染料染色,電泳運行時,受損細胞其細胞核中會溢出DNA裂解片段,此片段在電場中移動速度較無受損的細胞核快,會產生拖尾,使細胞核呈現出一種彗星式圖案。
人類角質細胞株HaCaT先分別以濃度為125、250、500nM的麥角硫因處理24小時後,照射15J/cm2 UVA,之後進行彗星電泳法,並用紅色螢光染料染色,細胞若有破損會使DNA形成分解片段,使細胞核顯現出一種慧星式的圖案,而正常無DNA斷裂的細胞核在泳動時保持圓球形。
請參照第4圖和表一,為麥角硫因對UVA誘導人類角質細胞的DNA損傷之影響,第4圖為螢光顯微鏡下所拍攝之表現(200 X),表一為DNA損傷程度,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05,#表示與照射UVA組別相比p<0.05。
由螢光顯微鏡所拍攝的結果,將細胞核DNA損傷依拖尾情形分為0-4級,級數越高表DNA損傷越嚴重,並將不同組別所拍攝的結果,依據第4圖之標準進行分類,統計的結果如表一所示。結果顯示,單獨照射15J/cm2 UVA後會造成細胞核DNA斷裂而尾部有拖尾的現象,其評分分數為356.3±2.1,而預先添加麥角硫因再照射UVA,可有效減少其拖尾的程度以及數量,其評分分數可降低至59.0±7.0,顯示麥角硫因可抑制了DNA損傷情形,具有明顯的保護效果。
細胞凋亡會造成DNA斷裂產生片段,為探討麥角
硫因對於UVA所引發的細胞凋亡之影響,利用DNA斷裂端標記試驗(TUNEL assay)以及西方墨點法觀察Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bax和Bcl-2之蛋白表現,分析由UVA所引發之細胞凋亡是否可經由預先添加麥角硫因改善。
由於細胞萎縮的初期會使染色體DNA斷裂,而在DNA斷裂口(Nick)產生能被去氧核醣核苷酸末端轉移酶(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase,TdT)作用的大量3'-OH末端,因斷裂而露出的3'-OH末端可與帶有螢光的三磷酸去氧尿嘧啶(dUTP)結合,經過呈色之後,便可辨識細胞凋亡現象。
人類角質細胞株HaCaT先以濃度為500nM的麥角硫因處理24小時後,照射15J/cm2 UVA後再培養4小時,之後加入檢測細胞凋亡的TUNEL染劑,並以倒立式螢光顯微鏡觀察和拍照。請參照第5圖,(A)部分為螢光顯微鏡下所拍攝之表現(200 X),(B)部分為定量圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,單獨照射15J/cm2 UVA的組別相對於未照射UVA的控制組,所產生的螢光表現量明顯增加,而預先添加麥角硫因再照射UVA的組別,螢光表現量相較於單獨照射UVA的組別明顯降低許多。
另將人類角質細胞株HaCaT先分別以濃度為125、250、500nM的麥角硫因處理24小時後,照射15J/cm2 UVA
後再培養4小時,利用西方墨點法觀察Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bax和Bcl-2之蛋白表現。請參照第6圖,(A)部分為西方墨點法之結果,(B)部分為Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白表現定量圖,(C)部分為Bax/Bcl-2比率定量圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,單獨照射15J/cm2 UVA的組別相對於未照射UVA的控制組,Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白表現量以及Bax/Bcl-2比率明顯增加。而預先添加麥角硫因再照射UVA的組別,相較於單獨照射UVA的組別,Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白表現量以及Bax/Bcl-2比率,隨著麥角硫因濃度增加而減少。由上述結果得知,預先給予人類角質細胞株HaCaT麥角硫因,可以減少UVA刺激所造成之細胞凋亡的情況。
以西方墨點法觀察於人類角質細胞株HaCaT添加麥角硫因後,對Nrf2蛋白及其下游蛋白的影響,偵測之下游蛋白為血基質氧化酶(heme oxygenase-1;HO-1)、穀胱肽合成酶催化次單元(γ-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit;γ-GCLC)及醌氧化酶(NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1;NQO-1)。分別添加125、250、500nM麥角硫因培養人類角質細胞株HaCaT 1小時以及4小時後,收集蛋白。請參照第7圖,(A)部分為以不同濃度的麥
角硫因處理人類角質細胞株HaCaT 1小時後,取總蛋白質觀察Nrf2和Keap-1的表現量。(B)部分為以不同濃度的麥角硫因處理人類角質細胞株HaCaT 4小時後,取總蛋白質觀察HO-1、γ-GCLC和NQO-1的表現量。數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,細胞給予麥角硫因1小時後,其Nrf2蛋白表現量上升,尤其當麥角硫因濃度為500nM時,Nrf2蛋白表現量達到最高。而給予麥角硫因4小時後,受Nrf2轉錄因子所影響的下游蛋白HO-1、γ-GCLC與NQO-1也可以觀察到增加的情形。固可得知,麥角硫因係藉由Nrf2訊息途徑活化Nrf2轉錄因子。
接著探討在照射UVA的情況之下,麥角硫因對人類角質細胞株HaCaT的Nrf2及其相關蛋白表現量的情形。先分別以125、250、500nM麥角硫因培養人類角質細胞株HaCaT 24小時後,再照射15J/cm2 UVA刺激人類角質細胞株HaCaT,照射後細胞再培養1小時以及4小時後,收集蛋白,以西方墨點法觀察蛋白質表現量。請參照第8圖,(A)部分為以UVA照射完細胞培養1小時,取總蛋白質觀察Nrf2和Keap-1的表現量,(B)部分為以UVA照射完細胞培養4小時,取總蛋白質HO-1、γ-GCLC和NQO-1的表現量。數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05,#表示與照射UVA組別相比p<0.05。結果顯示,細胞照射UVA後,Nrf2蛋白表現量有略微提高,給予麥角硫因後表現量提升更高,其下游抗氧化基因HO-1、
GCLC與NQO-1也隨之提升。
於試驗例2-1已知麥角硫因能活化Nrf2的表現,本試驗例接著進一步探討麥角硫因對於Nrf2入核表現的影響。預先添加麥角硫因培養人類角質細胞株HaCaT細胞24小時後,照射15J/cm2 UVA之後培養1小時,以西方墨點法觀察細胞核Nrf2蛋白及細胞質Nrf2蛋白表現量,以及以免疫螢光染色檢測人類角質細胞株HaCaT之Nrf2表現情形。
請參照第9圖,(A)部分為西方墨點法之結果,(B)部分為螢光顯微鏡下所拍攝之表現(200 X),數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,單獨添加麥角硫因與控制組相比,其在細胞核中Nrf2的蛋白量略有上升。而比較控制組與單獨照射UVA組,單獨照射UVA亦會使細胞核中Nrf2增加。而預先添加麥角硫因再照射UVA刺激後之細胞,細胞核中Nrf2蛋白表現量明顯增加,且較單獨添加麥角硫因以及單獨照射UVA之組別表現量增加更多,同時細胞質中的Nrf2表現量相對於控制組也明顯降低,給予人類角質細胞株HaCaT細胞麥角硫因可以促使Nrf2從細胞質進入細胞核內,因此而活化Nrf2-Keap1訊息途徑。而免疫螢光染色,以DAPI染劑顯示細胞核位置,綠色螢光標定Nrf2表現量以及位置。結果顯示單獨添加麥角硫因其Nrf2螢光表現量有略微增
加,同時已有少量Nrf2進入細胞核,照射UVA後,Nrf2也有少量入核,而當細胞預處理麥角硫因之後再照射UVA,由螢光照相圖可以得知有大量Nrf2進入細胞核內。
上述結果顯示麥角硫因可以少量增加細胞中的Nrf2。當受到外界壓力刺激之下,細胞本身保護機制會產生少量Nrf2進入核內,而添加細胞給予麥角硫因後受到刺激,則會促使大量的Nrf2由細胞質中轉移至細胞核內。
穀胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)為動物細胞內的抗氧化劑,可以保護DNA使其不受外界壓力進行氧化,於前述試驗結果,已知給予人類角質細胞株HaCaT麥角硫因後確實減少了DNA的損傷,本試驗例進一步探討細胞受到UVA刺激以及給予麥角硫因對GSH含量的影響,來評估UVA所造成的氧化損傷。
穀胱甘肽氧化型(GSSG)為GSH的氧化形式,GSSG被穀胱甘肽還原酶(GSH Reductase)還原成GSH,而GSH和5,5’-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(DTNB)反應會產生黃色的5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid(TNB)和GSTNB,兩個反應合併起來GSSG+GSH為顏色產生的限速因素,故GSSG+GSH的量和黃色產物TNB形成量呈正相關。因此透過吸光值測定即可以得出總穀胱甘肽(GSSG+GSH)的量。
將人類角質細胞株HaCaT種於10公分培養盤,每盤細胞密度為1×106cells/dish,將細胞置於37℃、5% CO2培養至隔天細胞貼壁後,加入濃度為125、250、500nM的
麥角硫因,培養24小時後,以PBS清洗3次,接著照射15J/cm2 UVA後將PBS移除,加入細胞培養液再培養4小時。收集細胞於1.5mL微量離心管,以1mL MES緩衝液將細胞打散並用超音波震盪器打破細胞,以超高速離心機以10,000×g於4℃離心15分鐘並收集上清液,分別於96孔盤中加入50mL/well的標準液和樣品上清液,並於每個孔加入150μL Assay Cocktail,於避光環境反應25分鐘,於波長405nm下測定吸光值並計算樣品中總GSH的含量。其中Assay Cocktail依下述比例預先配製好:8.156mL MES緩衝液、0.326mL cofactor mixture、1.522mL enzyme mixture、1.667mL去離子水和0.326mL DTNB混合均勻,液體總體積共12mL。
請參照第10圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05,#表示與照射UVA組別相比p<0.05。結果顯示,照射UVA 15J/cm2後相對於控制組,GSH的總含量有明顯減少,而隨著麥角硫因濃度的增加,GSH的總含量也隨之提高,證實麥角硫因具有保護細胞的作用,可以維持細胞內GSH的總含量,減少了氧化損傷。
Nrf2進入細胞核後會和small Maf結合,並和ARE序列相接,提高啟動子的轉錄活性,活化了Nrf2-Keap1訊息途徑抗氧化防禦系統。於前述試驗例確定給予人類角質細胞株HaCaT麥角硫因後,確實會促進Nrf2進入細胞核
內,因此以冷光酵素報導基因分析(luciferase gene reporter assay)進一步探討ARE序列是否會被啟動。係將帶有ARE基因和luciferase作為報導基因的質體轉染送進人類角質細胞株HaCaT,並以β-galactosidase做為內標準,再利用Dual Light Kit(Applied Biosystems)測其冷光表現。
請參照第11圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,
n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,給予人類角質細胞株HaCaT麥角硫因4小時後,其轉錄入細胞內的ARE冷光活性(luciferase activity)表現量相對於控制組有明顯提升,證實給予麥角硫因後確實使ARE啟動子的轉錄活性提高。
根據前述試驗結果,已證明麥角硫因可以活化Nrf2使其下游抗氧化基因表現。接著進一步探討麥角硫因活化Nrf2的路徑,而已有研究證實,活化蛋白質激酶MAPK、PI3K和PKC路徑可以使Nrf2磷酸化,使Nrf2與Keap1分離而轉入細胞核內活化。
人類角質細胞株HaCaT分別預先處理蛋白激酶抑制劑(p38抑制劑:SB203580 20μM、ERK抑制劑:PD98059 20μM、JNK抑制劑:SP600125 20μM、PI3K抑制劑:LY294002 20μM、PKC抑制劑:GF109203X 2.5μm、ROS抑制劑:NAC 1mM)30分鐘後,添加500nM的麥角硫因1小時後,收取質核蛋白,觀察Nrf2的入核表現。請參照第12圖,數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與
控制組相比p<0.05,結果顯示,PI3K抑制劑(LY294002)與PKC抑制劑(GF109203X)明顯抑制了Nrf2的入核表現。
Nrf2為重要的轉錄因子,下游抗氧化酵素是經由Nrf2轉錄基因所調控。為了證實麥角硫因對人類角質細胞株HaCaT的保護機制確實為透過Nrf2,本試驗例運用RNA干擾技術,使Nrf2基因沉默,並觀察給予麥角硫因後下游抗氧化基因的表現,以及麥角硫因的保護能力是否會受到影響。
RNA干擾技術實驗步驟為,將人類角質細胞株HaCaT以4×105cells/well密度接種於6孔盤,將細胞置於37℃、5% CO2培養至隔天細胞貼壁後,移除原有細胞培養液後,每個孔再加入1mL不含抗生素和FBS的細胞培養液。利用Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen,U.S.A.)將siNrf2和控制組siRNA分別轉染入人類角質細胞株HaCaT中,轉染反應時間為4-6小時。轉染反應後以含10% FBS的細胞培養液清洗2-3次,更換成含10% FBS的細胞培養液再培養細胞12-16小時。
人類角質細胞株HaCaT處理siRNA後,添加500nM麥角硫因培養細胞24小時,於培養後1小時收取總蛋白質,以西方墨點法觀察Nrf2蛋白之表現量,以及培養後4小時收取總蛋白質,以西方墨點法觀察HO-1、γ-GCLC和NQO-1蛋白之表現量。請參照第13圖(A),結果顯示,
給予人類角質細胞株HaCaT麥角硫因後,siNrf2與控制組siRNA組別的Nrf2的表現量相比,有明顯的降低,證實了人類角質細胞株HaCaT細胞內的Nrf2基因確實已被沉默,接著進一步探討Nrf2下游的抗氧化基因,HO-1、NQO-1以及γ-GCLC也隨著Nrf2不表現而沒有增加其蛋白表現量,即HO-1、NQO-1以及γ-GCLC抗氧化基因已不被活化。
進一步探討麥角硫因是否為藉由Nrf2而具有對抗光氧化的能力。人類角質細胞株HaCaT處理siRNA後,添加500nM麥角硫因培養細胞24小時,照射或未照射15J/cm2 UVA,再培養4小時後,以MTT測定細胞存活率,觀察麥角硫因在Nrf2基因沉默後是否仍具有保護作用。請參照第13圖(B),數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,以控制組siRNA處理過的細胞,添加麥角硫因後仍可保護UVA所造成之細胞存活率降低。而在siNrf2組別的部份,給予麥角硫因後其照射15J/cm2 UVA所造成的細胞存活率降低則無法回復。
接著測定人類角質細胞株HaCaT給予麥角硫因後照射15J/cm2 UVA,其ROS的表現量。人類角質細胞株HaCaT處理siRNA後,添加500nM麥角硫因培養細胞24小時,照射或未照射15J/cm2 UVA,培養4小時後,再測定細胞內ROS生成量。請參照的13圖(C),數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,於控制組siRNA的組別,給予麥角硫因後再照射UVA,其ROS表現量相對於未添加麥角硫因而單獨照射UVA的組
別有明顯降低,而siNrf2的組別,ROS螢光表現量卻並未降低,證實麥角硫因對於UVA刺激人類角質細胞株HaCaT誘導的ROS表現量降低之能力為透過Nrf2訊息途徑所調控。
最後再以DNA斷裂端標記試驗測定麥角硫因對
UVA誘導人類角質細胞株HaCaT產生細胞凋亡現象的保護能力。請參照第13圖(D),數據結果以mean±SD值表示,n=3,*表示與控制組相比p<0.05。結果顯示,於控制組siRNA的組別,給予麥角硫因後再照射UVA,因UVA所造成的細胞凋亡相對單獨照射UVA的組別有明顯降低,而siNrf2的組別,因UVA所造成的細胞凋亡未因添加麥角硫因而有所改善,證實麥角硫因對於抑制UVA刺激所造成的細胞凋亡之能力,為透過Nrf2訊息途徑所調控。
根據上述,本發明實施例之麥角硫因能活化人類角
質細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑,並促進Nrf2入核,提升下游酵素型抗氧化分子及非酵素型抗氧化分子的表現,以提升人類角質細胞抗光氧化能力。故適用於製備活化細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之藥物,以及製備抑制UVA刺激所造成的細胞凋亡、提升酵素型抗氧化分子表現、非酵素型抗氧化分子表現和促進Nrf2入核之藥物,所製備的藥物僅需125至500nM即能達到有效劑量。
然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限
定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作各種的更動與潤飾,因此本發明的保護範
圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
Claims (11)
- 一種麥角硫因之用途,其係應用於製備活化一細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之一藥物。
- 如請求項1所述麥角硫因之用途,其中該細胞包含一正常細胞和一損傷細胞。
- 如請求項2所述麥角硫因之用途,其中該損傷細胞係經由一紫外線照射而產生之損傷。
- 如請求項3所述麥角硫因之用途,其中該紫外線為波長為320至400nm之UVA。
- 如請求項1所述麥角硫因之用途,其中活化該細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之該藥物係抑制UVA刺激所造成的細胞凋亡。
- 如請求項1所述麥角硫因之用途,其中活化該細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之該藥物係提升一酵素型抗氧化分子的表現。
- 如請求項6所述麥角硫因之用途,其中該酵素型抗氧化分子為血紅素氧化酶(heme oxygenase-1;HO-1)、醌氧化还還原酶(NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1;NQO-1)或麩胺醯半胱胺酸接合酶催化次單位(Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit,GCLC)。
- 如請求項1所述麥角硫因之用途,其中活化該細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之該藥物係提升一非酵素型抗氧化分子之表現。
- 如請求項8所述麥角硫因之用途,其中該非酵素型抗氧化分子為穀胱甘肽(Glutathione;GSH)。
- 如請求項1所述麥角硫因之用途,其中活化該細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之該藥物係促使Nrf2進入細胞核。
- 如請求項1所述麥角硫因之用途,其中活化該細胞之Nrf2訊息途徑之該藥物之有效量為125nM至500nM。
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CN201510097792.3A CN105982890A (zh) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-03-05 | 麦角硫因应用于活化细胞的Nrf2信号通路的用途 |
EP15183975.0A EP2992882A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-09-04 | Use of ergothioneine for inducing activity of nrf2 in cell |
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CA3122246A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-11 | Celagenex Research (India) Pvt. Ltd. | Synergistic compositions of bioactive agents for optimizing cellular health |
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US11554184B2 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2023-01-17 | Vyripharm Enterprises, Inc. | Synthetic cannabinoid combination therapy compositions and methods for personalized and targeted therapies including the treatment of infectious diseases |
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