TWI541869B - 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 - Google Patents
形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI541869B TWI541869B TW104101934A TW104101934A TWI541869B TW I541869 B TWI541869 B TW I541869B TW 104101934 A TW104101934 A TW 104101934A TW 104101934 A TW104101934 A TW 104101934A TW I541869 B TWI541869 B TW I541869B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- diffusion layer
- type diffusion
- forming
- composition
- glass powder
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 221
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 37
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940022663 acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPBZZPOGZPKYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxypropane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC VPBZZPOGZPKYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOWSVNMPHMJCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCCCC UOWSVNMPHMJCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZIKLJUUTSQYGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC ZIKLJUUTSQYGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 2
- NUPSHWCALHZGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(C)=O NUPSHWCALHZGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAOGXQMKWQFZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCC(C)C XAOGXQMKWQFZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N (+)-β-pinene Chemical compound C1[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-Nopinene Natural products C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQVMHMFBVWSSPF-SOYUKNQTSA-N (4E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-triene Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(C)C GQVMHMFBVWSSPF-SOYUKNQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEEANUDEDHYDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCC(C)OC LEEANUDEDHYDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVMMVWNXKOSPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dipropoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OCCC PVMMVWNXKOSPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAVARTIQQDZFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OC(C)=O LAVARTIQQDZFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCCC GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMGJMGFZLXYHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxypropoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCCCC QMGJMGFZLXYHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COCC(C)O QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGFHOWTVGAYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy]propane Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCOCCC BOGFHOWTVGAYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTSVVTQTKRGWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCC KTSVVTQTKRGWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHRSSDYDJRJIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCCCC OHRSSDYDJRJIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQGIBEAIDUOVOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCC MQGIBEAIDUOVOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNXZHVUCNYMNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCN1CCCC1=O BNXZHVUCNYMNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXFITNNCZLPZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OC JXFITNNCZLPZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORRRIJVZQZKAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC ORRRIJVZQZKAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFXVPXODAPMPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC SFXVPXODAPMPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXAFMVDJGZBDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-[2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC FXAFMVDJGZBDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAWUFGWWCWMUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CCCC1=O BAWUFGWWCWMUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RERATEUBWLKDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC RERATEUBWLKDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSYHLFNMZTEKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propane Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC ROSYHLFNMZTEKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOERQAIRIDZWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxy-2-(2-propoxypropoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCCC JOERQAIRIDZWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMFAHCVITRDZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OC(C)=O DMFAHCVITRDZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCALJVULAGICIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCN1CCCC1=O DCALJVULAGICIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWCLBAGIVYIMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethylfluoren-1-one Chemical compound CC=1C(=C(C(C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=12)=O)C)C AWCLBAGIVYIMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWBIJARKDOFDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane Chemical compound CC1COC(C)CO1 AWBIJARKDOFDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQVUWHSUOGDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCC(C)OCCOCCO KKQVUWHSUOGDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTVLEKBQSDTQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COC(C)CO MTVLEKBQSDTQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHGDAJBKEFQCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-heptan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)OCCOCCO GHGDAJBKEFQCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCGHAVKVTFDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-heptan-2-yloxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC)OC(C)COC(C)CO CCGHAVKVTFDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCOCCO GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIIFPAUBZGVKCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-pentan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)OCCOCCO FIIFPAUBZGVKCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQLKZWRSOHTERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(CC)COC(C)=O HQLKZWRSOHTERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-{[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phosphanyloxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-4-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl phosphinite Chemical class OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(OP)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(P)C2O)O)O1 FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUPSGOIGWUBJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)OCCOCCOCCO KUPSGOIGWUBJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNPUIIGTWSZCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO NNPUIIGTWSZCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYIVTHITSLAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-pentan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)OCCOCCOCCO AYIVTHITSLAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIXPMXHWOUQTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-pentan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO YIXPMXHWOUQTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXVMODFDROLTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO MXVMODFDROLTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKAIVSMFSUHTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)OCCOCCOCCOCCO LKAIVSMFSUHTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHHZIUZGAHMEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO SHHZIUZGAHMEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSDVPOIMGHIBHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-pentan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO HSDVPOIMGHIBHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYVKCQBOHJQWIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl propanoate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(=O)CC BYVKCQBOHJQWIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-butanol Chemical compound CCC(CC)CO TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOYWLLHHWAMFCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(C)=O WOYWLLHHWAMFCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAHNPAMCADTGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCOC VAHNPAMCADTGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)CO PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)=O ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRNMXSACOXQQRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-ene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C(=C)S(O)(=O)=O PRNMXSACOXQQRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSGVZVOGOQILFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-1-butanol Chemical compound COC(C)CCO JSGVZVOGOQILFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)CCOC(C)=O QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)CC1 VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPIVYSAVIPTCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)OC(C)=O CPIVYSAVIPTCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWRSABPHNREIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyldecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCCCO MWRSABPHNREIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBIMSDMCCULNNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)O.C(C)OC(COCCOCCO)O Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O.C(C)OC(COCCOCCO)O OBIMSDMCCULNNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIURCIMZEPBPPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)CO Chemical compound CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)CO CIURCIMZEPBPPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010676 Ocimum basilicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007926 Ocimum gratissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000365 Oenanthe javanica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006243 Oenanthe sarmentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid dibutyl ester Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCCC JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVHMSMOUDQXMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N PPG n4 Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO QVHMSMOUDQXMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudopinene Natural products C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002305 Schizophyllan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Fenchene Natural products C1CC2C(=C)CC1C2(C)C XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940007550 benzyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl propionate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GQVMHMFBVWSSPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-alloocimene Natural products CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C GQVMHMFBVWSSPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-carene Natural products C1CC(=C)CC2C(C)(C)C21 LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical group [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMXBRVLCKXGWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-cyclohexylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC1CCCCC1 IMXBRVLCKXGWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RXTNIJMLAQNTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylamyl acetate Natural products CCCCC(C)OC(C)=O RXTNIJMLAQNTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003823 mortar mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017144 n-butyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GXOHBWLPQHTYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O GXOHBWLPQHTYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CC(C)=O YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-ocimene Natural products CC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/066—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
- C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
- C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/14—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron
- C03C3/142—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/14—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron
- C03C3/145—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron containing aluminium or beryllium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/14—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron
- C03C3/15—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron containing rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/08—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/2225—Diffusion sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
- H01L21/2251—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/2254—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides
- H01L21/2255—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides the applied layer comprising oxides only, e.g. P2O5, PSG, H3BO3, doped oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L31/0288—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table characterised by the doping material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
本發明是有關於一種太陽電池元件的形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法,更詳細而言,本發明是有關於一種可減少作為半導體基板的矽基板的內應力、抑制結晶粒界(crystal grain boundary)的損壞、抑制結晶缺陷的增長及抑制翹曲的p型擴散層形成技術。
對先前的矽太陽電池元件的製造步驟進行說明。
首先,為了促進光學侷限效應(confinement effect)來謀求高效率化,準備形成有紋理(texture)構造的p型矽基板,繼而於氧氯化磷(POCl3)、氮氣、氧氣的混合氣體環境下以800℃~900℃進行幾十分鐘的處理,從而同樣地形成n型擴散層。於該先前的方法中,因使用混合氣體進行磷的擴散,故不僅於表面形成n型擴散層,而且於側面、背面亦形成n型擴散層。由於這些原因,需要側蝕刻(side etching)來進行用於去移除側面的n型擴散層。
另外,需將背面的n型擴散層轉換成p+型擴散層,因此於背面印刷鋁膏,然後對其進行煅燒(燒結),以使n型擴散層變成p+型層的同時並獲得歐姆接觸。
但是,由鋁膏所形成的鋁層的導電率低,為了降低薄片電阻(sheet resistance),通常形成於整個背面的鋁層於煅燒後必需具有10μm~20μm左右的厚度。進而,若形成此種較厚的鋁層,則由於矽的熱膨脹係數與鋁的熱膨脹係數相差較大,因此這種差別導致於煅燒及冷卻的過程中在矽基板中產生較大的內應力,而構成結晶粒界的損壞、結晶缺陷的增長及翹曲的原因。
為了解決該問題,存在減少膏組成物的塗佈量,使背面電極層變薄的方法。但是,若減少膏組成物的塗佈量,則自p型矽半導體基板的表面擴散至內部的鋁的量變得不充分。其結果,無法達成所期望的背面電場(Back Surface Field,BSF)效果(生成載子(carrier)的收集效率(collection efficiency)因p+型層的存在而提高的效果),因此產生太陽電池的特性下降的問題。
因此,例如於日本專利特開2003-223813號公報中提出有一種膏組成物,其包含鋁粉末,有機媒劑(organic vehicle),以及熱膨脹係數小於鋁且熔融溫度、軟化溫度及分解溫度中的任一者高於鋁的熔點的無機化合物粉末。
但是,當使用日本專利特開2003-223813號公報中所記載的膏組成物時,亦存在無法充分地抑制翹曲的情況。
本發明是鑒於以上的先前的問題點而完成的發明,其課題在於提供一種於使用矽基板的太陽電池元件的製造步驟中,可抑制矽基板中的內應力、基板翹曲的產生,並形成p型擴散層之形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法。
解決上述課題的方法如下。
<1>一種形成p型擴散層的組成物,其包括含有受體元素且軟化溫度為300℃~950℃的玻璃粉末、及分散介質。
<2>如上述<1>所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物,其中上述受體元素是選自B(硼)、Al(鋁)及Ga(鎵)中的至少一種。
<3>如上述<1>或<2>所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物,其中含有上述受體元素的玻璃粉末包括:選自B2O3、Al2O3及Ga2O3中的至少一種含有受體元素的物質,以及選自SiO2、K2O、Na2O、Li2O、BaO、SrO、CaO、MgO、BeO、ZnO、PbO、CdO、SnO、ZrO2、CeO2及MoO3中的至少一種玻璃成分物質。
<4>如上述<1>~<3>中任一項所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物,其中進而上述玻璃粉末的結晶化溫度為1050℃以上。
<5>一種p型擴散層的製造方法,其包括:塗佈如上述<1>~<4>中任一項所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物的步
驟、以及實施熱擴散處理的步驟。
<6>一種太陽電池元件的製造方法,其包括:於半導體基板上塗佈如上述<1>~<4>中任一項所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物的步驟、實施熱擴散處理來形成p型擴散層的步驟、以及於所形成的上述p型擴散層上形成電極的步驟。
根據本發明,可提供一種於使用矽基板的太陽電池元件的製造步驟中,可抑制矽基板中的內應力、基板翹曲的產生,並形成p型擴散層之形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法。
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下。
首先,對本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物進行說明,其次對使用了形成p型擴散層的組成物的p型擴散層及太陽電池元件的製造方法進行說明。
再者,於本說明書中,「步驟(process)」這一用語不僅是指獨立的步驟,亦包含在無法與其他步驟明確地加以區分的情
況下,若該步驟能達成所預期的作用,則亦包含於本用語中。另外,於本說明書中,「~」表示分別包括其前後所記載的數值作為最小值及最大值的範圍。進而,於本說明書中,當論及組成物中的各成分的量時,在組成物中存在多個相當於各成分的物質的情況下,只要事先無特別說明,則表示組成物中所存在的該多個物質的合計量。
本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物包括至少含有受體元素且軟化溫度為300℃~950℃的玻璃粉末(以下,有時僅稱為「玻璃粉末」)、以及分散介質,進而考慮塗佈性等,亦可視需要含有其他添加劑。
此處,所謂形成p型擴散層的組成物,是指含有受體元素,且可藉由例如塗佈於矽基板上後進行熱擴散處理(煅燒)而使該受體元素熱擴散來形成p型擴散層的材料。藉由使用本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物,可分離p+型擴散層的形成步驟與歐姆接觸的形成步驟,從而拓展了對用於形成歐姆接觸的電極材料的選擇項,並且還拓展了對電極構造的選擇項。例如將銀等低電阻材料用於電極時,能夠以較薄的膜厚達成低電阻。另外,電極亦無需形成於整個面上,亦可如梳型等形狀般部分地形成梳型電極。藉由如以上般使電極變成薄膜或梳型形狀等部分形狀,可一面抑制矽基板中的內應力、基板翹曲的產生,一面形成p型擴散層。
因此,若應用本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物,則抑
制先前廣泛採用的方法中所產生於基板中的內應力及基板的翹曲的產生,前述之先前廣泛採用的方法為:印刷鋁膏,然後對其進行煅燒,以使n型擴散層變成p+型擴散層的同時並獲得歐姆接觸的方法。
進而,玻璃粉末中的受體成分於煅燒中亦難以揮發(sublimation),因此抑制p型擴散層因揮發氣體的產生而形成至所期望的區域以外的情況。
對本發明的含有受體元素的玻璃粉末進行詳細說明。
所謂受體元素,是指藉由摻雜於矽基板中而可形成p型擴散層的元素。受體元素可使用第13族的元素,例如可列舉:B(硼)、Al(鋁)及Ga(鎵)等。
作為用於將受體元素導入至玻璃粉末中的含有受體元素的物質,可列舉B2O3、Al2O3、及Ga2O3,較佳為使用選自B2O3、Al2O3及Ga2O3中的至少一種。
另外,含有受體元素的玻璃粉末可視需要調整成分比率,藉此控制熔融溫度、軟化溫度、玻璃轉移溫度、化學耐久性等。較佳為進而包含以下所述的玻璃成分物質。
作為玻璃成分物質,可列舉:SiO2、K2O、Na2O、Li2O、BaO、SrO、CaO、MgO、BeO、ZnO、PbO、CdO、SnO、ZrO2、MoO3、La2O3、CeO2、Nb2O5、Ta2O5、Y2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、GeO2、TeO2及Lu2O3等,較佳為使用選自SiO2、K2O、Na2O、Li2O、BaO、SrO、CaO、MgO、BeO、ZnO、PbO、CdO、SnO、ZrO2、CeO2
及MoO3中的至少一種。
作為含有受體元素的玻璃粉末的具體例,可列舉包括上述含有受體元素的物質與上述玻璃成分物質兩者的體系,可列舉:B2O3-SiO2體系(以含有受體元素的物質-玻璃成分物質的順序記載,以下相同)、B2O3-ZnO體系、B2O3-PbO體系、B2O3-CeO2體系、B2O3單獨體系等包含B2O3作為含有受體元素的物質的體系,Al2O3-SiO2體系等包含Al2O3作為含有受體元素的物質的體系,Ga2O3-SiO2體系等包含Ga2O3作為含有受體元素的物質的體系等的玻璃粉末。
另外,亦可為如Al2O3-B2O3體系、Ga2O3-B2O3體系等般,包含兩種以上的含有受體元素的物質的玻璃粉末。
於上述中例示了包含一種成分的玻璃或包含兩種成分的複合玻璃,但亦可為如B2O3-SiO2-Na2O體系、B2O3-SiO2-CeO2體系等般,包含三種成分以上的物質的玻璃粉末。
玻璃粉末中的玻璃成分物質的含有比率較理想的是考慮熔融溫度、軟化溫度、玻璃轉移溫度、結晶化溫度、化學耐久性而適宜設定,一般而言,較佳為0.1質量%以上至95質量%以下,更佳為0.5質量%以上至90質量%以下。
具體而言,當為B2O3-CeO2體系玻璃時,CeO2的含有比率較佳為1質量%以上至50質量%以下,更佳為3質量%以上至40質量%以下。藉由為該含有比率,可更均勻地形成p型擴散層。
另外,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度就於後述的熱擴散處理時使
受體元素更有效地擴散至矽基板中,獲得均勻的p型擴散層的觀點而言較重要。於本發明中,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為300℃~950℃,較佳為350℃~900℃,更佳為370℃~850℃,進而更佳為400℃~800℃。
當玻璃粉末的軟化溫度未滿300℃時,高溫下的熱擴散處理時玻璃成分容易結晶化,於熱擴散處理後的玻璃成分的蝕刻去除步驟中,存在其蝕刻去除性下降的傾向,另外,存在著受體元素因熔點下降而容易揮發,熱擴散處理時容易於不需要的部分形成p型擴散層的傾向。另外,當玻璃粉末的軟化溫度超過950℃時,存在如下的傾向:熱擴散處理時玻璃難以軟化,玻璃粉末維持粒狀的形狀,因此於微觀下玻璃成分在矽基板上未被均勻地覆蓋,受體元素進行擴散,結果p型擴散層的形成性變得不均勻,且存在薄片電阻值上升的情況。
再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度可藉由公知的示差熱分析裝置(Differential Thermal Analyzer,DTA),根據其吸熱波峰而容易地測定。
另外,於本發明中,玻璃粉末的結晶化溫度較佳為1050℃以上,更佳為1100℃以上,進而更佳為1200℃以上。藉由結晶化溫度為1050℃以上,熱擴散處理時的玻璃成分的結晶化得到抑制。藉此,在熱擴散處理後的玻璃成分蝕刻去除步驟中抑制結晶化物的殘存,提高玻璃成分的蝕刻去除性。
再者,玻璃粉末的結晶化溫度可藉由公知的示差熱分析
裝置(DTA),根據其發熱波峰而容易地測定。
作為玻璃粉末的形狀,可列舉:大致球狀、扁平狀、塊狀、板狀、及鱗片狀等,就製成形成p型擴散層的組成物時的對於基板的塗佈性或均勻擴散性的觀點而言,較理想的是大致球狀、扁平狀、或板狀。玻璃粉末的粒徑並無特別限制,較理想的是100μm以下。當使用具有100μm以下的粒徑的玻璃粉末時,易於獲得更平滑的塗膜。進而,玻璃粉末的粒徑更理想的是50μm以下。進而,玻璃粉末的粒徑更理想的是10μm以下。再者,下限並無特別限制,但較佳為0.01μm以上。
此處,玻璃的粒徑表示平均粒徑,可藉由雷射散射繞射法(laser scattering diffraction method)粒度分布(particle size distribution)測定裝置等來測定。
含有受體元素的玻璃粉末是藉由以下的程序來製作。
首先,稱量原料並將其填充至坩堝中。坩堝的材質可列舉鉑、鉑-銠、銥、氧化鋁、石英、碳等,可考慮熔融溫度、環境、與熔融物質的反應性等而適宜選擇。
其次,藉由電爐以對應於玻璃組成的溫度進行加熱而製成熔液。此時,較理想的是以使熔液變得均勻的方式進行攪拌。
繼而,使所獲得的熔液流出至石墨板、鉑板、鉑-銠合金板、氧化鋯板等上而將熔液玻璃化。
最後,粉碎玻璃而形成粉末狀。粉碎可應用噴射磨機、珠磨機、球磨機等公知的方法。
形成p型擴散層的組成物中的含有受體元素的玻璃粉末的含有比率是考慮塗佈性、受體元素的擴散性等而決定。一般而言,形成p型擴散層的組成物中的玻璃粉末的含有比率較佳為0.1質量%以上至95質量%以下,更佳為1質量%以上至90質量%以下,進而更佳為1.5質量%以上至85質量%以下,特佳為2質量%以上至80質量%以下。
其次,對分散介質進行說明。
所謂分散介質,是指於組成物中使上述玻璃粉末分散的介質。具體而言,採用黏合劑或溶劑等作為分散介質。
作為黏合劑,例如可適宜選擇:聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯醯胺類、聚乙烯醯胺類、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚環氧乙烷(polyethylene oxide)類、聚磺酸、丙烯醯胺烷基磺酸、纖維素醚類、纖維素衍生物、羧甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、乙基纖維素、明膠、澱粉及澱粉衍生物、海藻酸鈉(sodium alginate)類、三仙膠(xanthan)、瓜爾膠(guar)及瓜爾膠衍生物、硬葡聚糖、黃蓍膠(tragacanth)或糊精衍生物、(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂(例如(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯樹脂等)、丁二烯樹脂、苯乙烯樹脂及該些的共聚物、矽氧烷樹脂等。該些可單獨使用一種、或者組合兩種以上來使用。
黏合劑的分子量並無特別限制,較理想的是鑒於作為組成物的所期望的黏度而適宜調整。
作為溶劑,例如可列舉:丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基-正
丙基酮、甲基-異丙基酮、甲基-正丁基酮、甲基-異丁基酮、甲基-正戊基酮、甲基-正己基酮、二乙基酮、二丙基酮、二-異丁基酮、三甲基壬酮、環己酮、環戊酮、甲基環己酮、2,4-戊二酮、丙酮基丙酮等酮系溶劑;二乙醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基-正丙醚、二-異丙醚、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、二噁烷、二甲基二噁烷、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二-正丙醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇甲基乙基醚、二乙二醇甲基-正丙醚、二乙二醇甲基-正丁醚、二乙二醇二-正丙醚、二乙二醇二-正丁醚、二乙二醇甲基-正己醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二乙醚、三乙二醇甲基乙基醚、三乙二醇甲基-正丁醚、三乙二醇二-正丁醚、三乙二醇甲基-正己醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二乙醚、四-二乙二醇甲基乙基醚、四乙二醇甲基-正丁醚、二乙二醇二-正丁醚、四乙二醇甲基-正己醚、四乙二醇二-正丁醚、丙二醇二甲醚、丙二醇二乙醚、丙二醇二-正丙醚、丙二醇二丁醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、二丙二醇二乙醚、二丙二醇甲基乙基醚、二丙二醇甲基-正丁醚、二丙二醇二-正丙醚、二丙二醇二-正丁醚、二丙二醇甲基-正己醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、三丙二醇二乙醚、三丙二醇甲基乙基醚、三丙二醇甲基-正丁醚、三丙二醇二-正丁醚、三丙二醇甲基-正己醚、四丙二醇二甲醚、四丙二醇二乙醚、四-二丙二醇甲基乙基醚、四丙二醇甲基-正丁醚、二丙二醇二-正丁醚、四丙二醇甲基-正己醚、四丙二醇二-正丁醚等醚系溶劑;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸第二
丁酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸第二戊酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸甲基戊酯、乙酸2-乙基丁酯、乙酸2-乙基己酯、乙酸2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸環己酯、乙酸甲基環己酯、乙酸壬酯、乙醯乙酸甲酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯、乙酸二乙二醇甲醚、乙酸二乙二醇單乙醚、乙酸二乙二醇-正丁醚、乙酸二丙二醇甲醚、乙酸二丙二醇乙醚、乙二醇二乙酸酯、乙氧基三甘醇乙酸酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸正丁酯、丙酸異戊酯、草酸二乙酯、草酸二-正丁酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸正丁酯、乳酸正戊酯、乙二醇甲醚丙酸酯、乙二醇乙醚丙酸酯、乙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇-正丁醚乙酸酯、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇丙基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯等酯系溶劑;乙腈、N-甲基吡咯酮、N-乙基吡咯酮、N-丙基吡咯酮、N-丁基吡咯酮、N-己基吡咯酮、N-環己基吡咯酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸等非質子性極性溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、正戊醇、異戊醇、2-甲基丁醇、第二戊醇、第三戊醇、3-甲氧基丁醇、正己醇、2-甲基戊醇、第二己醇、2-乙基丁醇、第二庚醇、正辛醇、2-乙基己醇、第二辛醇、正壬醇、正癸醇、第二-十一醇、三甲基壬醇、第二-十四醇、第二-十七醇、苯酚、環己醇、甲基環己醇、苄醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇等醇系溶劑;乙
二醇甲醚、乙二醇乙醚、乙二醇單苯醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單-正丁醚、二乙二醇單-正己醚、乙氧基三甘醇、四乙二醇單-正丁醚、丙二醇單甲醚、二丙二醇單甲醚、二丙二醇單乙醚、三丙二醇單甲醚等二醇單醚系溶劑;α-萜品烯、α-萜品醇、月桂油烯、別羅勒烯(allo-ocimene)、檸檬烯、雙戊烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、松脂醇(terpineol)、香旱芹酮、羅勒烯、水芹烯等萜烯系溶劑;水。該些可單獨使用一種、或者組合兩種以上來使用。
當製成形成n型擴散層的組成物時,就對於基板的塗佈性的觀點而言,較佳為α-萜品醇、二乙二醇單-正丁醚、乙酸2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酯。
形成p型擴散層的組成物中的分散介質的含有比率是考慮塗佈性、受體濃度而決定。
考慮到塗佈性,形成p型擴散層的組成物的黏度較佳為10mPa.S以上至1000000mPa.S以下,更佳為50mPa.S以上至500000mPa.S以下。
其次,對本發明的p型擴散層及太陽電池元件的製造方法進行說明。
對作為p型半導體基板的矽基板賦予鹼性溶液來去除損壞層,並藉由蝕刻而獲得紋理構造。
詳細而言,利用20質量%苛性鈉去除自鑄錠進行切片時所產生的矽表面的損壞層。繼而,利用1質量%苛性鈉與10質量
%異丙醇的混合液進行蝕刻,形成紋理構造。太陽電池元件藉由在受光面(表面)側形成紋理構造,而可促進光學侷限效應,謀求高效率化。
其次,於氧氯化磷(POCl3)、氮氣、氧氣的混合氣體環境下以800℃~900℃進行幾十分鐘的處理,從而同樣地形成n型擴散層。此時,於使用氧氯化磷環境的方法中,磷的擴散亦到達側面及背面,n型擴散層不僅形成於表面,而且亦形成於側面、背面。因此,為了去除側面的n型擴散層而實施側蝕。
然後,於p型半導體基板的背面,即與受光面為相反側的面的n型擴散層上塗佈上述形成p型擴散層的組成物,形成了形成p型擴散層的組成物層。於本發明中,塗佈方法並無限制,例如有印刷法、旋塗法、毛刷塗佈、噴霧法、刮刀法、輥塗機法、噴墨法等。
上述形成p型擴散層的組成物的塗佈量並無特別限制。例如,作為玻璃粉末量,可設定為0.01g/m2~100g/m2,較佳為0.1g/m2~10g/m2。
再者,根據形成p型擴散層的組成物的組成,亦可設置用以於塗佈後,使組成物中所含有的溶劑揮發的乾燥步驟。於該情況下,於80℃~300℃左右的溫度下,當使用加熱板時乾燥1分鐘~10分鐘,當使用乾燥機等時乾燥10分鐘~30分鐘左右。該乾燥條件依存於形成p型擴散層的組成物的溶劑組成,於本發明中並不特別限定於上述條件。
於600℃~1200℃下對塗佈了上述形成p型擴散層的組成物的半導體基板進行熱擴散處理。藉由該熱擴散處理,受體元素向半導體基板中擴散,而形成p+型擴散層。熱擴散處理可應用公知的連續爐、分批式爐等。另外,熱擴散處理時的爐內環境視需要亦可適宜調整成空氣、氧氣、氮氣等。
熱擴散處理時間可對應於形成p型擴散層的組成物中所含有的受體元素的含有率、或玻璃粉末的軟化溫度等等而適宜選擇。例如,可設定為1分鐘~60分鐘,更佳為5分鐘~30分鐘。
由於在所形成的p+型擴散層的表面形成有玻璃層,故藉由蝕刻而去除該玻璃層。蝕刻可應用浸漬於氫氟酸等酸中的方法、浸漬於苛性鈉等鹼中的方法等公知的方法。
另外,於先前的製造方法中,於背面印刷鋁膏,然後對其進行煅燒,使n型擴散層變成p+型擴散層的同時並獲得歐姆接觸。但是,由鋁膏所形成的鋁層的導電率低,為了降低薄片電阻,通常形成於整個背面的鋁層於煅燒後必需具有10μm~20μm左右的厚度。進而,若如上述般形成較厚的鋁層,則由於矽的熱膨脹係數與鋁的熱膨脹係數相差較大,因此有時於煅燒及冷卻的過程中,在矽基板中產生較大的內應力,而成為翹曲的原因。
存在該內應力對結晶的結晶粒界造成損傷、電力損失變大的課題。另外,翹曲於模組製程中的太陽電池元件的搬送、或者與被稱為分支線路(tab wire)的銅線的連接過程中,容易使太陽電池元件破損。近年來,由於切片加工技術的提高,因此矽基
板的厚度正被薄型化,而存在太陽電池元件更加容易破裂的傾向。
但是,根據本發明的製造方法,於藉由上述本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物將n型擴散層轉換成p+型擴散層後,在該p+型擴散層上另外設置電極。因此,用於背面的電極的材料並不限定於鋁,例如可應用Ag(銀)或Cu(銅)等,背面的電極的厚度亦可比先前的厚度更薄地形成,並且另外亦無需形成於整個面上。因此,可減少於煅燒及冷卻的過程中所產生的矽基板中的內應力及翹曲。
於上述所形成的n型擴散層上形成抗反射膜。抗反射膜是應用公知的技術而形成。例如,當抗反射膜為氮化矽膜時,藉由將SiH4與NH3的混合氣體作為原料的電漿化學氣相沈積(Chemical Vapor Deposition,CVD)法來形成。此時,氫於結晶中擴散,不參與矽原子之鍵結的軌道,即懸鍵(dangling bond)與氫鍵結,而使缺陷鈍化(氫鈍化)。
更具體而言,於上述混合氣體流量比NH3/SiH4為0.05~1.0,反應室的壓力為0.1Torr~2Torr,成膜時的溫度為300℃~550℃,使電漿放電的頻率為100kHz以上的條件下形成。
於表面(受光面)的抗反射膜上,藉由網版印刷法印刷塗佈表面電極用金屬膏並使其乾燥,而形成表面電極。表面電極用金屬膏是將金屬粒子與玻璃粒子作為必需成分,且視需要包含樹脂黏合劑、其他添加劑等。
繼而,於上述背面的p+型擴散層上亦形成背面電極。如
上所述,本發明中背面電極的材質或形成方法並無特別限定。例如,可塗佈包含鋁、銀或銅等金屬的背面電極用膏,並使其乾燥而形成背面電極。此時,為了模組製程中的太陽電池元件間的連接,亦可於背面的一部分上設置形成銀電極用的銀膏。
對上述電極進行煅燒,製成太陽電池元件。若於600℃~900℃的範圍內煅燒幾秒~幾分鐘,則於表面側,作為絕緣膜的抗反射膜因電極用金屬膏中所含有的玻璃粒子而熔融,進而矽表面的一部分亦熔融,膏中的金屬粒子(例如銀粒子)與矽基板形成接觸部並凝固。藉此,所形成的表面電極與矽基板被導通。將此稱為燒透(fire through)。
對表面電極的形狀進行說明。表面電極是由匯流條電極、以及與該匯流條電極交叉的指狀電極構成。
此種表面電極可藉由例如上述金屬膏的網版印刷、或者電極材料的鍍敷、高真空中的利用電子束加熱的電極材料的蒸鍍等方法而形成。眾所周知,包含匯流條電極與指狀電極的表面電極一般是用作受光面側的電極,可應用受光面側的匯流條電極及指狀電極的公知的形成方法。
再者,於上述的p型擴散層及太陽電池元件的製造方法中,為了於作為p型半導體基板的矽基板上形成n型擴散層,而使用氧氯化磷(POCl3)、氮氣及氧氣的混合氣體,但亦可使用形成n型擴散層的組成物來形成n型層。於形成n型擴散層的組成物中,含有P(磷)或Sb(銻)等第15族的元素作為施體元素。
於將形成n型擴散層的組成物用於n型擴散層的形成的方法中,首先,於作為p型半導體基板的表面的受光面塗佈形成n型擴散層的組成物,於背面塗佈本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物,然後於600℃~1200℃下進行熱擴散處理。藉由該熱擴散處理,施體元素於表面向p型半導體基板中擴散而形成n型擴散層,受體元素則於背面擴散而形成p+型擴散層。除該步驟以外,藉由與上述方法相同的步驟來製作太陽電池元件。
再者,藉由參照而將日本申請案2010-100227中所揭示的全部內容引用於本說明書中。
本說明書中所記載的所有文獻、專利申請案、及技術規格是以與具體地且個別地記載藉由參照而引用各個文獻、專利申請案、及技術規格時相同的程度,藉由參照而引用於本說明書中。
以下,更具體地說明本發明的實例,但本發明並不受該些實例限制。再者,只要事先無特別記述,則化學品全部使用試劑。另外,只要事先無說明,則「%」表示「質量%」。
使用自動乳缽混練裝置將粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為4.9μm的B2O3-CeO2體系玻璃(B2O3:39.6%,CeO2:10%,BaO:10.4%,MoO3:10%,ZnO:30%)粉末20g與乙基纖維素0.3g、乙酸2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酯7g加以混合並膏化,製成形成p型擴散層的組成物。
使用島津製作所(股份)製造的熱分析裝置(TG-DTA,DTG60H型,測定條件:升溫速度20℃/分,空氣流量100ml/分)對上述B2O3-CeO2體系玻璃粉末進行熱分析的結果,軟化溫度為600℃。
另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
再者,玻璃粒子形狀是使用日立高科技(Hitachi High-Technologies)(股份)製造的TM-1000型掃描型電子顯微鏡進行觀察並判定。玻璃的平均粒徑是使用Beckman Coulter(股份)製造的LS 13 320型雷射散射繞射法粒度分布測定裝置(測定波長:632nm)來算出。
其次,藉由網版印刷將所製備的膏(形成p型擴散層的組成物)塗佈於p型矽基板的一面上(以下,有時稱為「背面」),並於150℃的加熱板上乾燥5分鐘。繼而,利用設定成1000℃的電爐進行10分鐘熱擴散處理,然後,為了去除玻璃層而將基板浸漬於10%氫氟酸中5分鐘,然後進行流水清洗。其後,進行乾燥。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為45Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。將結果示於表1。
再者,薄片電阻是使用三菱化學(股份)製造的
Loresta-EP MCP-T360型低電阻率計並藉由四探針法來測定。
除將熱擴散處理時間設定為15分鐘以外,以與實例1相同的方式形成p型擴散層。塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為35Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
除將熱擴散處理時間設定為30分鐘以外,以與實例1相同的方式形成p型擴散層。塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為20Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-ZnO體系玻璃(B2O3:40%,ZnO:40%,CeO2:10%,MgO:5%,CaO:5%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為580℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為48Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:30%,SiO2:50%,CeO2:10%,ZnO:10%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,上述玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為680℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為52Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
除將熱擴散處理時間設定為30分鐘以外,以與實例5相同的方式形成p型擴散層。塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為33Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻
過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-PbO體系玻璃(B2O3:30%,PbO:50%,ZnO:20%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為340℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為17Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:30%,SiO2:10%,PbO:40%,ZnO:10%,CaO:10%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為370℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻
為25Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:30%,SiO2:10%,PbO:30%,ZnO:20%,NaO:10%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為390℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為31Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-ZnO體系玻璃(B2O3:30%,ZnO:40%,CaO:20%,Al2O3:10%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為505℃。另外,結晶化溫
度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為43Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:50%,SiO2:10%,ZnO:30%,CaO:10%),並將熱擴散處理時間設定為20分鐘,除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為690℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為56Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:22%,SiO2:58%,CaO:
20%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為850℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為78Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:25%,SiO2:60%,CaO:15%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為880℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為82Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:20%,SiO2:65%,CaO:10%,Al2O3:5%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物來形成p型擴散層。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為940℃。另外,結晶化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的表面的薄片電阻為96Ω/□,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另一方面,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。另外,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:10%,SiO2:20%,PbO:40%,NaO:30%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物進行熱擴散處理。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為240℃。
於塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的面上,B(硼)擴散而形成p+型擴散層。另外,該表面的薄片電阻為63Ω/□。但是,未塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物的部分的薄片電阻為70Ω/□,p+型擴散層形成至不需要部分。再者,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
將玻璃粉末設定為粒子形狀為大致球狀,平均粒徑為3.2μm的B2O3-SiO2體系玻璃(B2O3:5%,SiO2:93%,NaO:2%),除此以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備形成p型擴散層的組成物,並使用該形成p型擴散層的組成物進行熱擴散處理。再者,玻璃粉末的軟化溫度為1100℃以上,超過熱分析裝置的測定範圍。
塗佈有形成p型擴散層的組成物之側的面的薄片電阻過大而無法測定,判斷為實質上未形成p+型擴散層。再者,矽基板上未產生基板的翹曲。
根據以上可知,藉由使用本發明的形成p型擴散層的組成物,可不產生矽基板的翹曲而均勻地形成p型擴散層。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
Claims (5)
- 一種形成p型擴散層的組成物,包括:含有受體元素且軟化溫度為300℃~950℃的玻璃粉末,其中上述玻璃粉末的結晶化溫度為1050℃以上;以及分散介質。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的形成p型擴散層的組成物,其中上述受體元素是選自B(硼)、Al(鋁)及Ga(鎵)中的至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的形成p型擴散層的組成物,其中含有上述受體元素的玻璃粉末包括:選自B2O3、Al2O3及Ga2O3中的至少一種含有受體元素的物質;以及選自SiO2、K2O、Na2O、Li2O、BaO、SrO、CaO、MgO、BeO、ZnO、PbO、CdO、SnO、ZrO2、CeO2及MoO3中的至少一種玻璃成分物質。
- 一種p型擴散層的製造方法,包括:塗佈如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物的步驟;以及實施熱擴散處理的步驟。
- 一種太陽電池元件的製造方法,包括:於半導體基板上塗佈如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述之形成p型擴散層的組成物的步驟;實施熱擴散處理來形成p型擴散層的步驟;以及 於所形成的上述p型擴散層上形成電極的步驟。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010100227 | 2010-04-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201521092A TW201521092A (zh) | 2015-06-01 |
TWI541869B true TWI541869B (zh) | 2016-07-11 |
Family
ID=44834296
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW104101934A TWI541869B (zh) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-22 | 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 |
TW100114096A TWI488222B (zh) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-22 | 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW100114096A TWI488222B (zh) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-22 | 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JP5541359B2 (zh) |
TW (2) | TWI541869B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2011132782A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160359078A1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-12-08 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Composition for forming n-type diffusion layer, method for forming n-type diffusion layer, method of producing semiconductor substrate with n-type diffusion layer, and method for producing photovoltaic cell element |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE548647A (zh) * | 1955-06-28 | |||
US4891331A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1990-01-02 | Oi-Neg Tv Products, Inc. | Method for doping silicon wafers using Al2 O3 /P2 O5 composition |
JPH06105696B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-15 | 1994-12-21 | シャープ株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH02177569A (ja) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-10 | Sharp Corp | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
JPH04158514A (ja) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-06-01 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 半導体基板への不純物拡散方法 |
JPH04174517A (ja) * | 1990-11-07 | 1992-06-22 | Canon Inc | ダイヤモンド半導体の製造方法 |
CN103333526A (zh) * | 2007-01-03 | 2013-10-02 | 内诺格雷姆公司 | 基于硅/锗的纳米颗粒油墨、掺杂型颗粒、用于半导体应用的印刷和方法 |
WO2009060761A1 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | ドーパントホストおよびその製造方法 |
JP5522900B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-06-18 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 電極形成用導電性組成物及び太陽電池の形成方法 |
TW201007770A (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-02-16 | Du Pont | Glass compositions used in conductors for photovoltaic cells |
JP5447397B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-03 | 2014-03-19 | 日立化成株式会社 | p型拡散層形成組成物、p型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池セルの製造方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-04-22 WO PCT/JP2011/059974 patent/WO2011132782A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-04-22 TW TW104101934A patent/TWI541869B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-04-22 JP JP2012511724A patent/JP5541359B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-22 TW TW100114096A patent/TWI488222B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-03-03 JP JP2014040997A patent/JP2014150261A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201139567A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
TWI488222B (zh) | 2015-06-11 |
JP5541359B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
JP2014150261A (ja) | 2014-08-21 |
TW201521092A (zh) | 2015-06-01 |
WO2011132782A1 (ja) | 2011-10-27 |
JPWO2011132782A1 (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI480930B (zh) | 光伏電池的製造方法 | |
TWI667695B (zh) | 形成p型擴散層的組合物和p型擴散層的製造方法,及製備光伏電池的方法 | |
TWI483294B (zh) | 形成n型擴散層的組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
TWI502753B (zh) | 半導體基板及其製造方法、太陽電池元件以及太陽電池 | |
TWI499070B (zh) | 形成n型擴散層的組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
TWI485875B (zh) | 形成不純物擴散層的組成物、形成n型擴散層的組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法、形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽能電池的製造方法 | |
TWI575762B (zh) | n型擴散層形成組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法以及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
TWI482302B (zh) | 形成n型擴散層的組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
TWI548102B (zh) | 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
TWI480929B (zh) | n型擴散層形成組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法以及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
JP2013026579A (ja) | p型拡散層の製造方法及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 | |
TWI541869B (zh) | 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
TWI556289B (zh) | 形成p型擴散層的組成物、p型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池元件的製造方法 | |
JP5834579B2 (ja) | p型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 | |
TW201530791A (zh) | n型擴散層形成組成物、n型擴散層的製造方法及太陽電池單元的製造方法 | |
JP2013026476A (ja) | p型拡散層形成組成物、p型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |