TWI520529B - 無線區域網路中封包排程 - Google Patents

無線區域網路中封包排程 Download PDF

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TWI520529B
TWI520529B TW102113365A TW102113365A TWI520529B TW I520529 B TWI520529 B TW I520529B TW 102113365 A TW102113365 A TW 102113365A TW 102113365 A TW102113365 A TW 102113365A TW I520529 B TWI520529 B TW I520529B
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阿默德 阿里
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內數位科技公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2416—Real-time traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2425—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting services specification, e.g. SLA
    • H04L47/2433—Allocation of priorities to traffic types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2441—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS relying on flow classification, e.g. using integrated services [IntServ]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/52—Queue scheduling by attributing bandwidth to queues
    • H04L47/522—Dynamic queue service slot or variable bandwidth allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/56—Queue scheduling implementing delay-aware scheduling
    • H04L47/564—Attaching a deadline to packets, e.g. earliest due date first
    • H04L47/566—Deadline varies as a function of time spent in the queue
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/62—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
    • H04L47/6215—Individual queue per QOS, rate or priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/62—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
    • H04L47/625—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders
    • H04L47/6255—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders queue load conditions, e.g. longest queue first
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
    • H04L47/788—Autonomous allocation of resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
    • H04L47/805—QOS or priority aware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
    • H04L47/808—User-type aware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
    • H04L47/824—Applicable to portable or mobile terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)

Description

無線區域網路中封包排程
本發明大體上與無線通信系統有關，及更特別言之，與排程無線區域網路(WLAN)中訊務流量的封包有關。
在以802.11e為基準的環境下，加強型分佈式協調功能(EDCA)將訊務流量分類為反映由每一個訊務流量攜帶的應用優先級之存取分類(AC)。不同仲裁訊框間隔(AIFS)、最小競爭視窗(CWmin)、最大競爭視窗(CWmax)參數係根據其AC於每訊務流量放置。該AIFS為自接收來自存取點(AP)的前一個經傳送封包已接收的確認應答後站台(STA)等待的時間間隔。較高優先級AC具較較低優先級AC為短的AIFS，使得在存取該頻道前較高優先級訊務具較短等待時間。CWmin及CWmax值定義在補償步驟期間所使用的競爭視窗的下及上限。EDCA幫助確保經由AIFS、CWmin及CWmax的較有利設定使較高優先級訊務流量具獲得至頻道存取的較大機會。
802.11e標準訂定在各種ACs中的競爭及補償機構，然而，在相同AC內於不同訊務流量(屬於不同STA)間AP的排程未由該標準訂定，及為留給AP實施決定。
一種無線區域網路中排程封包的方法由基於封包的使用者優先 級對應封包至存取分類(AC)開始，基於封包的AC指定封包至在站台的訊務流量(TF)，自該TF的封包置於AC的傳送佇列，自傳送佇列的封包基於以服務品質為基準的競爭解決功能而選擇，及該經選擇封包被傳送。
AC‧‧‧存取分類
CW‧‧‧競爭視窗值
CWmax‧‧‧最大競爭視窗
CWmin‧‧‧最小競爭視窗
QoS‧‧‧服務品質
STA‧‧‧站台
TF‧‧‧訊務流量
α‧‧‧阻尼傳送資料率的衝擊之權重因子
β‧‧‧阻尼延遲衝擊之權重因子
100‧‧‧以延遲為基礎的QoS功能之操作
300‧‧‧競爭解決功能的流程圖
第1圖為顯示根據本發明排程封包的方法之流程圖。
第2圖為顯示操作於多重訊務流量的具以QoS為基礎之競爭解決功能的EDCA功能性的圖。
第3圖為在相同AC內操作的競爭解決功能之流程圖。
第4圖為第3圖所示競爭解決功能的圖。
本發明實現在AP的以服務品質(QoS)為基礎的內部競爭解決功能，該以QoS為基礎的功能在每AC操作以解決在相同AC內多重訊務流量佇列間的競爭。
無論何時在相同AC於二或更多訊務流量佇列存在封包時，競爭解決功能觸發，且兩個佇列皆企圖在訊框傳送時間存取該頻道。競爭解決功能的輸出為每一個AC的內部競爭優先級，其為用於存取該頻道的優先級。
以延遲為基礎的QoS功能100之操作顯示於第1圖及敘述於EDCA操作的內文內。該EDCA功能支援四個AC，八個不同使用者優先級(UP)對映至此四個AC，如表1所示。
表1：使用者優先級對存取分類對映
要由STA傳送的封包基於其UP對映至AC(步驟102)，該對映功能確保UP對映個別AC，及由不同訊務流量傳送的封包導引置在它們的AC的個別佇列。
在802.11e標準，STA可具一或更多訊務流量及依據自該STA操作的應用及相同應用的同時區段數而定，該訊務流量可越過AC散射或是匯集進入相同AC。為進行此目的，每一個STA被限制為具最大四個訊務流量，及每一個訊務流量支援不同應用，要注意STA可具超過四個訊務流量及可支援相同應用的同時區段；在此種情況下，本發明仍可以相同方式操作。
所以，AC可支援多至最大N個訊務流量，其中N為在該系統中的STA數目，若沒有任何STA操作屬於該AC的應用，則AC可不具訊務流量。
封包基於其AC被指定至STA中的訊務流量(步驟104)，自每一 個訊務流量的封包置於相對應AC的傳送佇列(步驟106)，來自自每一個AC的傳送佇列的一個封包係由以QoS為基礎之競爭解決功能選擇，此係基於AC的傳送速率及延遲要求(步驟108；此功能關於第3及4圖詳細敘述)。企圖傳送經選擇封包(步驟110)，及進行是否存在與另一個封包傳送碰撞之決定(步驟112)，若沒有任何碰撞，則傳送該經選擇封包(步驟114)，及該功能結束(步驟116)。
若存在與另一個封包傳送碰撞之情況(步驟112)，則較高優先級封包被傳送(步驟120)。較低優先級封包的競爭視窗值(CW)與伴隨該封包的CA之CWmax值比較(步驟122)，若CW值小於CWmax，則該CW值依據方程式1所示更新(步驟124)。
CW=((CW+1)X 2)-1 方程式(1)
在CW值被更新後或是若CW已在CWmax(步驟122)，則該較低優先級封包進入時間間隔等於CW的回退模式(步驟126)及起始倒數計時計。一旦倒數計時計到達零(步驟128)，則由具避免碰撞之載波感測多重存取(CSMA/CA)感測進行該頻道是否為空閑的之決定(步驟130)，若該頻道不為空閑的，則該功能回到步驟124以重新設定CW值及重新啟動該倒數計時計。若該頻道為空閑的，則傳送該較低優先級封包(步驟132)及該功能結束(步驟116)。
功能100現在關於第2圖敘述，其顯示具四STA的EDCA實施模式之實例，每一個操作對映於不同AC的四個不同應用，產生每一個STA的一個訊務流量於每一個AC，封包基於其AC被指定至STA中的訊務流量，例如，自站台B(STA_B)的第二訊務流量(TF_2)係在AC_2，自每一個訊務流量的封包插入個別傳送佇列，及以QoS為基礎之競爭 解決功能指定自每一個AC要被傳送的一個封包。
一旦封包由AC，如AC_2，選出，且該封包已準備用於傳送(亦即其不為回退模式且其感測頻道為空閑的)，則其會試圖在該頻道上傳送。若有來自另一個AC，如AC_4，的另一個封包已準備用於傳送，此會引起AC間的內部碰撞，在此情況下，自AC_2(較低優先級)的封包會允許具較高優先級的AC(AC_4)存取該頻道及傳送的權利。AC_2更新其CW[AC_2]為值((CW[AC_2]+1)X 2)-1或是若CW[AC_2]已到達CWmax[AC_2]，則維持CW值不變化。
自AC_2的封包接著開始回退步驟，及漸減其回退計數計直到其到達零，若該頻道接著為空閑的，則封包企圖傳送。直到來自AC_2的封包被傳送，以QoS為基礎之競爭解決功能不會為AC_2觸發，及沒有任何其他封包被指定用於AC_2分類的傳送。
若在AC_2等待的封包之回退計時器已到達零，且沒有任何AC_2封包會碰撞的來自其他分類的封包，則AC_2會傳送該封包。若碰撞發生，必需起始新的回退步驟及根據值((CW[AC_2]+1)X 2)-1更新其CW[AC_2]。
成功傳送之後，已在其允許傳送機會(TXOP)內剛送出最後傳送的AC會更新其CW[AC]值及起始回退步驟至下一個指定封包而不管與較高優先級AC的碰撞之發生。TXOP為當STA可開始傳送已知期間的訊框的時間點。在TXOP期間，STA可傳送在TXOP的儘可能多的訊框，其長度係根據伴隨該資料的流量類別(TC)而設定，EDCA TXOP不應超過由AP通知的TXOP限制，此必需確保無論何時有一些封包要傳送時，較高優先級AC不會持續使在AP內的較低優先級AC衰弱，及 該優先級係經由CWmin[AC]、CWmax[AC]及AIFS[AC]的最有利設定值完成。
在EDCA，訊務流量會在下列三種情況起始回退步驟：1.因為與較高AC的內部碰撞，2.因為與分享該無線頻道的其他STA的外部碰撞，3.在指定用於傳送的另一個封包後於經配置的TXOP內的最後傳送之後。
若在某個AC僅有一個訊務流量佇列，則以QoS為基礎之競爭解決功能不為有效的，因為沒有其他佇列競爭。
競爭解決功能
在每一個佇列內，優先級指數係基於延遲及資料率準則計算，資料率指數計算考慮用於傳送封包的即時資料率，較高資料率需要較少媒介時間及因而提供較高優先級，此改良系統的整體產出，但是可能以低即時資料率增加使用者的延遲，這些延遲率指數計算考慮第一個封包於每一個佇列的延遲(亦即，封包在該佇列所花費的時間)及佇列的大小，以反映QoS要求每訊務流量。接著排程在相同AC內具較高優先級指數(資料率及延遲的組合)的封包以與其他AC的傳送競爭。
第3圖顯示競爭解決功能300的流程圖，其基於經估計資料率及由該封包所產生的當時延遲決定要排程的下一個封包。該競爭解決功能300亦圖示地示於第4圖。
一個佇列對每一個AC存在及標註為"n"，在每一個佇列內，基於延遲及資料率準則計算每一個封包的優先級指數，延遲指數包括AC-相關參數。
在ACn內的每一個佇列的資料率指數係根據方程式(2)計算(步驟302)：資料率指數=傳輸資料率/最大資料率 方程式(2)
其中最大資料率為在可應用標準中允許的最大資料率，例如，在802.11b中最大資料率為11Mbps及在802.11g中最大資料率為54Mbps。
在ACn內的每一個佇列的延遲指數係敘述於方程式(3)(步驟304)：延遲指數=(A[ACn]X First_Pkt_Delayn(正規化))+(B[ACn]X Queue_Sizen)+(C[ACn]X Avg_Pkt_Delayn(正規化)) 方程式(3)
其中First_Pkt_Delayn為第一封包在ACn經歷的延遲，Queue_Sizen為ACn的尺寸，及Avg_Pkt_Delayn為ACn於M個封包的封包延遲之移動平均，A、B、及C分別為封包延遲、佇列尺寸、及平均封包延遲的每AC權重因子。可應用於所有AC做為起始點的權重因子之起始值為A=0.4，B=0.3，及C=0.3，在操作期間A、B、及C的值可由監測平均佇列尺寸而調整，若佇列尺寸變得過大，可增加C值並減少A、B值。或者，依據AC而定，可使用不同設定值於該三個權重因子，其強調由每一個AC所攜帶的訊務的不同QoS方面且其更有效地決定評估該頻道的優先級。
延遲指數方程式的第一及第三項被正規化為整數值以不會因第二項(其為佇列的尺寸)而被輕忽。依據優先級指數計算，具最大延遲指數計算的佇列會具獲得存取該頻道的權利之較高機率(步驟306)：優先級指數=(α x資料率指數+β x延遲指數) 方程式(4)
其中α為阻尼傳送資料率的衝擊之權重因子及β為阻尼延遲衝擊之權重因子，在本發明一個具體實施例中，α=0.5及β=0.5。這些值可由監測經歷X秒延遲的封包數目而隨時間調整。若封包數超過10%(此值可被配置)，則可進行α及β權重的調整，例如，減少α及增加β。
選擇訊務流量中具最高優先級指數值的第一個封包用於傳輸(步驟308)及該功能結束(步驟310)。
雖然本發明特徵及元件係以特別組合方式敘述於較佳具體實施例，每一個特徵或元件可單獨使用(不具該較佳具體實施例的其他特徵及元件)或是以各種具或不具本發明其他特徵及元件之組合使用。雖然本發明特定具體實施例已示出及敘述，一些改良及變化可由熟知本技藝者進行而不偏離本發明範圍，以上敘述係用於說明及不以任何方式限制該特別發明。
AC‧‧‧存取分類
CW‧‧‧競爭視窗值
CWmax‧‧‧最大競爭視窗
CWmin‧‧‧最小競爭視窗
QoS‧‧‧服務品質
TF‧‧‧訊務流量
100‧‧‧以延遲為基礎的QoS功能之操作

Claims (6)

  1. 一種被配置以用於資料選擇的積體電路，該積體電路包括：經配置用以為複數個資料佇列的每一個資料佇列導出一第一值的電路；其中該第一值從一第二值、與該資料佇列相關聯的一大小以及用於該資料佇列的複數個排程傳輸之間的一延遲導出；其中該第二值與一資料速率相關聯，其中該導出的第一值與一優先級相關聯；以及其中該電路更被配置為基於該導出的第一值以從用於傳輸的該複數個資料佇列至少其中之一選擇一資料。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的積體電路，其中該資料的選擇避免較低優先級資料的傳輸資源的耗盡。
  3. 一種被配置以用於資料選擇的無線裝置，該無線裝置包括：複數個資料佇列；以及經配置用以為複數個資料佇列的每一個資料佇列導出一第一值的電路；其中該第一值從一第二值、與該資料佇列相關聯的一大小以及用於該資料佇列的複數個排程傳輸之間的一延遲導出；其中該第二值與一資料速率相關聯；其中該導出的第一值與一優先級相關聯，其中該電路更被配置為基於該導出的第一值以從用於傳輸的該複數個資料佇列至少其中之一選擇一資料。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的無線裝置，其中該資料的選擇避免較低優先級資料的傳輸資源的耗盡。
  5. 一種用於資料選擇的方法，該方法包括：由一無線裝置為複數個資料佇列的每一個資料佇列導出一第一值；其中該第一值從一第二值、與該資料佇列相關聯的一大小以及用於該資料佇列的複數個排程傳輸之間的一延遲導出，其中該第二值與一資料速率相關 聯，其中該導出的第一值與一優先級相關聯；以及由該無線裝置基於該導出的第一值以從用於傳輸的該複數個資料佇列至少其中之一選擇一資料。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的方法，其中該資料的選擇避免較低優先級資料的傳輸資源的耗盡。
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WO2005069876A3 (en) 2006-09-21

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