TWI495059B - 半導體元件與半導體裝置與其形成方法 - Google Patents
半導體元件與半導體裝置與其形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI495059B TWI495059B TW102119542A TW102119542A TWI495059B TW I495059 B TWI495059 B TW I495059B TW 102119542 A TW102119542 A TW 102119542A TW 102119542 A TW102119542 A TW 102119542A TW I495059 B TWI495059 B TW I495059B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 133
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 88
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 134
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004050 hot filament vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetraethoxydecane Chemical compound C(C)OC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000927 Ge alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 SOI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCZWPKDRLPGFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynecerium Chemical compound [Ce]#N BCZWPKDRLPGFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;ethyne Chemical compound [Ce].[C-]#[C] WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76843—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers formed in openings in a dielectric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76879—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material by selective deposition of conductive material in the vias, e.g. selective C.V.D. on semiconductor material, plating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53276—Conductive materials containing carbon, e.g. fullerenes
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- H01L2221/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof covered by H01L21/00
- H01L2221/10—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device
- H01L2221/1068—Formation and after-treatment of conductors
- H01L2221/1094—Conducting structures comprising nanotubes or nanowires
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Description
本發明係關於半導體元件,更特別關於其內連線結構與金屬線路之間夾設的碳層。
由於多種電子構件如電晶體、二極體、電阻、電感、或類似構件持續改良,半導體產業已快速成長一段時日。積體密度增加的主因為結構尺寸持續縮小,即更多構件可整合至固定面積中。目前對較小電子元件之需求增加,即對低電阻結構如內連線之需求增加,以進一步改良電子元件之熱效能。
半導體元件可包含多種半導體結構如電晶體、電容、電阻、或類似物形成於基板上。以介電層隔開一或多個導電層如金屬、合金、或類似物。多種內連線結構位於導電層之間,以內連線半導體結構並電性連接相鄰的金屬層。
奈米碳管已應用於形成低電阻的內連線結構。奈米碳管為碳原子組成之管狀結構。奈米碳管具有多種獨特性質如高強度、高導熱性、優良的導電性、與優良的電子遷移率等等。奈米碳管的電子性質可隨其結構不同而改變。奈米碳管可具有金屬性質或半導體性質,上述差異取決於物理參數如長度、孔徑、或類似參數。
當奈米碳管具有適當物理參數如孔徑時,將具有
優良的導電性。除了單層奈米碳管具有高電阻外,多種平行成長的奈米碳管具有低電阻如銅。如此一來,提供高電流密度的奈米碳管可作為內連線結構。然而奈米碳管與對應之金屬線路之間具有高電阻接觸,這將使奈米碳管形成的內連線結構具有高電阻。
本發明一實施例提供一種裝置,包括:第一金屬線路形成於基板上;第一碳層形成於第一金屬線路上;奈米碳管內連線形成於第一碳層上;第二碳層形成於奈米碳管內連線上;以及第二金屬線路形成於第二碳層上。
本發明一實施例提供一種元件,包括:第一介電層形成於基板上;第一金屬線路埋置於第一介電層中;第二介電層形成於第一介電層上;第二金屬線路埋置於第二介電層中;內連線結構形成於第一金屬線路與第二金屬線路之間;第一碳層形成於第一金屬線路與內連線結構之間;以及第二碳層形成於第二金屬線路與內連線結構之間。
本發明一實施例提供一種裝置的形成方法,包括:形成第一金屬線路於基板上;沉積第一碳層於第一金屬線路上;沉積多個催化墊於第一碳層上;成長多個奈米碳管於催化墊上;沉積介電材料於奈米碳管之間,以形成內連線層;沉積第二碳層於內連線層上;以及形成第二金屬線路於第二碳層上。
102‧‧‧基板
104‧‧‧第一介電層
112‧‧‧第一金屬線路
114‧‧‧內連線結構
116‧‧‧第二金屬線路
122A‧‧‧第一碳層
122B‧‧‧第一垂直碳層
124A‧‧‧第二碳層
124B‧‧‧第二垂直碳層
126‧‧‧第二介電層
128‧‧‧第三碳層
130‧‧‧第四碳層
132‧‧‧蓋層
202、702‧‧‧開口
402‧‧‧奈米碳管
第1圖係一實施例中,半導體元件之剖視圖;第2圖係一實施例中,形成碳層前的半導體元件之剖視圖;第3圖係一實施例中,以化學氣相沉積(CVD)製程沉積碳層於第2圖之半導體元件後的半導體元件剖視圖;第4圖係一實施例中,對第3圖之半導體元件之開口進行催化CVD製程後的半導體元件剖視圖;第5圖係一實施例中,對第4圖之半導體元件進行另一CVD製程後的半導體元件剖視圖;第6圖係一實施例中,對第5圖之半導體元件進行化學機械研磨(CMP)製程後的半導體元件剖視圖;第7圖係一實施例中,對第6圖之半導體結構進行圖案化製程後的半導體元件剖視圖;第8圖係一實施例中,對第7圖之半導體結構進行碳沉積與金屬化製程後的半導體元件剖視圖;第9圖係另一實施例中,具有奈米碳管內連線結構之半導體元件之剖視圖;以及第10至16圖係一實施例中,形成第9圖之內連線結構的製程剖視圖。
形成與使用實施例的方式將詳述於下。可以理解的是,本發明提供多個不同實施例或實例,以實施多種實施例中的不同特徵。下述特定實例係用以說明本發明,僅用以舉例而非侷限本發明。
本發明之實施例中,半導體元件具有奈米碳管內
連線以及與其相鄰的金屬層。本發明實施例可用於半導體元件之多種結構。下述內容將搭配圖式說明多種實施例。
第1圖係一實施例中,半導體元件之剖視圖。半導體元件包括基板102,形成於基板102上的第一金屬線路112,與形成於第一金屬線路112上的第二金屬線路116。如第1圖所示,奈米碳管的內連線結構114可形成於第一金屬線路112與第二金屬線路116之間。此外,第一碳層122A可形成於內連線結構114之下表面與第一金屬線路112之間,而第二碳層124A可形成於內連線結構114之上表面與第二金屬線路116之間。在第1圖中,第一垂直碳層122B包圍內連線結構114,且第二垂直碳層124B包圍部份的第二金屬線路116。
如第1圖所示,第一介電層104係形成於基板102上。第一金屬線路112與內連線結構114係埋置於第一介電層104中。蓋層132係沉積於第一介電層104上,而第二介電層126係形成於蓋層132上。第二金屬線路116係埋置於第二介電層126中。
基板102可為合適的半導體材料如矽、鍺、鑽石、或類似物。在其他實施例中,基板102可為其他結晶方向的化合物材料如矽鍺合金、碳化矽、砷化鎵、砷化銦、磷化銦、碳矽化鍺、磷砷化鎵、磷化銦鎵、上述之組合。此外,基板102可為絕緣層上矽(SOI)基板。一般而言,SOI基板包括半導體材料層如磊晶矽、鍺、矽鍺合金、SOI、絕緣層上矽鍺合金(SGOI)、或上述之組合。基板102可掺雜p型掺質如硼、鋁、鎵、或類似物,或掺雜n型掺質如本技術領域中具有通常知識者所熟知。
第一金屬線路112與第二金屬線路116之形成方法可為合適製程如微影蝕刻、鑲嵌、雙鑲嵌或類似製程,其組成可為合適導電材料如銅、鋁、鋁合金、銅合金或類似物。
在一實施例中,第一金屬線路112之形成方法為鑲嵌製程,先沉積遮罩於第一介電層104之表面上、蝕刻開孔至第一介電層104之表面、再將導電材料如鎢或銅填入孔洞中。值得注意的是,第一金屬線路112可包含一或多層的導電材料。舉例來說,第一金屬線路112可包含阻障層、黏著層、多層導電層、或類似物。由於形成第二金屬線路116之步驟與形成第一金屬線路112之步驟類似,在此不贅述。
在一實施例中,第一介電層104與第二介電層126具有低介電常數(k值),較佳低於約3.0。第一介電層104與第二介電層126之k值更佳低於約2.5,可稱為極低k(ELK)介電層。第一介電層104與第二介電層126可包含常用材料如含碳介電材料,且可進一步包含氮、氫、氧、或上述之組合。孔洞結構可用以降低介電材料之k值。
蓋層132係形成於第一介電層104之頂部上。蓋層132不含氮,其組成含碳與氧。蓋層132亦作為底抗反射塗層(BARC),可用於圖案化後續形成的金屬硬遮罩。蓋層132亦可稱作無氮抗反射塗層(NFARC)。蓋層132之形成方法包括化學氣相沉積(CVD)與物理氣相沉積(PVD)。然而,蓋層132之形成方法亦可為其他方法如原子層沉積(ALD)。
硬遮罩(未圖示)可形成於蓋層132之頂部上。硬遮罩可為金屬化材料如鈦、氮化鈦、氮化鉭、鋁、或類似物,或
非金屬化材料如氧化矽、碳化矽、氮化矽、或氮氧化矽。
第2至8圖係第1圖之內連線結構114之製程剖視圖。第2圖係一實施例中,形成碳層前的半導體結構之剖視圖。如第2圖所示,第一金屬線路112形成於基板102上,且第一介電層104形成於基板102上。開口202位於第一金屬線路112之頂部上,並位於第一介電層104中。開口202可為內連線結構之溝槽。
在一實施例中,第一介電層104可為低介電常數之介電材料。為保護低介電常數之介電材料不熟化學機械研磨(CMP)影響,需形成蓋層132於第一介電層104上。蓋層132可為無氮抗反射塗層(NFARC)。蓋層132之形成方法可為合適製程如CVD、PVD、ALD、或類似方法。為了進一步保護第一介電層104,可形成硬遮罩(未圖示)於蓋層132之頂部上。硬遮罩可為金屬化材料如鈦、氮化鈦、氮化鉭、鋁、或類似物,或非金屬化材料如氧化矽、碳化矽、氮化矽、或氮氧化矽。
第3圖係一實施例中,以CVD製程沉積碳層於第2圖之半導體元件後的半導體元件剖視圖。碳層係沉積於第一金屬線路112之頂部上(如第一碳層122A)、開口202之側壁上(如第一垂直碳層122B)、與蓋層132之上表面上。在一實施例中,碳層之沉積方法可為合適製程如CVD、電漿增強式CVD(PECVD)、或類似製程。
在一實施例中,當採用CVD製程時,碳氫氣體如CH4、C2H4、C2H2、或類似物將結晶形成碳層。碳層之厚度介於約1nm至約10nm之間。採用CVD製程之好處在於可形成碳層
於狹窄的開口中,比如連接兩個導電層之間的狹窄通孔。
值得注意的是,第3圖中的第一碳層122A為塗佈於第一金屬線路112之金屬表面上的單一碳層,而第一碳層122A所含的碳可與第一金屬線路112之金屬反應。如此一來,第一碳層122A可能為碳與金屬的合金。
第一碳層122A之優點,在於可作為第一金屬層112與形成於第一碳層122A頂部上的奈米碳管之間的黏著層。如此一來,可改良奈米碳管與金屬線路(如第一金屬線路112)之間的黏著力,並降低奈米碳管(見第1圖)與第一金屬線路112之間的界面電阻。
第4圖係一實施例中,對第3圖之半導體元件之開口進行催化CVD製程後的半導體元件剖視圖。在催化CVD製程中,多個催化墊可先形成於開口(見第3圖)中,再進行後續的奈米碳管成長製程。催化墊可為催化金屬如含有鐵、鎳、及鈷之氧化鋁。催化墊沉積於底層表面上的方法可為合適技術如舉離(lift-off)技術。
在舉離技術中,形成光阻層(未圖示)於底層上。在圖案化製程後,可形成多個開口於光阻層中以對應奈米碳管之預定位置。接著沉積催化金屬至光阻層與開口上,再以清洗製程移除光阻層,使位於光阻層表面上的部份催化金屬隨著光阻層被舉離清洗掉。如此一來,將形成多個催化墊(未圖示)。
奈米碳管402之成長方法可為CVD製程。在一實施例中,第4圖中的半導體元件可置於含有混合氣體(如碳氫氣體/Ar/氫氣)之爐管中。當爐管溫度上升至約400℃至約600℃時,
碳氫氣體將會分解,且碳原子將結晶於催化墊上以形成奈米碳管402。
第5圖係一實施例中,對第4圖之半導體元件進行另一CVD製程後的半導體元件剖視圖。SiO2將填滿第4圖中相鄰的奈米碳管402之間的空隙,而SiO2之形成方法可為合適製程如採用四乙氧矽烷(TEOS)之CVD、PECVD、或類似製程。如此一來,多個奈米碳管402將埋置於SiO2之間,形成內連線結構114如第5圖所示。
第6圖係一實施例中,對第5圖之半導體元件進行CMP製程後的半導體元件剖視圖。CMP製程可移除第5圖中多餘的內連線結構114,保留的部份即奈米碳管的內連線結構114。
第7圖係一實施例中,對第6圖之半導體結構進行圖案化製程後的半導體元件剖視圖。蓋層132形成於第一介電層104之頂部上,且第二介電層126形成於蓋層132上。在一實施例中,第二介電層126可為低介電常數之介電材料。在形成蓋層132與第二介電層126後,可圖案化第二介電層126。
在一實施例中,圖案化第二介電層126的方法可為微影與蝕刻製程,比如先形成微影遮罩(未圖示)於第二介電層上,再以圖案化光源曝光微影遮罩。曝光後將部份的微影遮罩移除以露出其下方的介電層,再蝕刻移除露出的介電層,即圖案化第二介電層126以形成開口702,如第7圖所示。
第8圖係一實施例中,對第7圖之半導體結構進行碳沉積與金屬化製程後的半導體元件剖視圖。碳沉積製程與第
3圖所述之碳沉積製程類似,在此不贅述。
金屬化製程可為適當製程如鑲嵌製程,先沉積導電晶種層,再將導電材料如銅或類似物填入電沉積之開口中。在將導電材料填入溝槽後,可進行CMP製程以拋光表面。
第9圖係另一實施例中,具有奈米碳管內連線結構之半導體元件之剖視圖。第9圖與第1圖類似,差別在第9圖中奈米碳管的內連線結構114並未被碳層包圍,且金屬線路(如第一金屬線路112)被第三碳層128包圍。在一實施例中,金屬線路(如第一金屬線路112與第二金屬線路116)之組成為碳與金屬的合金。藉由適當的碳擴散製程如熱製程,可讓碳與金屬合金中的碳原子,處於碳擴散狀態。如此一來,可形成薄碳層(如第三碳層128與第四碳層130)以包圍金屬線路如第一金屬線路112與第二金屬線路116。
第10至16圖係一實施例中,形成第9圖中的內連線結構的製程剖視圖。第10至16圖與第2至8圖類似,除了第10至16圖省略了碳沉積製程,且金屬線路包括碳與金屬的合金,以形成碳界面層於金屬線路及奈米碳管結構之間。在特定實施例中,進行熱製程使碳與金屬之合金中的碳原子進入碳擴散狀態。如此一來,可形成薄碳層(如第三碳層128與第四碳層130)如第11與第16圖所示。
在一實施例中,可將第10圖中的半導體元件置入腔室,並將腔室溫度提高到400℃。如此一來,碳原子將向外擴散形成薄碳層(如第三碳層128),如第11圖所示。在一實施例中,薄碳層(如第三碳層128)之厚度介於約2nm至約5nm之間。
同樣地,可在形成第11圖之第二金屬線路116後,將第11圖中的半導體元件置入腔室,並將腔室溫度提高到400℃。如此一來,碳原子將向外擴散形成薄碳層(如第四碳層130),如第16圖所示。在一實施例中,薄碳層(如第四碳層130)之厚度介於約2nm至約5nm之間。
雖然本發明已以數個較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
此外,說明書中關於製程、機制、方法、組成、功能、及步驟的特定實施例並非用以侷限本發明範疇。本技術領域中具有通常知識者應理解現有或之後發展的製程、機制、方法、組成、功能、及步驟可用於實施本發明以達實質上相同的結果或功能。綜上所述,本發明範疇如製程、機制、方法、組成、功能、及步驟應視申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
102‧‧‧基板
104‧‧‧第一介電層
112‧‧‧第一金屬線路
114‧‧‧內連線結構
116‧‧‧第二金屬線路
122A‧‧‧第一碳層
122B‧‧‧第一垂直碳層
124A‧‧‧第二碳層
124B‧‧‧第二垂直碳層
126‧‧‧第二介電層
132‧‧‧蓋層
Claims (10)
- 一種半導體裝置,包括:一第一金屬線路形成於一基板上;一第一碳層形成於該第一金屬線路上;一奈米碳管內連線形成於該第一碳層上;一第二碳層形成於該奈米碳管內連線上;以及一第二金屬線路形成於該第二碳層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體裝置,更包括:一第一垂直碳層形成於該奈米碳管內連線之第一側壁與該基板上的一第一介電層之間,其中該第一垂直碳層之厚度介於約1nm至約10nm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體裝置,更包括一第三碳層包圍該第一金屬線路,與一第四碳層包圍該第二金屬線路,其中該第三碳層之厚度介於約2nm至約5nm之間,且該第四碳層之厚度介於約2nm至約5nm之間。
- 一種半導體元件,包括:一第一介電層形成於一基板上;一第一金屬線路埋置於該第一介電層中;一第二介電層形成於該第一介電層上;一第二金屬線路埋置於該第二介電層中;一內連線結構形成於該第一金屬線路與該第二金屬線路之間;一第一碳層形成於該第一金屬線路與該內連線結構之間;以及 一第二碳層形成於該第二金屬線路與該內連線結構之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之半導體元件,其中該內連線結構包括多個奈米碳管。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之半導體元件,其中該內連線結構被一第一垂直碳層包圍,且該第一垂直碳層之厚度介於約1nm至約10nm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一金屬線路被一第三碳層包圍,且該第三碳層之厚度介於約2nm至約5nm之間,其中該第二金屬線路被一第四碳層包圍,且該第四碳層之厚度介於約2nm至約5nm之間。
- 一種半導體裝置的形成方法,包括:形成一第一金屬線路於一基板上;沉積一第一碳層於該第一金屬線路上;沉積多個催化墊於該第一碳層上;成長多個奈米碳管於該些催化墊上;沉積一介電材料於該些奈米碳管之間,以形成一內連線層;沉積一第二碳層於該內連線層上;以及形成一第二金屬線路於該第二碳層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體裝置的形成方法,更包括:以第一碳與金屬之合金形成該第一金屬線路;以及對該第一金屬線路進行一第一熱製程,以形成一第三碳層包圍該第一金屬線路。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體裝置的形成方法,更包 括:以第二碳與金屬之合金形成該第二金屬線路;以及對該第二金屬線路進行一第二熱製程,以形成一第四碳層包圍該第二金屬線路。
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US7960277B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-06-14 | Fujitsu Semiconductor Limited | Electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
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