TWI490735B - Multiple fingers touch sensing method using matching algorithm - Google Patents
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本發明係關於觸碰感測,更明確而言,係關於利用比對算則之觸碰感測方法,本方法尤其適用於感測同時發生的多點觸碰。The present invention relates to touch sensing, and more specifically to touch sensing methods using alignment algorithms, which are particularly suitable for sensing simultaneous multi-touch.
第1圖係顯示一般觸碰感測裝置1之示意圖。該觸碰感測裝置1具有一觸控面板10,其包含一感測陣列,具有行列交錯的軌條(如12與13)。軌條行13係經由觸碰感測器14檢測,而軌條列12係經由觸碰感測器16檢測。觸碰感測器14和16將指示檢測結果的感測信號發給觸碰控制器18以判定發生在觸控面板10上的一或多點觸碰的位置與強度。此種觸碰感測裝置1及其操作在此項領域中為泛知者。Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a general touch sensing device 1. The touch sensing device 1 has a touch panel 10 including a sensing array having rails (eg, 12 and 13) staggered in rows and columns. The rail row 13 is detected via the touch sensor 14, and the rail row 12 is detected via the touch sensor 16. The touch sensors 14 and 16 send a sensing signal indicating the detection result to the touch controller 18 to determine the position and intensity of one or more touches that occur on the touch panel 10. Such touch sensing device 1 and its operation are well known in the art.
舉例而言,當兩根手指同時觸碰該觸碰面板10的位置15和17,在X軸與Y軸的感測信號波形曲線係分別如第1圖之下方與左方所示。如圖所示,在Y軸之維度,由於兩個位置15和17大致上是在同一列,故波形僅有一個波峰。在X軸之維度,由於兩個觸碰位置15和17是在不同行,故波形具有兩個波峰。For example, when two fingers touch the positions 15 and 17 of the touch panel 10 at the same time, the waveforms of the sensing signals on the X-axis and the Y-axis are respectively shown below and to the left of FIG. 1 . As shown, in the dimension of the Y-axis, since the two positions 15 and 17 are substantially in the same column, the waveform has only one peak. In the X-axis dimension, since the two touch positions 15 and 17 are in different rows, the waveform has two peaks.
藉由觀察感測信號的波形,可得知觸碰位置。理想上,當有兩個觸碰發生在不同的行或列,波形將會出現「波峰-波谷-波峰」的曲線。亦即,在波形曲線中有兩個極大值以及一個極小值出現在兩者之間。第2圖顯示兩個觸碰發生時之感測信號的各種波形曲線。圖表(a)顯示理想狀況。如所示,波形具有顯現為「波峰-波谷-波峰」的曲線。兩個波峰分別表示此維度中兩個觸碰位置的座標,而波谷表示兩個觸碰位置之間的空間。然而,實作上,波形可能並不如此完美。圖表(b)顯示感測信號受到雜訊干擾的狀況。如可見者。因為雜訊,使得波谷消失不見。在此情況下,難以區分兩個觸碰位置。圖表(c)顯示兩個觸碰位置太過接近以致兩個波峰彼此重疊的狀況。在此種情況下,亦難以區分兩個觸碰位置。The position of the touch can be known by observing the waveform of the sensing signal. Ideally, when two touches occur in different rows or columns, the waveform will show a "crest-valley-peak" curve. That is, there are two maxima and one minima in the waveform curve appearing between the two. Figure 2 shows the various waveforms of the sensed signals when two touches occur. Chart (a) shows the ideal situation. As shown, the waveform has a curve that appears as "peak-valley-peak". The two peaks represent the coordinates of the two touch locations in this dimension, while the valleys represent the space between the two touch locations. However, in practice, the waveform may not be so perfect. Figure (b) shows the condition that the sensing signal is disturbed by noise. As visible. Because of the noise, the trough disappeared. In this case, it is difficult to distinguish between two touch positions. Graph (c) shows a situation in which the two touch positions are too close so that the two peaks overlap each other. In this case, it is also difficult to distinguish between two touch positions.
習知技術中,係藉由以下的中心點公式計算位置以用於找出觸碰位置:In the prior art, the position is calculated by the following center point formula for finding the touch position:
其中X touch 為觸碰位置的座標,X [i ]為第i 條線(如:第i 行)的座標,W [i ]為第i 條線的信號幅度,i 起始於一觸碰區域的起始點並結束於該觸碰區域的結束點。此種方式容易受到雜訊干擾,亦即,所計算出的位置可能因為雜訊而漂移。Wherein X touch coordinate of the touch position, X [i] is the i th line: signal amplitude (e.g., the i-th row) coordinates, W [i] for the i-th line, i of a touch region starting from The starting point ends at the end of the touch area. This method is susceptible to noise interference, that is, the calculated position may drift due to noise.
因此,希望有方法能夠更有效而精確地判斷發生在觸控面板等的觸碰位置,即使當觸碰位置彼此很接近時亦不會受到雜訊干擾。Therefore, it is desirable to have a method for more effectively and accurately determining the touch position occurring on a touch panel or the like, even when the touch positions are close to each other, and are not disturbed by noise.
本發明之一目的在於提供一種觸碰感測方法,其可有效精確檢測觸控面板等之觸碰感測器的觸碰位置。An object of the present invention is to provide a touch sensing method that can accurately and accurately detect a touch position of a touch sensor such as a touch panel.
根據本發明之一方面,用於檢測觸碰感測器之觸碰位置的觸碰感測方法包含提供代表一理想觸碰的一參考觸碰波形曲線;從觸碰感測器擷取感測信號;藉由移動該參考觸碰波形曲線而比對該參考觸碰波形曲線與該感測信號以找出最佳結果;以及對應該最佳結果,從該參考觸碰波形曲線確認觸碰位置。According to one aspect of the invention, a touch sensing method for detecting a touch position of a touch sensor includes providing a reference touch waveform representing an ideal touch; capturing the sensing from the touch sensor a signal; by moving the reference touch waveform to compare the waveform with the sensed signal to find the best result; and corresponding to the best result, confirming the touch position from the reference touch waveform .
根據本發明之另一方面,用於檢測觸碰感測器之觸碰位置的觸碰感測方法包含提供代表一理想觸碰的一參考觸碰波形曲線;從觸碰感測器擷取感測信號;合成複數個參考觸碰波形曲線以組成一理想組合波形曲線;藉由改變組成該理想組合波形曲線的該等參考觸碰波形曲線之中心點來比對該理想組合波形曲線與該感測信號以找出最佳結果;以及對應該最佳結果,從該理想組合波形曲線確認觸碰位置。According to another aspect of the present invention, a touch sensing method for detecting a touch position of a touch sensor includes providing a reference touch waveform representing an ideal touch; capturing a sense from the touch sensor Measuring a signal; synthesizing a plurality of reference touch waveform curves to form an ideal combined waveform curve; comparing the ideal combined waveform curve with the sense by changing a center point of the reference touch waveform curves constituting the ideal combined waveform curve The signal is measured to find the best result; and the best result is obtained, and the touch position is confirmed from the ideal combined waveform.
比對可藉由計算該參考觸碰波形曲線或是由複數個參考觸碰波形曲線組成的理想組合波形曲線與該感測信號的相關度實行。或者,比對可藉由計算該參考觸碰波形曲線或是由複數個參考觸碰波形曲線組成的理想組合波形曲線與該感測信號之間的差異而實行。The comparison can be performed by calculating the reference touch waveform curve or the correlation between the ideal combined waveform curve composed of a plurality of reference touch waveform curves and the sensed signal. Alternatively, the comparison can be performed by calculating the reference touch waveform curve or the difference between the ideal combined waveform curve composed of a plurality of reference touch waveform curves and the sensed signal.
為讓本發明之上述內容能更明顯易懂,下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:In order to make the above-mentioned contents of the present invention more comprehensible, the preferred embodiments are described below, and the detailed description is as follows:
第3圖係顯示兩個觸碰之理想波形曲線以及有兩個觸碰的感測信號波形。於此例中,兩個觸碰發生在X軸維度的不同座標上。為了簡單與清楚起見,將不討論Y軸維度。然而,熟知此項技藝者當可理解Y軸維度的情況係與X軸維度類似。於第3圖中,波形曲線32表示第一觸碰,而波形曲線34表示第二觸碰。該等觸碰係可以手指或其他物件行之。兩個觸碰同時發生在不同的X軸座標上。如所示,第一波形曲線32的中心點係在位置u,而第二波形曲線34的中心點係在位置v。波形曲線32和34為理想波形曲線。實作上,係檢測具有一波形曲線38的感測信號,理想狀況中,其大致為第一與第二觸碰波形曲線32與34的總和。Figure 3 shows the ideal waveform of two touches and the waveform of the sensing signal with two touches. In this example, two touches occur on different coordinates of the X-axis dimension. For simplicity and clarity, the Y-axis dimension will not be discussed. However, it is well known to those skilled in the art that the Y-axis dimension is similar to the X-axis dimension. In Figure 3, waveform 32 represents the first touch and waveform 34 represents the second touch. These touches can be done with fingers or other objects. Both touches occur simultaneously on different X-axis coordinates. As shown, the center point of the first waveform 32 is at position u, and the center point of the second waveform 34 is at position v. Waveform curves 32 and 34 are ideal waveform curves. In practice, a sense signal having a waveform 38 is detected, which is ideally the sum of the first and second touch waveforms 32 and 34.
於本發明中,係預先儲存一參考觸碰波形曲線。該參考觸碰波形曲線為理想觸碰波形曲線,如第一觸碰波形曲線32或第二觸碰波形曲線34。舉例而言,當u=3時,表示參考觸碰波形曲線的中心點在第三條線。對於兩個觸碰的狀況,該參考觸碰波形曲線被複製並以不同間隔距離配置以與該感測信號波形曲線38比較。藉由如此,即使當有雜訊時或是當兩個觸碰發生在接近的位置時,亦可辨識兩個觸碰的中心點。In the present invention, a reference touch waveform is stored in advance. The reference touch waveform curve is an ideal touch waveform curve, such as a first touch waveform curve 32 or a second touch waveform curve 34. For example, when u=3, it indicates that the center point of the reference touch waveform is at the third line. For two touch conditions, the reference touch waveform is copied and configured at different spaced distances for comparison with the sense signal waveform 38. By doing so, the center points of the two touches can be recognized even when there is noise or when two touches occur in close proximity.
藉由逐步移動兩個參考觸碰波形曲線32和34,亦即,改變u和v的位置,並且比較該等參考觸碰波形曲線32、34與該感測信號波形曲線38,可獲得最接近的結果。造成最接近結果的一組(u,v)即表示兩個觸碰的中心點位置。The closest is obtained by gradually moving the two reference touch waveforms 32 and 34, i.e., changing the positions of u and v, and comparing the reference touch waveforms 32, 34 with the sense signal waveform 38. the result of. The set (u, v) that results in the closest result represents the center point position of the two touches.
為了決定u的移動範圍與v的移動範圍,係如第3圖所示般設定一個臨界值。該臨界值的位準係被設定成可劃分觸碰狀態與非觸碰狀態。該臨界值與該感測信號波形曲線在兩個點相交,此二點的X軸座標分別為Wa和Wb。該點Wa為搜尋觸碰位置的起始點,而該點Wb為搜尋觸碰位置的結束點。亦即,搜尋觸碰位置的有效範圍係定義為[Wa,Wb]。於此圖中,點Wm為Wa與Wb之間的中點。亦即,Wm的座標為Wm=(Wa+Wb)/2。In order to determine the range of movement of u and the range of movement of v, a threshold value is set as shown in FIG. The level of the threshold is set to divide the touch state from the non-touch state. The threshold intersects the sensing signal waveform at two points, and the X-axis coordinates of the two points are Wa and Wb, respectively. The point Wa is the starting point of the search for the touch position, and the point Wb is the end point of the search for the touch position. That is, the effective range of the search touch position is defined as [Wa, Wb]. In this figure, the point Wm is the midpoint between Wa and Wb. That is, the coordinates of Wm are Wm=(Wa+Wb)/2.
一般而言,u的位置可藉由在從Wa到Wm的範圍裡搜尋而找到,而v的位置可藉由在從Wm到Wb的範圍裡搜尋而找到。然而,為了確保搜尋結果為最佳,u和v的搜尋範圍可稍微擴展。例如,為了找到u的位置,搜尋範圍可擴展為[Wa,Wm+1];為了找到v的位置,搜尋範圍可擴展為[Wm-1,Wb]。舉一個例子,如果由臨界值所決定的起始點Wa以及結束點Wb分別為9和16,亦即搜尋範圍為[9,16],此搜尋範圍可於起始與結束擴展2。因此,調整厚的搜尋範圍變成[9-2,16+2]=[7,18]。In general, the position of u can be found by searching in the range from Wa to Wm, and the position of v can be found by searching in the range from Wm to Wb. However, in order to ensure that the search results are optimal, the search range of u and v can be slightly expanded. For example, in order to find the position of u, the search range can be expanded to [Wa, Wm+1]; in order to find the position of v, the search range can be expanded to [Wm-1, Wb]. As an example, if the starting point Wa and the ending point Wb determined by the threshold are 9 and 16, respectively, that is, the search range is [9, 16], the search range can be expanded by 2 at the start and end. Therefore, the adjustment of the thick search range becomes [9-2, 16+2] = [7, 18].
第4圖顯示兩個參考觸碰波形曲線32、34之中心點的不同相對位置。由兩個參考觸碰波形曲線所組成的理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )可表示為:Figure 4 shows the different relative positions of the center points of the two reference touch waveforms 32, 34. The ideal combined waveform curve IP( i , j ) consisting of two reference touch waveforms can be expressed as:
IP(i ,j )=Su(i )⊕Sv(j ) (2)IP( i , j )=Su( i )⊕Sv( j ) (2)
其中Su(i )為觸碰波形曲線32,其中心點在位置i (亦即,i =u);Sv(j )為觸碰波形曲線34,其中心點在位置j (亦即,j =v)。變數i 和j 係在上述的搜尋範圍內。Where Su( i ) is the touch waveform curve 32 whose center point is at position i (i.e., i = u); Sv( j ) is the touch waveform curve 34 whose center point is at position j (i.e., j = v). The variables i and j are within the above search range.
於第4圖中,顯示了六種理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j ),包括IP(Wa,Wm-1)=Su(Wa)⊕Sv(Wm-1)、IP(Wa,Wm)=Su(Wa)⊕Sv(Wm)、IP(Wa+1,Wm-1)=Su(Wa+1)⊕Sv(Wm-1)、IP(Wa+1,Wm)=Su(Wa+1)⊕Sv(Wm)、IP(Wa+2,Wm-1)=Su(Wa+2)⊕Sv(Wm-1)、以及IP(Wa+2,Wm)=Su(Wa+2)⊕Sv(Wm)。各理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )係與感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2)比對以獲取最佳結果,其中x1和x2為兩個實際觸碰的中心點位置。In Figure 4, six ideal combined waveforms IP( i , j ) are shown, including IP(Wa, Wm-1)=Su(Wa)⊕Sv(Wm-1), IP(Wa,Wm)= Su(Wa)⊕Sv(Wm), IP(Wa+1,Wm-1)=Su(Wa+1)⊕Sv(Wm-1), IP(Wa+1,Wm)=Su(Wa+1) ⊕Sv(Wm), IP(Wa+2, Wm-1)=Su(Wa+2)⊕Sv(Wm-1), and IP(Wa+2,Wm)=Su(Wa+2)⊕Sv( Wm). Each ideal combination waveform curve IP( i , j ) is compared with the sensing signal waveform curve W(x1, x2) to obtain the best result, where x1 and x2 are the center point positions of the two actual touches.
各種理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )與感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2)之比對可利用任何適當算則實施,諸如相關性運算、SAD(絕對差值總和)或MSE(均方差)。當採用相關性運算時,係計算W(x1,x2)*(Su(i )⊕Sv(j ))之加總,而最大結果即為最佳結果。當採用SAD或MSE時,係計算各種理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )與感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2)之間的差值。因此,最小結果為最佳結果。The ratio of the various ideal combination waveforms IP( i , j ) to the sense signal waveform W(x1, x2) can be implemented using any suitable algorithm, such as correlation operations, SAD (absolute difference sum) or MSE (both variance). When a correlation operation is used, the sum of W(x1, x2)*(Su( i )⊕Sv( j )) is calculated, and the maximum result is the best result. When SAD or MSE is used, the difference between the various ideal combination waveforms IP( i , j ) and the sensing signal waveform W(x1, x2) is calculated. Therefore, the minimum result is the best result.
於本實施例中係採用SAD算則。SAD算則可表示為:In the present embodiment, the SAD algorithm is employed. The SAD algorithm can be expressed as:
其中N為SAD映對圖中點的數目(亦即(i ,j )之組數),亦即位置u和v之組合的數目。Where N is the number of points in the SAD map (ie, the number of sets of ( i , j )), that is, the number of combinations of positions u and v.
u和v的值係逐步改變以合成出各種理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )。計算各個IP(i ,j )與感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2)之間的SAD結果以構成包含不同組(u,v)之各個SAD結果的SAD映對圖。在此SAD映對圖中,最小結果即為最佳結果,且對應此最小結果的一組(u,v)即表示估計的觸碰位置。The values of u and v are gradually changed to synthesize various ideal combined waveforms IP( i , j ). The SAD results between the respective IP( i , j ) and the sensed signal waveform W(x1, x2) are calculated to form a SAD map pair containing the respective SAD results for the different sets (u, v). In this SAD mapping, the minimum result is the best result, and a set (u, v) corresponding to this minimum result represents the estimated touch position.
如上所述,可採用其他算則,諸如MSE以及相關性運算。MSE算則可表示如下:As mentioned above, other algorithms such as MSE and correlation operations can be employed. The MSE algorithm can be expressed as follows:
相關性運算可表示如下:The correlation operation can be expressed as follows:
表示理想組合波形曲線IP之公式(2)係可稱為參考觸碰波形曲線合成公式,並可進一步表示為:The formula (2) representing the ideal combined waveform curve IP can be called a reference touch waveform curve synthesis formula, and can be further expressed as:
IP(i ,j )=Su(i )⊕Sv(j )=IP(i,j )=Su(i )+Sv(j )+k *Su(i )*Sv(j ) (6)IP( i , j )=Su( i )⊕Sv( j )=IP( i,j )=Su( i )+Sv( j )+ k *Su( i )*Sv( j ) (6)
其中k 表示兩個參考觸碰波形曲線32和34之間的耦合度,亦即兩個參考觸碰波形曲線32和34的重疊程度。當k =0時,意謂兩個參考觸碰波形曲線各自獨立而可直接加在一起。Where k represents the degree of coupling between the two reference touch waveforms 32 and 34, that is, the degree of overlap of the two reference touch waveforms 32 and 34. When k =0, it means that the two reference touch waveforms are independent and can be directly added together.
第5圖係顯示兩個參考觸碰波形曲線32和34的u和v之各種組合的SAD映對圖。在此SAD映對圖中,係選定一初點50(亦即一組特定的(u,v))實行搜尋以找出最小結果55。如所示,u的搜尋範圍係決定為[Wa,Wm+1],v的搜尋範圍係決定為[Wm-1,Wb]。如果初點50選擇適當,則可迅速獲取最小結果55。Figure 5 is a SAD mapping of various combinations of u and v for two reference touch waveforms 32 and 34. In this SAD mapping, a preliminary point 50 (i.e., a specific set of (u, v)) is selected to perform a search to find the minimum result 55. As shown, the search range of u is determined to be [Wa, Wm+1], and the search range of v is determined to be [Wm-1, Wb]. If the initial point 50 is selected appropriately, the minimum result 55 can be quickly obtained.
為了從SAD映對圖找出最小結果,可利用各種已知方法。除了全搜尋法以外,一些快速搜尋法亦適用,諸如最陡梯度搜尋法、三步搜尋法、菱形搜尋法等。In order to find the minimum result from the SAD mapping, various known methods can be utilized. In addition to the full search method, some quick search methods are also applicable, such as the steepest gradient search method, the three-step search method, and the diamond search method.
第6圖係顯示最陡梯度搜尋法用於本發明之示意圖。如已知者,在選定一初點60(亦即一組特定(u,v))之後,係檢查SAD映對圖中該初點60周圍的八個最近的點以及該初點60,以從這九點中找出相對最小結果。而後,搜尋進一步朝相對最小結果的方向實行,檢查該相對最小結果附近的三個點。可能的狀況係如圖中下方所示。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the steepest gradient search method used in the present invention. As is known, after selecting a preliminary point 60 (i.e., a set of specific (u, v)), the system checks the eight nearest points around the initial point 60 in the SAD map and the initial point 60 to Find the relative minimum results from these nine points. The search then proceeds further towards the direction of the relatively least result, examining the three points near the relatively least result. The possible conditions are shown at the bottom of the figure.
為了搜尋最佳的點(亦即最佳結果),除了每次移動u或v之位置一個單位之外,亦可以1/2單位來移動位置,例如1/2畫素甚至1/4畫素。如果u或v的位置每次移動1/2畫素,則可達1/2畫素的解析度。如果u或v的位置每次移動1/4畫素,則可達1/4畫素的解析度。In order to search for the best point (that is, the best result), in addition to moving one position of u or v each time, you can also move the position by 1/2 unit, such as 1/2 pixel or even 1/4 pixel. . If the position of u or v is moved by 1/2 pixel each time, the resolution of 1/2 pixel can be achieved. If the position of u or v moves by 1/4 pixel each time, the resolution of 1/4 pixel can be achieved.
第7圖係顯示三步搜尋法用於本發明之示意圖。在選定一初點70(亦即一組特定(u,v))之後,係檢查該初點70周圍於上、下、左、右、左上、左下、右上、右下方向之相隔預定間距的八個點以及該初點70,以決定一個相對較佳點。而後,係檢查在該相對較佳點周圍之該等八個方向的另八個點以及該相對較佳點以找出第二相對較佳點。依此類推。最後,可決定最終最佳點。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the three-step search method used in the present invention. After selecting a first point 70 (ie, a group of specific (u, v)), the first point 70 is examined in the upper, lower, left, right, upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right directions at predetermined intervals. Eight points and the initial point 70 are used to determine a relatively good point. Then, the other eight points in the eight directions around the relatively preferred point and the relatively preferred points are examined to find the second relatively preferred point. So on and so forth. Finally, you can decide the final best point.
第8圖係顯示四個圖表,闡示根據本發明之方法的實施範例。圖表(a)顯示一感測信號之波形,縱軸為信號幅度,橫軸為位置。係如上述般利用一臨界值以界定搜尋範圍。於本例中,得到的是Wa=9,Wb=16。為了確保可完成最佳比對,該範圍在起始於結束處延展2。亦即,調整過的搜尋範圍為[Wa-2,Wb+2]=[9-2,16+2]=[7,18]。圖表(b)為圖表(a)的局部放大。圖表(c)為本例中藉由上述之SAD算則比對該感測信號波形與在不同位置之兩個參考觸碰波形曲線所得到的SAD映對圖。藉由利用全搜尋法或快速搜尋法搜尋該SAD圖,最小結果出現在(u=11,v=14)。亦即,座標11和14為兩個手指觸碰的估計位置。圖表(d)顯示兩個參考觸碰波形曲線82、84,其各為類高斯波形。波形曲線86表示理想組合波形曲線IP(11,14),其係藉由合成兩個參考觸碰波形曲線Su(11)82和Sv(14)84而得。如可見者,圖表(b)中的感測信號波形與理想組合波形曲線IP(11,14)86非常近似。Figure 8 shows four diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention. The graph (a) shows the waveform of a sensing signal, with the vertical axis being the signal amplitude and the horizontal axis being the position. A threshold is used as described above to define the search range. In this example, we get Wa=9 and Wb=16. To ensure that the best alignment can be done, the range is extended by 2 at the beginning. That is, the adjusted search range is [Wa-2, Wb+2] = [9-2, 16+2] = [7, 18]. Graph (b) is a partial enlargement of graph (a). Figure (c) is a SAD mapping of the SAD algorithm in the present example compared to the sense signal waveform and the two reference touch waveform curves at different positions. By searching for the SAD map using the full search method or the fast search method, the minimum result appears at (u=11, v=14). That is, coordinates 11 and 14 are estimated positions at which two fingers touch. Graph (d) shows two reference touch waveform curves 82, 84, each of which is a Gaussian waveform. Waveform curve 86 represents an ideal combined waveform curve IP (11, 14) obtained by synthesizing two reference touch waveform curves Su(11) 82 and Sv(14) 84. As can be seen, the sensed signal waveform in graph (b) is very similar to the ideal combined waveform curve IP(11, 14) 86.
應注意的是諸如相關性計算、SAD、MSE等比對方法本質上具有對雜訊免疫的特性。於第8圖所示的例子中,信號雜訊比(SNR)為10。然而,如可知者,SAD映對圖具有雜訊免疫的特性。可獲取最小結果的位置而不被雜訊顯著影響。It should be noted that comparison methods such as correlation calculation, SAD, MSE, etc., are inherently immune to noise. In the example shown in Fig. 8, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 10. However, as can be seen, the SAD mapping has the characteristics of noise immunity. The location where the smallest result can be obtained without significant impact by noise.
第9圖係顯示四個圖表,闡示根據本發明之方法的另一實施範例。此四個圖表係對應第8圖的圖表,因此相關詳細說明在此省略亦避免冗贅。於本例中,兩個手指觸碰的位置彼此太接近以致波形曲線合併在一起。如圖表(d)所示,從SAD映對圖中所得之最小結果的兩個位置非常接近,以致兩個參考觸碰波形曲線92和94非常接近。結果,藉由合成該等兩個參考觸碰波形曲線92和94所得到的理想組合波形曲線96並不具有「波峰-波谷-波峰」的形狀。然而,藉由利用本發明之方法,在此種狀況下仍然可得到正確的觸碰位置。Figure 9 shows four diagrams illustrating another embodiment of the method in accordance with the present invention. These four charts correspond to the chart of Fig. 8, so the detailed description is omitted here and avoids redundancy. In this example, the two fingers touched each other too close to each other so that the waveforms merged together. As shown in the table (d), the two positions of the minimum result obtained from the SAD mapping are very close, so that the two reference touch waveforms 92 and 94 are very close. As a result, the ideal combined waveform curve 96 obtained by synthesizing the two reference touch waveform curves 92 and 94 does not have the shape of "peak-valley-peak". However, by using the method of the present invention, the correct touch position can still be obtained under such conditions.
本發明之方法當利用全搜尋而實施時可歸結為第10圖所示之流程圖。第10圖係顯示本發明之方法於利用全搜尋判定兩個手指觸碰位置時的流程圖。於步驟S110,係決定用以實行比對操作的邊界。如所述,可藉由對一感測信號設定一臨界值而獲取一起始點Wa以及一結束點Wb。此外可得一中點Wm=(Wa+Wb)/2。The method of the present invention can be summarized as the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 when implemented by a full search. Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the method of the present invention for determining the position of two finger touches using a full search. In step S110, the boundary for performing the comparison operation is determined. As described, a starting point Wa and an ending point Wb can be obtained by setting a threshold for a sensing signal. In addition, a midpoint Wm=(Wa+Wb)/2 can be obtained.
於步驟S120,係稍微擴展該邊界而設定搜尋範圍。舉例而言,尋找第一手指觸碰位置u之搜尋範圍可設定為[Wa,Wm+1],而尋找第二手指觸碰位置v之搜尋範圍可設定為[Wm-1,Wb]。In step S120, the boundary is slightly extended to set the search range. For example, the search range for finding the first finger touch position u can be set to [Wa, Wm+1], and the search range for finding the second finger touch position v can be set to [Wm-1, Wb].
於步驟S130,從例如觸控面板之觸碰感測器擷取一感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2),其中x1及x2表示兩個手指觸碰的位置。藉由合成兩個參考觸碰波形曲線Su(i )與Sv(j )而產生一理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j ),其中在本例中Wa≦i ≦Wm+1且Wm-1≦j ≦Wb。藉由改變位置u與v的i 與j 值,可獲取多個理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )。藉由利用任何合適的算則比對感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2)與該等IP(i ,j )以得到一映對圖MAP(u,v)(例如SAD映對圖)。在步驟S140,在映對圖MAP(u,v)搜尋最佳結果。對應該最佳結果的特定一組(u,v)即表示實際的手指觸碰位置。In step S130, a sensing signal waveform curve W(x1, x2) is captured from a touch sensor such as a touch panel, where x1 and x2 indicate positions where two fingers touch. An ideal combined waveform IP( i , j ) is generated by synthesizing two reference touch waveforms Su( i ) and Sv( j ), where in this example Wa≦ i ≦Wm+1 and Wm-1≦ j ≦Wb. By changing the i and j values of the positions u and v, a plurality of ideal combined waveforms IP( i , j ) can be obtained. The paired maps MAP(u,v) (e.g., SAD maps) are obtained by comparing the sensed signal waveforms W(x1, x2) with the IP( i , j ) using any suitable algorithm. In step S140, the best result is searched for in the map MAP(u, v). The specific set of (u, v) corresponding to the best result represents the actual finger touch position.
第11圖係顯示本發明之方法於利用快速搜尋判定兩個手指觸碰位置時的流程圖。於步驟S210,係決定用以實行比對操作的邊界。如所述,可藉由對一感測信號設定一臨界值而獲取一起始點Wa以及一結束點Wb。此外可得一中點Wm=(Wa+Wb)/2。於步驟S220,係選定一搜尋初點(亦即一組特定的(u,v)),並選定搜尋步階。如果搜尋步階選定為一個畫素,則解析度即達一個畫素。如果搜尋步階選定為1/4畫素,則解析度即達1/4畫素。於本例中,選擇(u=(Wa+Wm)/2,v=(Wm+Wb)/2))作為始點,且搜尋步驟為1。於步驟S230,利用諸如最陡梯度搜尋法、三步搜尋法等快速搜尋法從感測信號波形曲線W(x1,x2)與理想組合波形曲線IP(i ,j )之比對映對圖中從該始點開始尋找最佳結果。Figure 11 is a flow chart showing the method of the present invention for determining the position of two finger touches using a quick search. In step S210, a boundary for performing the comparison operation is determined. As described, a starting point Wa and an ending point Wb can be obtained by setting a threshold for a sensing signal. In addition, a midpoint Wm=(Wa+Wb)/2 can be obtained. In step S220, a search initial point (ie, a specific set of (u, v)) is selected, and the search step is selected. If the search step is selected as a pixel, the resolution is one pixel. If the search step is selected as 1/4 pixel, the resolution is 1/4 pixel. In this example, (u = (Wa + Wm) / 2, v = (Wm + Wb) / 2)) is selected as the starting point, and the search step is 1. In step S230, the fast search method such as the steepest gradient search method and the three-step search method is used to map the ratio of the sensing signal waveform curve W(x1, x2) to the ideal combined waveform curve IP( i , j ). Look for the best results from this starting point.
參考觸碰波形曲線可以各種方式取得。例如,可預先測量一觸碰波形曲線,並將所測得的波形曲線的多個點的信號位準值以查找表的形式儲存於產品之記憶體中,諸如唯讀記憶體、快閃等記憶體等。開始使用時,可從該查找表讀取該等多點的信號位準值。The reference touch waveform can be obtained in various ways. For example, a touch waveform curve may be measured in advance, and the signal level values of the plurality of points of the measured waveform curve are stored in a memory of the product in the form of a lookup table, such as a read-only memory, a flash, or the like. Memory, etc. When starting to use, the signal level values of the multipoints can be read from the lookup table.
參考觸碰波形曲線可由數學式產生,例如高斯分佈,其表示為:The reference touch waveform can be generated by a mathematical formula, such as a Gaussian distribution, which is expressed as:
其中S 為參考觸碰波形曲線,i 為位置(例如第i 條線),u 為參考觸碰波形曲線S 的中心點,σ為理想手指或其他物件的寬度。手指寬度愈大,參數σ愈大。Where S is the reference touch waveform, i is the position (for example, the ith line), u is the center point of the reference touch waveform S , and σ is the width of the ideal finger or other object. The larger the finger width, the larger the parameter σ.
不然,參考觸碰波形曲線可藉由動態收集實際手指觸碰波形曲線的統計資料而得到或加以調整。Otherwise, the reference touch waveform can be obtained or adjusted by dynamically collecting statistics of actual finger touch waveforms.
本發明之方法尤適用於決定多點觸碰的位置判定。然而,本發明亦可應用於判定單一觸碰的位置。第12圖係顯示一個觸碰之理想波形曲線與一個觸碰之感測信號波形。於圖中,參考觸碰波形曲線係以圖號82表示,感測信號波形曲線以圖號88表示。如同兩個觸碰的情況,給定信號幅度的一個臨界值以決定一搜尋範圍。感測信號波形曲線88與該臨界值相交的兩點對應一起始點Wa以及一結束點Wb。因此,搜尋範圍即設定為[Wa,Wb]。如上所述,搜尋範圍可微幅擴展。移動參考觸碰波形曲線Su(i )82,亦即變更變數i 。感測信號波形曲線88係與移動的參考觸碰波形曲線Su(i )82比對以找出最佳匹配。該參考觸碰波形曲線Su(i )82可每次移動一個畫素、1/2畫素或1/4畫素。如果採用快速搜尋法,起始點Wa與結束點Wb之間的中點Wm一般來說會是適當的搜尋初點。The method of the present invention is particularly useful for determining the position determination of a multi-touch. However, the present invention is also applicable to determining the position of a single touch. Figure 12 shows the ideal waveform of a touch and the waveform of the sensing signal of a touch. In the figure, the reference touch waveform is represented by reference numeral 82, and the sensing signal waveform is indicated by reference numeral 88. As in the case of two touches, a threshold value of the signal amplitude is given to determine a search range. The two points at which the sensing signal waveform 88 intersects the threshold correspond to a starting point Wa and an ending point Wb. Therefore, the search range is set to [Wa, Wb]. As mentioned above, the search range can be expanded slightly. The moving reference touches the waveform curve Su( i )82, that is, changes the variable i . The sense signal waveform 88 is aligned with the moving reference touch waveform Su( i ) 82 to find the best match. The reference touch waveform Su( i ) 82 can move one pixel, 1/2 pixel or 1/4 pixel at a time. If the fast search method is employed, the midpoint Wm between the starting point Wa and the ending point Wb will generally be an appropriate search starting point.
可推知本發明亦可應用於判定三或更多個觸碰的位置。在此種狀況下,應提供三或更多個參考觸碰波形曲線,且在三維或更高維度的映對圖(例如SAD映對圖)中尋找最佳答案。如果決定了適當的搜尋範圍並選定適當的初點,該等觸碰的觸碰位置可藉由利用諸如上述最陡梯度搜尋法等快速搜尋法迅速找出。It can be inferred that the present invention can also be applied to determining the position of three or more touches. In this case, three or more reference touch waveforms should be provided and the best answer should be found in a three-dimensional or higher dimensional mapping (eg, SAD mapping). If an appropriate search range is determined and an appropriate first point is selected, the touch position of the touch can be quickly found by using a quick search method such as the steepest gradient search method described above.
第13圖係顯示兩個觸碰的分開狀況與重疊狀況。圖中上方的圖表顯示兩個觸碰波形曲線92和94於時間T-n彼此分開。該等兩個觸碰朝向彼此移動。於時間T,該兩個觸碰波形曲線92和94彼此重疊,產生如所示之組合波形曲線98。如可見者,該波形曲線98並不具有「波峰-波谷-波峰」的形狀。反之,該波形曲線98為類高斯波形。然而,波形曲線98之信號寬度與信號高度明顯大於單一觸碰的波形曲線92或94。因此,即使當感測信號波形曲線無法清楚表示出兩個波峰時,亦可藉由針對信號寬度與高度設定適當的限值th1和th2而判斷在特定觸碰區域發生的觸碰事件是單一觸碰或兩個觸碰。當判斷為兩個觸碰的事件時,係啟動上述的雙觸碰感測程序。當已知在先前狀態有發生兩個分開的手指觸碰時,亦可啟動雙觸碰感測程序。Figure 13 shows the separation and overlap of the two touches. The upper graph in the figure shows that the two touch waveform curves 92 and 94 are separated from each other at time T-n. The two touches move toward each other. At time T, the two touch waveforms 92 and 94 overlap each other, resulting in a combined waveform 98 as shown. As can be seen, the waveform 98 does not have the shape of "peak-valley-peak". Conversely, the waveform 98 is a Gaussian-like waveform. However, the signal width and signal height of waveform 98 is significantly greater than the single touch waveform 92 or 94. Therefore, even when the sensing signal waveform cannot clearly indicate two peaks, it can be judged that the touch event occurring in the specific touch region is a single touch by setting appropriate limits th1 and th2 for the signal width and height. Touch or two touches. When it is determined that there are two touch events, the above-described double touch sensing program is activated. A dual touch sensing procedure can also be initiated when it is known that two separate finger touches have occurred in the previous state.
第14圖係顯示用於決定是否啟動多點觸碰感測程序之方法流程圖。於步驟S310,輸入一觸碰區域。於此觸碰區域中,感測信號指出至少有一個觸碰發生。於步驟S320,檢查是否滿足下列條件任何一者:(1)在先前狀態(例如於時間T-n)有兩個分開的手指觸碰;(2)該感測信號之信號寬度大於一信號寬度限值th1;及(3)該感測信號之信號高度大於一信號高度限值th2。當至少滿足上述三個條件之一時,則在步驟S330啟動上述的多點觸碰感測程序以找出觸碰位置。於步驟S340,係輸出估計的觸碰位置。Figure 14 is a flow chart showing the method for deciding whether to initiate a multi-touch test procedure. In step S310, a touch area is input. In this touch area, the sense signal indicates that at least one touch has occurred. In step S320, it is checked whether any of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there are two separate finger touches in the previous state (for example, at time Tn); (2) the signal width of the sensing signal is greater than a signal width limit. Th1; and (3) the signal height of the sensing signal is greater than a signal height limit th2. When at least one of the above three conditions is satisfied, the above-described multi-touch detection program is started in step S330 to find the touch position. In step S340, the estimated touch position is output.
第15圖顯示用於感測不同區域之觸碰的方法。左側顯示流程圖,右側顯示對應程序各步驟的波形圖。於步驟S410,輸入一感測信號。該感測信號之波形係顯示於右側。於步驟S420,確認觸碰區域。於本例中,感測信號指出有兩個觸碰區域:觸碰區域1和觸碰區域2。於步驟S430,藉由第14圖所示的程序確認各區域的觸碰數。舉例而言,於本例中,判定在觸碰區域1中有一個手指觸碰,而在觸碰區域2中有兩個手指觸碰。於步驟S440,實行上述之本發明的觸碰感測方法,分別利用單一參考觸碰波形曲線與觸碰區域1中的感測信號波形曲線做比對而對觸碰區域1,及利用兩個參考觸碰波形曲線與觸碰區域2中的感測信號波形曲線做比對而對觸碰區域2,以找出觸碰位置。於步驟S450,輸出觸碰區域1之觸碰位置的估計中心點以及觸碰區域2之觸碰位置的估計中心點。Figure 15 shows a method for sensing touches in different areas. The flow chart is displayed on the left side and the waveform chart corresponding to each step of the program is displayed on the right side. In step S410, a sensing signal is input. The waveform of the sensing signal is shown on the right side. In step S420, the touch area is confirmed. In this example, the sense signal indicates that there are two touch areas: touch area 1 and touch area 2. In step S430, the number of touches in each area is confirmed by the program shown in Fig. 14. For example, in this example, it is determined that one finger touches in the touch area 1, and two fingers touches in the touch area 2. In step S440, the touch sensing method of the present invention described above is implemented, and the touch region 1 is compared with the sensing signal waveform curve in the touch region 1 by using a single reference touch waveform curve, and two The reference touch waveform curve is compared with the sensing signal waveform curve in the touch area 2 to the touch area 2 to find the touch position. In step S450, the estimated center point of the touch position of the touch area 1 and the estimated center point of the touch position of the touch area 2 are output.
雖然本發明已就較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the invention has been described above in terms of the preferred embodiments, the invention is not intended to limit the invention, and the invention may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims.
1...觸碰感測裝置1. . . Touch sensing device
10...感測面板10. . . Sensing panel
12...軌條12. . . Rail
13...軌條13. . . Rail
14...觸碰感測器14. . . Touch sensor
15...觸碰位置15. . . Touch position
16...觸碰感測器16. . . Touch sensor
17...觸碰位置17. . . Touch position
18...觸碰控制器18. . . Touch controller
32...第一波形曲線32. . . First waveform
34...第二波形曲線34. . . Second waveform
38...感測信號波形曲線38. . . Sense signal waveform
50...初點50. . . First point
55...最小結果點55. . . Minimum result point
60...初點60. . . First point
70...初點70. . . First point
82...參考觸碰波形曲線82. . . Reference touch waveform
84...參考觸碰波形曲線84. . . Reference touch waveform
86...理想組合波形曲線86. . . Ideal combination waveform
88...感測信號波形曲線88. . . Sense signal waveform
92...參考觸碰波形曲線92. . . Reference touch waveform
94...參考觸碰波形曲線94. . . Reference touch waveform
96...理想組合波形曲線96. . . Ideal combination waveform
98...組合波形曲線98. . . Combined waveform
第1圖係顯示一般觸碰感測裝置之示意圖;Figure 1 is a schematic view showing a general touch sensing device;
第2圖係顯示當有兩個觸碰發生時,感測信號的各種波形曲線;Figure 2 shows the various waveforms of the sensed signal when two touches occur;
第3圖係顯示兩個觸碰之理想波形曲線及有兩個觸碰的感測信號波形;Figure 3 shows the ideal waveform of two touches and the waveform of the sensing signal with two touches;
第4圖係顯示兩個參考觸碰波形曲線之中心點的不同相對位置;Figure 4 shows the different relative positions of the center points of the two reference touch waveforms;
第5圖係顯示兩個參考觸碰波形曲線的u和v之各種組合的SAD(絕對差值總和)映對圖;Figure 5 is a diagram showing the SAD (absolute difference sum) mapping of various combinations of u and v of two reference touch waveform curves;
第6圖係顯示最陡梯度搜尋法用於本發明之示意圖;Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the steepest gradient search method used in the present invention;
第7圖係顯示三步搜尋法用於本發明之示意圖;Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the use of a three-step search method for the present invention;
第8圖係顯示四個圖表,闡示根據本發明之方法的實施範例;Figure 8 shows four diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention;
第9圖係顯示四個圖表,闡示根據本發明之方法的另一實施範例;Figure 9 shows four diagrams illustrating another embodiment of the method according to the invention;
第10圖係顯示本發明之方法於利用全搜尋判定兩個手指觸碰位置時的流程圖;Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the method of the present invention for determining the touch position of two fingers by using the full search;
第11圖係顯示本發明之方法於利用快速搜尋判定兩個手指觸碰位置時的流程圖;Figure 11 is a flow chart showing the method of the present invention for determining the touch position of two fingers by using a quick search;
第12圖係顯示一個觸碰之理想波形曲線與一個觸碰之感測信號波形;Figure 12 shows the ideal waveform of a touch and the waveform of the sensing signal of a touch;
第13圖係顯示兩個觸碰的分開狀況與重疊狀況;Figure 13 shows the separation and overlap of two touches;
第14圖係顯示用於決定是否啟動多點觸碰感測程序之方法流程圖;及Figure 14 is a flow chart showing a method for deciding whether to initiate a multi-touch test; and
第15圖顯示用於感測不同區域之觸碰的方法。Figure 15 shows a method for sensing touches in different areas.
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