TWI465300B - Method for manufacturing lightweight bulk materials - Google Patents
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- TWI465300B TWI465300B TW101146899A TW101146899A TWI465300B TW I465300 B TWI465300 B TW I465300B TW 101146899 A TW101146899 A TW 101146899A TW 101146899 A TW101146899 A TW 101146899A TW I465300 B TWI465300 B TW I465300B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本發明是有關於一種建材的製造方法，特別是指一種以廢棄物回收再利用的輕質骨材的製造方法。The present invention relates to a method for producing a building material, and more particularly to a method for producing a lightweight aggregate that is recycled and reused.
隨著經濟的持續成長，許多新興的建築大樓與公共建設的土木工程陸續進行，使用了大量的天然建築材料，而產生資源短缺的問題，為了解決天然建材資源有限的問題，廢棄物的再生利用已廣泛受到重視。此外，建地有限則衍生為建築物高層化發展的趨勢，加上抗震的需求，而促成了輕質化建材的開發，為了因應大量的建築工程需求並順應環保訴求，以廢棄物再生製造且兼具輕量化特性的建材，已成為新建材的開發目標。As the economy continues to grow, many new buildings and public works of civil engineering are being carried out one after another, using a large amount of natural building materials, resulting in shortage of resources, in order to solve the problem of limited natural building materials resources, recycling of waste Has been widely valued. In addition, the limited construction of the land is derived from the trend of high-rise development of buildings, coupled with the demand for earthquake resistance, which has led to the development of lightweight building materials, in order to meet the needs of a large number of construction projects and comply with environmental protection requirements, Building materials with both lightweight features have become the development goals of new building materials.
鑒於砂石材料在各種建築中的消耗量相對較大，已有相關業者提出可以取代砂石材料並利用玻璃、水庫淤泥等廢棄物再生製成建材製品。例如，中華民國第539581號之「玻璃砂製造方法及裝置」發明專利案，與第I220425號之「玻璃顆粒材料的製造方法」發明專利案，分別揭示以打碎搭配特定研磨材料的處理方式，將回收的廢玻璃製成沒有銳角，且容易應用於建材中的玻璃砂或玻璃顆粒材料的技術內容，但上述專利案只是以機械方式改變玻璃材料的大小與消除外觀的銳角部分，並無法進一步輕量化玻璃材料。In view of the relatively large consumption of sandstone materials in various buildings, it has been proposed by related companies to replace sand and gravel materials and to recycle building materials by using waste materials such as glass and reservoir sludge. For example, the invention patent case of "Glass Sand Manufacturing Method and Apparatus" of the Republic of China No. 539581 and the invention patent of "The Manufacturing Method of Glass Particle Material" of No. I220425 disclose the treatment method of breaking a specific abrasive material, respectively. The recycled waste glass is made into a technical material without sharp angles and is easy to be applied to glass sand or glass granular materials in building materials, but the above patent case only mechanically changes the size of the glass material and eliminates the acute angle portion of the appearance, and cannot further Lightweight glass material.
另外，在中華民國第552169號之「映像管資源化再生 為輕質骨材方法」發明專利案中，則揭露將回收的CRT映像管或LCD面板加工，並加入發泡劑及混合水庫淤泥或廢土後，經高溫燒結製成具有發泡結構的輕質骨材的方法，然而，在該製造方法中需要另外添加的發泡劑多為化學藥劑，導致該製造方法由於需要額外添購發泡劑而有原料成本較高的問題，且發泡劑的使用也導致製程相對較不環保。此外，在該製造方法並未揭露所用的發泡劑成分，相關業者實無法得知採用那種發泡劑才能順利製出輕質骨材產品。In addition, in the Republic of China No. 552169 "image tube resource recycling In the invention patent case for the lightweight aggregate method, it is disclosed that the recycled CRT image tube or LCD panel is processed, and after the foaming agent and the mixed reservoir sludge or waste soil are added, the foamed structure is formed by high temperature sintering. The method of the raw material, however, the foaming agent which needs to be additionally added in the manufacturing method is mostly a chemical agent, resulting in the problem that the manufacturing method has a high raw material cost due to the need to additionally purchase a foaming agent, and the foaming agent The use also results in a relatively less environmentally friendly process. In addition, in the manufacturing method, the foaming agent component used is not disclosed, and the relevant industry has no known that the foaming agent can be used to smoothly produce a lightweight aggregate product.
因此，為了有效解決廢棄物問題，並確實地實踐資源再生利用的綠色環保工業循環，仍有開發更符合環保要求的輕質化建材製造技術的需求。Therefore, in order to effectively solve the waste problem and to implement the green environmental protection cycle of resource recycling, there is still a need to develop lightweight building materials manufacturing technology that is more environmentally friendly.
因此，本發明的目的，是在提供一種不需另外添加化學藥劑、完全以回收廢棄物為原料而更貼近環保需求的輕質骨材的製造方法。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a lightweight aggregate which is more in need of environmental protection than the addition of a chemical agent and which is completely recycled as a raw material.
於是，本發明輕質骨材的製造方法，包含下列步驟：一、將一廢玻璃原料磨碎為多個粒徑小於等於150 μm的玻璃粉粒；二、收集在處理石材過程中所產生的一廢石粉原料，將該廢石粉原料添加至該等玻璃粉粒中以形成一預混物，並使該預混物中的廢石粉原料的含量為1 wt%~30 wt%；三、對該預混物進行攪拌使該廢石粉原料與該等玻璃粉粒混合均勻而形成一均混物； 四、在該均混物中加水調製以獲得一黏稠狀的骨材母料，再將該骨材母料成型為多個顆粒狀的預成型塊體；五、對該等預成型塊體進行一乾燥處理；及六、對乾燥完成的該等預成型塊體進行一燒製處理，且燒製溫度為600℃~850℃，燒製完成後就能獲得多個具有孔洞結構的輕質骨材製品。Therefore, the method for manufacturing the lightweight aggregate of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1. grinding a waste glass raw material into a plurality of glass powder particles having a particle diameter of 150 μm or less; and second, collecting the generated in the process of processing the stone material. a waste rock powder raw material, the waste stone powder raw material is added to the glass frit particles to form a premix, and the content of the waste rock powder raw material in the premix is 1 wt% to 30 wt%; The premix is stirred to uniformly mix the waste stone powder material with the glass powder particles to form a homomixture; 4. Adding water to the homomix to prepare a viscous aggregate masterbatch, and then forming the aggregate masterbatch into a plurality of granular preformed blocks; 5. performing the preformed blocks a drying process; and 6. performing a firing treatment on the dried preformed blocks, and firing at a temperature of 600 ° C to 850 ° C. After firing, a plurality of lightweight bones having a pore structure can be obtained. Wood products.
本發明的有益效果在於：運用天然石材中原本就含有具發泡功效的碳酸鈣、有助降低熔點溫度的氧化鈣等成分的特性，與廢玻璃的處理技術相結合，並將廢玻璃原料處理成容易與廢石粉均勻混合的粉粒型式，本發明充份利用廢棄材料的特性，並結合加水成型、乾燥與高溫燒製等處理步驟，使廢石粉原料中的成分在高溫燒製時發揮類似發泡劑的作用，進而能在不另外添加化學藥劑的情況下，順利製出具有孔洞結構的輕質骨材製品，故能符合環保減廢的要求。其中，利用加水成型還可依應用需求預先將骨材成型為所需要的尺寸與形狀，使其燒製完成後就能直接應用，使本發明兼具有實用特性。The invention has the beneficial effects of using natural calcium stone which originally contains calcium carbonate with foaming effect, calcium oxide and other components which help lower the melting temperature, combined with waste glass processing technology, and treats waste glass raw material. In the form of a powder particle which is easily mixed with the waste rock powder, the present invention fully utilizes the characteristics of the waste material, and combines the steps of adding water, drying and high-temperature firing to make the components in the waste stone powder material similar when fired at a high temperature. The action of the foaming agent can further produce a lightweight aggregate product having a pore structure without adding a chemical agent, so that it can meet the requirements of environmentally-friendly waste reduction. Among them, the water can be molded into the required size and shape according to the application requirements, so that the fire can be directly applied after the firing, so that the invention has practical characteristics.
有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效，在以下配合參考圖式之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可清楚的呈現。The above and other technical contents, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
參閱圖1，本發明輕質骨材的製造方法的一較佳實施例包含下列步驟：Referring to Figure 1, a preferred embodiment of the method of making a lightweight aggregate of the present invention comprises the following steps:
步驟201是收集一廢玻璃原料，並將其磨碎為多個粒 徑小於等於150 μm的玻璃粉粒。該廢玻璃原料的來源不受限，主要以容器或建築玻璃廢棄為主。Step 201 is to collect a waste glass raw material and grind it into a plurality of particles. Glass particles with a diameter of 150 μm or less. The source of the waste glass raw material is not limited, and it is mainly based on the disposal of containers or architectural glass.
步驟202是收集在處理石材的過程中產生的一廢石粉原料，將該廢石粉原料添加至該等玻璃粉粒中以形成一預混物，並使該預混物中的廢石粉原料的含量為1 wt%~30 wt%。其中，該廢石粉原料是收集自石材加工廠在各種石材的加工過程中所衍生的下腳料，故廢石粉原料中的石材種類不受限。Step 202 is to collect a waste rock powder raw material produced in the process of processing the stone material, adding the waste stone powder raw material to the glass frit particles to form a premix, and the content of the waste rock powder raw material in the premix. It is 1 wt% to 30 wt%. Among them, the waste stone powder raw material is collected from the stone processing factory in the processing process of various stone materials, so the type of stone in the waste stone powder raw material is not limited.
步驟203是對該預混物進行攪拌使該廢石粉原料與該等玻璃粉粒混合均勻而形成一均混物。In step 203, the premix is stirred to uniformly mix the waste stone powder material with the glass powder particles to form a homomix.
其中，混合攪拌的方式不受限，例如，可採用雙螺桿混料機進行攪拌。在本實施例中，則是將該預混物置於一滾筒中，並在滾筒內放置數顆陶瓷球，以利用陶瓷球搭配滾筒轉動的方式進行攪拌，且攪拌完成後是利用過篩方式使該均混物與該等陶瓷球分離。以上述方式進行攪拌混合時，除了能達到混合均勻的效果外，在攪拌過程中，陶瓷球也可以將該等玻璃粉粒繼續粉碎為粒徑更小的粉體，有助於使該等玻璃粉粒與廢石粉原料更快速地混合均勻。Among them, the manner of mixing and stirring is not limited, and for example, stirring may be carried out using a twin-screw mixer. In this embodiment, the premix is placed in a drum, and a plurality of ceramic balls are placed in the drum to be stirred by the ceramic ball in conjunction with the rotation of the drum, and after the completion of the stirring, the sieve is used. The homomix is separated from the ceramic balls. When stirring and mixing in the above manner, in addition to the effect of uniform mixing, the ceramic balls can continue to be pulverized into powders having a smaller particle size during the stirring process, contributing to the glass. The powder particles are mixed with the waste stone powder material more quickly.
步驟204是在該均混物中加水調製以獲得一黏稠狀的骨材母料，再將該骨材母料成型為多個顆粒狀的預成型塊體。藉由加水調製，除了可增加該均混物的黏結性而方便成型外，利用水與該等廢石粉原料及玻璃粉粒表面官能基之間形成氫鍵結合的特性，有助於該等預成型塊體穩定保持在預定的成型形狀，其中，該等預成型塊體的尺寸大小 也不受限，而依最終製品的應用需求在製作時進行調整。較佳地，在調配骨材母料時，為了使所製作的預成型塊體能穩定維持在特定的成型形狀，關於水的添加量，較佳為針對100重量份的均混物，水的添加量為3~5重量份。In step 204, water is added to the homomix to prepare a viscous aggregate masterbatch, and the aggregate masterbatch is formed into a plurality of granular preformed blocks. By adding water, in addition to increasing the adhesion of the homomixture to facilitate molding, the use of water to form hydrogen bonding characteristics between the waste rock powder raw material and the surface functional groups of the glass powder contributes to the pre-preparation. The shaped block is stably maintained in a predetermined formed shape, wherein the size of the preformed blocks It is not limited, but is adjusted at the time of production according to the application requirements of the final product. Preferably, when the aggregate masterbatch is blended, in order to stably maintain the preformed block to be formed in a specific molded shape, the amount of water added is preferably 100 parts by weight of the homomix, and the addition of water. The amount is 3 to 5 parts by weight.
步驟205是對該等預成型塊體進行一乾燥處理。藉由乾燥處理程序，主要是讓該等預成型塊體中的水分均勻擴散於塊體的無機物中，並藉此消耗部分水分，以免在後續的燒製步驟中產生過多水蒸氣而容易造成該等預成型塊體破裂，導致無法維持獲得完整的成型結構的不良情形。此外，由於該等預成型塊體中的水分過多，也會因為較多的熱量被水吸走，而影響該等塊體在後續的燒製程序中的吸熱能力，使燒製效率降低。Step 205 is a drying process of the preformed blocks. By drying the processing procedure, the moisture in the preformed blocks is mainly diffused uniformly in the inorganic matter of the block, and thereby consuming a part of the moisture, so as to avoid excessive water vapor in the subsequent firing step, which is easy to cause The rupture of the preformed block results in an inability to maintain a poor condition for obtaining a complete molded structure. In addition, due to the excessive moisture in the preformed blocks, more heat is absorbed by the water, which affects the heat absorption capacity of the blocks in the subsequent firing process, and the firing efficiency is lowered.
其中，如果設定較高的乾燥溫度雖然有助於加快乾燥速度，但若溫度過高乾燥速度過快，反而容易導致該等預成型塊體發生龜裂情形，在常溫風乾或自然陰乾雖然可避免前述不良情形，但相對較耗時，因此，為了兼顧成型品質與乾燥效率，較佳是使該等預成型塊體在溫度50℃~120℃的環境下中進行乾燥。為了確保該等預成型塊體中已幾乎無水分，通常乾燥所需時間約為12小時以上。在本實施例中，則是將該等預成型塊體放置在溫度60℃的烘箱中進行乾燥，且乾燥時間超過12小時。Among them, if setting a higher drying temperature helps to speed up the drying speed, if the temperature is too high, the drying speed is too fast, but it is easy to cause cracking of the preformed blocks. Drying at normal temperature or natural drying can be avoided. The above-mentioned problem is relatively time consuming. Therefore, in order to achieve both the molding quality and the drying efficiency, it is preferred to dry the preformed blocks in an environment at a temperature of 50 ° C to 120 ° C. In order to ensure that there is almost no moisture in the preformed blocks, the drying time is usually about 12 hours or more. In the present embodiment, the preformed blocks were placed in an oven at a temperature of 60 ° C for drying, and the drying time was over 12 hours.
步驟206是對乾燥完成的該等預成型塊體進行一燒製處理，且燒製溫度為600℃~850℃，燒製完成後就能獲得多個具有孔洞結構的輕質骨材製品3(參閱圖2)。如圖2所 示，為依實際製品繪製的該輕質骨材製品3的一剖面結構示意圖，顯示該輕質骨材製品中確實形成多個孔洞30。Step 206: performing a firing treatment on the dried preformed blocks, and firing at a temperature of 600 ° C to 850 ° C. After firing, a plurality of lightweight aggregate products having a hole structure 3 can be obtained ( See Figure 2). As shown in Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the lightweight aggregate product 3 drawn according to the actual product shows that a plurality of holes 30 are indeed formed in the lightweight aggregate product.
由於廢石粉原料中含有大量的碳酸鈣成分，在燒製時，承受高熱的碳酸鈣會產生二氧化碳氣體，提供類似發泡劑的作用，並在該預成型塊體內部形成孔洞之發泡結構，故在廢玻璃原料中添加廢石粉原料可製出該輕質骨材製品3。此外，存在廢石粉原料中的多種金屬成分或金屬氧化物成分，例如，CaO，為常見的降溫劑，故在廢玻璃原料中混合廢石粉原料進行燒製，也有助於降低燒製熔點，而也可節省能量消耗量。Since the waste stone powder material contains a large amount of calcium carbonate component, the high-heat-resistant calcium carbonate generates carbon dioxide gas during firing, provides a foaming agent-like function, and forms a foamed structure of pores inside the preformed block. Therefore, the lightweight aggregate product 3 can be produced by adding the waste stone powder raw material to the waste glass raw material. In addition, there are various metal components or metal oxide components in the waste stone powder raw material, for example, CaO, which is a common cooling agent, so that mixing the waste rock powder raw material in the waste glass raw material for firing also helps to lower the melting point of the fire. It also saves energy consumption.
在本實施例中，是使該等乾燥的預成型塊體於溫度800℃下持續燒製至少持續20分鐘。且燒製完成後，是再經自然降溫而獲得該等輕質骨材製品。本發明所製得的該等輕質骨材製品的吸水率經測試約為7%~8%，即本發明的製法可製出吸水率低於8%的輕質骨材製品，與傳統輕質陶粒相比，具有吸水率更低的特性。In this embodiment, the dried preformed blocks are continuously fired at a temperature of 800 ° C for at least 20 minutes. After the firing is completed, the lightweight bone products are obtained by natural cooling. The water absorption rate of the lightweight aggregate products prepared by the invention is tested to be about 7% to 8%, that is, the method of the invention can produce a light-weight aggregate product with a water absorption rate of less than 8%, which is lighter than the conventional one. Compared with ceramsite, it has the characteristics of lower water absorption.
要補充說明的是，在步驟202的預混物中的廢石粉原料的含量將影響到所製出的輕質骨材製品3的物理機械強度與輕量化效果，當廢石粉原料的添加量過多且超過30 wt%，則在燒製時產生的氣體就越多，所製出的輕質骨材製品3內部的孔洞就越多也越大，雖然輕量化效果明顯，但會導致該等骨材製品3的物理機械強度過低而不符合實用的規格，當廢石枌原料的添加量過少且低於1wt%時，則不易產生發泡的效果，雖然可使最終製品具有較佳的物理機 械強度，但無法滿足輕量化的需求。因此，為了兼顧結構強度與輕量化要求，較佳是將廢石粉原料的含量限定在1~30 wt%。It should be added that the content of the waste rock powder raw material in the premix in step 202 will affect the physical and mechanical strength and light weight effect of the produced lightweight aggregate product 3, and the excessive amount of waste rock powder raw material added. When the amount is more than 30% by weight, the more gas is generated during firing, the larger the pores in the lightweight aggregate product 3 are, and the larger the weight reduction effect is, but the bone is caused. The physical and mechanical strength of the material 3 is too low to meet the practical specifications. When the amount of the waste stone material is too small and less than 1% by weight, the foaming effect is less likely to occur, although the final product may have better physical properties. machine Mechanical strength, but can not meet the needs of lightweight. Therefore, in order to achieve both structural strength and light weight requirements, it is preferred to limit the content of the waste rock powder raw material to 1 to 30 wt%.
值得說明的是，利用本發明之製造方法所製出的輕質骨材製品較不吸水的特性，當添加在混凝土中作為粒料時，除了能達到輕質化建築結構體的使用效果外，還可避免養護過程中，混凝土中的水泥的水分被骨材製品吸走，而影響到水泥本身的反應速度，進而可避免水泥反應太快而在硬化後發生龜裂的情形。因此，在混凝土中添加該等輕質骨材製品，可使水泥強度不受影響，使本發明之製造方法所製出的輕質骨材製品確實具有適合搭配水泥或混凝土使用的實用性。It should be noted that the lightweight aggregate product produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention has the characteristics of less water absorption, and when added to concrete as a pellet, in addition to the use effect of the lightweight building structure, It can also avoid the moisture in the concrete in the concrete being sucked away by the aggregate product, which affects the reaction speed of the cement itself, thereby avoiding the situation that the cement reacts too quickly and cracks after hardening. Therefore, the addition of these lightweight aggregate products to concrete can make the strength of the cement unaffected, and the lightweight aggregate product produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention has practical utility suitable for use with cement or concrete.
將廢玻璃研磨為玻璃粉粒後，以#100(廠牌：tall young，孔徑為150μm)的篩網過篩，收集通過篩網的玻璃粉粒並取約95公克，與收集自石材加工廠大理石加工產生的廢石粉約5公克相混合為一預混物，即該廢石粉的添加量為該預混物總重的5 wt%，該預混物攪拌均勻後，再加入約3公克的水，調製成黏稠團塊狀，再將其做成多個大小約0.5~1.5公分的預成型塊體，將該等預成型塊體放置在溫度60℃的烘箱中12小時烘乾以移除其中的水分，接著將乾燥完成的該等預成型塊體放置燒烤窯內進行燒製成型，燒製時的加熱溫度設定為800℃，加熱時間20分鐘。燒製完成後，等待其自然降溫，就能獲得多個特定形狀與尺寸的輕 質骨材樣品。並對該等輕質骨材樣品進行密度與吸水率量測，並觀察其外觀結構。After grinding the waste glass into glass powder, sieve it with a #100 (tag: tall young, pore size 150 μm) sieve, collect the glass powder particles passing through the sieve and take about 95 grams, and collect it from the stone processing factory. About 5 grams of waste rock powder produced by marble processing is mixed into a premix, that is, the waste stone powder is added in an amount of 5 wt% of the total weight of the premix, and the premix is evenly stirred, and then about 3 g is added. The water is prepared into a viscous mass, which is then formed into a plurality of preformed blocks having a size of about 0.5 to 1.5 cm. The preformed blocks are placed in an oven at a temperature of 60 ° C for 12 hours to be dried to remove The moisture therein was then placed in a baking kiln for drying, and the heating temperature at the time of firing was set to 800 ° C and the heating time was 20 minutes. After the firing is completed, waiting for it to cool naturally, you can get a variety of specific shapes and sizes Quality aggregate sample. The density and water absorption were measured for the samples of the lightweight aggregates, and the appearance and structure were observed.
其中，對所用的廢石粉原料進行X光螢光光譜分析(X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer，簡稱為XRF)，所用之光譜分析儀廠牌為SHIMATZU，型號為CRF-1500，主要是分析所回收的廢石粉原料中的化學成分內容，結果如下表所示：
要補充說明的是，XRF分析主要是用於確認所收集中的廢石粉原料中的金屬或金屬化合物成分(主要為金屬氧化物)的分布情形，由於所用之XRF分析儀無法測定原子序8以下的元素，所以無法測到碳原子，故通常在石材或廢石粉原料中大量存在的CaCO3 會以CaO出現在分析結果中，即分析結果中的CaO表示該原料中應該有CaCO3 和CaO兩種成分存在，且燒失量中有一部分是來自CaCO3 中的CO2 。It should be added that the XRF analysis is mainly used to confirm the distribution of metal or metal compound components (mainly metal oxides) in the waste rock powder raw materials collected, because the XRF analyzer used cannot measure the atomic order below 8 The element, so the carbon atom can not be measured, so CaCO 3 , which is usually present in the stone or waste rock powder raw material, will appear in the analysis result with CaO, that is, CaO in the analysis result indicates that there should be CaCO 3 and CaO in the raw material. The ingredients are present, and some of the loss on ignition is from CO 2 in CaCO 3 .
所製得的輕質骨材樣品，取一定份量並秤量其重量後，再以Archimedes排水法量測該份量之樣品的體積，經計算後獲得其平均視密度值約為0.53 g/cm3 。並以CNS-487所載的方法量測該樣品的吸水率，量測結果顯示其吸水率為7.87%。另外，如附件一所示，為所製出的輕質骨材樣品的外觀情形，刮除部分表層後可觀察到其內部形成多個肉眼可見且平均分布的孔洞結構，該等孔洞結構的孔徑大小約為1~3mm°The obtained lightweight bone sample, after taking a certain amount and weighing the weight, measured the volume of the sample by the Archimedes drainage method, and obtained an average apparent density value of about 0.53 g/cm 3 after calculation. The water absorption of the sample was measured by the method described in CNS-487, and the measurement showed that the water absorption rate was 7.87%. In addition, as shown in Annex 1, for the appearance of the produced lightweight aggregate sample, it is observed that a plurality of macroscopically visible and evenly distributed pore structures are formed inside the surface layer, and the pore structure of the pore structures is observed. The size is about 1~3mm°
上述結果顯示本發明的方法所製出的骨材樣品的密度低於一般玻璃的密度2.5g/cm3 ，而一般輕質骨材通常是指密度低於1.7 g/cm3 ~2.0 g/cm3 的骨材，故該骨材樣品相較於玻璃材料，確實有明顯輕量化的效果，且其密度值也符合輕質骨材的判定標準。而該骨材樣品的吸水率僅有7~8%，而一般混凝土建材為了避免水泥的反應速度受到影響而不利 於結構的穩固性，通常會限制所用的人造輕質骨材材料的吸水率不得超出2~20%的範圍，故上述量測結果也顯示本發明所製出的骨材樣品的吸水率符合2~20%的範圍要求，也就是說，以本發明所製出的輕質骨材製品應用於建材中時，例如，做為混凝土的粒料時，對水泥養護與硬化後的結構強度的影響不大，確實有適合作為建材使用的實用價值。The above results show that the density of the aggregate sample produced by the method of the present invention is lower than the density of ordinary glass by 2.5 g/cm 3 , while the generally lightweight aggregate generally means a density of less than 1.7 g/cm 3 to 2.0 g/cm. 3 bone material, so the bone material sample has a significantly lighter effect than the glass material, and its density value also meets the criteria for the determination of lightweight aggregates. The water absorption rate of the aggregate sample is only 7~8%, and the general concrete building material generally limits the water absorption rate of the artificial lightweight aggregate material used in order to avoid the influence of the reaction speed of the cement and is not conducive to the structural stability. Exceeding the range of 2~20%, the above measurement results also show that the water absorption rate of the aggregate sample prepared by the invention meets the requirements of the range of 2-20%, that is, the lightweight bone prepared by the invention When the material is used in building materials, for example, when it is used as a pellet of concrete, it has little effect on the structural strength after cement curing and hardening, and it is indeed useful for use as a building material.
歸納上述，本發明輕質骨材的製造方法，可獲致下述的功效及優點，故能達到本發明的目的：In summary, the method for producing the lightweight aggregate of the present invention can attain the following effects and advantages, and thus achieve the object of the present invention:
一、本發明運用天然石材中原本就含有的具發泡功效的碳酸鈣、有助降低熔點溫度的氧化鈣等成分的特性，搭配處理成粉粒型式的廢玻璃原料，再經由加水成型、乾燥與高溫燒製等處理步驟，就能在不另外添加化學藥劑的情況下，製出具有孔洞結構的輕質骨材製品，由於所用的廢石粉原料石材加工過程中產生的下腳料，廢玻璃原料也是資料回收的材料，本發明的製法充份運用廢棄材料的特性，使其變為實用的產品並重新再利用，使本發明能有效解決廢棄物的問題，並符合環保的需求。1. The invention utilizes the characteristics of the calcium carbonate and the like which are originally contained in the natural stone, and the calcium oxide and the like which help to lower the melting temperature, and is processed into a waste glass material of the powder type, and then formed and dried by adding water. With the treatment steps such as high-temperature firing, it is possible to produce a lightweight aggregate product having a pore structure without additional chemical addition, and the waste material produced during the processing of the waste stone powder raw material stone, waste glass raw material It is also a material for data recovery. The method of the present invention fully utilizes the characteristics of waste materials, makes it a practical product and reuses it, so that the present invention can effectively solve the problem of waste and meet the environmental protection requirements.
二、本發明藉由在廢玻璃原料中添加廢石粉原料，並提供相應的處理步驟，使所製出的輕質骨材製品3確實具有輕量化與不易吸水的特性，當搭配混凝土等建材使用時，不易產生影響建築結構體的強度的問題，因而具有實用的價值。2. The present invention adds the waste rock powder raw material to the waste glass raw material and provides a corresponding treatment step, so that the produced lightweight aggregate product 3 has the characteristics of being lightweight and not easy to absorb water, and is used when building materials such as concrete. At the time, it is difficult to produce a problem that affects the strength of the building structure, and thus has practical value.
三、本發明藉由在廢玻璃原料中添加廢石粉原料的設 計，可利用廢石粉原料中的碳酸鈣產生類似發泡劑的作用，而確實可製出輕質骨材製品外，如表1所示，廢石粉中含有多種金屬化合物成分，例如，已有文獻揭露Fe2 O3 可作為助熔劑使用，且在高溫時Fe2 O3 會釋出氧氣，也有輔助發泡的作用，而CaO則常被用在陶瓷工業中當作降溫劑，且在高溫時還能促使粒子表面形成液相，增加表面擴散之燒結機制，因此，本發明藉由添加石粉原料的設計，可利用石粉中的金氧化合物增進繞製物的膨脹效果，而能確保輕量化效果，且能節省能量消耗，故能提供較佳的經劑效益。3. The invention adopts the design of adding waste rock powder raw material into the waste glass raw material, and can use the calcium carbonate in the waste stone powder raw material to produce a foaming agent-like effect, and can certainly produce a lightweight aggregate product, as shown in Table 1. As shown, the waste rock powder contains various metal compound components. For example, it has been disclosed in the literature that Fe 2 O 3 can be used as a flux, and at a high temperature, Fe 2 O 3 releases oxygen and also assists foaming, while CaO It is often used as a cooling agent in the ceramic industry, and at high temperatures, it can also promote the formation of a liquid phase on the surface of the particles, increasing the sintering mechanism of surface diffusion. Therefore, the present invention can utilize the stone powder by designing the stone powder raw material. The gold oxide compound enhances the expansion effect of the wound material, ensures a lightweight effect, and saves energy consumption, thereby providing a better agent benefit.
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the invention and the description of the invention are All remain within the scope of the invention patent.
201~206‧‧‧步驟201~206‧‧‧Steps
3‧‧‧輕質骨材製品3‧‧‧Lightweight bone products
30‧‧‧孔洞30‧‧‧ holes
圖1為本發明輕質骨材的製造方法的一較佳實施例的一流程圖；及圖2為該較佳實施例所製出的輕質骨材製品的一剖面示意圖，說明該輕質骨材製品內部形成多個孔洞結構的情形。1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method for manufacturing a lightweight aggregate according to the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the lightweight aggregate product produced by the preferred embodiment, illustrating the lightweight A case where a plurality of pore structures are formed inside the aggregate product.
附件一：為上述實施例所製出的輕質骨材樣品之外觀的照片。Annex I: Photograph of the appearance of the lightweight aggregate sample produced in the above examples.
201~206‧‧‧步驟201~206‧‧‧Steps
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