TWI416788B - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI416788B
TWI416788B TW099137863A TW99137863A TWI416788B TW I416788 B TWI416788 B TW I416788B TW 099137863 A TW099137863 A TW 099137863A TW 99137863 A TW99137863 A TW 99137863A TW I416788 B TWI416788 B TW I416788B
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Taiwan
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voltage
fuel cell
cell system
output
load
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TW099137863A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201220585A (en
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Chih Chieh Li
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Ind Tech Res Inst
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Priority to TW099137863A priority Critical patent/TWI416788B/en
Priority to CN201010597945.8A priority patent/CN102468511B/en
Publication of TW201220585A publication Critical patent/TW201220585A/en
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Publication of TWI416788B publication Critical patent/TWI416788B/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865Voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/72Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547Voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel bettery system which is used for providing operation voltage to a load. The system comprises a fule battery set, a plurality of integrated circuit boards, a voltage detection module and a power switching module. The fule battery set comprises a plurality of fuel battery sheets mutually connected in a series manner. The plurality of fuel battery sheets are piled so that the electrical potential energy of the fule battery set is increased in order. The plurality of integrated circuit boards are configured in the fule battery set, and are respectively provided with voltage output terminals which are used for outputting a plurality of voltage levels. The voltage detection module is used for detecting the plurality of voltage levels. The power switching module is used for being automatically switched to one of the plurality of voltage levels of the recently-operated voltage based on the change of the load so that the output voltage of the fuel battery set is adjusted. According to the fuel bettery system of the invention, the voltage levels can be automatically switched based on the change of the load, thereby avoiding too much change of the output voltage, caused by the excessive load.

Description

燃料電池系統Fuel cell system

本發明是有關於一種燃料電池系統,且特別是有關於一種可根據負載變化自動切換電壓位準之燃料電池系統。This invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly to a fuel cell system that automatically switches voltage levels based on load changes.

燃料電池是一種能直接將燃料中的化學能轉變成電能的發電裝置。為了使燃料電池之功率穩定地提供至負載,大部分的系統會串聯一組直流輸入之電源轉換器,以提供固定之輸出電壓至後端負載。然而,傳統的電源轉換器的轉換效率大致介於85~95%之間,因而損耗一部份的電能。此外,在設計高功率之系統時,單一電池燃料通常因極片面積尺寸限制,無法增加總電流,只能以高電壓來達到高功率之效果,然而常常因輸出電壓超過電源轉換器之電壓輸入範圍,而找不到適當的電源轉換器。另外,當傳統的燃料電池應用在輕型車輛的電源供應系統時,也常常需要持續高功率及大電流的輸出,若採用市售的直流電源轉換器,往往無法達到規格需求。因此,系統常需面臨改變設計之困難,有待改善。A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy. In order for the fuel cell power to be stably supplied to the load, most systems will be connected in series with a set of DC input power converters to provide a fixed output voltage to the back end load. However, the conversion efficiency of a conventional power converter is generally between 85 and 95%, thus consuming a portion of the electrical energy. In addition, when designing a high-power system, the single-cell fuel is usually limited by the area of the pole piece, and the total current cannot be increased. The high-power effect can only be achieved with a high voltage. However, often the output voltage exceeds the voltage input of the power converter. Range, and no suitable power converter can be found. In addition, when a conventional fuel cell is used in a power supply system of a light vehicle, it is often required to continue high-power and high-current output. If a commercially available DC power converter is used, the specification requirements are often not met. Therefore, the system often needs to face the difficulty of changing the design and needs to be improved.

本發明係有關於一種燃料電池系統,可根據負載之變化自動切換電壓位準,以避免負載過大而導致輸出電壓變動過大。The invention relates to a fuel cell system, which can automatically switch the voltage level according to the change of the load, so as to avoid excessive load and excessive fluctuation of the output voltage.

根據本發明之一方面,提出一種燃料電池系統,用以提供一操作電壓至一負載。此系統包括一燃料電池組、多數個集電板、一電壓偵測模組以及一電源切換模組。燃料電池組包括多數個相互串聯之燃料電池片,此些燃料電池片由下而上逐層堆疊,以使燃料電池組之電位能逐層增加。多數個集電板配置於燃料電池組之中,此些集電板分別具有一電壓輸出端子,此些電壓輸出端子用以輸出多數個電壓位準。電壓偵測模組連接電壓輸出端子,用以偵測此些電壓位準。電源切換模組連接電壓偵測模組以及此些電壓輸出端子,並根據負載之變化自動切換至最接近操作電壓之此些電壓位準其中之一,以調整燃料電池組之輸出電壓。According to one aspect of the invention, a fuel cell system is provided for providing an operating voltage to a load. The system includes a fuel cell stack, a plurality of collector plates, a voltage detecting module, and a power switching module. The fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cell sheets connected in series with each other, and the fuel cell sheets are stacked layer by layer from bottom to top to increase the potential of the fuel cell stack layer by layer. A plurality of collector plates are disposed in the fuel cell stack, and each of the collector plates has a voltage output terminal for outputting a plurality of voltage levels. The voltage detection module is connected to the voltage output terminal for detecting the voltage levels. The power switching module is connected to the voltage detecting module and the voltage output terminals, and automatically switches to one of the voltage levels closest to the operating voltage according to the change of the load to adjust the output voltage of the fuel cell stack.

為了對本發明之上述及其他方面有更佳的瞭解,下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:In order to better understand the above and other aspects of the present invention, the preferred embodiments are described below, and in conjunction with the drawings, the detailed description is as follows:

本實施例之燃料電池系統,可應用在低功率的可攜式電子產品、定置型之發電站或是高功率之車輛系統中。利用燃料電池片之負載與電壓成反比的特性,低負載時以較少數量的燃料電池片輸出電壓,高負載時切換至較多數量的燃料電池片維持以相同電壓之輸出,以避免高功率系統中總輸出電壓超過上限之情況。因此,本實施例能有效控制燃料電池系統之輸出電壓範圍。在一實施例中,可藉由偵測燃料電池片之電壓位準,以於不同負載下自動切換至最接近操作電壓之電壓位準,當輸出電壓不足時,則迅速切換至高電壓位準,當輸出電壓過高時,則迅速切換至低電壓位準,以使燃料電池系統維持輸出電壓之位準。The fuel cell system of the present embodiment can be applied to a low-power portable electronic product, a fixed-type power station, or a high-power vehicle system. The fuel cell chip load is inversely proportional to the voltage. When the load is low, the output voltage is reduced by a small number of fuel cells. When the load is high, the switch is switched to a larger number of fuel cells to maintain the output of the same voltage to avoid high power. The case where the total output voltage in the system exceeds the upper limit. Therefore, the present embodiment can effectively control the output voltage range of the fuel cell system. In an embodiment, the voltage level of the fuel cell sheet can be detected to automatically switch to the voltage level closest to the operating voltage under different loads, and when the output voltage is insufficient, the voltage level is quickly switched to the high voltage level. When the output voltage is too high, it quickly switches to a low voltage level to maintain the fuel cell system at the level of the output voltage.

請參照第1、2A及2B圖,其中第1圖繪示依照一實施例之電池燃料系統之電路方塊圖,第2A圖繪示依照一實施例之集電板的示意圖,而第2B圖繪示依照一實施例之電池燃料組及集電板之立體示意圖。電池燃料系統100包括一燃料電池組110、多數個集電板120、一電壓偵測模組130以及一電源切換模組140。燃料電池組110包括多數個相互串聯之燃料電池片112,此些燃料電池片112由下而上逐層堆疊,以使燃料電池組110之電位能依序增加。例如,燃料電池片112的數量為36個,電位能最高可達36V。因此,燃料電池組110的輸出電壓Vout係由燃料電池片112的數量決定,數量越多電壓越高,數量越少電壓越低。Please refer to FIGS. 1 , 2A and 2B , wherein FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a battery fuel system according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a collector plate according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2B A perspective view of a battery fuel pack and a collector plate in accordance with an embodiment is shown. The battery fuel system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 110, a plurality of collector boards 120, a voltage detecting module 130, and a power switching module 140. The fuel cell stack 110 includes a plurality of fuel cell sheets 112 connected in series with each other, and the fuel cell sheets 112 are stacked layer by layer from bottom to top to sequentially increase the potential of the fuel cell stack 110. For example, the number of fuel cell sheets 112 is 36 and the potential energy can be up to 36V. Therefore, the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell stack 110 is determined by the number of fuel cell sheets 112. The higher the number, the higher the voltage, and the lower the number, the lower the voltage.

在一實施例中,燃料電池片112例如是質子交換膜燃料電池,其以氫氣為燃料,空氣為氧化劑,並以固態之高分子聚合物為電解質。電解質將燃料電池片112分隔為陰極以及陽極,氫氣於陽極氣體流道124(請參考第2A圖)中經觸媒層的催化,解離為氫離子與電子。氫離子通過質子交換膜往陰極遷移,而電子無法穿過薄膜,必須經由陽極集電板120至外部電路對負載做功之後,才能回到陰極。氧氣於陰極氣體流道中與來自陽極的電子以及氫離子在觸媒的催化下,形成水分子,並經由氣體流道排出。然而,當燃料電池組110對負載做功時,電流密度提高,且內電阻明顯增加,因而使輸出電壓Vout會隨著電流密度增加而下降。因此,本實施例利用燃料電池系統100之負載與電壓成反比的特性,低負載時以較少數量的燃料電池片112輸出一電壓,高負載時切換至較多數量的燃料電池片112以維持相同電壓之輸出,以避免傳統高功率系統中操作電壓變動過大之情況。In one embodiment, the fuel cell sheet 112 is, for example, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that uses hydrogen as a fuel, air as an oxidant, and a solid polymer as an electrolyte. The electrolyte separates the fuel cell sheet 112 into a cathode and an anode, and hydrogen is dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons by catalysis of the catalyst layer in the anode gas flow path 124 (refer to FIG. 2A). Hydrogen ions migrate to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane, and electrons cannot pass through the membrane. It is necessary to work on the load via the anode collector plate 120 to an external circuit before returning to the cathode. Oxygen forms water molecules in the cathode gas flow path with electrons from the anode and hydrogen ions under the catalysis of the catalyst, and is discharged through the gas flow path. However, when the fuel cell stack 110 performs work on the load, the current density increases, and the internal resistance increases remarkably, so that the output voltage Vout decreases as the current density increases. Therefore, the present embodiment utilizes the characteristic that the load of the fuel cell system 100 is inversely proportional to the voltage, and outputs a voltage with a small number of fuel cell sheets 112 at a low load, and switches to a larger number of fuel cell sheets 112 at a high load to maintain The output of the same voltage to avoid excessive fluctuations in operating voltage in conventional high-power systems.

接著,請參考第2B圖,集電板120配置於燃料電池組110之中,且各個集電板120具有一電壓輸出端子122。電壓輸出端子122根據電位能的高低而個別輸出一電壓位準LV1~LV5。在一實施例中,集電板120可做為雙極板,其包括碳板、不銹鋼板或是其他的導電板。集電板120的電壓位準LV1~LV5可根據集電板120的位置來決定,位置越低,電壓位準越低;位置越高,電壓位準越高。因此,本實施例可藉由偵測各個電壓輸出端子122之電壓位準LV1~LV5,以於不同負載下自動切換至最接近操作電壓之電壓位準LV1~LV5。例如,當燃料電池組110之輸出電壓Vout不足時,則迅速切換至高電壓位準(例如LV2)之集電板120;當輸出電壓Vout過高時,則迅速切換至低電壓位準(例如LV3)之集電板120,以維持燃料電池系統100之輸出電壓Vout之位準。Next, referring to FIG. 2B , the collector plate 120 is disposed in the fuel cell stack 110 , and each collector plate 120 has a voltage output terminal 122 . The voltage output terminal 122 individually outputs a voltage level LV1 to LV5 according to the level of the potential energy. In an embodiment, the collector plate 120 can be used as a bipolar plate, including a carbon plate, a stainless steel plate, or other conductive plates. The voltage levels LV1 LV LV5 of the collector board 120 can be determined according to the position of the collector board 120. The lower the position, the lower the voltage level; the higher the position, the higher the voltage level. Therefore, in this embodiment, the voltage levels LV1 LV LV5 of the respective voltage output terminals 122 can be detected to automatically switch to the voltage levels LV1 LV LV5 closest to the operating voltage under different loads. For example, when the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell stack 110 is insufficient, it is quickly switched to the collector board 120 of the high voltage level (for example, LV2); when the output voltage Vout is too high, it is quickly switched to the low voltage level (for example, LV3). The collector plate 120 is maintained at a level that maintains the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell system 100.

在一實施例中,集電板120交錯堆疊於燃料電池組110中,以避免集電板120的電壓輸出端子122過於接近而容易導致短路。此外,各個電壓輸出端子122例如以插接、卡榫或是螺絲固定之方式銜接電力輸出之電纜線。In an embodiment, the collector plates 120 are staggered in the fuel cell stack 110 to prevent the voltage output terminals 122 of the collector plates 120 from being too close to each other and easily causing a short circuit. In addition, each of the voltage output terminals 122 is connected to the cable of the power output by, for example, plugging, clamping, or screwing.

接著,請參考第1圖,電壓偵測模組130連接電壓輸出端子122,用以偵測不同位置之集電板120的電壓位準LV1~LV5以及接收輸出電壓Vout之訊號,以做為電源切換模組140之判斷依據。在一實施例中,電壓偵測模組130具有一輸入端132以及一輸出端134。輸入端132與相對應之電壓輸出端子122電性連接,而輸出端134與相對應之電源切換模組140電性連接。此外,各個燃料電池片112的工作電壓約在1V~0.6V之間,而實際上對外部負載做功時都會導致燃料電池組110的輸出電壓Vout產生波動,若燃料電池組110的輸出電壓Vout低於最低的工作電壓時,將會導致燃料電池組110無法發電,甚至造成永久損壞。因此,本實施例可藉由電壓偵測模組130來偵測各個電壓輸出端子122的電壓位準LV1~LV5以及輸出電壓Vout的變化,更可藉由切換至高電壓位準之集電板120,以避免燃料電池組110之輸出電壓Vout不足而造成損壞。Next, referring to FIG. 1 , the voltage detecting module 130 is connected to the voltage output terminal 122 for detecting the voltage levels LV1 LV LV5 of the collector board 120 at different positions and receiving the output voltage Vout as a power source. The judgment basis of the switching module 140. In one embodiment, the voltage detection module 130 has an input terminal 132 and an output terminal 134. The input end 132 is electrically connected to the corresponding voltage output terminal 122, and the output end 134 is electrically connected to the corresponding power switching module 140. In addition, the operating voltage of each fuel cell sheet 112 is between about 1V and 0.6V. Actually, when the work is performed on an external load, the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell stack 110 fluctuates, and if the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell stack 110 is low. At the lowest operating voltage, the fuel cell stack 110 will not be able to generate electricity or even cause permanent damage. Therefore, the voltage detecting module 130 can detect the voltage levels LV1 LV5 and LV5 of the voltage output terminals 122 and the output voltage Vout, and can also switch to the high voltage level of the collector board 120. In order to avoid damage caused by insufficient output voltage Vout of the fuel cell stack 110.

在一實施例中,電壓偵測模組130包括多數個分壓電阻136或多數個運算放大器,電壓偵測模組130可藉由分壓電阻136或運算放大器來擷取各個集電板120所輸出之電壓位準LV1~LV5,再將電壓訊號轉換後傳送至電源切換模組140,以做為調整輸出電壓Vout之依據。因此,當燃料電池組110對負載做功時,由於電流密度提高而使輸出電壓Vout下降,電源切換模組140可根據負載之用電量或電流量自動切換至最接近操作電壓之電壓位準LV1~LV5其中之一,以維持輸出電壓Vout之位準。In one embodiment, the voltage detecting module 130 includes a plurality of voltage dividing resistors 136 or a plurality of operational amplifiers. The voltage detecting module 130 can capture the current collector boards 120 by using a voltage dividing resistor 136 or an operational amplifier. The voltage level of the output is LV1~LV5, and then the voltage signal is converted and transmitted to the power switching module 140 as a basis for adjusting the output voltage Vout. Therefore, when the fuel cell stack 110 performs work on the load, the output voltage Vout decreases due to the increase of the current density, and the power switching module 140 can automatically switch to the voltage level LV1 closest to the operating voltage according to the amount of power or current of the load. One of ~LV5 to maintain the level of the output voltage Vout.

接著,請參考第1及3圖,其中第3圖繪示依照一實施例之電源切換模組140的內部示意圖。電源切換模組140可包括多數個切換開關142、多數個光耦合器144、多數 個逆向保護元件146以及一邏輯控制器148。切換開關142與對應之集電板120電性連接,用以切換不同電壓位準LV1~LV5。切換開關142例如為繼電器或電晶體開關,且一次只導通其中一切換開關142所連接之集電板120,以做為燃料電池組110之輸出電壓Vout。此外,光耦合器144連接於相對應之切換開關142及邏輯控制器148之間,用以隔離切換開關142及其控制訊號。另外,逆向保護元件146例如是二極體,其一端連接切換開關142,用以避免輸出電壓Vout回流至切換開關142。再者,邏輯控制器148連接電壓檢測模組130,切換開關142連接邏輯控制器148。邏輯控制器148用以擷取電壓偵測模組130之訊號並判斷各個集電板120所輸出之電壓位準LV1~LV5,以控制切換開關142進行電壓位準LV1~LV5之切換,以使輸出電壓Vout保持一致。Next, please refer to FIGS. 1 and 3 , wherein FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internals of the power switching module 140 according to an embodiment. The power switching module 140 can include a plurality of switching switches 142, a plurality of optical couplers 144, and a plurality of Reverse protection element 146 and a logic controller 148. The switch 142 is electrically connected to the corresponding collector board 120 for switching between different voltage levels LV1 LV5. The switch 142 is, for example, a relay or a transistor switch, and only turns on the collector plate 120 to which one of the switchers 142 is connected at a time as the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell stack 110. In addition, the optical coupler 144 is connected between the corresponding switch 142 and the logic controller 148 for isolating the switch 142 and its control signals. In addition, the reverse protection element 146 is, for example, a diode, and one end thereof is connected to the changeover switch 142 to prevent the output voltage Vout from flowing back to the changeover switch 142. Furthermore, the logic controller 148 is connected to the voltage detection module 130, and the switch 142 is connected to the logic controller 148. The logic controller 148 is configured to capture the signal of the voltage detecting module 130 and determine the voltage levels LV1 LV LV5 output by the respective collector boards 120 to control the switching of the voltage level LV1 LV LV5 by the switch 142. The output voltage Vout remains the same.

在一實施例中,邏輯控制器148可透過控制兩個切換開關142之工作週期,調整輸出電壓Vout之範圍,以降低穩定狀態下輸出電壓Vout的誤差。In an embodiment, the logic controller 148 can adjust the range of the output voltage Vout by controlling the duty cycle of the two switches 142 to reduce the error of the output voltage Vout in the steady state.

接著,請參考第1圖,穩壓元件150連接於電源切換模組140與負載D之間,穩壓元件150用以穩定輸出電壓Vout,以使輸出電壓Vout在一穩定電壓範圍內,例如是24V左右。穩壓元件150例如為一超級電容,其安裝於燃料電池系統100之輸出端。當電源切換模組150輸出不同之輸出電壓Vout時,穩壓元件150可幫助輸出電壓Vout穩定,並於負載D瞬間升高時,提供瞬間之大電流輸出,以緩衝電流切換時間。Next, referring to FIG. 1 , the voltage stabilizing component 150 is connected between the power switching module 140 and the load D. The voltage stabilizing component 150 is configured to stabilize the output voltage Vout so that the output voltage Vout is within a stable voltage range, for example, Around 24V. The voltage stabilizing element 150 is, for example, a super capacitor that is mounted at the output of the fuel cell system 100. When the power switching module 150 outputs a different output voltage Vout, the voltage stabilizing element 150 can help the output voltage Vout to be stable, and provide an instantaneous large current output when the load D rises instantaneously to buffer the current switching time.

接著,請參考第1及4圖,其中第4圖繪示依照一實施例之燃料電池組的示意圖。在一實施例中,當應用在車輛的電源供應系統時,常常需要持續高功率及大電流的輸出,此時燃料電池系統100之操作電壓亦可隨著負載D之變動而改變,以將輸出電壓Vout自動切換至最接近操作電壓之電壓位準。操作電壓例如為12V、24V或36V等可變電壓,且電源切換模組140一次只導通其中一切換開關142所連接之集電板120,以調整燃料電池系統100之輸出電壓Vout之位準。例如負載D所需的功率增加時,可調高輸出電壓Vout,而負載D所需的功率減少時,可調低輸出電壓Vout。因此,本實施例之燃料電池系統100的操作電壓不限定為定值,而是可隨著負載D之變化而改變,以達到規格需求。Next, please refer to FIGS. 1 and 4, wherein FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, when applied to a power supply system of a vehicle, it is often required to continue the output of high power and high current. At this time, the operating voltage of the fuel cell system 100 may also change as the load D changes to output. The voltage Vout is automatically switched to the voltage level closest to the operating voltage. The operating voltage is, for example, a variable voltage such as 12V, 24V, or 36V, and the power switching module 140 turns on only the collector plate 120 to which one of the switches 142 is connected at a time to adjust the level of the output voltage Vout of the fuel cell system 100. For example, when the power required for the load D increases, the output voltage Vout can be adjusted high, and when the power required for the load D decreases, the output voltage Vout can be adjusted low. Therefore, the operating voltage of the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment is not limited to a fixed value, but may be changed as the load D changes to meet the specification requirements.

本發明上述實施例所揭露之燃料電池系統,係利用燃料電池片之負載與電壓成反比的特性,低負載時以較少數量的燃料電池片輸出電壓,高負載時切換至較多數量的燃料電池片維持以相同電壓之輸出。因此,本發明藉由電源切換模組以及電源偵測模組有效控制燃料電池系統之輸出電壓範圍,不需藉由電源轉換器轉換電壓,以提高轉換效率並減少系統的體積。The fuel cell system disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention utilizes the characteristics that the load of the fuel cell sheet is inversely proportional to the voltage. When the load is low, the output voltage is reduced by a small number of fuel cells, and when the load is high, the fuel is switched to a larger amount of fuel. The cell maintains the output at the same voltage. Therefore, the present invention effectively controls the output voltage range of the fuel cell system by the power switching module and the power detecting module, and does not need to convert the voltage by the power converter to improve the conversion efficiency and reduce the volume of the system.

綜上所述,雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明。本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。因此,本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。In conclusion, the present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

100‧‧‧電池燃料系統100‧‧‧Battery fuel system

110‧‧‧燃料電池組110‧‧‧ fuel cell stack

112‧‧‧燃料電池片112‧‧‧Fuel cell sheet

120‧‧‧集電板120‧‧‧ Collector board

122‧‧‧電壓輸出端子122‧‧‧Voltage output terminal

124‧‧‧氣體流道124‧‧‧ gas flow path

130‧‧‧電壓偵測模組130‧‧‧Voltage detection module

132‧‧‧輸入端132‧‧‧ input

134‧‧‧輸出端134‧‧‧output

136‧‧‧分壓電阻136‧‧‧voltage resistor

140‧‧‧電源切換模組140‧‧‧Power Switching Module

142‧‧‧切換開關142‧‧‧Toggle switch

144‧‧‧光耦合器144‧‧‧Optocoupler

146‧‧‧逆向保護元件146‧‧‧Reverse protection element

148‧‧‧邏輯控制器148‧‧‧Logic Controller

150‧‧‧穩壓元件150‧‧‧Regulator components

D‧‧‧負載D‧‧‧load

LV1~LV5‧‧‧電壓位準LV1~LV5‧‧‧ voltage level

Vout‧‧‧輸出電壓Vout‧‧‧ output voltage

第1圖繪示依照一實施例之電池燃料系統之電路方塊圖。1 is a circuit block diagram of a battery fuel system in accordance with an embodiment.

第2A圖繪示依照一實施例之集電板的示意圖。FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a collector plate according to an embodiment.

第2B圖繪示依照一實施例之電池燃料組及集電板之立體示意圖。FIG. 2B is a schematic perspective view of a battery fuel pack and a collector plate according to an embodiment.

第3圖繪示依照一實施例之電壓切換模組的內部示意圖。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the internals of a voltage switching module according to an embodiment.

第4圖繪示依照一實施例之燃料電池組的示意圖。4 is a schematic view of a fuel cell stack in accordance with an embodiment.

100‧‧‧電池燃料系統100‧‧‧Battery fuel system

110‧‧‧燃料電池組110‧‧‧ fuel cell stack

130‧‧‧電壓偵測模組130‧‧‧Voltage detection module

132‧‧‧輸入端132‧‧‧ input

134‧‧‧輸出端134‧‧‧output

140‧‧‧電源切換模組140‧‧‧Power Switching Module

150‧‧‧穩壓元件150‧‧‧Regulator components

D‧‧‧負載D‧‧‧load

LV1~LV5‧‧‧電壓位準LV1~LV5‧‧‧ voltage level

Vout‧‧‧輸出電壓Vout‧‧‧ output voltage

Claims (10)

一種燃料電池系統,用以提供一操作電壓至一負載,該系統包括:一燃料電池組,包括複數個相互串聯之燃料電池片,該些燃料電池片相互堆疊,以使該燃料電池組之電位能依序增加;複數個集電板,配置於該燃料電池組之中,該些集電板分別具有一電壓輸出端子,該些電壓輸出端子用以輸出複數個電壓位準;一電壓偵測模組,連接該些電壓輸出端子,用以偵測該些電壓位準;以及一電源切換模組,連接該電壓偵測模組以及該些電壓輸出端子,並根據該負載自動切換至最接近該操作電壓之該些電壓位準其中之一,以調整該燃料電池組之輸出電壓。 A fuel cell system for providing an operating voltage to a load, the system comprising: a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cell sheets connected in series, the fuel cell sheets being stacked on each other to cause a potential of the fuel cell stack Can be sequentially increased; a plurality of collector plates are disposed in the fuel cell stack, the collector plates respectively have a voltage output terminal, the voltage output terminals are used to output a plurality of voltage levels; The module is connected to the voltage output terminals for detecting the voltage levels; and a power switching module is connected to the voltage detecting module and the voltage output terminals, and automatically switches to the closest according to the load One of the voltage levels of the operating voltage to adjust the output voltage of the fuel cell stack. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之燃料電池系統,更包括一穩壓元件,連接於該電源切換模組與該負載之間,用以穩定該輸出電壓。 The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a voltage stabilizing component connected between the power switching module and the load for stabilizing the output voltage. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該穩壓元件包括一電容。 The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the voltage stabilizing element comprises a capacitor. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該電壓偵測模組包括複數個分壓電阻,用以擷取該些電壓位準。 The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the voltage detecting module comprises a plurality of voltage dividing resistors for extracting the voltage levels. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該電壓偵測模組包括複數個運算放大器,用以擷取該些 電壓位準。 The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the voltage detecting module comprises a plurality of operational amplifiers for extracting the Voltage level. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該些集電板交錯堆疊於該燃料電池組中。 The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the collector plates are staggered in the fuel cell stack. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該電源切換模組包括:一邏輯控制器,連接該電壓偵測模組,用以產生一控制訊號;複數個切換開關,連接該邏輯控制器,並根據該控制訊號切換該些電壓位準其中之一;複數個光耦合器,連接於該些切換開關與該邏輯控制器之間,用以隔離該些切換開關及該控制訊號;以及複數個逆向保護元件,每一該些逆向保護元件之一端相對應連接於該些切換開關之一。 The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the power switching module comprises: a logic controller connected to the voltage detecting module for generating a control signal; and a plurality of switching switches connected to the logic a controller, and switching one of the voltage levels according to the control signal; a plurality of optical couplers connected between the switch and the logic controller for isolating the switch and the control signal; And a plurality of reverse protection elements, one of the ends of each of the reverse protection elements being correspondingly connected to one of the switch switches. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該邏輯控制器控制該些切換開關之工作週期,以調整該輸出電壓之範圍。 The fuel cell system of claim 7, wherein the logic controller controls a duty cycle of the switch to adjust a range of the output voltage. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該些切換開關為繼電器或電晶體開關。 The fuel cell system of claim 7, wherein the switch is a relay or a transistor switch. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之燃料電池系統,其中該些逆向保護元件為二極體。 The fuel cell system of claim 7, wherein the reverse protection elements are diodes.
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