TWI414651B - 發光纖維及其材料 - Google Patents

發光纖維及其材料 Download PDF

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TWI414651B
TWI414651B TW096105007A TW96105007A TWI414651B TW I414651 B TWI414651 B TW I414651B TW 096105007 A TW096105007 A TW 096105007A TW 96105007 A TW96105007 A TW 96105007A TW I414651 B TWI414651 B TW I414651B
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luminescent
poly
fiber material
conjugated
polymer
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TW200833888A (en
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Hsieh Chih Chen
Wen Chang Chen
Chi Ching Kuo
Yucheng Liu
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Taiwan Textile Res Inst
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D01D5/0038Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion the fibre formed by solvent evaporation, i.e. dry electro-spinning
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/04Pigments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/52Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated esters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/14Macromolecular compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967Synthetic resin or polymer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

發光纖維及其材料
本發明是有關於一種發光纖維(photoluminescence fiber)及其材料,且特別是有關於一種適於利用靜電紡絲(electrospinning process)技術製備而成的發光纖維及其材料。
發光纖維是一種目前受注目的纖維材料之一,其可應用於各種產業,如個人用紡織品、航空暨汽車內裝、家飾、醫療檢測、戶外用品、安全設施等。至於發光纖維的製造方法傳統上是利用熔融紡絲法、溶液紡絲法、表面塗佈法等。不過,利用上述傳統方法製成的纖維尺寸與近來如火如荼發展的奈米技術並不符合,所以有利用靜電紡絲技術製作發光纖維的研究。但是,因為發光纖維材料大多為脆性材料,所以實際上用靜電紡絲技術製作時常有纖維斷裂的問題亟需解決。
本發明提供一種發光纖維材料,其為連續的奈米纖維。
本發明還提供一種發光纖維,其直徑達奈米級。
本發明提供一種發光纖維材料,適於利用靜電紡絲(electrospinning process)技術製備而成,該發光纖維材料包括摻合的共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述共軛發光高分子是選自包括聚3-烷基噻吩(poly-3-alkylthiophenes)及其衍生物、聚茀(polyfluorenes,PF)及其衍生物、聚對苯(poly-p-phenylene)及其衍生物、聚咔唑(poly(carbazoles))、聚吲哚(poly(indoles))、聚喹啉(polyquinoline)及其衍生物、聚喹喔啉(poly(quinoxalines))、聚吡啶(poly(pyridines))、聚苯乙烯(polyphenylene vinylene,PPV)及其衍生物的高分子其中之一。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述聚茀(polyfluorenes,PF)及其衍生物包括聚(二烷基茀)(poly(dialkyl fluorene))、聚(茀-共-噻吩)(poly(fluorene-co-thiophene))、聚(茀-共-二噻吩)(poly(fluorene-co-bithiophene))、聚(茀-共-苯噻二唑)(poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole))、聚(茀-共-喹喔啉)(poly(fluorene-co-quinoxaline))、聚(茀-共-茀-共-噻哢吡嗪)(poly(fluorene-co-fluorene-co-thienopyrazine)及其衍生物。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述聚苯乙烯衍生物包括聚2-甲氧基-5-(2'-乙基己氧基)-1-4-苯乙烯)(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene),MEH-PPV)、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2-乙基己氧基)-1,4-(1-氰基苯烯烴)(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-(1-cyanovinylenephenylene)或聚2,5-雙(3',7'-二甲基辛氧基)-1,4-苯烯烴(poly-2,5-bis(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述透明非共軛高分子是選自包括聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)及其衍生物、聚乙烯(polyethylene)及其衍生物、聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)及其衍生物、聚乙烯吡啶(polyvinyl pyridine)及其衍生物、聚丙烯醯胺(polyacrylamide)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚酯(polyester,PES)、聚碳酸(polycarbonates,PC)、環烯屬烴(cyclic olefins)及聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)的高分子其中之一。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述聚丙烯酸酯衍生物包括聚丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl acrylate)、聚丙烯酸正丁酯(poly(n-butylacrylate))或聚丙烯酸第三丁酯(poly(tert-butyl acrylate))。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述共軛發光高分子是聚苯乙烯(poly(phenylene vinylene),PPV)以及透明非共軛高分子是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(poly(methylmethacrylate),PMMA)。
在本發明之一實施例中,上述共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子的重量比為1/99至99/1。
在本發明之一實施例中,發光纖維材料還包括溶劑或共溶劑。其中,溶劑包括四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran,THF)、甲苯(toluene)、氯仿(chloroform)或二甲基甲醯胺(dimethyl formamide,DMF)。而共溶劑則是選自包括四氫呋喃、甲苯、氯仿與二甲基甲醯胺其中至少兩種溶劑所構成的共溶劑。其中,當共溶劑是由四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺構成,則四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺的體積比為100/0至50/50。
在本發明之一實施例中,發光纖維材料更包括鹽類,其中鹽類包括四甲基銨鹽(tetramethylammonium chloride,TMAC)。此外,以發光纖維材料的總量為基準,所述鹽類的含量小於5wt.%。
本發明還提供一種發光纖維,是用上述發光纖維材料以靜電紡絲技術製備而成的。
在本發明之另一實施例中,發光纖維的直徑約在50nm~3000nm之間。
本發明因採用摻合的共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子作為發光纖維材料,並利用靜電紡絲技術,所以可製成連續的奈米級發光纖維。
為讓本發明之上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下。
本發明之發光纖維材料包括摻合的共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子。
舉例而言,上述共軛發光高分子是選自包括聚3-烷基噻吩(poly-3-alkylthiophenes)及其衍生物(derivatives)、聚茀(polyfluorenes,PF)及其衍生物、聚對苯(poly-p-phenylene)及其衍生物、聚咔唑(poly(carbazoles))、聚吲哚(poly(indoles))、聚喹啉(polyquinoline)及其衍生物、聚喹喔啉(poly(quinoxalines))、聚吡啶(poly(pyridines))、聚苯乙烯(polyphenylene vinylene,PPV)及其衍生物的高分子其中之一。
而上述聚茀(polyfluorenes,PF)及其衍生物例如聚(二烷基茀)(poly(dialkyl fluorene))、聚(茀-共-噻吩)(poly(fluorene-co-thiophene))、聚(茀-共-二噻吩)(poly(fluorene-co-bithiophene))、聚(茀-共-苯噻二唑)(poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole))、聚(茀-共-喹喔啉)(poly(fluorene-co-quinoxaline))、聚(茀-共-茀-共-噻哢吡嗪)(poly(fluorene-co-fluorene-co-thienopyrazine)及其衍生物。
上述聚苯乙烯衍生物則例如是聚2-甲氧基-5-(2'-乙基己氧基)-1-4-苯乙烯)(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene),MEH-PPV)、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2-乙基己氧基)-1,4-(1-氰基苯烯烴)(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-1,4-(1-cyanovinylenephenylene)或聚2,5-雙(3',7'-二甲基辛氧基)-1,4-苯烯烴(poly-2,5-bis(3',7'-dimethyl octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)。
關於本發明之透明非共軛高分子,則例如是選自包括聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)及其衍生物、聚乙烯(polyethylene)及其衍生物、聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)及其衍生物、聚乙烯吡啶(polyvinyl pyridine)及其衍生物、聚丙烯醯胺(polyacrylamide)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚酯(polyester,PES)、聚碳酸(polycarbonates,PC)、環烯屬烴(cyclic olefins)及聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)的高分子其中之一。
上述聚丙烯酸酯衍生物例如是聚丙烯酸甲酯(poly methyl acrylate)、聚丙烯酸正丁酯(poly(n-butylacrylate))或聚丙烯酸第三丁酯(poly(tert-butyl acrylate))。
關於本發明中之共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子的重量比約在1/99至99/1之間。
此外,本發明之發光纖維材料還包括溶劑(solvent)或共溶劑(cosolvent);舉例來說,溶劑包括四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran,THF)、甲苯(toluene)、氯仿(chloroform)或二甲基甲醯胺(dimethyl formamide,DMF)。共溶劑則可以是選自包括四氫呋喃、甲苯、氯仿與二甲基甲醯胺其中至少兩種溶劑所構成的共溶劑。其中,當上述共溶劑是由四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺構成時,則四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺的體積比在100/0至50/50。
在本發明發光纖維材料中尚可包括一種鹽類,例如四甲基銨鹽(tetramethylammonium chloride,TMAC)。此外,如以發光纖維材料的總量(total weight)為基準,上述鹽類的含量約小於5wt.%。
圖1是依照本發明之一實施例的一種利用靜電紡絲(electrospinning process)技術製備發光纖維的示意圖。
請參照圖1,首先將摻合的共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子溶於適當的溶劑(如甲苯)中,使其成為本發明之發光纖維材料,再將此摻合的發光纖維材料100注入噴嘴中,並使用高壓電以電力將摻合的發光纖維材料100由噴嘴末端噴出形成液柱後,在橫向強電場作用下,帶電的液柱經過拉伸和甩動(whipping)的過程後,液柱上的溶劑不斷地揮發,液柱直徑會從數百微米大幅減少至數十奈米,形成極細的纖維,然後可於接地的收集板得到奈米級之發光纖維102,其中發光纖維102的直徑約在50nm~3000nm之間。
此外,本發明之發光纖維材料可藉由高分子摻合比例、單一溶劑或共溶劑的種類與比例、溶液濃度、添加劑、外加電壓及流速等控制纖維之直徑及其發光特性。
以下利用一個實驗例來詳細描述本發明的發光纖維之光學特性。
實驗例
在實驗例中,以聚(2,3-二丁氧基-1,4-苯基乙烯)(poly(2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene),DB-PPV)為共軛發光高分子和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)為透明非共軛高分子,其重量比分別為5/95、10/90和15/85。並且使用由四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺構成的共溶劑,其體積比為50/50。此外,以發光纖維材料的總量為基準,還加入2wt.%的四甲基銨鹽(TMAC)。實驗條件是噴嘴末端到收集板的距離在10公分~25公分之間、高壓電在12至30 KeV、流速約0.1至10 ml/h。
下表一是以傳統塗佈方法與本發明所用的靜電紡絲技術分別製作的發光纖維材料。從表一可知,無論是重量比為5/95、10/90或15/85,採用靜電紡絲技術製作的本發明之發光纖維都具有較高的發光效率。
綜上所述,本發明因為使用共軛發光高分子以及透明非共軛高分子作為發光纖維材料,所以可利用靜電紡絲技術製成連續的奈米級發光纖維,因此本發明的發光纖維不但可應用於各種產業,如個人用紡織品(運動用品、手套、靴子、運動鞋、背包、袋子)、航空暨汽車內裝(皮套、皮椅、方向盤、儀表板塗層)、家飾(桌巾、窗簾、家俱、內牆塗裝)、醫療檢測(生物感測器、菌醫療用材)、戶外用品(戶外用布、帳棚、旗幟、雨蓬、頂棚、船隻)、安全設施(消防衣、高組電性隔板、抗高壓電手套)等。此外,本發明之發光纖維材料還可以應用至導電、發光、感測及電極材料。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100...摻合的發光纖維材料
102...發光纖維
圖1是依照本發明之一實施例的一種利用靜電紡絲技術製備發光纖維的示意圖。
100...摻合的發光纖維材料
102...發光纖維

Claims (13)

  1. 一種發光纖維材料,適於利用靜電紡絲(electrospinning process)技術製備而成,該發光纖維材料包括摻合的共軛發光高分子與透明非共軛高分子,其中該共軛發光高分子與該透明非共軛高分子的重量比為1/99至99/1,該共軛發光高分子是選自聚茀(polyfluorenes,PF)及其衍生物,所述之聚茀(polyfluorenes,PF)及其衍生物包括聚(二烷基茀)(poly(dialkyl fluorene))、聚(茀-共-二噻吩)(poly(fluorene-co-bithiophene))、聚(茀-共-苯噻二唑)(poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole))、聚(茀-共-茀-共-噻哢吡嗪)poly(fluorene-co-fluorene-co-thienopyrazine)及其衍生物。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光纖維材料,其中該透明非共軛高分子是選自包括聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)及其衍生物、聚乙烯(polyethylene)及其衍生物、聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)及其衍生物、聚乙烯吡啶(polyvinyl pyridine)及其衍生物、聚丙烯醯胺(polyacrylamide)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚酯(polyester,PES)、聚碳酸(polycarbonates,PC)、環烯屬烴(cyclic olefins)及聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)的高分子其中之一。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之發光纖維材料,其中所述聚丙烯酸酯衍生物包括聚丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl acrylate)、聚丙烯酸正丁酯(poly(n-butylacrylate))或聚丙烯 酸第三丁酯(poly(tert-butylacrylate))。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光纖維材料,其中該共軛發光高分子是聚苯乙烯(poly(phenylene vinylene),PPV)以及該透明非共軛高分子是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(poly(methylmethacrylate),PMMA)。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光纖維材料,更包括溶劑或共溶劑。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之發光纖維材料,其中該溶劑包括四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran,THF)、甲苯(toluene)、氯仿(chloroform)或二甲基甲醯胺(dimethyl formamide,DMF)。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之發光纖維材料,其中該共溶劑是選自包括四氫呋喃、甲苯、氯仿與二甲基甲醯胺其中至少兩種溶劑所構成的一種共溶劑。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之發光纖維材料,其中四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺的體積比為100/0至50/50。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光纖維材料,更包括鹽類。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之發光纖維材料,其中該鹽類包括四甲基銨鹽(tetramethylammonium chloride,TMAC)。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之發光纖維材料,其中以該發光纖維材料的總量為基準,該鹽類的含量小於5wt.%。
  12. 一種發光纖維,是用申請專利範圍第1項至第11項中的任一項所述之發光纖維材料以靜電紡絲技術製備而成的。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之發光纖維,其直徑在50nm~3000nm之間。
TW096105007A 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 發光纖維及其材料 TWI414651B (zh)

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