TWI413336B - Device of bi-directional inverter and direct current power system thereof - Google Patents
Device of bi-directional inverter and direct current power system thereof Download PDFInfo
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本發明有關於換流器,特別是有關於換流器的雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統。The present invention relates to an inverter, and more particularly to a bidirectional commutation device for an inverter and a DC power supply system therefor.
二十世紀以來,能源危機日益嚴重,為了讓人類減少依賴石油、媒與天然氣等的天然能源,世界各國極力推動綠色能源裝置的研發。綠色能源必須具有取之不盡、用之不竭且不會造成環境污染等特性,目前開發的綠色能源裝置主要以太陽能、風力、水力及地熱等天然資源做為發電的來源。Since the twentieth century, the energy crisis has become increasingly serious. In order to reduce human dependence on natural energy such as oil, media and natural gas, countries around the world are pushing hard to promote the development of green energy devices. Green energy must be inexhaustible, inexhaustible and will not cause environmental pollution. The current development of green energy devices mainly uses natural resources such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower and geothermal energy as sources of power generation.
一般而言,綠色能源裝置是直流發電裝置,綠色能源裝置必須先透過一個直流/直流轉換器,以使綠色能源裝置輸出的電壓提升,再經過一個交流/直流換流器轉換成交流電源饋入市電電網。若綠色能源裝置直接併聯至市電,再輾轉將電力供給一般電器產品,則必須將綠色能源裝置之輸出轉換成交流電源,再透過全橋整流元件與功因校正器(Power Factor Corrector,PFC)轉換成直流電源供給電器產品。然而,每一次的轉換將會降低效率。所以綠色能源裝置所產生的電能若能直接供給負載使用,則可以避免不必要的電力轉換。因此,若能採用直流供電系統,將綠色能源裝置輸出之電力直接供給直流電器,則可以提高能源的使用效益。In general, the green energy device is a DC power plant. The green energy device must first pass through a DC/DC converter to boost the output voltage of the green energy device, and then convert it into an AC power supply through an AC/DC converter. Electric grid. If the green energy device is directly connected in parallel to the mains, and then the power is supplied to the general electrical products, the output of the green energy device must be converted into an AC power source, and then converted through a full-bridge rectifier component and a Power Factor Corrector (PFC). DC power supply to electrical products. However, each conversion will reduce efficiency. Therefore, if the energy generated by the green energy device can be directly supplied to the load, unnecessary power conversion can be avoided. Therefore, if a DC power supply system can be used and the power output from the green energy device is directly supplied to the DC electric appliance, the energy use efficiency can be improved.
請參照圖1,圖1為傳統的直流供電系統的方塊圖。傳統的直流供電系統1包括綠色能源發電系統10、儲能設備11、直流負載12與雙向換流器13。綠色能源發電系統10可以包括太陽能光電板104、風力發電機105、燃料電池106與電能處理器101~103等綠色能源裝置與對應的電能處理器。儲能設備11包括蓄電池112與雙向充放電器111。直流負載12可以包括照明系統121、變頻空調系統122、充電站123與直流電器測試平台124等。Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional DC power supply system. The conventional DC power supply system 1 includes a green energy power generation system 10, an energy storage device 11, a DC load 12, and a bidirectional inverter 13. The green energy power generation system 10 may include a green energy device such as a solar photovoltaic panel 104, a wind turbine 105, a fuel cell 106, and electrical energy processors 101-103, and a corresponding energy processor. The energy storage device 11 includes a battery 112 and a bidirectional charge and discharge device 111. The DC load 12 may include a lighting system 121, an inverter air conditioning system 122, a charging station 123, a DC electrical test platform 124, and the like.
綠色能源發電系統10、儲能設備11、直流負載12與雙向換流器13分別電性連接至直流微電網。雙向換流器13更電性連接至交流電網。綠色能源發電系統10用以提供直流電力至直流負載12。儲能設備11用以儲存綠色能源發電系統10所產生的多餘電力,且儲能設備11也可以在綠色能源發電系統10發電不足時提供直流負載12電力。雙向換流器13可將電力在交流電網與直流微電網之間轉換。The green energy power generation system 10, the energy storage device 11, the DC load 12 and the bidirectional converter 13 are electrically connected to the DC microgrid, respectively. The bidirectional converter 13 is more electrically connected to the AC grid. The green energy power generation system 10 is used to provide DC power to the DC load 12. The energy storage device 11 is used to store excess power generated by the green energy power generation system 10, and the energy storage device 11 can also provide DC load 12 power when the green energy power generation system 10 generates insufficient power. The bidirectional converter 13 converts power between the AC grid and the DC grid.
如1圖所示,雙向換流器12在傳統的直流供電系統1中扮演極重要的角色,雙向換流器13一方面將綠色能源發電系統10輸出之電力轉換成交流電源以饋入市電,另一方面,當綠色能源發電系統10之輸出不足以提供直流負載12時,雙向換流器13將交流電網的電力轉成直流電饋入直流微電網,此可稱為併網型直流供電不斷電系統(DC Uninterruptible Power System)。As shown in FIG. 1, the bidirectional converter 12 plays a very important role in the conventional DC power supply system 1, and the bidirectional converter 13 converts the power output from the green energy power generation system 10 into an AC power source to feed the mains. On the other hand, when the output of the green energy power generation system 10 is insufficient to provide the DC load 12, the bidirectional converter 13 converts the power of the AC grid into DC power and feeds it into the DC microgrid, which may be referred to as grid-connected DC power supply. DC Uninterruptible Power System.
然而,當雙向換流器13與交流電網(市電)解聯、或在無市電電網的區域中,蓄電池112用以維持系統不斷電。因此,就可能要加入一個較大功率之直流/直流充放電器,用以將綠色能源發電系統10輸出多餘的能量儲存至蓄電池112,並將蓄電池112的能量轉換成可供直流負載12使用。就實用性及擴充性的考量,直流供電系統就可能要針對不同情況而設計不同的電力架構,這有可能造成直流供電系統在推廣上的不方便。However, when the bidirectional converter 13 is disconnected from the AC grid (mains), or in the area where there is no mains grid, the battery 112 is used to maintain the system uninterrupted. Therefore, it is possible to add a larger power DC/DC charge and discharge device for storing the excess energy output from the green energy power generation system 10 to the battery 112 and converting the energy of the battery 112 into the DC load 12 for use. In terms of practicality and scalability, DC power supply systems may have to design different power architectures for different situations, which may cause inconvenience in the promotion of DC power supply systems.
本發明實施例提供一種雙向換流裝置,適用於將電力在直流微電網、蓄電池與市電間轉換。雙向換流裝置包括雙向充放電器、雙向換流器與開關電路。雙向充放電器用以對蓄電池充放電。開關電路使雙向換流器併聯市電或電性連接至蓄電池。當雙向換流器併聯市電時,雙向換流器操作在市電併聯模式或整流兼功因校正模式。當雙向換流器與市電解聯時,雙向換流器與蓄電池電性連接,以使雙向換流器對蓄電池充放電。Embodiments of the present invention provide a bidirectional commutation device suitable for converting power between a DC microgrid, a battery, and a utility. The bidirectional commutation device comprises a bidirectional charge and discharge device, a bidirectional converter and a switching circuit. The bidirectional charge and discharge device is used to charge and discharge the battery. The switching circuit causes the bidirectional converter to be connected to the battery in parallel or electrically. When the bidirectional converter is connected in parallel with the mains, the bidirectional converter operates in the mains parallel mode or the rectification and power factor correction mode. When the bidirectional converter is connected to the city, the bidirectional converter is electrically connected to the battery to enable the bidirectional converter to charge and discharge the battery.
本發明實施例提供一種直流供電系統,其包括直流負載、再生能源裝置、直流轉換器與雙向換流裝置。直流轉換器將再生能源裝置之電力提供至直流負載。雙向換流裝置包括雙向充放電器、雙向換流器與開關電路。雙向充放電器用以對蓄電池充放電。開關電路使雙向換流器併聯市電或電性連接至蓄電池。當雙向換流器併聯市電時,雙向換流器操作在市電併聯模式或整流兼功因校正模式。當雙向換流器與市電解聯時,雙向換流器與蓄電池電性連接,以使雙向換流器對蓄電池充放電。Embodiments of the present invention provide a DC power supply system including a DC load, a regenerative energy device, a DC converter, and a bidirectional commutation device. The DC converter supplies the power of the regenerative energy device to the DC load. The bidirectional commutation device comprises a bidirectional charge and discharge device, a bidirectional converter and a switching circuit. The bidirectional charge and discharge device is used to charge and discharge the battery. The switching circuit causes the bidirectional converter to be connected to the battery in parallel or electrically. When the bidirectional converter is connected in parallel with the mains, the bidirectional converter operates in the mains parallel mode or the rectification and power factor correction mode. When the bidirectional converter is connected to the city, the bidirectional converter is electrically connected to the battery to enable the bidirectional converter to charge and discharge the battery.
綜上所述,本發明實施例所提供的雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統在連接市電電網時,可具有直流/交流雙向換流器的功能,且包括市電併聯與整流兼功因校正模式。當雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統與市電電網解聯時,雙向換流裝置之換流器將連結至蓄電池,作為直流/直流充放電器。此架構可節省系統中的大功率直流/直流充放電器,藉此降低直流供電系統之生產成本。In summary, the bidirectional commutation device and the DC power supply system provided by the embodiments of the present invention can have the function of a DC/AC bidirectional converter when connected to the mains grid, and include the mains parallel and rectification and power factor correction modes. . When the bidirectional converter device and its DC power supply system are disconnected from the mains grid, the inverter of the bidirectional converter device is connected to the battery as a DC/DC charger and discharger. This architecture saves the high-power DC/DC charge and discharge devices in the system, thereby reducing the production cost of the DC power supply system.
為使能更進一步瞭解本發明之特徵及技術內容,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,但是此等說明與所附圖式僅係用來說明本發明,而非對本發明的權利範圍作任何的限制。The detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are to be understood by the claims The scope is subject to any restrictions.
請參照圖2,圖2為本發明實施例之直流供電系統的方塊圖。直流供電系統2包括再生能源裝置20、直流轉換器21、雙向換流裝置22、直流負載23與直流微電網24。雙向換流裝置22包括雙向充放電器221、蓄電池222、雙向換流器223與開關電路224。再生能源裝置20可以例如是透過太陽能、風力、水力及地熱等天然資源做為發電來源的裝置。Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a DC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The DC power supply system 2 includes a regenerative energy device 20, a DC converter 21, a bidirectional commutation device 22, a DC load 23, and a DC microgrid 24. The bidirectional commutation device 22 includes a bidirectional charge and discharge device 221, a battery 222, a bidirectional inverter 223, and a switching circuit 224. The renewable energy device 20 can be, for example, a device that uses natural resources such as solar energy, wind power, water power, and geothermal energy as a source of power generation.
再生能源裝置20電性連接至直流轉換器21。直流轉換器21、雙向換流裝置22與直流負載23分別電性連接至直流微電網24。雙向充放電器221之一端電性連接至直流微電網24,雙向充放電器221之另一端電性連接至蓄電池222。雙向換流器223之一端電性連接至直流微電網24。雙向換流器223之另一端透過開關電路224可選擇性地電性連接至蓄電池222或市電Vac。The regenerative energy device 20 is electrically connected to the DC converter 21. The DC converter 21, the bidirectional commutation device 22 and the DC load 23 are electrically connected to the DC microgrid 24, respectively. One end of the bidirectional charge and discharge device 221 is electrically connected to the DC microgrid 24, and the other end of the bidirectional charge and discharge device 221 is electrically connected to the battery 222. One end of the bidirectional converter 223 is electrically connected to the DC microgrid 24. The other end of the bidirectional converter 223 is selectively electrically connected to the battery 222 or the mains Vac via the switch circuit 224.
再生能源裝置20與直流轉換器21構成直流電源。直流轉換器21可以追蹤再生能源裝置20的最大功率點(maximum power point),而將再生能源裝置20之輸出饋入直流微電網24以提供直流負載。雙向充放電器221可以是低額定功率雙向轉換器,用以對蓄電池222進行充放電。低額定功率雙向轉換器可以對蓄電池222微充電或微放電 ,以延長蓄電池222的使用壽命。當蓄電池222的電壓偏低時,在直流微電網24中多餘的能量可以透過雙向充放電器221對蓄電池222微充電。反之,蓄電池222也可以將多餘的能量微放電至直流微電網24。The regenerative energy device 20 and the DC converter 21 constitute a DC power source. The DC converter 21 can track the maximum power point of the regenerative energy device 20 and feed the output of the regenerative energy device 20 to the DC microgrid 24 to provide a DC load. The bidirectional charge and discharge device 221 can be a low power bidirectional converter for charging and discharging the battery 222. Low-rated power bidirectional converter can micro-charge or micro-discharge battery 222 To extend the life of the battery 222. When the voltage of the battery 222 is low, excess energy in the DC microgrid 24 can be microcharged to the battery 222 through the bidirectional charge and discharge device 221. Conversely, battery 222 can also micro-discharge excess energy to DC microgrid 24.
雙向換流器223透過開關電路224電性連接至市電Vac或蓄電池222。當雙向換流器223併聯市電Vac時,雙向換流器223可以操作在市電併聯模式或整流兼功因校正模式。雙向換流器223操作在市電併聯模式時,雙向換流器223可以將再生能源裝置20與直流轉換器21構成之直流電源之電力提供至市電Vac。雙向換流器223操作在整流兼功因校正模式時,雙向換流器223將市電Vac之電力提供至直流負載23。當雙向換流器223與市電Vac解聯時,雙向換流器223與蓄電池222電性連接,以使雙向換流器223對蓄電池222充放電。The bidirectional converter 223 is electrically connected to the mains Vac or the battery 222 through the switch circuit 224. When the bidirectional converter 223 is connected in parallel with the mains Vac, the bidirectional inverter 223 can operate in a mains parallel mode or a rectification and power factor correction mode. When the bidirectional converter 223 operates in the mains parallel mode, the bidirectional converter 223 can supply the power of the DC power source constituted by the regenerative energy device 20 and the DC converter 21 to the mains Vac. When the bidirectional converter 223 operates in the rectification and power factor correction mode, the bidirectional inverter 223 supplies the power of the mains Vac to the DC load 23. When the bidirectional converter 223 is disconnected from the mains Vac, the bidirectional converter 223 is electrically connected to the battery 222 to cause the bidirectional converter 223 to charge and discharge the battery 222.
換句話說,當電性連接至市電Vac時,雙向換流器223用以使電力在直流微電網24與市電Vac間轉換。當雙向換流器223電性連接至蓄電池222時,雙向換流器223可以對蓄電池222充放電。當直流微電網24有多餘能量時,雙向換流器223可以對蓄電池222充電,藉此將多餘的能量儲存至蓄電池222。當再生能源裝置20所提供的能量不足以讓直流負載23使用時,雙向換流器223可以對蓄電池222放電,以提供電力至直流負載23。In other words, when electrically connected to the mains Vac, the bidirectional inverter 223 is used to convert power between the DC microgrid 24 and the mains Vac. When the bidirectional converter 223 is electrically connected to the battery 222, the bidirectional inverter 223 can charge and discharge the battery 222. When the DC microgrid 24 has excess energy, the bidirectional inverter 223 can charge the battery 222, thereby storing excess energy to the battery 222. When the energy provided by the regenerative energy device 20 is insufficient for the DC load 23 to be used, the bidirectional inverter 223 can discharge the battery 222 to provide power to the DC load 23.
請同時參照圖2與圖3,圖3為本發明實施例之雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統的電路圖。當直流供電系統2與市電電網併聯時,圖2中的雙向換流器223包含市電併聯與整流兼功因校正之功能。在本實施例中,以單相之換流器為例來說明,如圖3所示。除了圖2中所述的元件之外, 雙向換流器223更包括開關SAH 、SAL 、SBH 、SBL 、整流元件DAH 、DAL 、DBH 、DBL 與電感L1。雙向充放電器221更包括變壓器T1、開關S1、S2與整流元件D1、D2,上述整流元件是以整流二極體舉例說明。Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 simultaneously. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional commutation device and a DC power supply system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the DC power supply system 2 is connected in parallel with the mains power grid, the bidirectional converter 223 of FIG. 2 includes the functions of mains parallel and rectification and power factor correction. In this embodiment, a single-phase inverter is taken as an example, as shown in FIG. In addition to the components described in FIG. 2, the bidirectional converter 223 further includes switches S AH , S AL , S BH , S BL , rectifying elements D AH , D AL , D BH , D BL and an inductor L1. The bidirectional charge and discharge device 221 further includes a transformer T1, switches S1 and S2, and rectifying elements D1 and D2. The rectifying elements are exemplified by a rectifying diode.
開關SAH 、SAL 、SBH 、SBL 、整流元件DAH 、DAL 、DBH 、DBL 構成全橋式整流器。開關SAH 、SAL 與整流元件DAH 、DAL 構成第一腿(leg),且開關SAH 與整流元件DAH 並聯成為上臂(arm),開關SAL 與整流元件DAL 並聯成為下臂(arm)。電感L1之一端電性連接於第一腿的上臂與下臂之間,電感L1之另一端電性連接於市電Vac。開關SBH 、SBL 與整流元件DBH 、DBL 構成第二腿,且開關SBH 與整流元件DBH 並聯成為上臂,開關SBL 與整流元件DBL 並聯成為下臂。The switches S AH , S AL , S BH , S BL , and the rectifying elements D AH , D AL , D BH , and D BL constitute a full bridge rectifier. Switch S AH, S AL rectifying element D AH, D AL constituting a first leg (leg), and the switch S AH and the rectifying element D AH becomes parallel arm (arm), and the rectifying switching element S AL becomes lower parallel arm D AL (arm). One end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected between the upper arm and the lower arm of the first leg, and the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the mains Vac. The switches S BH and S BL and the rectifying elements D BH and D BL constitute a second leg, and the switch S BH and the rectifying element D BH are connected in parallel to form an upper arm, and the switch S BL and the rectifying element D BL are connected in parallel to form a lower arm.
開關S1與整流元件D1電性連接至蓄電池222的正端。變壓器T1的左側繞組的正端透過並聯的開關S1與整流元件D1電性連接至蓄電池222的正端。變壓器T1的左側繞組的負端電性連接至蓄電池222的負端。開關S2與整流元件D2並聯於變壓器T1的右側繞組的正端與直流微電網24的負極之間。變壓器T1的右側繞組的負端電性連接直流微電網24的正極。The switch S1 and the rectifying element D1 are electrically connected to the positive end of the battery 222. The positive end of the left side winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery 222 through the parallel switch S1 and the rectifying element D1. The negative terminal of the left winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery 222. The switch S2 and the rectifying element D2 are connected in parallel between the positive terminal of the right side winding of the transformer T1 and the negative terminal of the direct current microgrid 24. The negative terminal of the right side winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the DC microgrid 24.
開關電路224透過節點A’與節點B’電性連接雙向換流器223至蓄電池222。或者,開關電路224透過節點A與節點B電性連接雙向換流器223至市電Vac。Switch circuit 224 is electrically coupled to bidirectional converter 223 to battery 222 via node A' and node B'. Alternatively, the switch circuit 224 is electrically connected to the bidirectional converter 223 to the mains Vac via the node A and the node B.
請參照圖4A至圖4D,圖4A至圖4D為本發明實施例之雙向換流裝置操作在市電併聯模式的示意圖。雙向換流裝置22可以藉由微控制器(未繪式)控制雙向換流裝置22本身的開關,以使雙向換流裝置22操作在市電併聯模式、整流兼功因 校正模式或對蓄電池222充放電。在圖4A與圖4B中,市電Vac之交流電源是在正半週期。在正半週期中,開關SBL 一直維持導通(ON)狀態,並藉由開關SAH 切換來達成激磁與去磁的操作。首先,在圖4A中,開關SAH 導通(ON),讓直流電壓Vdc對電感L1激磁並將電流饋入市電Vac。接著,開關SAH 截止(OFF),電感L1藉由整流元件DAL 進行去磁,同時能量也被饋至市電Vac,如圖4B所示。當在負半週時,雙向換流裝置22的開關切換如圖4C與圖4D所示。開關SBH 總是維持導通(ON)狀態。首先,開關SAL 導通(ON),以使電感L1激磁,如圖4C所示。然後,開關SAL 截止(OFF),以使電感L1去磁,如圖4D所示。簡言之,在下半週期,透過切換開關SAL ,以使直流微電網24中的能量饋入市電Vac。Please refer to FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D . FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D are schematic diagrams showing the operation of the bidirectional commutation device in the mains parallel mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bidirectional commutation device 22 can control the switch of the bidirectional commutation device 22 itself by a microcontroller (not shown) to operate the bidirectional commutation device 22 in the mains parallel mode, the rectification and power factor correction mode, or charge the battery 222. Discharge. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, the AC power supply of the commercial battery Vac is in the positive half cycle. In the positive half cycle, the switch S BL is maintained in an ON state, and the switching of the switch S AH is performed to achieve the excitation and demagnetization operations. First, in FIG. 4A, the switch S AH is turned "ON", causing the DC voltage Vdc to excite the inductor L1 and feed the current to the mains Vac. Next, the switch S AH is turned off (OFF), and the inductor L1 is demagnetized by the rectifying element D AL while the energy is also fed to the mains Vac, as shown in FIG. 4B. When in the negative half cycle, the switching of the bidirectional commutation device 22 is switched as shown in Figures 4C and 4D. The switch S BH is always maintained in an ON state. First, the switch S AL is turned ON to excite the inductor L1 as shown in FIG. 4C. Then, the switch S AL turned off (OFF), so that the demagnetization inductor L1, shown in Figure 4D. In short, in the second half of the cycle, the switch S AL is passed through to switch the energy in the DC microgrid 24 into the mains Vac.
請參照圖5A至圖5D,圖5A至圖5D為本發明實施例之雙向換流裝置操作在功因校正模式的示意圖。當雙向換流器223操作在整流兼功因校正模式時,在市電Vac之交流電源的正負半週期分別以開關SAL 以及SAH 做切換,並透過整流元件進行激磁與去磁,以使市電Vac之電力饋入直流微電網24。在正半週期,開關SAL 導通(ON),以使電感L1激磁,如圖5A所示。然後,開關SAL 截止(OFF),以使電感L1藉由整流元件DAH 去磁,如圖5B所示。在負半週期,開關SAH 導通(ON),以使電感L1激磁,如圖5C所示。然後,開關SAH 截止(OFF),以使電感L1藉由整流元件DBH 去磁,如圖5D所示。Referring to FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D , FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D are schematic diagrams showing the operation of the bidirectional commutation device in the power factor correction mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the bidirectional converter 223 operates in the rectification and power factor correction mode, the positive and negative half cycles of the AC power supply of the commercial battery are switched by the switches S AL and S AH , respectively, and the excitation and demagnetization are performed through the rectifying elements to make the mains The power of Vac is fed into the DC microgrid 24. During the positive half cycle, switch SAL is turned "ON" to energize inductor L1 as shown in Figure 5A. Then, the switch SAL is turned off (OFF) to demagnetize the inductor L1 by the rectifying element D AH as shown in FIG. 5B. During the negative half cycle, switch S AH is turned "ON" to energize inductor L1 as shown in Figure 5C. Then, the switch S AH is turned off (OFF) to demagnetize the inductor L1 by the rectifying element D BH as shown in FIG. 5D.
請參照圖6A至圖6B,圖6A至圖6B為本發明實施例之雙向換流器對蓄電池充放電的示意圖。若直流供電系統2與市電Vac解聯或在無市電電網區域中時,雙向換流器223將做為大功率之直流/直流充放電器。當再生能源裝置20不發電或供給之電力不足以供應直流負載23時,雙向換流器223可以操作在放電模式,雙向換流器223的電路可以等效為升壓型轉換器(boost converter)。如圖6A所示,開關SAL 負責切換,並透過整流元件DAH 與DBL 進行激去磁動作,將蓄電池222之能量提供至直流微電網24。然而,當雙向換流器223操作在充電模式時,雙向換流器223可等效為降壓型轉換器(buck converter),開關SAH 負責切換且開關SBL 被強迫維持導通(ON)以提供激去磁之路徑,如圖6B所示。Please refer to FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B . FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B are schematic diagrams showing the charging and discharging of the battery by the bidirectional converter according to the embodiment of the present invention. If the DC power supply system 2 is disconnected from the mains Vac or in the no mains grid area, the bidirectional converter 223 will act as a high power DC/DC charge and discharge device. When the regenerative energy device 20 does not generate electricity or the supplied power is insufficient to supply the DC load 23, the bidirectional converter 223 can operate in the discharge mode, and the circuit of the bidirectional converter 223 can be equivalent to a boost converter. . 6A, the switch S AL used for switching, and stimulated through degauss rectifying element D AH and D BL, the energy from the battery 222 provided to the DC microgrid 24. However, when the bidirectional converter 223 operates in the charging mode, the bidirectional converter 223 can be equivalent to a buck converter, the switch S AH is responsible for switching and the switch S BL is forced to remain ON (ON). A path of the demagnetization is provided as shown in FIG. 6B.
請參照圖7,圖7為本發明另一實施例之雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統的電路圖。直流供電系統7包括再生能源裝置20、直流轉換器21、雙向換流裝置72、直流負載23與直流微電網24。雙向換流裝置72包括雙向充放電器221、蓄電池222、雙向換流器723與開關電路724。雙向換流器723更包括開關SAH 、SAL 、SBH 、SBL 、SCH 、SCL 、整流元件DAH 、DAL 、DBH 、DBL10 、DCH 、DCL 與電感L2~L4。雙向充放電器221更包括變壓器T1、開關S1、S2與整流元件D1、D2。Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional commutation device and a DC power supply system according to another embodiment of the present invention. The DC power supply system 7 includes a regenerative energy device 20, a DC converter 21, a bidirectional commutation device 72, a DC load 23, and a DC microgrid 24. The bidirectional commutation device 72 includes a bidirectional charge and discharge device 221, a battery 222, a bidirectional inverter 723, and a switch circuit 724. The bidirectional converter 723 further includes switches S AH , S AL , S BH , S BL , S CH , S CL , rectifying elements D AH , D AL , D BH , D BL10 , D CH , D CL and inductors L2 ~ L4 . The bidirectional charge and discharge device 221 further includes a transformer T1, switches S1 and S2, and rectifying elements D1 and D2.
直流供電系統7與圖3之直流供電系統2大致相同,其差異僅在於上述雙向換流器223是單相之換流器,而在此雙向換流器723為三相之換流器。當雙向換流器723操作在市電併聯模式與整流兼功因校正模式時,雙向換流器723之接點R、S、T透過開關電路724分別與市電Vac之接點A、B、C連接。雙向換流器723對蓄電池222充放電時,蓄電池222之接點A’、B’可以透過開關電路724連接雙向換流器723之接點R、S、T中的任兩點。The DC power supply system 7 is substantially the same as the DC power supply system 2 of FIG. 3, except that the above-described bidirectional converter 223 is a single-phase inverter, and the bidirectional converter 723 is a three-phase inverter. When the bidirectional converter 723 operates in the mains parallel mode and the rectification and power factor correction mode, the contacts R, S, and T of the bidirectional inverter 723 are connected to the contacts A, B, and C of the mains Vac via the switch circuit 724, respectively. . When the bidirectional inverter 723 charges and discharges the battery 222, the contacts A' and B' of the battery 222 can be connected to any two of the contacts R, S, and T of the bidirectional inverter 723 via the switch circuit 724.
雙向換流器723的每個相位(包括相位R、S、T)的動作原理與雙向換流器223相同。換句話說,雙向換流器723的每一個相位(包括相位R、S、T)操作在市電併聯模式時,雙向換流器723的操作可以參照圖4A至圖4D之開關切換順序。雙向換流器723的每一個相位(包括相位R、S、T)操作在整流兼功因校正模式時,雙向換流器723的操作可以參照圖5A至圖5D之開關切換順序。雙向換流器723對蓄電池222充放電的操作可以參照圖6A至圖6B的開關切換順序。The principle of operation of each phase (including phases R, S, T) of the bidirectional converter 723 is the same as that of the bidirectional converter 223. In other words, when each phase of the bidirectional converter 723 (including the phases R, S, T) operates in the mains parallel mode, the operation of the bidirectional inverter 723 can refer to the switching sequence of FIGS. 4A through 4D. When each phase of the bidirectional inverter 723 (including the phases R, S, T) is operated in the rectification and power factor correction mode, the operation of the bidirectional converter 723 can refer to the switching sequence of FIGS. 5A to 5D. The operation of charging and discharging the battery 222 by the bidirectional inverter 723 can be referred to the switching sequence of the switches of FIGS. 6A to 6B.
根據本發明實施例,上述的雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統可以適用於併網型或獨立型的綠色能源直流供電系統。再生能源裝置之輸出經過直流轉換器將電力傳到直流微電網,以供給直流負載。具有低額定功率的雙向充放電器可對蓄電池做充放電以延長電池壽命。此雙向充放電器與傳統的大功率直流/直流充放電器相較之下,可省下許多體積和成本。另一方面,當再生能源裝置發電供給直流負載時,多餘的電力可透過雙向換流器饋入市電。當再生能源裝置發電不足以供給直流負載時,則雙向換流器可以整流兼功因校正模式將市電之電力饋入直流微電網。另外,當雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統與市電解聯或在無市電電網的區域中,雙向換流器則與蓄電池連接,以對蓄電池充放電,並可對直流微電網穩壓。因此,本發明提出之雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統,不僅可以降低傳統設計上的成本,還可以提高直流供電系統之實用性。According to the embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned bidirectional converter device and its DC power supply system can be applied to a grid-connected or independent type green energy DC power supply system. The output of the regenerative energy device is passed through a DC converter to transfer power to the DC microgrid to supply a DC load. A bidirectional charge and discharge device with low power rating can charge and discharge the battery to extend battery life. This two-way charge and discharge device saves a lot of volume and cost compared to conventional high-power DC/DC chargers and dischargers. On the other hand, when the regenerative energy device generates electricity to supply a DC load, excess power can be fed into the commercial power through the bidirectional converter. When the regenerative energy device generates insufficient power to supply the DC load, the bidirectional converter can rectify the power of the mains into the DC microgrid by the rectification and power factor correction mode. In addition, when the bidirectional converter device and its DC power supply system are connected to the city or in the area without the mains grid, the bidirectional converter is connected to the battery to charge and discharge the battery, and can regulate the DC microgrid. Therefore, the bidirectional converter device and the DC power supply system thereof provided by the invention can not only reduce the cost of the conventional design, but also improve the practicability of the DC power supply system.
以上所述僅為本發明之實施例,其並非用以侷限本發明之專利範圍。The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1...傳統的直流供電系統1. . . Traditional DC power supply system
10...綠色能源發電系統10. . . Green energy power generation system
11...儲能設備11. . . Energy storage equipment
12、23...直流負載12, 23. . . DC load
13、223、723...雙向換流器13, 223, 723. . . Bidirectional converter
104...太陽能光電板104. . . Solar photovoltaic panel
105...風力發電機105. . . Wind Turbines
106...燃料電池106. . . The fuel cell
101~103...電能處理器101~103. . . Energy processor
112、222...蓄電池112, 222. . . Battery
111、221...雙向充放電器111, 221. . . Bidirectional charge and discharge device
121...照明系統121. . . Lighting system
122...變頻空調系統122. . . Inverter air conditioning system
123...充電站123. . . charging station
124...直流電器測試平台124. . . DC electrical test platform
2、7...直流供電系統2, 7. . . DC power supply system
20...再生能源裝置20. . . Renewable energy device
21...直流轉換器twenty one. . . DC converter
22、72...雙向換流裝置22, 72. . . Two-way commutation device
24...直流微電網twenty four. . . DC microgrid
224、724...開關電路224, 724. . . Switch circuit
S1、S2、SAH 、SAL 、SBH 、SBL 、SCH 、SCL ...開關S1, S2, S AH , S AL , S BH , S BL , S CH , S CL . . . switch
D1、D2、DAH 、DAL 、DBH 、DBL 、DCH 、DCL ...整流元件D1, D2, D AH , D AL , D BH , D BL , D CH , D CL . . . Rectifying component
T1...變壓器T1. . . transformer
L1~L4...電感L1~L4. . . inductance
Vac ...市電V ac . . . Mains
圖1為傳統的直流供電系統的方塊圖。Figure 1 is a block diagram of a conventional DC power supply system.
圖2為本發明實施例之直流供電系統的方塊圖。2 is a block diagram of a DC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖3為本發明實施例之雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統的電路圖。3 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional commutation device and a DC power supply system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖4A至4D為本發明實施例之雙向換流裝置操作在市電併聯模式的示意圖。4A to 4D are schematic diagrams showing the operation of the bidirectional commutation device in the mains parallel mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖5A至5D為本發明實施例之雙向換流裝置操作在整流兼功因校正模式的示意圖。5A to 5D are schematic diagrams showing the operation of the bidirectional commutation device in the rectification and power factor correction mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖6A至6B為本發明實施例之雙向換流器對蓄電池充放電的示意圖。6A to 6B are schematic diagrams showing the charging and discharging of a battery by a bidirectional converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖7為本發明另一實施例之雙向換流裝置及其直流供電系統的電路圖。FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional commutation device and a DC power supply system thereof according to another embodiment of the present invention.
2...直流供電系統2. . . DC power supply system
20...再生能源裝置20. . . Renewable energy device
21...直流轉換器twenty one. . . DC converter
22...雙向換流裝置twenty two. . . Two-way commutation device
23...直流負載twenty three. . . DC load
24...直流微電網twenty four. . . DC microgrid
221...雙向充放電器221. . . Bidirectional charge and discharge device
222...蓄電池222. . . Battery
223...雙向換流器223. . . Bidirectional converter
224...開關電路224. . . Switch circuit
Vac ...交流電源V ac . . . AC power
Claims (10)
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