TWI409452B - Optical ultrasonic observation device and method for delay synchronization control thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關於一種可觀察紋影的觀測裝置,特別是一種可觀察紋影的光學式超音波觀測裝置。The present invention relates to an observation device for observing schlieren, and more particularly to an optical ultrasonic observation device capable of observing schlieren.
紋影(Schlieren)現象最早由英國發明家羅伯特‧胡克(Robert Hooke)於西元1665年所發現,其後由德國科學家托普勒(August Joseph Ignaz Toepler)製造出世界第一個紋影攝影(Schlieren Photography)裝置。The Schlieren phenomenon was first discovered by the British inventor Robert Hooke in 1665, and then by the German scientist August Jose Ignaz Toepler to create the world's first schlieren photography ( Schlieren Photography) device.
而所謂紋影攝影裝置的技術原理,係因為當光線穿透密度不均勻之透明介質時,由於透明介質的折射指數會隨著密度而改變,進而可穿透其中的光束行進方向也因此而折曲,故紋影攝影裝置係利用流體對光波的擾動,以光學觀測的方式呈現密度不均勻處之幾何形狀與濃度,將無法被肉眼所看見的流場變化,轉化為可見的圖像,因而可以拍到一般肉眼所見不到的氣流(或是水流)的形態,且可透過不同的介質,例如液體、氣體或固體以觀察波動特性或是熱空氣傳導的變化。The technical principle of the so-called photographic device is because when the light penetrates the transparent medium with uneven density, the refractive index of the transparent medium changes with the density, and the direction of the light beam that can penetrate there is also folded. Qu, the schlieren photography device utilizes the disturbance of the light wave by the fluid, and presents the geometry and concentration of the density unevenness in an optical observation manner, and converts the flow field that cannot be seen by the naked eye into a visible image, thus It can take the form of airflow (or water flow) that is not visible to the naked eye, and can be transmitted through different media such as liquids, gases or solids to observe fluctuation characteristics or changes in hot air conduction.
一般於傳統紋影攝影裝置的光學架構系統中,通常會包含一個可調整的刀口,一個燈罩式光源和一組透鏡組所組成,以便可以直接觀察影像,如第1圖所示之傳統紋影攝影裝置的光學架構系統。但往往因為光學元件的繁多與透鏡聚焦深度的侷限,使得系統體積龐大不利攜帶性,光學元件又是非常昂貴的器材,且越大面積的透鏡往往越是昂貴,且由於訂製不易,故而價錢更非一般所能負擔,往往無法客製化更大的透鏡,因此會造成影像視野的限制,無法一次收集全程的超音波影像。Generally, in the optical architecture system of the conventional schlieren imaging device, an adjustable blade edge, a lampshade source and a group of lens groups are usually included, so that the image can be directly observed, such as the conventional schlieren shown in FIG. Optical architecture system for photographic devices. However, due to the variety of optical components and the limitation of the depth of focus of the lens, the system is bulky and unfavorable. The optical components are very expensive equipment, and the larger the area of the lens, the more expensive it is, and the order is not easy, so the price It is not generally affordable, and it is often impossible to customize a larger lens. Therefore, the image field of view is limited, and the entire ultrasonic image cannot be collected at one time.
而如第2圖所示其為傳統的空間濾波器系統(如光學訊號處理或傅立葉光學轉換系統),即所謂的4倍焦距(4f)系統,當其雷射經過擴束器所進行的擴束後,即變成平行光,再經過物平面後,此時坐標為(x1 ,y1 ),透過物平面的光波則為物函數f(x1 ,y1 ),該光波由透鏡1到達後焦距平面(頻譜面或刀口)即可得到物函數的頻譜,坐標為(u,v);再經由透鏡2,在透鏡2的像平面上可以得到與物相等大小且完全相似,但坐標完全反轉的像,設其坐標為(x2 ,y2 );而將坐標完全反轉後,可以得到與原物的完全相同的像。該系統僅有一道光場(約直徑5公分大小),因此當觀察全程的超音波聲場時,需要進行兩次的平移拍攝,故而增加了拍攝的難度。As shown in Fig. 2, it is a conventional spatial filter system (such as optical signal processing or Fourier optical conversion system), the so-called 4x focal length (4f) system, when its laser is expanded by a beam expander. After the beam, it becomes parallel light, and after passing through the object plane, the coordinates are (x 1 , y 1 ), and the light wave passing through the object plane is the object function f(x 1 , y 1 ), and the light wave is reached by the lens 1. The back focal plane (spectral plane or edge) can obtain the spectrum of the object function, the coordinates are (u, v); then through the lens 2, the image plane of the lens 2 can be equal in size and completely similar, but the coordinates are completely The inverted image is set to (x 2 , y 2 ); and the coordinates are completely inverted to obtain the exact same image as the original. The system has only one light field (about 5 cm in diameter), so when observing the entire ultrasonic sound field, it requires two panning shots, which increases the difficulty of shooting.
而在先前技術的資料中,如美國專利編號第4,681,437號專利文獻雖架構了一組光學紋影系統,且提出了架設紋影法的技術,但未針對視野光場的大、小及其應用有任何的先進建議。In the prior art, for example, the patent document No. 4,681,437 of the US Patent No. 4,681,437 has a set of optical schlieren systems, and proposes a technique of erecting the schlieren method, but does not aim at the large and small fields of the field of view and its application. Have any advanced advice.
又如於美國專利編號第3,847,484號專利文獻中,雖已使用雷射作為光學紋影系統的光源,比起其他的光源,雷射光源更適合應用於紋影系統上,且不需以水冷進行降溫,但仍未提及所形成的光場大小以及其實際應用。In U.S. Patent No. 3,847,484, although a laser has been used as a light source for an optical schlieren system, a laser source is more suitable for use in a striated system than other sources, and does not require water cooling. Cooling down, but still does not mention the size of the light field formed and its practical application.
如於美國專利編號第5,515,158號專利文獻中,雖已架構了單一鏡片式的反射聚焦式紋影系統,其係一種利用鏡片反射以將光源集中的紋影系統,而當該紋影系統之光源穿透過流場至反射光柵上,可產生一片反射光,且於反射回返後,穿透流場至第一片鏡片上,再成像於其後方,但仍並未提及控制端設計及擴束光場的應用。In the patent document No. 5,515,158, a single-lens reflex-focusing schlieren system is constructed, which is a smear system that uses lens reflection to concentrate the light source, and when the schlieren system is a light source Through the flow field to the reflection grating, a piece of reflected light can be generated, and after the reflection returns, the flow field is penetrated to the first lens and then imaged behind it, but the control end design and expansion are not mentioned yet. The application of the light field.
而如於美國專利編號第3582185號專利文獻中,該發明係有關於紋影光學系統,包含控制光源照明的控制系統以及一個屏障系統,猶如西洋棋所排列的鏡面位於光路徑上,鏡片已架設於光路徑上,雖可於光路徑的影像上提供遮蔽系統,且可預防或允許光的通過,但仍未提及紋影系統的光學成像結構與其系統的擴束方式。In the patent document No. 3582185, the invention relates to a schlieren optical system, comprising a control system for controlling illumination of a light source and a barrier system, as if the mirror arranged in the chess is located on the light path, the lens has been erected. In the light path, although the shielding system can be provided on the image of the light path, and the passage of light can be prevented or allowed, the optical imaging structure of the schlieren system and the expansion method of the system thereof are not mentioned.
在光學系統成像的過程中,倘將一個平面的圖形置於一個理想透鏡(傅立葉轉換透鏡)的前焦距平面上,在透鏡的後焦距平面就可得到準確的傅立葉轉換,即可得到它的頻譜函數。但相反的,倘將一個平面圖形的頻譜放在一個理想透鏡的前焦距平面上,於透鏡的後焦距平面就可以得到該平面圖形(但若是圖形的坐標則需要進行反轉)。倘由電子學的通訊理論可得知,若對信號的頻譜進行濾波處理,再將信號還原後,便可以去除信號的雜訊等;因此可以將該通訊理論比擬在透鏡的後焦距平面上,當放置了各種形狀和大小的光欄而得以改變圖形的頻譜,再對圖形以第二個透鏡進行成像,所得到經過處理的圖形,便是光學訊號處理,而在透鏡的後焦距平面上所放置的光欄,便是所謂的空間濾波器。In the process of imaging the optical system, if a plane pattern is placed on the front focal plane of an ideal lens (Fourier transform lens), an accurate Fourier transform can be obtained on the back focal plane of the lens to obtain its spectrum. function. Conversely, if the spectrum of a planar pattern is placed on the front focal plane of an ideal lens, the planar image can be obtained from the back focal plane of the lens (but if the coordinates of the graphic are reversed). If it is known from the communication theory of electronics, if the spectrum of the signal is filtered and then the signal is restored, the noise of the signal can be removed; therefore, the communication theory can be compared on the back focal plane of the lens. When a light bar of various shapes and sizes is placed to change the spectrum of the pattern, and then the second lens is imaged, the processed image is processed by optical signal, and on the back focal plane of the lens. The light bar placed is the so-called spatial filter.
故綜上所述,先前技術的缺失包括了下述的:Therefore, in summary, the lack of prior art includes the following:
1. 傳統的光學紋影量測系統體積龐大,不具備可攜性,故不利商業化成品的發展。1. The traditional optical schlieren measurement system is bulky and not portable, which is not conducive to the development of commercial products.
2. 視野光場受到限制,故而無法一次觀察到所顯示的全程流場。2. The field of view is limited, so the entire flow field displayed cannot be observed at one time.
3. 擴大光場時須增購更大的透鏡,導致製作成本的增加且加上客製化不易,故不利於一般的商業化發展。3. When expanding the light field, it is necessary to purchase a larger lens, which leads to an increase in production cost and is not easy to customize, which is not conducive to general commercial development.
4. 無法進行時序同步且未具有可調整之微控單晶片核心技術。4. Timing synchronization is not possible and there is no adjustable micro-control single-chip core technology.
故而為能夠提高光學紋影量測系統的量測效率,且為了能夠進行全程流場的觀察,進而產生更有效率的超音波量測,故極需要開發新式之光學紋影量測技術,藉以提高光學紋影量測系統的效率且能夠降低研發的時間與相關製造成本。Therefore, in order to improve the measurement efficiency of the optical striated measurement system, and in order to enable the observation of the whole flow field, thereby generating more efficient ultrasonic measurement, it is extremely necessary to develop a new optical schlieren measurement technology. Improve the efficiency of optical schlieren measurement systems and reduce development time and associated manufacturing costs.
本發明的目的在於提供一種光學式超音波觀測裝置,藉以觀察紋影並提高超音波量測的性能。It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical ultrasonic observation apparatus for observing schlieren and improving the performance of ultrasonic measurement.
本發明之光學式聲場量測裝置包含連續雷射光源、光學透鏡、水箱、空間濾波器及電荷耦合元件檢測器,電腦等元件所組合而成。The optical sound field measuring device of the present invention comprises a combination of a continuous laser light source, an optical lens, a water tank, a spatial filter and a charge coupled device detector, and a computer.
本發明在光路的設計上,係使用光場聚焦的透鏡以直接成像在電荷耦合元件檢測器上,故無須再經由鏡頭的二次成像,且可增強光學訊號,並使聲場的紋理比對更為明顯。The invention adopts a light field focusing lens to directly image on the charge coupled device detector in the design of the optical path, so that it is not necessary to perform secondary imaging through the lens, and the optical signal can be enhanced and the texture of the sound field can be compared. More obvious.
本發明在整體光學架構中,使用分光鏡與反射鏡的擺設角度與搭配,將以往受限的視野光場可以進行數倍的倍增,甚至能視實際需求增加分光鏡的數量而進行無限擴充視野光場。In the overall optical architecture, the angle and matching of the beam splitter and the mirror are used to multiply the previously limited field of view light field by a factor of several times, and the field of view of the spectroscope can be increased according to the actual demand. Light field.
本發明所使用的擴束光場,因採用了分光鏡與反射鏡,故可降低整體的成本,更可利於商業化之發展。The beam expanding light field used in the present invention can reduce the overall cost by using a beam splitter and a mirror, and is more conducive to the development of commercialization.
本發明在水箱內部裝置一個45度角的石英玻璃,可改變超音波的行徑路線而成為超音波軸方向,故可以觀察超音波的波長與焦點的準確位置。The invention adopts a 45-degree angle quartz glass inside the water tank, which can change the path of the ultrasonic wave and become the direction of the ultrasonic axis, so that the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave and the accurate position of the focus can be observed.
本發明之光學單元與超音波控制單元係由單晶片微控器進行連結控制核心,並使用單晶片微控器調整延遲時間,以達到光速與聲速精準同步的效果。The optical unit and the ultrasonic control unit of the present invention are connected to the control core by a single-chip micro-controller, and the single-chip micro-controller is used to adjust the delay time to achieve accurate synchronization of the speed of light and the speed of sound.
本發明係用於觀察超音波波動傳播時,可觀察其超音波聲場紋理的聚焦動向,並進行影像資訊的輔助傳送。The invention is used for observing the ultrasonic wave wave propagation, and can observe the focusing motion of the ultrasonic sound field texture, and perform auxiliary transmission of image information.
本發明之特點在於,使用分光鏡及反射鏡之組合,以及單晶片之精確時間延遲控制,可在傳統的有限4倍焦距的光場長度限制下,而將視野大幅地提高數倍。The invention is characterized in that the use of a combination of a beam splitter and a mirror, as well as precise time delay control of a single wafer, can greatly increase the field of view by several times under the conventional limited optical field length limit of 4 times the focal length.
本發明於超音波軸方向的觀測上,可觀測出同心圓的紋影影像,並計算出波長與焦點位置。In the observation of the direction of the ultrasonic axis of the present invention, the ridge image of the concentric circle can be observed, and the wavelength and the focus position are calculated.
本發明適合收集全程的超音波聚焦資訊,故有利觀察能量波於穿透異質物(如頭骨、肋骨、生物性組織等)後的聲場能量分佈情形,若能事先觀察超音波通過異質物聚焦的位置,則可提升熱治療位置的準確性。The invention is suitable for collecting the ultrasonic focusing information of the whole process, so it is advantageous to observe the distribution of the sound field energy of the energy wave after penetrating the foreign matter (such as skull, rib, biological tissue, etc.), if the ultrasonic wave can be observed in advance through the heterogeneous object. The location can improve the accuracy of the thermal treatment location.
故而,關於本發明之優點與精神可以藉由以下發明詳述及附圖式解說來得到進一步的瞭解。Therefore, the advantages and spirit of the present invention can be further understood from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
本發明為一種光學式超音波觀測裝置及其使用方法,故可提高超音波的溫度與彈性效果,進而可提昇量測效能。The invention relates to an optical ultrasonic observation device and a using method thereof, thereby improving the temperature and elasticity effect of the ultrasonic wave, thereby improving the measurement performance.
如第3圖所示係為本發明之3倍焦距(3F)系統的原理,即本系統以3倍焦距即可顯示出紋影的效果,甚至具有更強的影像對比。而如第3圖中,本發明將雷射光源經由空間濾波器使其光束發散成為一道平行光,該平行光透過物體平面後,此時為1倍焦距,經由一個平凸透鏡將該平行光路所收集到的影像聚焦收斂,此時為2倍焦距,最後聚焦後成像在屏障上顯示,此時為3倍焦距。As shown in Fig. 3, the principle of the 3x focal length (3F) system of the present invention is that the system can display the effect of schlieren with a focal length of 3 times, and even has a stronger image contrast. As shown in FIG. 3, the present invention diffuses a laser light source into a parallel light via a spatial filter. After the parallel light passes through the plane of the object, the focal length is 1 time, and the parallel light path is passed through a plano-convex lens. The collected image is focused and converged. At this time, it is 2 times focal length. After the final focus, the image is displayed on the barrier. At this time, it is 3 times focal length.
如第4圖所示,本發明之一種光學式超音波觀測裝置的光學裝置部分,其元件包括了連續雷射光源(Continuous Waveform,CW)401,衰減鏡片402,物鏡403,針孔404(物鏡403與針孔404可組合稱為空間濾波器),擴束器405,水箱406,光學透鏡407,電荷耦合元件(Charge-coupled Device,CCD)檢測器408以及電腦409以組合而成。As shown in FIG. 4, an optical device portion of an optical ultrasonic observation apparatus of the present invention includes a continuous laser source (CW) 401, an attenuation lens 402, an objective lens 403, and a pinhole 404 (objective lens). 403 and pinhole 404 may be combined as a spatial filter), beam expander 405, water tank 406, optical lens 407, charge-coupled device (CCD) detector 408, and computer 409 are combined.
仍如第4圖所示本發明之一種光學式超音波觀測裝置的光學裝置部分,其中相關位置由連續雷射光源401起,排列衰減鏡片402,再排列物鏡403,續排列針孔404,而排列擴束器405,再排列水箱406,續排列光學透鏡407,最後排列電荷耦合元件(Charge-coupled Device,CCD)檢測器408以及電腦409。Still, as shown in FIG. 4, the optical device portion of an optical ultrasonic observation apparatus of the present invention, wherein the relevant position is from the continuous laser light source 401, the attenuation lens 402 is arranged, the objective lens 403 is arranged, and the pinholes 404 are continuously arranged. The beam expander 405 is arranged, the water tank 406 is arranged, the optical lens 407 is continuously arranged, and the charge-coupled device (CCD) detector 408 and the computer 409 are finally arranged.
其中於第4圖中,所擷取的影像為叢集波,故在擷取影像時,必需以超音波、雷射、相機三方同步進行,因為超音波在水中聲速為1480米/秒,而光速為299,792,458米/秒,因此必須將雷射與相機拍攝時間進行延遲才能擷取到影像。而系統控制則是使用電腦軟體LabVIEW程式建立遠端控制系統(GUI),且所有元件皆使用介面匯流排(GPIB)和RS-232(EIA-RS-232)序列資料通訊介面標準作為連線的機制,包含超音波探頭所需訊號之頻率設定,射頻放大器的放大倍率以及配合功率量測器對輸出功率的監控;故而其輸出結果可即時監控及擷取原始影像訊號。In the fourth picture, the captured image is a cluster wave, so when capturing the image, it must be synchronized with the ultrasonic wave, the laser, and the camera, because the ultrasonic sound speed in the water is 1480 m / s, and the speed of light It is 299,792,458 m / s, so the laser and camera shooting time must be delayed to capture the image. The system control uses the computer software LabVIEW program to establish the remote control system (GUI), and all components use the interface bus (GPIB) and RS-232 (EIA-RS-232) serial data communication interface standard as the connection. The mechanism includes the frequency setting of the signal required by the ultrasonic probe, the amplification of the RF amplifier, and the monitoring of the output power by the power measuring device; therefore, the output result can monitor and capture the original image signal in real time.
仍如第4圖所示之本發明一種光學式超音波觀測裝置之光學裝置部分,其中連續式雷射(Continuous Wave Laser)光源401發出光束後,經由衰減鏡片402,並以平凸透鏡403使光束成為一道平行光,並由針孔404(即透過物鏡403與針孔404所組合之空間濾波器),進入擴束器405,使用擴束器405將該平行光均勻且進行擴束以成為約5公分(cm)的平行光場,而經擴束後的平行光場通過擴束器405的分光鏡405A後,發散而分成穿透平行光束與反射平行光束等兩道光路。再將穿透平行光束以空間濾波器405的反射鏡405B進行反射,使穿透平行光束與前一道的反射平行光束平行,兩道光源相切但不重疊,形成倒8字型的光場於水箱406中,而該倒8字型的光場穿透水箱406,並經由平凸透鏡407,將所收集到的影像進行聚焦收斂,在完成聚焦收斂後進行成像在電荷耦合元件檢測器408上,並傳至電腦409顯示。而本發明除了可以使光場倍增外,更可使光路轉折,以達到縮小整體機體的設計。其設計是將一平行光穿過待測物後所投影的影像,經一平凸透鏡將其聚焦收斂,並直接成像至電荷耦合元件檢測器408光感應器上,擺放的位置為焦點後的虛像,經由電荷耦合元件檢測器408顯示於電腦409的螢幕上。Still, as shown in FIG. 4, an optical device portion of an optical ultrasonic observation apparatus of the present invention, wherein a continuous wave laser light source 401 emits a light beam, passes through the attenuation lens 402, and causes the light beam with a plano-convex lens 403. It becomes a parallel light, and enters the beam expander 405 by the pinhole 404 (that is, the spatial filter combined by the objective lens 403 and the pinhole 404), and the parallel light is uniformly and expanded by the beam expander 405 to become about A parallel light field of 5 cm (cm), and the expanded parallel light field passes through the beam splitter 405A of the beam expander 405, and then diverges into two optical paths, such as a parallel beam and a parallel beam. Then, the parallel beam is reflected by the mirror 405B of the spatial filter 405, so that the parallel beam is parallel with the reflected parallel beam of the previous one, and the two sources are tangent but do not overlap to form an inverted 8-shaped light field. In the water tank 406, the inverted 8-shaped light field penetrates the water tank 406, and the collected image is focused and converged via the plano-convex lens 407, and is imaged on the charge coupled device detector 408 after the focus convergence is completed. And passed to the computer 409 display. In addition to multiplying the optical field, the present invention can also make the optical path turn, so as to reduce the design of the overall body. The design is to image a parallel light passing through the object to be tested, focus it through a plano-convex lens, and directly image it onto the light sensor of the charge-coupled element detector 408, and the position is the virtual image after the focus. Displayed on the screen of computer 409 via charge coupled device detector 408.
第5圖所示為擴束器405之工作原理,即可擴充視野光場進行倍增的示意圖,包含了前視角、上視角、右側視角以及45度視角等,係使用分光鏡405A與反射鏡405B的搭配與其角度的調整設置,而將所受限的光場視野進行倍增。由於分光鏡405A可將光均分成兩道能量幾近相同的光路,因此可利用該特性,將單光道的光場均勻分成兩道光路,擺設角度為45度(可視需求自行控制角度),由於入射角等於出射角,因此當入射角度為45度角時,則會以45度角度進行出射,故可以達到光路90度的轉折,並使用擺設45度角的反射鏡405B,將光路轉成與前一道光路平行的相同光場,而將分光鏡405A與反射鏡405B的正投影相切,即可將兩分開的光場盡量逼近,即可形成一個倒8字型的倍增光場。且可以此增加複數個分光鏡,進行光場的無限擴充。Figure 5 shows the working principle of the beam expander 405, which can expand the field of view field to multiply, including the front view, the upper view, the right view, and the 45 degree view. The splitter 405A and the mirror 405B are used. The collocation is adjusted with its angle adjustment, and the limited field of view of the light field is multiplied. Since the beam splitter 405A can divide the light into two optical paths with nearly the same energy, the light field of the single track can be evenly divided into two optical paths with an angle of 45 degrees (the angle can be controlled by the visual demand). Since the incident angle is equal to the exit angle, when the incident angle is 45 degrees, the angle is 45 degrees, so that the optical path can be turned 90 degrees, and the optical path is converted into a mirror 405B with a 45 degree angle. The same light field parallel to the previous optical path, and the beam splitter 405A and the orthographic projection of the mirror 405B are tangent, the two separate light fields can be approximated as close as possible to form an inverted 8-shaped multiplied light field. And a plurality of beamsplitters can be added to perform an infinite expansion of the light field.
如第6A圖所示(參考第4圖中的擴束器405)之2倍數擴束器,當將分光鏡組擴至2片,即以1片反射鏡加上1片分光鏡,可以將光束擴充至2倍。而如第6B圖所示之3倍數擴束器,將分光鏡組擴至3片,即以1片反射鏡加上2片分光鏡,可以將光束擴充至3倍。又如第6C圖所示之多倍數(N倍數)擴束器,若將分光鏡組擴至N片,即以1片反射鏡加上N-1片分光鏡,即可以將光束擴充至N倍,而N倍為自然數倍。擴束器可於本發明之光學系統內進行擴束,而其具有擴充光場的功能,故可以減少二次平移的拍攝時間,以及減少成本的支出,並可一次觀察到全程的「超音波聲場紋影」影像。As shown in Fig. 6A (refer to the beam expander 405 in Fig. 4), the double beam expander can expand the beam splitter to two, that is, one mirror plus one beam splitter. The beam is expanded to 2 times. As with the 3x beam expander shown in Fig. 6B, the beam splitter is expanded to 3, that is, with 1 mirror plus 2 beamsplitters, the beam can be expanded to 3 times. In addition, as shown in Fig. 6C, the multiple (N-multiple) beam expander can expand the beam to N by expanding the beam splitter group to N slices, that is, by adding one mirror and N-1 beam splitter. Times, and N times is a natural multiple. The beam expander can be expanded in the optical system of the present invention, and has the function of expanding the light field, so that the shooting time of the second translation can be reduced, and the cost is reduced, and the whole process of "sound wave" can be observed at one time. Sound field shadow image.
如第7圖所示之以超音波軸方向觀察波長與焦點之圖示。可於超音波聲場路徑中,即於水箱406內裝設安放一個45度角的石英玻璃,該使用原理為利用入射角等於出射角的物理定義,超音波的路徑會改變90度的轉折,進而與電荷耦合元件檢測器408的超音波軸方向平行,此時電荷耦合元件檢測器408所擷取到的影像為一同心圓(亮暗紋圓形分布)的紋影影像,中間的黑點為焦點位置,亮紋為波峰,暗紋為波谷,計算波峰至波峰之間的距離為3.75毫米(mm),經量測圖片尺寸與實際尺寸的孔徑大小,並由比例關係計算得知,可得波長等於3.75毫米(即與400千赫茲之超音波波長相符),因此說明本觀測法適合用於量測超音波聲波的波長。As shown in Fig. 7, the wavelength and focus are observed in the direction of the ultrasonic axis. The quartz glass can be placed in the ultrasonic sound field path, that is, a 45 degree angle is installed in the water tank 406. The principle of use is to use the physical definition that the incident angle is equal to the exit angle, and the path of the ultrasonic wave changes the 90 degree turn. Further, it is parallel to the ultrasonic axis direction of the charge coupled device detector 408. At this time, the image captured by the charge coupled device detector 408 is a concentric circle (light and dark circular distribution) of the schlieren image, and the black dot in the middle As the focus position, the bright lines are peaks and the dark lines are troughs. The distance between the peaks and the peaks is calculated to be 3.75 mm (mm). The size of the picture and the actual size of the aperture are measured and calculated by the proportional relationship. The wavelength is equal to 3.75 mm (ie, coincides with the ultrasonic wavelength of 400 kHz), thus indicating that this observation method is suitable for measuring the wavelength of ultrasonic sound waves.
第8圖示係在不同的時序暫態下,超音波軸方向的超音波同心圓紋影影像。The eighth figure is an ultrasonic concentric circular shadow image in the direction of the ultrasonic axis under different timing transients.
第9圖為本發明之一種光學式超音波觀測裝置的完整示意圖,亦請參考第4圖本發明之光學裝置部分的說明。於本第9圖中所示,包含了第4圖所示的光學裝置部分,以及由第4圖所示的電腦409連接單晶片微控器裝置911,續連接訊號產生器912,再連接放大器913,最後連接聚焦式超音波914,以作為產生一超音波源;其中單晶片微控器裝置911並連接連續式雷射光源401以直接啟動連續式雷射光源401。本發明由電腦409啟動單晶片微控器裝置911,而該單晶片微控器裝置911啟動訊號產生器912,傳送訊號至放大器913以進行放大而控制聚焦式超音波914。該單晶片微控器裝置911可傳送訊號至電腦409以控制電荷耦合元件檢測器408的拍攝時間。Figure 9 is a complete schematic view of an optical ultrasonic observation apparatus of the present invention, and also refers to the description of the optical device portion of the present invention in Fig. 4. As shown in FIG. 9, the optical device portion shown in FIG. 4 is included, and the single-chip micro-controller device 911 is connected to the computer 409 shown in FIG. 4, and the signal generator 912 is continuously connected, and the amplifier is connected. 913. Finally, the focused ultrasonic 914 is connected to generate a supersonic source; wherein the single-wafer micro-controller device 911 is coupled to the continuous laser source 401 to directly activate the continuous laser source 401. The present invention activates the single-wafer microcontroller device 911 by the computer 409, which activates the signal generator 912 and transmits a signal to the amplifier 913 for amplification to control the focused ultrasound 914. The single chip microcontroller device 911 can transmit signals to the computer 409 to control the capture time of the charge coupled device detector 408.
而如第10圖為本發明一種光學式超音波觀測裝置之延遲同步控制的方法,係以單晶片微控器911之內部迴圈製造延遲訊號,藉以控制時序,再根據不同的複個儀器需要而給予不同的複數個該延遲訊號,傳送該複數個延遲訊號予電腦409以進行一參數化控制,使電腦409僅需選擇雷射401開啟時間(可發生明暗的效果),訊號產生器912開啟時間(波前位置)以及電荷耦合元件檢測器408的拍攝時間(具有明暗的效果)。電腦409使用LabVIEW電腦軟體之圖形化介面進行控制,使用LabVIEW軟體以控制單晶片微控器的參數,進行訊號產生器912的功能選擇,以及進行選擇功率放大器913的增益值(Gain),故本發明可以拍攝出「超音波聲場」的前進情況。而第10圖中之FG為訊號產生器,圖中之N係為所打出的第幾次訊號。故為了要抓到完整的波,以抓取某一次的訊號為起點,此時從電荷耦合元件檢測器408中仍無法看到波紋,藉由每次FG與電荷耦合元件檢測器408開啟間隔,會增加一小時間(4.125微秒),由於FG關閉時間為固定,所以FG與電荷耦合元件檢測器408開啟間隔便可以決定波前位置,也可以設定為迴圈,如此便可以連續拍下波的行進。FIG. 10 is a method for delay synchronization control of an optical ultrasonic observation apparatus according to the present invention. The delay signal is manufactured by the internal loop of the single-chip micro-controller 911, thereby controlling the timing, and then according to different needs of the multiple instruments. And the plurality of delay signals are given, and the plurality of delay signals are transmitted to the computer 409 for a parameterized control, so that the computer 409 only needs to select the laser 401 on time (the effect of brightness and darkness may occur), and the signal generator 912 is turned on. Time (wavefront position) and photographing time of the charge coupled device detector 408 (having a bright and dark effect). The computer 409 is controlled by the graphical interface of the LabVIEW computer software, the LabVIEW software is used to control the parameters of the single-chip microcontroller, the function of the signal generator 912 is selected, and the gain value (Gain) of the power amplifier 913 is selected. The invention can capture the progress of the "sound wave sound field". The FG in Fig. 10 is the signal generator, and the N in the figure is the first signal that is played. Therefore, in order to capture a complete wave, to grab a certain signal as a starting point, at this time, the ripple is still not visible from the charge coupled device detector 408, and each time the FG and the charge coupled device detector 408 are opened, It will increase for a small time (4.125 microseconds). Since the FG off time is fixed, the FG and the charge coupled device detector 408 can be spaced apart to determine the wavefront position, or can be set as a loop, so that the wave can be continuously captured. The march.
本發明之測試結果,經選取豬隻腦腔室四周不同厚度的頭骨蓋作為實驗試驗材料,其約35毫米×35毫米的面積,試驗拍攝的厚度尺寸有2毫米、3.5毫米、6毫米及完全沒放頭骨的四種影像。經由訊號產生器供給500毫伏特(mV)峰對峰值電壓,經放大器將功率放大後由聚焦式超音波的400千赫茲(kHz)探頭進行放出叢集波,其實驗結果如下述。According to the test result of the present invention, the skull cover of different thickness around the brain chamber of the pig is selected as the experimental test material, and the area of about 35 mm×35 mm is 2 mm, 3.5 mm, 6 mm and completely. There are four images of the skull. A peak-to-peak voltage of 500 millivolts (mV) was supplied via a signal generator, and the power was amplified by an amplifier, and a clustered wave was emitted from a 400 kHz probe of a focused ultrasonic wave. The experimental results are as follows.
如第11圖所示的紋影圖像(並未置放任何豬頭骨),係為400千赫茲的叢集波影像,即以遞增時序所拍攝到的可見波傳遞的影像,其超音波由箭頭方向傳遞。訊號產生器參數設定為500毫伏特(mV)的峰對峰值,迴圈(cycles)數為10迴圈,而脈衝重複頻率(Pulse Repetition Frequency,PRF)為500赫茲。延遲電路則設定每隔1.8微秒(μS)觸發控制電荷耦合元件檢測器408以擷取影像;而雷射401則每隔1.8微秒,開啟5微秒的時間。The schlieren image shown in Figure 11 (without any pig skulls) is a 400 kHz cluster wave image, that is, the image transmitted by the visible wave at increasing timing, the ultrasonic wave is made up of arrows Directional delivery. The signal generator parameters are set to a peak-to-peak value of 500 millivolts (mV), the number of cycles is 10 loops, and the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) is 500 Hz. The delay circuit sets the control charge coupled device detector 408 to capture the image every 1.8 microseconds (μS), while the laser 401 turns on for 5 microseconds every 1.8 microseconds.
第12圖為放置2毫米厚度的豬頭骨後,其與第11圖進行比較的影像圖。Fig. 12 is an image view comparing the pig skull of 2 mm thickness with that of Fig. 11.
第13圖為放置3.5毫米厚度的豬頭骨後,其與第11圖進行比較的影像圖。Fig. 13 is an image view comparing the pig skull of 3.5 mm thickness with that of Fig. 11.
第14圖為放置6毫米厚度的豬頭骨後,其與第11圖進行比較的影像圖。Figure 14 is an image comparison of the pig skull of 6 mm thickness after comparison with Fig. 11.
於前述第12圖至第14圖中,當探頭開啟後,可以累加方式,間隔1.8微秒觸發電荷耦合元件檢測器408和雷射401以擷取影像。故在圖上可以清楚比較出,隨著厚度的增厚,經穿透的能量聲場會隨之減弱,亦可看出超音波聲場的焦點位置及壓力分佈,且因為頭骨為不規則曲面,故於超音波穿透過後,其聚焦位置會有所改變,因此也可觀察穿過頭骨後的焦點位置改變的方向,視野光場範圍約為10公分(一個圓直徑為5公分),故可觀察全程的聚焦式超音波前進動向。實驗結果可知,400千赫茲聚焦式超音波的「聲場」可證明光學紋影系統可以有效率的觀察超音波穿透異質物後的聚焦或發散狀況。In the foregoing FIGS. 12 to 14, when the probe is turned on, the charge coupled device detector 408 and the laser 401 can be triggered to capture images by an additive manner at intervals of 1.8 microseconds. Therefore, it can be clearly seen on the graph that as the thickness is thickened, the penetrating energy sound field will be weakened, and the focal position and pressure distribution of the ultrasonic sound field can also be seen, and because the skull is an irregular surface. Therefore, after the ultrasonic wave has penetrated, the focus position will change, so the direction of the focus position after passing through the skull can also be observed. The field of view field is about 10 cm (one circle is 5 cm in diameter), so The full-range focused ultrasonic forward motion can be observed. The experimental results show that the "sound field" of the 400 kHz focused ultrasound can prove that the optical striated system can effectively observe the focus or divergence of the ultrasonic wave after penetrating the foreign matter.
此外,第15圖為透過本發明之光學系統的工業用超音波的聲場分佈量測圖。本聲場之頻率為28千赫茲,由圖中所示之波場分佈可清楚觀測,亦可證實本發明於20千赫茲附近之頻率等級亦可成功觀測,因此本發明系統除可以應用在生物醫學超音波之觀測外,亦可以應用於工業級超音波系統之聲場觀測。Further, Fig. 15 is a view showing a sound field distribution measurement of an industrial ultrasonic wave transmitted through the optical system of the present invention. The frequency of the sound field is 28 kHz, and the wave field distribution shown in the figure can be clearly observed. It can also be confirmed that the frequency level of the invention near 20 kHz can also be successfully observed, so the system of the present invention can be applied to biological In addition to the observation of medical ultrasound, it can also be applied to the sound field observation of industrial-grade ultrasonic systems.
故綜合以上所述,就光路元件系統而言,就傳統的4倍焦距(4F)系統與本發明的3倍焦距(3F)系統的比較,本發明的3倍焦距系統明顯體積縮小,且具有擴束功能,故無須做二次平移取像,且在體積與取像品質上,以及拍攝時間都大大提升。而本發明之特點在於精簡化,以超音波聲場與聚焦式超音波進行結合,將受侷限的觀測視野光場進行倍增擴大,並利用單晶片微控器進行光與聲的延遲同步控制,故可拍攝出超音波聲場的暫態影像,僅一次即可獲得全程超音波影像。Therefore, in view of the above, in terms of the optical path component system, the 3x focal length system of the present invention is significantly smaller in size and compared with the conventional 4x focal length (4F) system and the 3x focal length (3F) system of the present invention. The beam expanding function eliminates the need for a secondary panning image, and the volume and image quality, as well as the shooting time, are greatly improved. The invention is characterized by the simplification, combining the ultrasonic sound field with the focused ultrasonic wave, multiplying and expanding the limited observation field light field, and performing the delay synchronization control of the light and the sound by using the single-chip micro controller. Therefore, a transient image of the ultrasonic sound field can be taken, and the entire ultrasonic image can be obtained only once.
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,並非用以限定本發明之申請專利範圍;凡其它未脫離本發明所揭示之精神下所完成之等效改變或修飾,均應包含在下述之申請專利範圍內。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all other equivalent changes or modifications which are not departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the following. Within the scope of the patent application.
401...連續式雷射光源401. . . Continuous laser source
402...衰減鏡片402. . . Attenuating lens
403...平凸透鏡403. . . Plano-convex lens
404...針孔404. . . Pinhole
405...擴束器405. . . Beam expander
405A...分光鏡405A. . . Beam splitter
405B...反射鏡405B. . . Reflector
406...水箱406. . . Water tank
407...平凸透鏡407. . . Plano-convex lens
408...電荷耦合元件檢測器408. . . Charge coupled device detector
409...電腦409. . . computer
911...單晶片微控器裝置911. . . Single chip micro controller device
912...訊號產生器912. . . Signal generator
913...放大器913. . . Amplifier
914...聚焦式超音波914. . . Focused ultrasound
第1圖所示為傳統紋影攝影裝置的光學架構系統。Figure 1 shows the optical architecture system of a conventional schlieren camera.
第2圖所示為傳統的空間濾波器系統。Figure 2 shows a traditional spatial filter system.
第3圖所示為本發明之3倍焦距系統的原理。Figure 3 shows the principle of the 3x focal length system of the present invention.
第4圖所示為本發明之光學式超音波觀測裝置的光學裝置部分。Fig. 4 is a view showing an optical device portion of the optical ultrasonic observation apparatus of the present invention.
第5圖所示為擴束器之工作原理。Figure 5 shows the working principle of the beam expander.
第6A圖所示係2倍數擴束器之示意圖。Figure 6A shows a schematic diagram of a 2x beam expander.
第6B圖所示係3倍數擴束器之示意圖。Figure 6B shows a schematic diagram of a 3x beam expander.
第6C圖所示係多倍數擴束器之示意圖。Figure 6C shows a schematic diagram of a multiple multiple beam expander.
第7圖所示以超音波軸方向觀察波長與焦點之圖示。Figure 7 shows an illustration of the wavelength and focus in the direction of the ultrasonic axis.
第8圖示係在不同的時序暫態下,超音波軸方向的超音波同心圓紋影影像。The eighth figure is an ultrasonic concentric circular shadow image in the direction of the ultrasonic axis under different timing transients.
第9圖為本發明光學式超音波觀測裝置的完整示意圖。Figure 9 is a complete schematic view of the optical ultrasonic observation apparatus of the present invention.
第10圖為本發明之延遲同步控制的裝置。Figure 10 is a diagram of the apparatus for delay synchronization control of the present invention.
第11圖所示為400千赫茲的叢集波影像。Figure 11 shows a 400 kHz cluster wave image.
第12圖為放置2毫米厚度的豬頭骨後,其與第11圖進行比較的影像圖。Fig. 12 is an image view comparing the pig skull of 2 mm thickness with that of Fig. 11.
第13圖為放置3.5毫米厚度的豬頭骨後,其與第11圖進行比較的影像圖。Fig. 13 is an image view comparing the pig skull of 3.5 mm thickness with that of Fig. 11.
第14圖為放置6毫米厚度的豬頭骨後,其與第11圖進行比較的影像圖。Figure 14 is an image comparison of the pig skull of 6 mm thickness after comparison with Fig. 11.
第15圖為透過本發明之光學系統的工業用超音波的聲場分佈量測圖。Fig. 15 is a view showing the sound field distribution measurement of the industrial ultrasonic wave transmitted through the optical system of the present invention.
401...連續式雷射光源401. . . Continuous laser source
402...衰減鏡片402. . . Attenuating lens
403...平凸透鏡403. . . Plano-convex lens
404...針孔404. . . Pinhole
405...擴束器405. . . Beam expander
405A...分光鏡405A. . . Beam splitter
405B...反射鏡405B. . . Reflector
406...水箱406. . . Water tank
407...平凸透鏡407. . . Plano-convex lens
408...電荷耦合元件檢測器408. . . Charge coupled device detector
409...電腦409. . . computer
911...單晶片微控器裝置911. . . Single chip micro controller device
912...訊號產生器912. . . Signal generator
913...放大器913. . . Amplifier
914...聚焦式超音波914. . . Focused ultrasound
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