TWI403594B - Multi element alloy base piston ring - Google Patents
Multi element alloy base piston ring Download PDFInfo
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本提案係關於一種活塞環，特別是一種多元合金活塞環，且活塞環表面形成有氮化層。This proposal relates to a piston ring, particularly a multi-alloy piston ring, and a nitride layer is formed on the surface of the piston ring.
不論是機車還是汽車，在行駛一段時間後，必定會面臨到引擎磨損的問題，尤其是針對汽車或是大型車輛等引擎機具而言，其引擎活塞的反覆運動更為激烈，而活塞環係裝設於活塞上而與汽缸之間形成接觸密合關係，不致使汽缸內的機油溢出至燃燒室。位在引擎活塞內的活塞環在高溫環境反覆的作動，活塞環所受的衝擊力道更是巨大，活塞環的損耗機率相較於其他零件來說是比較高。Whether it is a locomotive or a car, after driving for a period of time, it will definitely face the problem of engine wear, especially for engine tools such as cars or large vehicles, the reverse movement of the engine piston is more intense, and the piston ring is installed. It is disposed on the piston to form a contact close relationship with the cylinder, so that the oil in the cylinder does not overflow into the combustion chamber. The piston ring in the piston of the engine is repeatedly operated in a high temperature environment, and the impact force of the piston ring is huge, and the loss probability of the piston ring is relatively high compared with other parts.
因此，活塞環的基本要求是必須具備高硬度、高耐磨耗性(即低磨耗速率)、高耐疲勞性及高耐蝕性等特性，而目前所見之習用的活塞環之材質皆是以鐵基材料為主，並無法滿足上述的使用需求。為了滿足活塞環的基本使用需求，並同時增加活塞環的使用壽命，遂針對活塞環施以表面處理製程，例如電鍍(electroplating)、氣體滲氮(gas nitriding)、物理氣相沉積(physical vapor deposition，PVD)、化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition，CVD)等表面處理技術，以於活塞環的基材表面披覆一硬化層，藉此提高活塞環的硬度及耐磨耗性，進而增加活塞環的使用壽命。Therefore, the basic requirement of the piston ring is that it must have high hardness, high wear resistance (ie, low wear rate), high fatigue resistance and high corrosion resistance. However, the materials of the piston rings that are currently used are iron. The base material is the main material and cannot meet the above-mentioned use requirements. In order to meet the basic needs of the piston ring and increase the service life of the piston ring, a surface treatment process is applied to the piston ring, such as electroplating, gas nitriding, physical vapor deposition (physical vapor deposition). Surface treatment technology such as PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to coat the surface of the substrate of the piston ring with a hardened layer, thereby increasing the hardness and wear resistance of the piston ring, thereby increasing the piston. The life of the ring.
然而，電鍍製程所產生的污染問題並不符合目前的環保要求，電鍍製程已不再是活塞環之表面處理製程的主流技術。氣體滲氮製程於活塞環表面所形成的氮化層之硬度與耐磨耗性不佳，其活塞環的表面性質並不足以應用於目前的大型引擎機具上。However, the pollution problem caused by the electroplating process does not meet the current environmental protection requirements, and the electroplating process is no longer the mainstream technology of the surface treatment process of the piston ring. The hardness and wear resistance of the nitride layer formed on the surface of the piston ring by the gas nitriding process is not good, and the surface properties of the piston ring are not sufficient for the current large engine tools.
物理氣相沉積製程(PVD)或是化學氣相沉積製程(CVD)雖然為目前活塞環之表面處理製程的主流技術，但其在活塞環表面所沉積形成的硬化層之厚度過薄，且硬化層與活塞環本體的鍵結力不佳，以及硬化層與活塞環本體的熱膨脹係數差異過大，如此都將導致硬化層容易自活塞環上剝離，同樣也造成活塞環的使用壽命過短的問題。另外，物理氣相沉積製程或是化學氣相沉積製程的生產效率不彰，並不適合用於大量生產的製程，且製造成本亦過於昂貴。Although the physical vapor deposition process (PVD) or the chemical vapor deposition process (CVD) is the mainstream technology of the current surface treatment process of the piston ring, the thickness of the hardened layer formed on the surface of the piston ring is too thin and hardened. The bonding force between the layer and the piston ring body is not good, and the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the hardened layer and the piston ring body is too large, so that the hardened layer is easily peeled off from the piston ring, which also causes the service life of the piston ring to be too short. . In addition, physical vapor deposition processes or chemical vapor deposition processes are inefficient, are not suitable for mass production processes, and are too expensive to manufacture.
另外，習用之活塞環的表面處理製程更大致分為三種方式：(1)先改變活塞環的基材材質，再對基材進行滲氮處理；(2)先對活塞環進行表面處理，再進行滲氮處理；(3)先對活塞環進行滲氮處理，再於活塞環表面披覆一硬化層。In addition, the surface treatment process of the conventional piston ring is roughly divided into three ways: (1) first changing the material of the base material of the piston ring, and then nitriding the substrate; (2) first treating the surface of the piston ring, and then Nitriding treatment; (3) nitriding the piston ring first, and then coating a hardened layer on the surface of the piston ring.
然而，上述三種習用活塞環的表面處理製程方式，皆未跳脫目前業界以電鍍、氣體滲氮、物理氣相沉積、化學氣相沉積等表面處理技術的範疇，因此目前活塞環於應用過程中仍存在有上述的限制及問題。However, the surface treatment processes of the above three conventional piston rings have not escaped the current surface treatment technologies such as electroplating, gas nitriding, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, etc., so the piston ring is currently in use. There are still limitations and problems mentioned above.
鑒於以上的問題，本提案在於提供一種多元合金活塞環，藉以解決習用活塞環的材質為鐵基材料，以及習用活塞環之表面處理製程所產生之活塞環表面硬度不佳、耐磨耗性差、硬化層與活塞環本體的鍵結力不彰，導致硬化層容易剝落，造成活塞環的使用壽命過短等問題。In view of the above problems, the proposal is to provide a multi-alloy piston ring, which is to solve the problem that the material of the conventional piston ring is iron-based material, and the surface of the piston ring produced by the conventional piston ring has poor surface hardness and poor wear resistance. The bonding force between the hardened layer and the piston ring body is not good, and the hardened layer is easily peeled off, causing problems such as a short service life of the piston ring.
本提案所揭露之一種多元合金活塞環包括有一金屬基材，及形成於金屬基材上的一氮化層。金屬基材包括有鋁(Al)元素、鉻(Cr)元素、鈷(Co)元素、鐵(Fe)元素及鎳(Ni)元素，其中鋁元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的a%(1%≦a%≦11%)，鉻元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的b%(11%≦b%≦37%)，鈷元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的c%(13%≦c%≦34%)，鐵元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的d%(13%≦d%≦50%)，以及鎳元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的e%(10%≦e%≦34%)，而a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%。A multi-alloy piston ring disclosed in the present proposal includes a metal substrate and a nitride layer formed on the metal substrate. The metal substrate includes aluminum (Al) element, chromium (Cr) element, cobalt (Co) element, iron (Fe) element and nickel (Ni) element, wherein the weight percentage of the aluminum element is a% of the total composition of the alloy (1) %≦a%≦11%), the weight percentage of chromium element is b% (11%≦b%≦37%) of the total composition of the alloy, and the weight percentage of cobalt element is c% of the total composition of the alloy (13%≦c%) ≦34%), the weight percentage of iron is d% (13% ≦d% ≦ 50%) of the total composition of the alloy, and the weight percentage of nickel element is e% of the total composition of the alloy (10% ≦e% ≦ 34%) ), and a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%.
本提案較佳實施例所述之多元合金活塞環，其金屬基材更可包含銅(Cu)元素。銅元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的f%，(13%≦f%≦21%)，而a%+b%+c%+d%+e%+f%≦100%。In the multi-alloy piston ring of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal substrate may further comprise a copper (Cu) element. The weight percentage of copper element is f% of the total composition of the alloy, (13% ≦f% ≦ 21%), and a% + b% + c% + d% + e% + f% ≦ 100%.
本提案所揭露之另一種多元合金活塞環包括有一金屬基材，及形成於金屬基材上的一氮化層。金屬基材包括有鋁(Al)元素、鉻(Cr)元素、鐵(Fe)元素、錳(Mn)元素及鎳(Ni)元素，其中鋁元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的a%(1%≦a%≦11%)，鉻元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的b%(11%≦b%≦37%)，鐵元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的c%(13%≦c%≦50%)，錳元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的d%(19%≦d%≦28%)，以及鎳元素之重量百分比為合金總組成的e%(10%≦e%≦34%)，而a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%。Another multi-alloy piston ring disclosed in the present proposal includes a metal substrate and a nitride layer formed on the metal substrate. The metal substrate includes aluminum (Al) element, chromium (Cr) element, iron (Fe) element, manganese (Mn) element and nickel (Ni) element, wherein the weight percentage of the aluminum element is a% of the total composition of the alloy (1) %≦a%≦11%), the weight percentage of chromium element is b% of the total composition of the alloy (11%≦b%≦37%), and the weight percentage of iron element is c% of the total composition of the alloy (13%≦c%) ≦50%), the weight percentage of manganese is d% (19% ≦d% ≦ 28%) of the total composition of the alloy, and the weight percentage of nickel element is e% of the total composition of the alloy (10% ≦e% ≦ 34%) ), and a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%.
本提案之功效在於，使用多元成分合金做為活塞環的材料，並且藉由一滲氮製程而於活塞環的表面形成有具備高硬度與高磨耗性(即低磨耗速率)的氮化層，以有效改善習用活塞環之披覆層因為厚度太薄，以及與活塞環本體的鍵結力過低，其所導致的披覆層容易脫落、活塞環表面硬度與耐磨耗性不佳等問題，大幅提升本提案之活塞環的使用品質與使用壽命，並且大幅降低製造成本。The effect of the proposal is to use a multi-component alloy as the material of the piston ring, and a nitride layer having high hardness and high wear rate (ie, low wear rate) is formed on the surface of the piston ring by a nitriding process. In order to effectively improve the coating layer of the conventional piston ring, because the thickness is too thin, and the bonding force with the piston ring body is too low, the coating layer is easily peeled off, and the surface hardness and wear resistance of the piston ring are not good. , greatly improve the quality and service life of the piston ring of this proposal, and significantly reduce manufacturing costs.
有關本提案的特徵、實作與功效，茲配合圖式作最佳實施例詳細說明如下。The features, implementation and efficacy of this proposal are described in detail below with reference to the preferred embodiment of the drawings.
請參照「第1A圖」及「第1B圖」所示之立體示意圖與剖面示意圖，本提案一實施例之多元合金活塞環100係適用於車輛引擎的汽缸內，用以密封住引擎系統的燃燒室，並且填補引擎活塞與汽缸壁面之間的空隙，使得引擎活塞得以承受油氣燃燒所產生的推動力。Please refer to the schematic diagrams and cross-sectional views shown in "1A" and "1B". The multi-alloy piston ring 100 of the present embodiment is suitable for use in the cylinder of a vehicle engine to seal the combustion of the engine system. The chamber, and fills the gap between the engine piston and the cylinder wall, so that the engine piston can withstand the driving force generated by oil and gas combustion.
本提案的多元合金活塞環100包括有一金屬基材110及一氮化層120，而氮化層120係形成於金屬基材110的表面上。The multi-alloy piston ring 100 of the present proposal includes a metal substrate 110 and a nitride layer 120, and the nitride layer 120 is formed on the surface of the metal substrate 110.
其中，本提案一實施例之金屬基材110的材質為多元合金材料，金屬基材110包括有鋁(Al)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的a%，1%≦a%≦11%；鉻(Cr)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的b%，11%≦b%≦37%；鈷(Co)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的c%，13%≦c%≦34%；鐵(Fe)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的d%，13%≦d%≦50%；以及鎳(Ni)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的e%，10%≦e%≦34%；而a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%。並且，上述各元素的重量百分比係小於50%。The metal substrate 110 of the embodiment of the present invention is made of a multi-alloy material, and the metal substrate 110 includes an aluminum (Al) element, and the weight percentage thereof is a% of the total composition of the alloy, and 1% ≦a% ≦ 11%. ; chromium (Cr) element, its weight percentage is b% of the total composition of the alloy, 11% ≦b% ≦ 37%; cobalt (Co) element, its weight percentage is c% of the total composition of the alloy, 13% ≦ c% ≦ 34%; iron (Fe) element, the weight percentage is d% of the total composition of the alloy, 13% ≦d% ≦ 50%; and nickel (Ni) element, the weight percentage is the e% of the total composition of the alloy, 10% ≦ e%≦34%; and a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%. Further, the weight percentage of each of the above elements is less than 50%.
上述一實施例之金屬基材110更可包含銅(Cu)元素，其中包含銅元素時之重量百分比為合金總組成的f%，13%≦f%≦21%，而a%+b%+c%+d%+e%+f%≦100%。並且，上述各元素的重量百分比係小於50%。The metal substrate 110 of the above embodiment may further comprise a copper (Cu) element, wherein the weight percentage of the copper element is f% of the total composition of the alloy, 13% ≦f% ≦ 21%, and a% + b% + c%+d%+e%+f%≦100%. Further, the weight percentage of each of the above elements is less than 50%.
或者是，本提案之另一實施例的金屬基材110包括有鋁(Al)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的a%，1%≦a%≦11%；鉻(Cr)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的b%，11%≦b%≦37%；鐵(Fe)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的c%，13%≦c%≦50%；錳(Mn)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的d%，19%≦d%≦28%；以及鎳(Ni)元素，其重量百分比為合金總組成的e%，10%≦e%≦34%；而a%+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%。並且，上述各元素的重量百分比係小於50%。Alternatively, the metal substrate 110 of another embodiment of the present invention includes an aluminum (Al) element in a weight percentage of a% of the total composition of the alloy, 1% ≦a% ≦ 11%; and a chromium (Cr) element. The weight percentage is b% of the total composition of the alloy, 11% ≦b% ≦ 37%; iron (Fe) element, the weight percentage is c% of the total composition of the alloy, 13% ≦c% ≦ 50%; manganese (Mn) element , the weight percentage is d% of the total composition of the alloy, 19% ≦d% ≦ 28%; and the nickel (Ni) element, the weight percentage is the e% of the total composition of the alloy, 10% ≦e% ≦ 34%; and a %+b%+c%+d%+e%≦100%. Further, the weight percentage of each of the above elements is less than 50%.
本提案之多元合金活塞環100的製造過程，首先係先配置好預設之元素種類與成分比例的多種金屬材料，再利用熔煉技術得到成分均勻分佈的多元合金熔湯，接著藉由精密鑄造製程或是粉末冶金製程而成形金屬基材110的粗胚，並對金屬基材110的粗胚進行加工程序，以構成活塞環的外觀形狀與所要求的精密度。接著對金屬基材110施以滲氮製程，以於多元合金成份之金屬基材110的外表面形成氮化層(nitriding layer)120(如「第3圖」所示)。The manufacturing process of the multi-alloy piston ring 100 of the present proposal firstly configures a plurality of metal materials with preset element types and composition ratios, and then uses a smelting technique to obtain a multi-component alloy melt having a uniform distribution of components, followed by a precision casting process. The rough metal of the metal substrate 110 is formed by a powder metallurgy process, and the rough blank of the metal substrate 110 is processed to form the appearance of the piston ring and the required precision. Next, the metal substrate 110 is subjected to a nitriding process to form a nitriding layer 120 on the outer surface of the metal substrate 110 of the multi-component alloy composition (as shown in "Fig. 3").
其中，本實施例之氮化層120與金屬基材110為同一底材，氮化層係為氮離子(nitrogen ion)直接與金屬基材110相互反應所形成的反應層，並未如習用技術係採用披覆(coating)手段將一硬化層披覆於基材表面上，因此本提案的氮化層120並不會產生習用技術之鍵結力不佳，進而導致披覆層容易剝落的問題。The nitride layer 120 and the metal substrate 110 of the present embodiment are the same substrate, and the nitride layer is a reaction layer formed by directly reacting nitrogen ions with the metal substrate 110, and is not used as a conventional technique. The coating layer is coated on the surface of the substrate by a coating method. Therefore, the nitride layer 120 of the present invention does not have the poor bonding force of the conventional technology, thereby causing the coating layer to be easily peeled off. .
另外，本實施例之氮化層120的厚度約為100微米(μm)至300微米(μm)，但並不以此為限。氮化層120的厚度可依據實際設計與使用需求而改變氮化製程時的作業參數，以對應增減氮化層120的厚度，同時達到符合使用需求及降低製造成本的功效。In addition, the thickness of the nitride layer 120 of this embodiment is about 100 micrometers (μm) to 300 micrometers (μm), but not limited thereto. The thickness of the nitride layer 120 can change the operating parameters of the nitridation process according to actual design and use requirements, so as to increase or decrease the thickness of the nitride layer 120, and at the same time achieve the effect of meeting the use requirements and reducing the manufacturing cost.
值得注意的是，本提案係採用離子氮化製程(ionitriding process)於金屬基材110表面形成氮化層120，然而熟悉此項技術者，亦可採用傳統滲氮製程進行氮化處理，並不以本實施例為限。另外，本提案之金屬基材110係採用精密鑄造製程或是粉末冶金製程而成形，然熟悉此項技術者，可採取任何適用的製程工法來製造金屬基材110，並不以本提案所揭露之實施例為限。It is worth noting that this proposal uses an ionitriding process to form a nitride layer 120 on the surface of the metal substrate 110. However, those skilled in the art may also use a conventional nitriding process for nitriding, and This embodiment is limited. In addition, the metal substrate 110 of the present invention is formed by a precision casting process or a powder metallurgy process. However, those skilled in the art can adopt any applicable process method to manufacture the metal substrate 110, and are not disclosed in the proposal. The embodiments are limited.
「第2圖」所示為本提案之多元合金活塞環的硬度曲線示意圖，由圖中之硬度曲線的變化趨勢及「第3圖」所示的金相示意圖可清楚得知，本提案之多元合金活塞環100自其表面起算約300微米(μm)的距離皆為氮化層120的結構，以維氏硬度(Vickers hardness)進行量測，本提案之氮化層120的硬度可達到Hv1200以上，本提案之多元合金活塞環的表面硬度足以滿足機車、汽車、重型汽車或是重型機具等各類活塞汽缸內的使用需求。"Fig. 2" shows the hardness curve of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal. It can be clearly seen from the trend of the hardness curve in the figure and the metallographic diagram shown in "Fig. 3". The alloy piston ring 100 has a structure of about 300 micrometers (μm) from the surface thereof. The structure of the nitride layer 120 is measured by Vickers hardness. The hardness of the nitride layer 120 of the present proposal can reach Hv1200 or higher. The surface hardness of the multi-alloy piston ring of this proposal is sufficient to meet the needs of various piston cylinders such as locomotives, automobiles, heavy-duty vehicles or heavy machinery.
以本提案一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100，可組合下列表一所載之各材料的化學式及各材料的重量百分比：The multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of the elemental components (including aluminum element, chromium element, cobalt element, iron element and nickel element) of the embodiment of the present invention can be combined with the chemical formula of each material and each material listed in the following Table 1. Weight percentage:
下列的表二為本提案一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100表面尚未形成有氮化層120時的磨耗測試數據與硬度數據，以及本提案一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100表面形成有氮化層120時的磨耗測試數據：The following Table 2 is an abrasion test when the nitrided layer 120 is not formed on the surface of the multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of the elemental components (including aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron, and nickel) of an embodiment of the present proposal. Abrasion test when the nitrided layer 120 is formed on the surface of the multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of the data and hardness data, and the elemental composition (including aluminum element, chromium element, cobalt element, iron element and nickel element) of the embodiment of the present proposal data:
由表二中所載之各材料成分的磨耗數據可證實，本提案一實施例之具有氮化層120的多元合金活塞環100，確實可大幅提高多元合金活塞環100的耐磨耗能力，特別是Al0.3 Co2.0 Cr2.0 Fe1.5 Ni1.0 材料的耐磨耗能力更是顯著，經過滲氮處理的Al0.3 Co2.0 Cr2.0 Fe1.5 Ni1.0 材料之磨耗速率相較於未經過滲氮處理的Al0.3 Co2.0 Cr2.0 Fe1.5 Ni1.0 材料之磨耗速率降低了二個級數。From the wear data of each material component contained in Table 2, it can be confirmed that the multi-alloy piston ring 100 having the nitride layer 120 of the embodiment of the present invention can greatly improve the wear resistance of the multi-alloy piston ring 100, in particular is Al 0.3 Co 2.0 Cr 2.0 Fe 1.5 Ni 1.0 ability wear material is significant, after the nitriding treatment Al 0.3 Co 2.0 Cr 2.0 Fe 1.5 Ni 1.0 as compared to the wear rate of the material after the nitriding treatment is not Al The wear rate of the 0.3 Co 2.0 Cr 2.0 Fe 1.5 Ni 1.0 material was reduced by two orders.
另外，以本提案一實施例添加有銅元素之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素、鎳元素及銅元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100，可組合下列表三所載之各材料的化學式及各材料的重量百分比：In addition, in the embodiment of the present proposal, a multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of an elemental component of a copper element (including an aluminum element, a chromium element, a cobalt element, an iron element, a nickel element, and a copper element) may be combined with the following three The chemical formula of each material and the weight percentage of each material:
下列的表四為本提案一實施例添加有銅元素之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素、鎳元素及銅元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100表面尚未形成有氮化層120時的磨耗測試數據與硬度數據，以及本提案一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100表面形成有氮化層120時的磨耗測試數據：Table 4 below is a sample of a multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of an elemental component (including aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel, and copper) added with a copper element in an embodiment of the present invention. The wear test data and the hardness data of the layer 120, and the elemental composition (including aluminum element, chromium element, cobalt element, iron element, and nickel element) of the embodiment of the present invention form a nitrogen on the surface of the multi-alloy piston ring 100. Wear test data for layer 120:
由表四中所載之各材料成分的磨耗數據可證實，本提案一實施例添加有銅元素之具有氮化層120的多元合金活塞環100，確實可大幅提高多元合金活塞環100的耐磨耗能力，特別是Al0.3 Co1.5 Cr2.0 Cu1.0 Fe1.0 Ni1.5 材料的耐磨耗能力更是顯著，經過滲氮處理的Al0.3 Co1.5 Cr2.0 Cu1.0 Fe1.0 Ni1.5 材料之磨耗速率相較於未經過滲氮處理的Al0.3 Co1.5 Cr2.0 Cu1.0 Fe1.0 Ni1.5 材料之磨耗速率降低了二個級數。It can be confirmed from the wear data of each material component contained in Table 4 that the multi-alloy piston ring 100 with the nitride layer 120 added with the copper element in the embodiment of the present invention can greatly improve the wear resistance of the multi-component alloy piston ring 100. The wear resistance, especially the Al 0.3 Co 1.5 Cr 2.0 Cu 1.0 Fe 1.0 Ni 1.5 material, is significantly higher. The wear rate of the nitrided Al 0.3 Co 1.5 Cr 2.0 Cu 1.0 Fe 1.0 Ni 1.5 material is comparable. The wear rate of the Al 0.3 Co 1.5 Cr 2.0 Cu 1.0 Fe 1.0 Ni 1.5 material which was not subjected to nitriding treatment was reduced by two orders.
以本提案另一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鐵元素、錳元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100，可組合下列表五所載之各材料的化學式及各材料的重量百分比：The multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of the elemental components (including aluminum element, chromium element, iron element, manganese element and nickel element) of another embodiment of the present proposal can be combined with the chemical formulas of each material listed in Table 5 below and each Weight percentage of material:
下列的表六為本提案另一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鐵元素、錳元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100表面尚未形成有氮化層120時的磨耗測試數據與硬度數據，以及本提案一實施例之元素成分(包括鋁元素、鉻元素、鈷元素、鐵元素及鎳元素)所構成的多元合金活塞環100表面形成有氮化層120時的磨耗測試數據：Table 6 below is the wear of the nitride alloy layer 120 on the surface of the multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of the elemental components (including aluminum, chromium, iron, manganese, and nickel) of another embodiment of the present proposal. Abrasion of the nitrided layer 120 formed on the surface of the multi-alloy piston ring 100 composed of the test data and the hardness data, and the elemental composition (including aluminum element, chromium element, cobalt element, iron element, and nickel element) of the embodiment of the present proposal Test Data:
由表六中所載之各材料成分的磨耗數據可證實，本提案另一實施例之具有氮化層120的多元合金活塞環100，確實可大幅提高多元合金活塞環100的耐磨耗能力，特別是Al0.3 Cr1.0 Fe1.5 Mn1.0 Ni0.5 材料的耐磨耗能力更是顯著，經過滲氮處理的Al0.3 Cr1.0 Fe1.5 Mn1.0 Ni0.5 材料之磨耗速率相較於未經過滲氮處理的Al0.3 Cr1.0 Fe1.5 Mn1.0 Ni0.5 材料之磨耗速率降低了二個級數。From the wear data of each material component contained in Table 6, it can be confirmed that the multi-alloy piston ring 100 having the nitride layer 120 of another embodiment of the present invention can greatly improve the wear resistance of the multi-alloy piston ring 100. in particular Al 0.3 Cr 1.0 Fe 1.5 Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5 ability wear material is significant, after the nitriding treatment Al 0.3 Cr 1.0 Fe 1.5 Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5 as compared to the wear rate of the material after the nitriding treatment is not The wear rate of the Al 0.3 Cr 1.0 Fe 1.5 Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5 material was reduced by two orders.
請參閱「第4圖」所示之X光繞射示意圖，本提案係以Al0.3 Cr1.0 Fe1.5 Mn1.0 Ni0.5 做為實施例之說明。如圖所示，本提案之多元合金活塞環的晶格結構係以體心立方(body-centred cubic，BCC)的結晶相為主。Please refer to the X-ray diffraction diagram shown in Fig. 4. This proposal uses Al 0.3 Cr 1.0 Fe 1.5 Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5 as an example. As shown in the figure, the lattice structure of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal is dominated by a body-centred cubic (BCC) crystal phase.
接著，請參閱「第5圖」至「第7圖」所示的X光繞射示意圖。「第5圖」為本提案之改變鋁元素含量的多元合金活塞環之X光繞射示意圖；「第6圖」為本提案之改變鉻元素含量的多元合金活塞環之X光繞射示意圖；「第7圖」為本提案之改變鐵元素含量的多元合金活塞環之X光繞射示意圖。Next, please refer to the X-ray diffraction diagram shown in "5th to 7th". "Picture 5" is a schematic diagram of X-ray diffraction of a multi-alloy piston ring that changes the content of aluminum in the proposal; "Figure 6" is a schematic diagram of X-ray diffraction of a multi-alloy piston ring that changes the chromium content of the proposal; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the X-ray diffraction of a multi-alloy piston ring that changes the iron content of the proposed proposal.
由「第5圖」可清楚看出，當鋁元素的莫耳比為0.3、0.5及1.0時，本提案之多元合金活塞環的晶格結構係呈現體心立方(BCC)的結晶相，且隨著鋁元素的莫耳比的增加，多元合金活塞環的晶格尺寸有減少的趨勢，多元合金活塞環的硬度亦隨著鋁元素之莫耳比的增加而對應提高。It can be clearly seen from "Fig. 5" that when the molar ratio of aluminum elements is 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0, the lattice structure of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present invention exhibits a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal phase, and As the molar ratio of aluminum increases, the lattice size of the multi-alloy piston ring decreases. The hardness of the multi-alloy piston ring also increases with the increase of the molar ratio of aluminum.
由「第6圖」可得知，除了鉻元素的莫耳比為0.5時，本提案之多元合金活塞環的晶格結構係呈現體心立方(BCC)與面心立方(face-centered cubic，FCC)的結晶相，當鉻元素的莫耳比為1、1.5及2.0時，本提案的多元合金活塞環的晶格結構則呈現體心立方(BCC)的結晶相，且隨著鉻元素的莫耳比的增加，多元合金活塞環的晶格尺寸有減少的趨勢，多元合金活塞環的硬度亦隨著鉻元素之莫耳比的增加而對應提高。It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the lattice structure of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present invention exhibits body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (face-centered cubic), except that the molar ratio of chromium is 0.5. The crystal phase of FCC), when the molar ratio of chromium element is 1, 1.5 and 2.0, the lattice structure of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal presents a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal phase, and with the chromium element With the increase of the molar ratio, the lattice size of the multi-alloy piston ring has a tendency to decrease, and the hardness of the multi-alloy piston ring also increases with the increase of the molar ratio of the chromium element.
由「第7圖」可看出，當鐵元素的莫耳比增加時，本提案的多元合金活塞環的晶格結構由原本的體心立方(BCC)結晶相轉變為面心立方(FCC)結晶相，且隨著鐵元素的莫耳比的增加，多元合金活塞環的硬度亦隨著鐵元素之莫耳比的增加而相對下降。It can be seen from Fig. 7 that when the molar ratio of iron increases, the lattice structure of the proposed multi-alloy piston ring changes from the original body-centered cubic (BCC) crystalline phase to the face-centered cubic (FCC). The crystalline phase, and with the increase of the molar ratio of iron, the hardness of the multi-alloy piston ring also decreases with the increase of the molar ratio of iron.
上述本提案所揭露之多元合金活塞環，係以多元成分合金做為活塞環的材料，且多元成分合金中的各個元素之重量百分比係小於50%，對於目前的活塞環製造領域而言，本提案所使用的多元成分合金為嶄新的合金材料。The multi-alloy piston ring disclosed in the above proposal is a multi-component alloy as a material of a piston ring, and the weight percentage of each element in the multi-component alloy is less than 50%. For the current piston ring manufacturing field, The multicomponent alloy used in the proposal is a brand new alloy material.
本提案透過滲氮製程於活塞環的表面形成氮化層，此一氮化層具備高硬度、高磨耗性(即低磨耗速率)及高耐蝕性等優良特性，並且本提案可有效改善習用活塞環之披覆層的厚度過薄，以及披覆層與活塞環基材之間的鍵結力過低，導致習用披覆層容易脫落、活塞環表面硬度不佳及耐磨耗性不佳等問題。This proposal forms a nitride layer on the surface of the piston ring through a nitriding process. The nitrided layer has excellent properties such as high hardness, high attrition (ie, low wear rate) and high corrosion resistance, and this proposal can effectively improve the conventional piston. The thickness of the coating of the ring is too thin, and the bonding force between the coating layer and the piston ring substrate is too low, which leads to the easy fall of the conventional coating layer, the poor hardness of the surface of the piston ring, and the poor wear resistance. problem.
同時，本提案可大幅提升活塞環的使用品質與使用壽命，並可降低活塞環的製造成本。At the same time, this proposal can greatly improve the quality and service life of the piston ring and reduce the manufacturing cost of the piston ring.
雖然本提案之實施例揭露如上所述，然並非用以限定本提案，任何熟習相關技藝者，在不脫離本提案之精神和範圍內，舉凡依本提案申請範圍所述之形狀、構造、特徵及數量當可做些許之變更，因此本提案之專利保護範圍須視本說明書所附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the embodiments of the present disclosure are as described above, it is not intended to limit the proposal, and any person skilled in the art, regardless of the spirit and scope of the proposal, shall have the shape, structure, and features described in the scope of application of the proposal. And the number of patents can be changed, so the scope of patent protection of this proposal shall be subject to the definition of the scope of patent application attached to this specification.
100‧‧‧多元合金活塞環100‧‧‧Multi-alloy piston rings
110‧‧‧金屬基材110‧‧‧Metal substrate
120‧‧‧氮化層120‧‧‧nitriding layer
第1A圖為本提案之多元合金活塞環的立體示意圖。Figure 1A is a perspective view of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal.
第1B圖為本提案之多元合金活塞環的剖面示意圖。Figure 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal.
第2圖為本提案之多元合金活塞環的硬度曲線示意圖。Figure 2 is a schematic view of the hardness curve of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal.
第3圖為本提案之多元合金活塞環的金相示意圖。Figure 3 is a metallographic schematic of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal.
第4圖為本提案之多元合金活塞環之一實施例的X光繞射示意圖。Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the X-ray diffraction of one embodiment of the multi-alloy piston ring of the present proposal.
第5圖為本提案之改變鋁元素含量的多元合金活塞環之X光繞射示意圖。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the X-ray diffraction of a multi-alloy piston ring that changes the aluminum content of the present proposal.
第6圖為本提案之改變鉻元素含量的多元合金活塞環之X光繞射示意圖。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the X-ray diffraction of a multi-alloy piston ring that changes the chromium content of the present proposal.
第7圖為本提案之改變鐵元素含量的多元合金活塞環之X光繞射示意圖。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the X-ray diffraction of a multi-alloy piston ring that changes the iron content of the proposed proposal.
100．．．多元合金活塞環100. . . Multi-alloy piston ring
110．．．金屬基材110. . . Metal substrate
120．．．氮化層120. . . Nitride layer
Claims (10)
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| TW99139073A TWI403594B (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Multi element alloy base piston ring |
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| TW99139073A TWI403594B (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Multi element alloy base piston ring |
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| TWI403594B true TWI403594B (en) | 2013-08-01 |
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| US11104981B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2021-08-31 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Aluminum-cobalt-chromium-iron-nickel-silicon alloy, powder and cladding thereof |
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| CN102900560A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2013-01-30 | 浙江普礼汽配制造有限公司 | Diamond-like carbon membrane piston ring |
| CN105624530A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-06-01 | 海安欣凯富机械科技有限公司 | Metal flexible pipe |
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| US6224687B1 (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 2001-05-01 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Piston ring material and piston ring with excellent scuffing resistance and workability |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105526437A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-04-27 | 海安欣凯富机械科技有限公司 | Metal hose |
| US11104981B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2021-08-31 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Aluminum-cobalt-chromium-iron-nickel-silicon alloy, powder and cladding thereof |
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