TWI403385B - Power-off braker - Google Patents

Abstract

A power-off brake is disclosed, which comprises: an elastic claw component, a spindle and a driving unit. The elastic claw component has a tube-like body that has a first end and a second end formed on its axis at positions opposite to each other while enabling the two ends to communicate with each other. There is a plurality of elastic claws mounted on the first end, and the spindle, being composed of a shaft and a tapered head, is arranged for receiving the shaft inside the tube-like body while arranging the taped head to be surrounded by the plural claws. The driving unit is used for driving the spindle to move in a reciprocating manner between a first position and a second position, by that when the spindle arrives the first position, the taped head will trigger the plural elastic claws to be released in a manner that the outer side wall of each elastic claw is detached from engaging with the inner side wall of a concave formed on a rotary table; and when the spindle arrives the second position, the taped head will drive the plural elastic claws for enabling the outer side walls of the plural elastic claws to engage with the inner side wall of the concave.

Description

Power off brake device

The invention relates to a power-off brake device, in particular to a power-off protection device which uses oil pressure to drive an elastic claw to open to achieve the purpose of braking, and has stable braking force, simple structure, low manufacturing cost, light weight and volume. Small and easy to replace, especially suitable for large rotating modules, which can avoid the safety hazard caused by sudden power failure when large rotating modules operate.

Generally speaking, the large-scale rotary module includes a rotary table with a hydrostatic bearing and a servo motor in the machine tool, which can be used for large-scale turning and milling, as well as wind power equipment and oil drilling equipment. When a large rotating module rotates at a high speed, due to the extremely high moment of inertia, a considerable degree of damage is often generated when a power failure occurs, which may cause damage to the precision transmission components of the module or damage to the workpiece, which may result in damage. Casualties of personnel. Therefore, in order to avoid this situation, it is quite safe to design or install a power-off brake module.

The above-mentioned power-off brake protection is especially important for rotary tables used in hydrostatic bearings. Hydrostatic bearings have low friction coefficient and high rigidity, but inevitably, hydrostatic bearings require a set of hydraulic units to provide Used as a source of oil film flow for bearings. Due to the high rotational inertia and the effect of high-speed rotation, the large-scale rotary table often disappears when the power supply occurs, which results in considerable destruction energy and damage to the expensive machined surface. A set of safety devices is therefore required to assist in stopping the rotating table during a power outage to extend the life of the hydrostatic bearing and to increase operator safety. In addition, the power-off brake must also have the characteristics of easy replacement. Because the power-off brake is not a permanent module. It is also quite easy to update the depleted power brakes after a disaster. To ensure the accuracy and safety of the rotating module for permanent protection.

For a conventional patent, for example, US Patent Publication No. US20100175505 "CLAMPING DEVICE FOR ROTARY INDEX DEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOL", the structure is characterized by a curved pressure plate containing a spring preload and a thin brake disc, the curved curved brake plate is passed through Machining to a certain height preload, so that it can hold the disc under the condition of elastic deformation to achieve the purpose and function of braking, when the oil pressure enters the piston, the clamping force of the pressure plate is released to the disc The worktable can be rotated. The disadvantage of the case is that the bending platen is difficult to process, the assembly gap is difficult to adjust, the replacement is not easy, and the braking force is difficult to control, and the positioning of the shifting brake is difficult, and it cannot be applied to large or high. Rotating table for speed.

For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,451,738, "ROTATING OR SWIVELING DEVICE OF A MACHINE TOOL", which uses oil pressure to drive the table up and down and use the inclined surface to increase the braking force. The disadvantage of the case is that the structure is complicated, resulting in difficulty in assembly or replacement. It can't be applied to the high-speed rotary table, and because the brake structure of the case is not aimed at the power-off brake, it is impossible to brake when the power is off.

For example, in the US patent US3786721 "CLAMP FOR ROTARY TABLES", the case uses a hydraulic device to drive the cam mechanism to open or clamp the jaws to achieve the purpose of braking, and the disadvantage of the case is that it is difficult to simultaneously control the jaws simultaneously. On the open, the brakes have a large displacement, the precision positioning brake function is weak, and the brake clearance is difficult to grasp. When the vehicle is braked, the table yaw will be caused, which cannot be applied to the high-speed rotary table, and the brake structure is not aimed at the power-off brake. Therefore, it is not possible to brake the car when the power is off.

For example, the Chinese patent CN2835553Y "in the case of oil-drilling or wind-powered power-off brakes", when the power is cut off or the workbench is stopped, the brakes are clamped by a spring device to make the rotation When the object is restarted, it is propped out by the hydraulic cylinder to loosen the piece. The structure of the case has a high clamping torque, but the multiple of the brake component is larger than the rotating section. The spreader must be used during installation, and the installation is not easy. Moreover, it is also difficult to use on a general rotary table. In addition, the structure of the case does not ensure that all the brakes are used to make the sheets simultaneously clamped, and the brakes have a large displacement amount, and the precise positioning brake function is weak.

According to this, it can be seen that there is a power-breaking brake device that is stable and reliable, simple in structure, low in production cost, light in weight, small in size, easy to replace, and suitable for large-scale rotary modules, and is urgently needed to be solved by related art fields. Question.

In view of the lack of the prior art, the present invention provides a power-off braking device that uses oil pressure to drive the elastic claws to open, so as to achieve the purpose of braking, the braking force is stable, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the weight is light, and the volume is small. Easy to replace, especially suitable for large rotating modules, which can avoid the safety hazard caused by sudden power failure during operation of large rotating modules.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power-off braking device that provides a rotating table braking device, the power-off braking device comprising: a resilient claw member having a tubular body having an axis, the tubular body having an axis The tubular body has a first end and a second end opposite to each other along its axial center, and a plurality of elastic claws are disposed at the first end of the tubular body, and the plurality of elastic claws are disposed around the axis, The rotating table is provided with a recess, and the elastic claw of the elastic claw element is located in the recess; a mandrel is composed of a shaft body and a conical head, and the cone head has a first end and a second end. An outer diameter of the first end of the tapered head is larger than an outer diameter of the second end of the tapered head, and a second end of the tapered head is connected to one axial end of the shaft body, the shaft system The shaft is disposed in the tubular body, the tapered head is located in the surrounding plurality of elastic claws; and a driving device is configured to drive the spindle to reciprocate in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the shaft body. Between the position and a second position, when the mandrel In the first position, the first end of the tapered head is disengaged from the plurality of elastic claws, and the plurality of elastic claws are not in contact with the concave portion of the rotary table, when the spindle is in the second position, The first end of the tapered head is retracted into the plurality of elastic claws and pushes the plurality of elastic claws such that the plurality of elastic claws abut against the concave portion of the rotary table.

In order to enable your review committee to have a better understanding and recognition of the structural purpose and efficacy of the present invention, the detailed description is as follows.

The technical means and efficacy of the present invention for achieving the object will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments listed in the following drawings are only for the purpose of explanation, and are to be understood by the reviewing committee, but the technical means of the present invention are not Limited to the listed figures.

Referring to the first to third figures, the power-off brake device 100 of the present invention comprises an elastic claw member 10, a spindle 20 and a driving device 30, the elastic claw member 10, the spindle 20 and The driving device 30 is disposed on a base 40.

The elastic claw member 10 has a tubular body 11 having a shaft center Lc having a first end 111 and a second end 112 opposite to each other along its axis Lc. The first end 111 of the tubular body 11 is provided with a partition 113. The partition 113 is provided with a hole 114. The first end 111 of the tubular body 11 is provided with a plurality of elastic claws 12, and the plurality of elastic claws 12 are surrounded. The axis Lc is disposed, and the inner side wall 121 of each of the elastic claws 12 has a slope θ1 which is downward from the top edge of the inner side wall 121 of the elastic claw 12 and toward the axis Lc of the tubular body 11 Tilting, the circular diameter D1 enclosing the top edge of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12 is larger than the circular diameter D2 (shown in the third figure) surrounded by the bottom edge of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12, and the plurality of elastic claws 12 are The inner circumference is formed with a conical space of a width and a width. In the embodiment, a spacing G is formed between the two adjacent elastic claws 12, and the spacing G is designed according to actual needs, and is not limited, and may be The two adjacent elastic claws 12 abut each other, and the number of the elastic claws 12 is not limited. The actual design required, may be shown six claw design.

Secondly, the mandrel 20 is composed of a shaft body 21 and a conical head portion 22. The conical head portion 22 has a conical shape. The conical head portion 22 has a first end 221 and a second end 222. The diameter D3 of the first end 221 of the tapered head 22 is larger than the diameter D4 of the second end 222 of the tapered head 22, so that the circumference of the tapered head 22 has a taper θ2, it is worth noting that the first The diameter D3 of the one end 221 is not limited, as long as it is larger than the circular diameter D1 surrounded by the top edge of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12, and the second end 222 of the tapered head 22 is connected to the shaft body. An axial end of the second end 222 is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft body 21, and the shaft body 21 is bored through the hole 114 of the partition plate 113 of the tubular body 11 and the shaft The body 21 is disposed in the tubular body 11 , and the tapered head 22 is located in the plurality of elastic claws 12 . In the embodiment, the inclination θ1 of the inner side wall 121 of the elastic claw 12 is The taper θ2 of the tapered head 22 is the same.

The driving device 30 is configured to drive the spindle 20 to reciprocate parallel to the axial direction of the shaft body 21. The driving device 30 includes a disc spring group 31 and a piston 32. The disc spring group 31 is disposed. In the tubular body 11, the disc spring group 31 is sleeved on the outside of the shaft body 21. The disc spring group 31 has a first elastic end 311 and a second elastic end 312. The disc spring The group 31 is elastically expandable and contractable between the first elastic end 311 and the second elastic end 312. The first elastic end 311 is abutted against the bottom of the partition 113. The piston 32 is disposed in the tubular body 11 and The piston 32 is disposed on the shaft body 21 and does not have one end of the tapered head 22 (that is, the bottom end of the shaft body 21 is illustrated), and one side of the piston 32 abuts against the disc spring group 31. The second elastic end 312 is screwed into the piston 32 and the shaft body 21 by a bolt 321 , and the piston 32 and the shaft body 21 can be screwed together.

The assembly of the elastic claw member 10, the spindle 20 and the driving device 30 is disposed on the base 40. The base 40 is provided with a flow passage 41 having two inlet ends 411 and an outlet end 412. The outlet The end 412 is connected to the second end 112 of the tubular body 11, and the inlet end 411 is connected to the oil pressure device, and the inlet end 411 can supply oil pressure into the flow passage 41 and flow from the outlet end 412 into the tubular body 11 The second end 112, in addition, in order to avoid the oil pressure leakage, a first leakage preventing ring 322 is disposed on the bolt 321 and the first leakage preventing ring 322 is disposed on the contact surface of the shaft body 21 and the piston 32. The unidirectional oil seal 323 is disposed between the piston 32 and the tubular body 11 , and the second body of the tubular body 11 is provided with a plurality of second leakage preventing rings. 324 , and the second leakage preventing ring 324 is disposed between the tubular body 11 and the base 40 .

After the elastic claw element 10, the mandrel 20, the driving device 30 and the base 40 are combined, the modular structure shown in the first figure and the third figure can be formed, and the modular structure is convenient for disassembly and assembly. The workbench, but the form and size of the base 40 are not limited, and are designed according to actual needs, and can also be integrated with the rotary table. As shown in the third figure, a recess 51 is provided in a rotary table 50. The rotary table 50 is a large rotary module, including a rotary table containing a hydrostatic bearing and a servo motor in the machine tool, capable of performing large-scale turning and milling combined processing, and a wind power generation device and an oil drilling equipment, and the invention The elastic claw 12 of the elastic claw member extends into the recess 51. The base 40 can be positioned at any fixed position, which can be the base or the fixed frame of the rotary table 50, and then is replaced by a hydraulic device. The oil pressure is input into the flow passage 41 from the inlet end 411 of the base 40. After the oil pressure flows out from the outlet end 412, the hydraulic pressure can enter the second end 112 of the tubular body 11. Since the piston 32 is screwed with the shaft body 21, the piston 32 is screwed into the shaft body 21. Oil pressure can push the piston 32 at the same time The mandrel 20 is moved parallel to the axial direction of the shaft body 21. Since the shaft body 21 is provided with the disc spring group 31, the disc spring group 31 can be simultaneously compressed. At this time, the piston 32 is located at one. a compression position, and the mandrel 20 is in a first position, and the tapered head 22 of the mandrel 20 in the first position protrudes from the plurality of elastic claws 12, and the first of the tapered heads 22 The end 221 is detached from the plurality of elastic claws 12, and therefore, the plurality of elastic claws 12 are in an unstressed state, and the outer side walls of the plurality of elastic claws 12 are not in contact with the inner side walls of the concave portion 51 of the rotary table 50. The rotary table 50 can be rotated normally.

It should be noted that the oil pressure input to the flow path 41 may share the hydraulic device of the rotary table 50, or an independent hydraulic device may be used, but in any case, the hydraulic device for providing the flow path 41 is The power control system of the rotary table 50 is electrically connected, that is, when the rotary table 50 is powered off, the hydraulic device used in the flow path 41 also immediately cuts off the oil pressure supply, as shown in the fourth figure. When the rotary table 50 is suddenly powered off, the hydraulic device used for supplying the flow path 41 also immediately cuts off the oil pressure supply, and the piston 32 and the mandrel 20 lose oil pressure, so they are parallel to the When the axial direction of the shaft body 21 falls, the disc spring group 31 can be simultaneously released. At this time, the piston 32 is in a release position, and the spindle 20 is in a second position, and the second position is located in the second position. The first end 221 of the tapered head 22 of the mandrel 20 is retracted between the plurality of resilient claws 12, and the first end 221 is abutted against the inner side wall of the plurality of resilient claws 12 due to the first end 221 The diameter D3 is larger than the circular diameter D1 surrounded by the top edge of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12 (shown in Second, the first end 221 can push the plurality of elastic claws 12 such that the plurality of elastic claws 12 move radially away from the axis Lc about the axis Lc of the tubular body 11 due to the plurality of elastic claws. 12 can be externally supported, so that the outer side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12 abuts against the inner side wall of the concave portion 51 of the rotary table 50, and the rotating table can be made by the friction between the elastic claw 12 and the concave portion 51. When the rotation of the rotary table 50 is turned on again, the oil pressure can be again driven into the flow path 41 to separate the elastic claw 12 from the concave portion 51. As shown in the third figure, the rotary table 50 is The rotation can be resumed.

In addition, please refer to the third figure, if the inclination θ1 of the inner side wall 121 of the elastic claw 12 is 0 degree, that is, the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12 is parallel to the axial center Lc of the tubular body 11, the plural A circular diameter D1 surrounded by a top edge of the inner side wall of the elastic claw 12 is equal to a circular diameter D2 surrounded by a bottom edge of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12, or a slope θ1 of the inner side wall 121 of the elastic claw 12 and the tapered head When the taper θ2 of the portion 22 is different, the elastic claw 12 can still be pushed by the taper of the tapered head 22, but when the inclination θ1 is the same as the taper θ2, the elastic claw 12 and the tapered head 22 can be lowered. The frictional force can make the tapered head 22 push the elastic claw 12 more smoothly. Further, if the space formed by the plurality of elastic claws 12 is not conical, or the tapered head 22 is not conical For example, when the space formed by the plurality of elastic claws 12 is a polygonal cone, or the tapered head 22 is a polygonal cone, or a space formed by the plurality of elastic claws 12 and the tapered head When the shape of the portion 22 is different, the elastic claw 12 can still be pushed by the taper of the tapered head 22, as before. The design of the present invention is that the diameter D3 of the first end 221 is larger than the circular diameter D1 (shown in the second figure) surrounded by the top edge of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws 12.

Comparing the third and fourth figures, when the first end 221 of the tapered head 22 is pushed up or down by oil pressure, the plurality of elastic claws 12 can reciprocate radially toward or away from the axis Lc. The effect of the plurality of elastic claws 12 on the braking effect generated by the rotary table 50 is immediately and surely verified. According to the actual sample, the effect of the power-off braking device 100 of the present invention is verified. If the pulling force of the disk-shaped spring group 31 is 500 kg, the elastic claws The inclination θ1 of the inner side wall 121 and the taper θ2 of the conical head 22 are 1/12, and the friction coefficient between the elastic claw 12 and the concave portion 51 is 0.15, and the braking force and the braking torque can be calculated as follows:

煞Car power F=500kg*sin(1/12)*0.15=900kg

Brake torque T=900*9.8*0.5=4410Nm

If a plurality of sets of the power-off brake device 100 are provided, the braking force and the braking torque are also multiplied. For example, if four sets are provided, the braking torque is 4*4410 Nm=17610 Nm, and according to this, the present invention can actually exert the actual braking. The function, especially as the power-off protection device of the large-scale rotary module, can avoid the safety hazard caused by sudden power failure when the large rotary module operates, and the elastic claw 12 can be processed by a circular turning tool. To avoid plastic deformation, the inclination θ1 of the inner side wall 121 of the elastic claw 12 is processed in a fine manner, and the mandrel 20 can increase the hardness and reduce the frictional resistance by using a carburizing method.

Referring to the fifth and sixth figures, the present invention has different arrangements. As shown in the fifth figure, two recesses 51A are symmetrically disposed on two sides parallel to the axial direction of a rotary table 50A. Each of the recesses 51A is provided with a power-off brake device 100. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, four sets of power-off brake devices 100 can be mounted on the edge of a circular rotary table 50B in an equidistant manner, and the rotary table 50B is mounted on the rotary table 50B. The edge is provided with a recess 51B in the radial direction, and the power-off brake device 100 extends into the recess 51B.

In summary, the power-off brake device provided by the present invention uses the hydraulic pressure control cone to open the elastic claws, and can immediately generate a braking effect when the rotary table is powered off, thereby avoiding the operation of the large rotary table during operation. The safety hazard caused by the sudden power failure is generated, and the power-off brake device provided by the present invention has modular characteristics, and has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, light weight, small volume, and is convenient for replacement and disassembly.

However, the above description is only for the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. That is to say, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the applicant in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention. I would like to ask your review committee to give a clear explanation and pray for it.

100. . . Power off brake device

10. . . Elastic claw element

11. . . Tubular body

111. . . First end

112. . . Second end

113. . . Partition

114. . . Hole

12. . . Elastic claw

121. . . Elastic claw inner side wall

20. . . Mandrel

twenty one. . . Axle body

twenty two. . . Conical head

221. . . First end

222. . . Second end

30. . . Drive unit

31. . . Disc spring set

311. . . First elastic end

312. . . Second elastic end

32. . . piston

321. . . bolt

322. . . First leakproof ring

323. . . One-way oil seal

324. . . Second leak proof ring

40. . . Base

41. . . Runner

411. . . Entrance end

412. . . Exit end

50, 50A, 50B. . . Rotary table

51, 51A, 51B. . . Concave

D1, D2, D3, D4. . . diameter

G. . . spacing

Lc. . . Axis

Θ1. . . Slope

Θ2. . . Taper

The first figure is a perspective view showing the appearance of the combined structure of the embodiment of the present invention.

The second drawing is a perspective view showing the appearance of a partially exploded structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

The third figure is a schematic view of the structure of the A-A section of the first figure in conjunction with the concave portion of the rotary table.

The fourth figure is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the present invention when a rotating workbench is activated.

The fifth figure is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the present invention mounted on the hydrostatic rotary table in the axial direction.

The sixth figure is a schematic structural view of the embodiment of the present invention installed in the radial direction on the rotary table.

The seventh figure is a schematic view of the B-B cross-sectional structure of the sixth figure.

100. . . Power off brake device

10. . . Elastic claw element

11. . . Tubular body

111. . . First end

112. . . Second end

113. . . Partition

114. . . Hole

12. . . Elastic claw

121. . . Elastic claw inner side wall

20. . . Mandrel

twenty one. . . Axle body

twenty two. . . Conical head

221. . . First end

222. . . Second end

30. . . Drive unit

31. . . Disc spring set

311. . . First elastic end

312. . . Second elastic end

32. . . piston

321. . . bolt

322. . . First leakproof ring

323. . . One-way oil seal

324. . . Second leak proof ring

40. . . Base

41. . . Runner

411. . . Entrance end

412. . . Exit end

50. . . Rotary table

51. . . Concave

D2. . . diameter

Lc. . . Axis

Θ1. . . Slope

Θ2. . . Taper

Claims (10)

A power-off braking device provides a rotating table braking device, the power-off braking device comprising: an elastic claw member having a tubular body, the tubular body having an axis, the tubular body having along an axial center thereof The first end and the second end of the tubular body are oppositely connected to each other, and a plurality of elastic claws are disposed at the first end of the tubular body, the plurality of elastic claws are disposed around the axis, and the rotating table is provided with a concave portion. The elastic claw of the elastic claw element is located in the concave portion; a mandrel is composed of a shaft body and a conical head, the conical head has a first end and a second end, and the first end of the conical head The outer diameter of the end is larger than the outer diameter of the second end of the tapered head, and the second end of the tapered head is connected to one axial end of the shaft body, and the shaft system is axially disposed in the tubular body The tapered head is located in the surrounding plurality of elastic claws; and a driving device is configured to drive the spindle to reciprocate parallel to the axial direction of the shaft body between a first position and a second position, The tapered head when the mandrel is in the first position The first end is detached from the plurality of elastic claws, the first end of the tapered head is protruded from the plurality of elastic claws, and the plurality of elastic claws are not in contact with the concave portion of the rotary table, and the mandrel In the second position, the first end of the tapered head is located in the plurality of elastic claws and abuts against the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws, and the first end of the tapered head pushes the plurality of elastic claws Radially moving away from the axis centering on the axis of the tubular body, the plurality of elastic claws abut against the concave portion of the rotary table. The power-off brake device of claim 1, wherein the inner side wall of each of the elastic claws has a slope, and the slope is from the elastic claw The top edge of the side wall is downward and inclined toward the axis of the tubular body. The power-off brake device of claim 2, wherein the slope of the inner side wall of the plurality of elastic claws matches the taper of the tapered head, and the elasticity is when the mandrel is in the first position The inner side wall of the claw can abut against the tapered head. The power-off brake device of claim 1, wherein the elastic claw member has a partition disposed at a first end of the tubular body, and the partition is provided with a hole, the spindle The shaft system is disposed in the hole of the partition, and the tapered head is located in the surrounding plurality of elastic claws. The power-off brake device of claim 4, wherein the outer diameter of the second end of the tapered head is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft body. The power-off brake device of claim 4, wherein the drive device comprises: a spring set disposed in the tubular body, and the spring set is sleeved outside the shaft body, the spring set has a relative a first elastic end and a second elastic end, the spring set is elastically expandable between the first elastic end and the second elastic end, the first elastic end is abutted against the partition; a piston Provided in the tubular body, the piston system is disposed on the shaft body does not have one end of the tapered head, and one side of the piston is abutted against the second elastic end of the spring group; a hydraulic device And driving the piston to reciprocate parallel to the axial direction of the shaft body between a release position and a compression position, and the piston can push the spindle to reciprocate between the first position and the second position, When the piston is in the release position, the mandrel is in the first position, and when the piston is in the compressed position, the mandrel is in the second position position. The power-off brake device of claim 6, wherein the driving device further comprises: at least one bolt for screwing the piston and the shaft body; a first leak-proof ring is sleeved Outside the bolt, the first leak-proof ring is disposed between the shaft body and the piston; and a one-way oil seal is sleeved between the outer portion of the piston and the tubular body. The power-off brake device of claim 1, further comprising a base, the tubular main system of the elastic claw member being disposed on the base. The power-off brake device of claim 8, further comprising at least one second leak-proof ring sleeved between the outside of the tubular body and the base. The power-off brake device of claim 8, wherein the base has a first-class track, the flow path having at least one inlet end and an outlet end, the outlet end being connected to the second end of the tubular body, the inlet The end is coupled to the oil pressure device, the inlet end providing oil pressure into the flow passage and flowing from the outlet end into the second end of the tubular body.