TWI397441B - 利用氯鋁石離子液態觸媒之烷化方法 - Google Patents
利用氯鋁石離子液態觸媒之烷化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI397441B TWI397441B TW094145397A TW94145397A TWI397441B TW I397441 B TWI397441 B TW I397441B TW 094145397 A TW094145397 A TW 094145397A TW 94145397 A TW94145397 A TW 94145397A TW I397441 B TWI397441 B TW I397441B
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- ethylene
- refinery stream
- butyl
- containing refinery
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- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 1-butylpyridinium lanthanum chloride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NNLHWTTWXYBJBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NNLHWTTWXYBJBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AYBDPJPUUUNBOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 AYBDPJPUUUNBOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical class C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- IZMHKHHRLNWLMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloridoaluminium Chemical compound Cl[Al] IZMHKHHRLNWLMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical class [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- POKOASTYJWUQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 POKOASTYJWUQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XHIHMDHAPXMAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XHIHMDHAPXMAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BXEMXLDMNMKWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1 BXEMXLDMNMKWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100496858 Mus musculus Colec12 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUUVAZCKXDQEIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;chlorite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]Cl=O YUUVAZCKXDQEIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003442 catalytic alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001648 diaspore Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011829 room temperature ionic liquid solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
- C10G29/205—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms by reaction with hydrocarbons added to the hydrocarbon oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/56—Addition to acyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C2/58—Catalytic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G50/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種利用離子液態觸媒藉由輕異烷烴與烯烴烷化自煉油廠加工物流生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法。
一般而言,將輕烷烴及輕烯烴轉化成更有價值之餾份對煉油產業係非常有價值的。此已藉由烷烴與烯烴烷化及藉由烯烴聚合完成。此領域中一個所使用之最廣泛之方法係利用硫酸及氫氟酸使異丁烷與C3
至C5
烯烴烷化製成具有高辛烷值之汽油餾份。自20世紀40年代,此方法就已為煉油產業所使用。此方法受到對高品質及完全燃燒之高辛烷汽油的日益增加的需求推動。
烷基化汽油係構成高品質且有效燃燒之汽油,其構成約14%之汽油池組份。烷基化汽油通常藉由煉油廠之異丁烷與低級烯烴(主要為丁烯)烷化來生成。目前,烷化物藉由利用HF及H2
SO4
作為觸媒來生產。雖然此等觸媒已成功用來經濟地生產最優良品質烷化物,但對於更安全且更環境友好觸媒體系之需求已成為有關產業之熱點問題。
在學術機構及工業機構中,對於代替目前環境不友好觸媒之替代性觸媒體系之探求已成為不同研究團隊之課題。不幸的是,在商業煉油廠中迄今仍未有目前方法之可行的代替方法投入實踐。
在大約近十年中,氯鋁石離子液體的出現引發對離子液體中之AlCl3
-催化烷化作為可能之選擇的一些興趣。舉例而言,已於美國專利第5,750,455號、第6,028,024號及第6,235,959號及公開文獻(Journal of Molecular Catalysis
,92(1994),155-165;Ionic Liquids in Synthesis
",P.Wasserscheid及T.Welton(編),Wiley-VCH Verlag,2003,第275頁)中描述於離子液體中異丁烷與丁烯及乙烯之烷化。
考慮到現代化煉油廠使用諸如流體催化裂化(FCC)、氫化裂化(HCR)、烷化及烷烴異構化之許多升級單元。結果,該等煉油廠生產巨大量之異戊烷。雖然異戊烷展示出高揮發性(20.4雷德蒸氣壓,RVP),但在歷史上異戊烷係理想的具有高辛烷值(92 RON)之汽油摻合組份。隨著環境法規開始對汽油揮發性提出更加嚴格之限制,因為異戊烷之高揮發性,所以其在汽油中之使用受到限制。結果,尤其在炎熱的夏季,尋找副產物異戊烷之用途的問題變得嚴峻。此外,因為更多汽油組合物含有乙醇而不是MTBE作為其氧化組份,所以必須將更多異戊烷阻止在汽油池之外以達滿足汽油揮發性之規範的目的。所以,汽油揮發性問題變得更加嚴峻,進一步限制異戊烷作為汽油摻合組份之有用性。
本發明描述於題名為Isopentane using Ionic Liquid Catalysts之共同讓渡美國專利申請案第xx/xxx,xxx號中(在此同時申請該申請案且以引用之方式將其倂入本文中),藉由利用離子液態觸媒使異戊烷與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流烷化將不當異戊烷轉化成低RVP汽油摻合組份來解決此問題。藉由減少過量之異戊烷,消除儲存異戊烷之負擔及/或對異戊烷使用之擔憂。此外,實施該處理使煉油廠擺脫與過量燃料氣體產生相關聯之問題及浪費。此舉係藉由利用例如自FCC單元中之廢氣中之乙烯作為異戊烷烷化之烯烴源來執行。
迄今,因為習知酸性烷化觸媒不催化該反應,所以煉油者未使用含有乙烯之物流來烷化異戊烷。利用離子液態觸媒允許煉油者享有上述利益。
本發明係關於一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含在氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在的烷化條件下使含有異戊烷及/或異丁烷之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯及/或丙烯及丁烯之煉油廠物流反應,該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式分別為A及B之烴基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石或烴基取代咪唑鎓氯鋁石:
其中R為H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基,且X為氯鋁石,且R1
及R2
為H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基,且其中R1
與R2
可相同或不同。
本發明部分地基於吾人對藉由離子液體中氯化鋁催化來烷化異丁烷及異戊烷與乙烯之研究,及吾人關於烷化反應進程且尤其乙烯之轉化極大地且出人意料地受烷化中所使用之離子液體之種類影響之驚人發現。吾人對烷化之研究展示,在異戊烷及異丁烷與乙烯之烷化中,吡啶鎓吡啶鎓及咪唑鎓基氯鋁石離子液體令人吃驚地比脂族銨氯鋁石離子液體(諸如三丁基甲基銨氯鋁石)更加有效。例如,吾人已展示在異丁烷及異戊烷與乙烯氣體之烷化過程中,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石及1-丁基吡啶鎓吡啶鎓氯鋁石導致大於95%之乙烯轉化率,而三丁基甲基銨氯鋁石僅導致相當低之乙烯轉化率。
藉由提高乙烯轉化率來改良乙烯與輕異烷烴之AlCl3
催化烷化之烷化率,此係歸因於利用吡啶鎓吡啶鎓及咪唑鎓基離子液體。此等離子液體優於脂族離子液體,且使乙烯轉化率驚人地提高。在此等離子液體中觀察到乙烯完全及接近完全之轉化率,而在脂族對應物中觀察到低至中等地轉化。
在一實施例中,本發明提供一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含在包含烴基取代鹵化吡啶鎓或烴基取代鹵化咪唑鎓之氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在的烷化條件下,使含有異戊烷之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流(其亦可含有丙烯、丁烯及/或戊烯)反應。
離子液態觸媒較佳係選自由下列各物組成之群:1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BMP)、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石(BMIM)及1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)。
用於本發明之方法之最佳離子液態觸媒為N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(C5
H5
NC4
H9
Al2
Cl7
)。
金屬鹵化物可用於改善觸媒之活性及選擇性。在氯化鋁催化烯烴-異烷烴烷化中,最常用作抑制劑/改質劑之金屬鹵化物包括NaCl、LiCl、KCl、BeCl2
、CaCl2 、
BaCl2
、SrCl2
、MgCl2
、PbCl2
、CuCl、ZrCl4
及AgCl,如Roebuck及Evering所述(Ind.Eng.Chem.Prod.Res.Develop.,第9卷,77,1970)。較佳之金屬鹵化物為CuCl、AgCl、PbCl2
、LiCl及ZrCl4
。
HCl或任何布朗斯特酸(Broensted acid)可用作助觸媒以藉由提高離子液體基觸媒之總酸度來增強觸媒之活性。美國公開專利申請案第2003/0060359及2004/0077914號中揭示,在實踐本發明中有用之該等助觸媒及離子液態觸媒之使用。如美國專利第6,028,024號中Hirschauer等人所述,其它可用於增強活性之助觸媒包括IVB金屬化合物,較佳為IVB金屬鹵化物,諸如ZrCl4
、ZrBr4
、TiCl4
、TiCl3
、TiBr4
、TiBr3
、HfCl4
、HfBr4
。
在根據本發明之方法中,可藉由提供第一含乙烯煉油廠物流且自該第一物流中分離出C2 +
餾份生成含有乙烯之該煉油廠物流(其比該第一含乙烯煉油廠物流更富含乙烯)來得到含有乙烯之煉油廠物流,其亦可含有諸如丙烯、丁烯及戊烯之其它輕烯烴。此於共同讓渡之題名為Alkylation of Isopentane with Ethylene using Ionic Liquid Catalysts之美國專利申請案第xx/xxx,xxx號中描述,在此同時申請該申請案且將其以引用的方式倂入本文中。
由於烴在離子液體中之低溶解性,所以如大多數離子液體中之反應烯烴異烷烴烷化通常為兩相的且發生於液態界面上。在對於脂族烷化常見之使用一個反應階段之分批系統、半分批系統或連續系統中,催化烷化反應通常於液態烴相中進行。異烷烴與烯烴可分別引入或作為混合物引入。異烷烴與烯烴之間的莫耳比率在1至100之範圍內,例如有利地在2至50之範圍內,較佳地在2至20之範圍內。在半分批系統中,首先引入異烷烴,接著引入烯烴或異烷烴與烯烴之混合物。反應器中觸媒體積係在2體積%至70體積%之範圍內,較佳係在5體積%至50體積%之範圍內。需要強烈攪拌以確保反應物與觸媒之間的良好接觸。反應溫度可在-40℃至+150℃之範圍內,較佳係在-20℃至+100℃之範圍內。壓力可在大氣壓力至8000千帕之範圍內,較佳為足以使反應物保持於液相中之壓力。反應物於容器中之滯留時間係在幾秒至幾小時之範圍內,較佳係在0.5分鐘至60分鐘之範圍內。可利用熟習此項技術者已知之任何方法消除反應所產生之熱。於反應器出口,藉由傾析自離子相分離出烴相,接著藉由蒸餾分離該等烴,且使未轉化之起始異烷烴再循環至反應器中。
典型之反應條件可包括:於反應器中之觸媒體積為5體積%至50體積%之、溫度為-10℃至+100℃、壓力為300千帕至2500千帕、異戊烷與烯烴之莫耳比率為2至8及滯留時間為5分鐘至1小時。
在根據本發明之方法中,自該烷化區回收低揮發性之高品質汽油摻合組份。較佳接著將彼等摻合組份摻合於汽油中。
下列實例為本發明之例示性實例,但並不希望以任何超出以下申請專利範圍內所含有之方式限定本發明。
氯鋁石離子液體已用於多種催化反應及方法中。然而,在大多數所報導之催化方法中未有許多對於離子液體之陽離子(意即四級銨陽離子)作用的關注。如本文中進一步所述,吾人研究在四種不同離子液體中乙烯與異丁烷及異戊烷之烷化,且發現該反應之進程,尤其是乙烯轉化率(限量試劑)受方法中所使用之離子液體類型的高度影響。舉例而言,在1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石中達成乙烯之良好轉化率至完全轉化率。然而,在三丁基甲基銨氯鋁石中僅達成不良至中等轉化率。該比率增加減少反應之滯留時間且因此減少烷化過程中之許多可能之不當副反應。因此,根據本發明之烷化方法導致較高選擇性及較高烷化物品質。
實例1
:製備N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石離子液體N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石係一室溫離子液體,其係藉由於惰性氣氛中將純氯化N-丁基吡啶鎓(固體)與純固體三氯化鋁混合製備而成。於下面描述氯化丁基吡啶鎓及相應之N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石之合成。於2公升特氟龍襯裏高壓釜(Teflon-lined autoclave)中,將400公克(5.05莫耳)無水吡啶(純度為99.9%,購自Aldrich)與650公克(7莫耳)1-氯丁烷(純度為99.5%,購自Aldrich)混合。將該純混合物密封且於145℃、自生壓力下攪拌隔夜。接著,將該高壓釜冷卻至室溫、排氣,且將所得混合物轉移至3公升圓底燒瓶中。用氯仿漂洗襯裏且溶解黏附於該襯側面之難以處理之硬質產物。一旦全部轉移,則於減壓下於旋轉蒸發器(熱水浴中)中濃縮該混合物以移除過量氯化物、未反應吡啶及氯仿漂洗液。藉由溶於熱丙酮中且經由冷卻及添加二乙醚沉澱出純產物來進一步純化所得褐色固體產物。過濾且於真空中乾燥且於旋轉蒸發器上加熱產生750公克(產率為88%)之呈灰白色發光固體狀之所要產物。對於所要氯化N-丁基吡啶鎓而言,1H-NMR及13C-NMR是理想的,且NMR分析未發現有雜質存在。
根據下列程序藉由緩慢混合經乾燥之氯化N-丁基吡啶鎓與無水氯化鋁(AlCl3
)製備N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石。在真空中於80℃下將氯化N-丁基吡啶鎓(如上述所製備)乾燥48小時以去除殘留水(氯化N-丁基吡啶鎓係吸水性的且曝露於空氣中易吸收水)。將500公克(2.91莫耳)之經乾燥之氯化N-丁基吡啶鎓轉移至於手套工作箱氮氣氛中之2公升燒杯中。接著,將777.4公克(5.83莫耳)之無水粉末狀AlCl3
(純度為99.99%,購自Aldrich)以小部分之形式添加(同時攪拌)以控制該高度放熱反應之溫度。一旦AlCl3
全部添加,則於手套工作箱中將所得琥珀樣液體保持輕微攪拌隔夜。接著過濾該液體以移除所有未溶解之AlCl3
。所得酸性N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石用作異戊烷與乙烯烷化之觸媒。
實例2
:於不同離子液體中進行異戊烷與乙烯之烷化離子液體之陽離子部分(有機部分)在於離子液體中進行之化學過程中起非常重要的作用。銨陽離子(有機部分)之性質在決定離子液體體系之許多化學及物理性質(諸如極性、黏性、溶解、溶合、中間體穩定性及其它性質)中起至關重要的作用。為研究離子液體類型對異烷烴與烯烴之烷化化學之影響,吾人研究在相同反應條件下於五種不同離子液體中進行之異戊烷與乙烯之烷化。此等離子液體展示如下且為:1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BMP)、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石(BMIM)、1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)及三丁基甲基銨氯鋁石(TBMA):
下面之表1展示異戊烷與乙烯於前述離子液體中烷化之結果。
表1展示在一種離子液體至另一種離子液體之烷化結果之間的差異。在吡啶鎓基離子液體及咪唑鎓基離子液體中,乙烯轉化率達到完全或接近完全,而在四烷基銨基離子液體(烷基胺-基離子液體)中之反應僅引起不良或中等轉化率。資料清楚地指示對於異烷烴/輕烯烴烷化而言,芳族胺-基離子液體比簡單烷基胺-基離子液體優良許多。在吡啶鎓基離子液態觸媒中,1-丁基吡啶鎓(BP)及1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)展示比1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓(BMP)更高之乙烯轉化率。然而,1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)比其它兩種吡啶鎓基觸媒引起更多C9 +
產物的形成。1-丁基吡啶鎓(BP)及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(BMP)觸媒展示最優良之活性及選擇性。根據表1所示之結果,烷化之較佳觸媒為包含烷基取代鹵化吡啶鎓或烷基取代鹵化咪唑鎓之酸性氯鋁石離子液態觸媒體系。
雖然不受任何理論約束,但是此等差異可歸因於各離子液體溶合該等反應物及反應中間體之能力的變化程度。烴於離子液體中之溶解性非常小。因此,異戊烷與乙烯於離子液體中之烷化係兩相(且可能係三相)體系。因此,離子液體中之烷化及其它化學轉換係界面的且其進展極大地受質量轉移及表面積之影響。質量轉移越有效,所包含之基質與觸媒之間的化學交換越有效。因此,離子液體之有機部分(陽離子)之性質極大地影響離子液體之黏度及其溶合能力且因此影響烷化過程中之質量傳遞。
實例3
:HCl聯合進料之異戊烷與乙烯之連續烷化於100立方公分連續攪拌槽式反應器中執行乙烯與異戊烷之烷化的評價。於1600轉數/分強烈攪拌下,將4:1莫耳比率之異戊烷與乙烯混合物饋入反應器。經由第二入口將離子液態觸媒(N-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石)饋入反應器以佔據該反應器之15體積%。向該製程中添加少量無水HCl氣體(觸媒與HCl之莫耳比率為10:1)。對於饋料與觸媒之組合體積而言,平均滯留時間為約40分鐘。使用反壓力調節器,將出口壓力維持在2300千帕。將反應器溫度維持於50℃。於3-相分離器中將反應器排出液分離成C4
-氣體、烷基化烴相及離子液態觸媒。將所回收之離子液態觸媒再循環回至該反應器,而不添加新的觸媒。監測觸媒之效能歷時65小時。於表2中概述操作條件及產率資訊,且於圖1中標繪作為再循環時間之函數之乙烯轉化率。
實例4
:無HCl聯合進料之異戊烷與乙烯之連續烷化於另一未向反應器添加HCl之連續運作中評價HCl助觸媒之效應。其他條件與實例3之彼等條件相似。於表2中概述操作條件及產率資訊,且於圖1中標繪作為再循環時間之函數之乙烯轉化率。
表2中之結果指示本發明之烷化方法之高選擇性在於轉化產物之接近80%為C7
異烷烴。於添加HCl的情況下在較高烯烴空間速度下獲得可比較之初始乙烯轉化率,指示添加HCl增加觸媒活性。較早於分批測試中觀察到相似活性增加。添加HCl不影響產物選擇性在於總產物選擇性可比得上無HCl添加之情形下之產物選擇性。圖1為在連續循環利用觸媒時連續模式中操作時間達90小時所監測之乙烯轉化率圖表。HCl在維持乙烯轉化活性中之效應令吾人吃驚。當循環利用所使用之觸媒時,在無HCl添加的情況下,乙烯轉化率自96%不斷地下降至約60%。添加HCl幫助維持乙烯轉化率使得轉化率保持在80%之上長達65小時之運轉時間。
雖然吾人不希望受理論之約束,但HCl或其它布朗斯特酸之源似乎係乙烯烷化作用所必需的。由於氯鋁石觸媒在其合成過程中略有水解,所以初始離子液態觸媒含有痕量HCl。因為副反應消耗該痕量HCl,所以乙烯轉化率開始下降。因此添加HCl或添加少量水以誘發HCl形成,可補充維持乙烯轉化率所需之HCl。
根據本文中所述之教示性及輔助性實例可能存在關於本發明之多種變體。因此應瞭解,在下列申請專利範圍之範疇內,可以與本文中特定描述或例示之內容不同地實踐本發明。
圖1為在循環利用觸媒時連續模式中所監測之乙烯轉化率圖表。
Claims (36)
- 一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含於氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在及異戊烷與烯烴莫耳比率為2至8的烷化條件下,使含有異戊烷之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流反應,該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式分別為A及B之烷基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石或烷基取代咪唑鎓氯鋁石:
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該離子液態觸媒係選自由下列各物組成之群:1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BMP)、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石(BMIM)及1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該觸媒進一步包含HCl助觸媒。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流係藉由提供一第一含乙烯煉油廠物流且自該第一物流分離出C2+ 餾份以生成該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流來得到,該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流比該第一含乙烯之煉油廠物流更富含乙烯。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流包含乙 烯、丙烯、丁烯及/或戊烯。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該等烷化條件另包括:於反應器中之觸媒體積為5體積%至50體積%、溫度為-10℃至100℃、壓力為300千帕至2500千帕及滯留時間為1分鐘至1小時。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含自該烷化區回收低揮發性之高品質汽油摻合組份。
- 如請求項7之方法,其進一步包含將該等組份摻合至汽油中。
- 一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含於氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在的烷化條件下,使含有異丁烷之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流反應,該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式分別為A及B之烴基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石或烴基取代咪唑鎓氯鋁石:
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流包含乙烯、丙烯、丁烯及/或戊烯。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該觸媒進一步包含HCl助觸媒。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該離子液態觸媒係選自由下列各物組成之群:1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BMP)、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石(BMIM)及1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流係藉由提供一第一含乙烯煉油廠物流且自該第一物流分離出C2+ 餾份以生成該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流來得到,該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流比該第一含乙烯之煉油廠物流更富含乙烯。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該等烷化條件包括:於反應器中觸媒體積為5體積%至50體積%、溫度為-10℃至100℃、壓力為300千帕至2500千帕及滯留時間為1分鐘至1小時。
- 如請求項9之方法,其進一步包含自該烷化區回收低揮發性之高品質汽油摻合組份。
- 如請求項15之方法,其進一步包含將該等組份摻合至汽油中。
- 一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含於氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在的烷化條件下,使含有異丁烷及異戊烷之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流反應,該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式分別為A及B之烴基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石或烴基取代咪唑鎓氯鋁石:
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流包含乙烯、丙烯、丁烯及/或戊烯。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該觸媒進一步包含HCl助觸媒。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該離子液態觸媒係選自由下列各物組成之群:1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BMP)、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石(BMIM)及1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流係藉由提供一第一含乙烯之煉油廠物流且自該第一物流分離出C2+ 餾份以生成該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流來得到,該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流比該第一含乙烯之煉油廠物流更富含乙烯。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該等烷化條件包括:於反應器中觸媒體積為5體積%至50體積%、溫度為10℃至100℃、壓力為300千帕至2500千帕、異戊烷與烯烴莫耳比率為4至8及滯留之間為1分鐘至1小時。
- 如請求項17之方法,其進一步包含自該烷化區回收低揮發性之高品質汽油摻合組份。
- 如請求項23之方法,其進一步包含將該等組份摻合至汽油中。
- 一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含於氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在的烷化條件下,使含有選自由異戊烷、異丁烷和其混合物所組成之群之異烷烴之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流反應,該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式分別為A及B之烴基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石或烴基取代咪唑鎓氯鋁石:
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流包含乙烯、丙烯、丁烯及/或戊烯。
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該觸媒進一步包含HCl助觸媒。
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該離子液態觸媒係選自由下列各物組成之群:1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BMP)、1-丁基吡啶鎓氯鋁石(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯鋁石(BMIM)及1-H-吡啶鎓氯鋁石(HP)。
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流係藉由提供一第一含乙烯之煉油廠物流且自該第一物流分離出C2+ 餾份以生成該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流來得到,該含有乙烯之煉油廠物流比該第一含乙烯之煉油廠物流更富 含乙烯。
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該等烷化條件包括:於反應器中觸媒體積為5體積%至50體積%、溫度為-10℃至100℃、壓力為300千帕至2500千帕及滯留時間為1分鐘至1小時。
- 如請求項25之方法,其進一步包含自該烷化區回收低揮發性之高品質汽油摻合組份。
- 如請求項31之方法,其進一步包含將該等組份摻合至汽油中。
- 如請求項17或25之方法,其中該等烷化條件包含異戊烷與烯烴莫耳比率為2至8。
- 9、17或25之方法,其中該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式A之烴基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石:
- 一種生產高品質汽油摻合組份之方法,其包含於氯鋁石離子液態觸媒存在的烷化條件下,使含有選自由異戊烷、異丁烷和其混合物所組成之群之異烷烴之煉油廠物流與含有乙烯之煉油廠物流反應,該氯鋁石離子液態觸媒包含通式A之烴基取代吡啶鎓氯鋁石:
- 如請求項35之方法,其中該等烷化條件包含異戊烷與烯烴莫耳比率為2至8。
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EP0748654A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-15 | 1996-12-18 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'alkylation aliphatique comprenant une phase active comportant un composé cuivreux, sur support |
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2004
- 2004-12-21 US US11/021,165 patent/US7432409B2/en active Active
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2005
- 2005-12-16 WO PCT/US2005/045811 patent/WO2006068983A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-20 TW TW094145397A patent/TWI397441B/zh active
- 2005-12-20 MY MYPI20056047A patent/MY140393A/en unknown
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Also Published As
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US7432409B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
WO2006068983A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
US20060135839A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
TW200628224A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
WO2006068983A3 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
MY140393A (en) | 2009-12-31 |
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