TWI375493B - Heat spreaders with vias - Google Patents

Description

1375493 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: The present invention is a contiguous case of the "heat dissipation circuit assembly" of the US Patent Application No. 1/267,93 3 filed by Reis et al. on November 4, 2005. The trial is in the process; the details of the consecutive case are referred to in this case by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is generally directed to a heat spreader made of an anisotropic graphite planar material, and more particularly to such a heat dispersion comprising a heat tunnel to facilitate heat transfer through the thickness of the heat spreader. Device. [Prior Art] Graphite heat spreaders have previously been proposed to remove heat from a number of dispersed heat sources. The surface of the disperser is placed against a discrete heat source and heat is moved therefrom into the disperser. Heat is then conducted through the disperser and dissipated from the two surfaces of the disperser by conduction or radiation to the cooler adjacent surfaces or dissipated into the air by convection. Thick graphite dispersers with high in-plane thermal conductivity have large cross-sectional areas to allow heat to be transferred and remove more heat than a thin disperser made of the same material. However, graphite materials having a high in-plane thermal conductivity have a relatively low thickness throughout thermal conductivity. This low thickness throughout the thermal conductivity impedes the flow through the graphite thickness and does not maximize heat transfer through the disperser. This problem can be overcome by embedding the hot aisle in a graphite disperser located at the location of the heat source. The hot aisle is made of an isotropic material, and the thermal conductivity of the isotropic material is higher than the thickness of the graphite through the 1375493 thermal conductivity. The candidate channel materials include: gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc. and various alloys thereof. The hot aisle is typically circular and sized to have a diameter large enough to substantially cover the entire surface of the heat source. The end of the channel contacts the heat source and heat flows into and through the channel. Heat is transferred to the graphite via the outer diameter llljflst of the channel. The effective slope of the channel transfers heat via the thickness of the graphite - and the full thickness of the graphite disperser can be utilized to maximize heat transfer. A prior art example of the use of a channel in a graphite heat dissipator is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,758,263, issued to the assignee of Reference to the case in this case. A thick graphite heat disperser made of high-in-plane thermal conductivity graphite and breaking into a hot aisle is a more efficient heat disperser than a relative graphite, all-copper or all-aluminum heat disperser, and It is usually lighter than a full copper or all-aluminum heat spreader. In a particular application, a heat spreader is used in conjunction with a printed circuit board. Printed circuit boards have traditionally been fabricated from dielectric materials such as fiberglass laminates (known as FR4 panels), polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like. On one of the surfaces of such a board, or between layers of dielectric material, is a circuit typically composed of copper. These circuits are typically formed by photolithography, sputtering, screen printing, or the like (in the case of circuits disposed between layers), the circuit must be laid before the layer is formed. On the dielectric material). Further, components such as led, processor or the like can be disposed on the surface of the board and in contact with the circuitry on the surface. These components may generate a significant amount of heat, which must be dissipated in order to allow the components to operate reliably and to the desired level of performance. Due to these heat generating components, the amount of heat that the printed circuit board must assist in dissipating may be large. . The so-called "hot plate" is formed at a layer where a layer of a heat dispersing material such as copper or aluminum and an alloy thereof is laminated with a dielectric material, and is preferably on the surface opposite to the surface of the circuit and the heat generating component or In the laminate, as a heat disperser for dispersing the heat generated by the electronic components. It is important that the heat spreader must be positioned such that at least one layer of dielectric material separates the heat spreader from the circuit(s) because the heat spreader materials are typically electrically conductive, and if they are in contact, Blocking the Operation of Circuits There are many commercially available "hot plates" on the market, sometimes referred to as metal core printed circuit boards (MCPCBs), such as the Insulated Metal SubstrateTM hot plate from Bergquist, from Thermagon. T-CladTM hot plate, HITT Plate from Denka, and Anotherm® from TT Electronics. These plates can be made of a dielectric layer with thermal conductivity. For example, the first three hot plates can pass through the dielectric layer. Filling with a plurality of thermally conductive particles, or such as an Ano therm plate, can pass through a thin anodized layer on top of the aluminothermic disperser layer. However, the use of thermally conductive particles can be expensive and the subsequent laminate must be thick enough. In order to ensure that it has no pinholes, this increases the thermal resistance of the design. An additional limiting factor of this method is its lack of manufacturing curved or non-planar circuit structures. And the fact that the dielectric material covers the entire surface of the heat disperser layer. The use of the anodized layer as a dielectric layer overcomes some of the above problems, but since copper cannot be anodized with 1374493, only aluminum can be used. As a layer of its heat disperser, since aluminum has a thermal conductivity significantly lower than that of copper, it may become a heat loss. However, all of the aforementioned methods may suffer from soldering difficulties because of printed circuit boards and components. The same heat dissipation properties during operation will unload the assembly process that requires a point of heat source to mis-connect (pour, hot rod bonding). To overcome some, but not all, of the above problems, conventional printed circuit boards can be separated. The process is combined with a separate metal heat spreader layer. In this configuration, the printed circuit board can be designed to have a number of hot runners (typically drilled with copper) so that The heat is conducted through the unfilled dielectric layer of the printed circuit board, but these can only be used in applications where components and components do not need to be electrically insulated. In addition, traditional heat-dispersible materials (for example, copper or aluminum) will greatly increase the weight of the board, which is unpleasant, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of these materials cannot be closely related to the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass fiber laminate. Ground matching, which under thermal action will cause physical stress on the printed circuit board, and potentially can cause delamination or cracking. Furthermore, because the thermal diffuser layer on these plates is an isotropic The thinness of the material (relative to its length and width) is made of metal material, so the heat will flow immediately through the thickness of the heat disperser, and the hot spot formed may appear directly opposite the heat source. The other type is in the industry. Circuit assemblies known as "soft circuits" face similar thermal management problems. The flexible circuit is constructed by providing a circuit (e.g., 1375493 copper circuit as described above) on the surface of a polymer material (e.g., polyimide or polyester) as a dielectric layer. As the name implies, these circuit materials are soft and can even be provided in the form of a coil of circuit material that can later be combined with a layer of heat spreader such as copper or aluminum. Although very thin, the dielectric layer in a flexible circuit still significantly increases the thermal resistance of a given design and faces some of the same problems observed in printed circuit boards. The use of the channel is still limited to electrical insulation as described above. Moreover, it is clear that the use of a hard metal layer (e.g., copper or aluminum) would make it impossible to utilize the softness of the soft circuit, which is important in end applications. The use of a heat spreader consisting of compressed sheets of exfoliated graphite particles will remedy many of the losses encountered with copper or aluminum heat spreaders because such graphite materials are comparable to copper. The advantage of reducing the weight by 80%, while at the same time matching or even exceeding the thermal conductivity required for the copper to disperse heat throughout the surface of the printed circuit board in the in-plane direction. In addition, graphite has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the plane of substantially zero, and is lower than the stiffness of copper to aluminum, thereby reducing the thermal stress at the graphite-dielectric bond. Although the compressed sheet of exfoliated graphite particles may even have the flexibility to be used in conjunction with a flexible circuit, the addition of a graphite-containing thermal disperser layer does not overcome all of the defects that result from the self-heating disperser. The location will separate the heat spreader from the heat generating components by one or more layers of dielectric material, resulting in reduced heat transfer from the components to the heat spreader layer. One or more of the layers of the laminate are composed of soft graphite flakes as is well known in the art. These structures can be seen, for example, in the manufacture of pads for the benefit of 1375493. See U.S. Patent No. 4,961,991 issued to Howard. The Howard case discloses various laminate structures comprising a plurality of metal or plastic sheets bonded between soft graphite sheets. The Howard case reveals that such a structure can be prepared by cold working a soft graphite flake on both sides of a metal mesh and then adhering to the metal mesh. The Howard case also discloses that a coating of a polymer resin is placed between two soft graphite sheets while heating to a temperature sufficient to soften the polymer resin, thereby coating the polymer resin with a cloth. Bonded between the two soft graphite sheets to form a soft graphite laminate. No. 5,509,99 3 to Hirschvogel discloses a soft graphite/metal laminate which is prepared by a method in which the main step of the method is to apply a surfactant to the desired Bonded to the surface. U.S. Patent No. 5,1,92,605 to Mercuri also incorporates a laminate of flexible graphite sheets bonded to a core material of metal, fiberglass or carbon. The Mercuri case deposits and then cures the coating of the epoxy resin on the core material and the particles of the thermoplastic prior to feeding the core material and soft graphite through the roller press roll to form the laminate. In addition to its utility on gasket materials, graphite laminates also have utility as heat transfer or cooling devices. The use of various solid structures as heat transfer bodies is well known in the art. For example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,316,080 and 5,224,030, the disclosures of each of each of each each each each each each each each each Such devices are used to passively conduct heat from a heat source (e.g., a semiconductor) to a heat sink. U.S. Patent No. 6,758,263 to the disclosure of U.S. Pat. Through the thickness of the assembly. However, the disclosures of Krassowski and Chen do not describe materials that conduct heat from a source of heat through a plurality of layers that are relatively non-conductive (such as a dielectric layer of a circuit assembly). As indicated previously, the graphite material which is preferably used as the heat disperser material of the present invention is a sheet of compressed exfoliated graphite particles, which is commonly referred to as a soft graphite flake material. The following is a brief description of graphite and the manner of forming, wherein the forming method is usually carried out to constitute a soft graphite sheet material. In microscopic form, the graphite consists of a hexagonal array of carbon atoms or a laminate plane of the network. The planes of the layers of carbon atoms in a hexagonal configuration are generally flat and are oriented or arranged to be substantially parallel and equidistant from one another. The substantially flat, parallel and equidistant carbon atom flakes or layers (commonly referred to as graphite flake layers or substrate planes) are joined or bonded together and their populations are arranged in crystallites. The highly ordered graphite material is composed of crystallites of considerable size which are highly aligned or oriented relative to one another and which have a number of relatively ordered carbon layers. In other words, 'highly ordered graphite has a preferred microcrystalline orientation of height. It should be noted that 'by definition' graphite has an anisotropic structure and thus exhibits or has many highly directional properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity and fluid diffusivity. Briefly, graphite is characterized by a stack of carbon's, that is, consisting of a number of layers or thin layers of -11-1375493 carbon atoms that are joined together by a weak vanderWaals force. structure. As far as the graphite structure is concerned, two axes or directions are usually mentioned, namely the "C" axis or direction and the "a" axis or direction. For the sake of simplicity '"C" the axis or direction can be considered perpendicular to the The direction of the carbon layer. The "a" axis or direction can be considered to be parallel to the carbon layer of the I sentence, or perpendicular to the "c" square square = graphite suitable for the manufacture of soft graphite sheets has a very high degree of directivity. As mentioned above, the bonding force that holds the parallel layers of carbon atoms together is only a weak van der Waals force. The natural graphite can be chemically treated such that the intervals between the carbon atom stacks or layers can be significantly opened so as to provide a significant expansion along the direction perpendicular to the layers (i.e., along the "C" direction). And thus forming an expanded or swollen graphite structure in which the thin layer properties of the carbon layers are substantially retained. Graphite sheets that have been chemically or thermally expanded, and more specifically, have been expanded to have a final thickness or "C" directional dimension that is about 80 times or more larger than the original "c" direction dimension. The graphite flakes are formed into a bonded or integral expanded graphite sheet, such as a mesh, paper, strip, tape or the like (commonly referred to as "soft graphite"), without the use of a binder. Due to the mechanical joining or bonding achieved between the extensively expanded graphite particles, the graphite particles can be formed into a unitary flexible sheet by compression without the use of any bonding material, wherein the graphite particles have been The expansion may have a final thickness or "C" direction dimension which is about 80 times or more greater than the original "c" direction dimension. In addition to softness, the sheet material as proposed above has also been found to have a high degree of anisotropy in heat and electrical conductivity and fluid diffusibility, although less

J -12-1375493, for example, but comparable to natural graphite starting materials, since the direction of the expanded graphite particles is substantially parallel to the relative orientation of the sheets formed by very high compression (eg, roll processing) surface. The sheet material thus produced has excellent flexibility, good strength and very high directionality. There is a need for a complete processing that can more fully benefit these properties. Briefly, the use of a non-adhesive anisotropic graphite sheet material (such as a mesh, paper, strip, tape, foil, mat, or the like) for forming a non-adhesive agent is included under a predetermined load and without a binder. Lowering or compacting the expanded graphite particles having a size of about 80 times or more the "C" direction of the "C" direction of the original particles so as to form a substantially flat 'softness, and Integral graphite sheet. Expanded graphite particles, which are generally in the form of insects or worms in appearance, will remain compressively deformed once compressed and aligned with the opposite major surfaces of the sheet. The nature of the sheet can be altered by precoating and/or adding binders and additives prior to the compression step. See U.S. Patent No. 3,404,061 issued to Shane et al. The density and thickness of the sheet material can be varied by controlling the degree of compression. Lower densities are advantageous where surface details must be embossed or molded' and lower densities help to achieve good detail. However, denser sheets typically have higher in-plane strength and thermal conductivity. Typically, the density of the sheet material will range from 0.04 g/cm3 to about 1.9 g/cm3. The soft graphite sheet material produced as described above generally exhibits an appreciable degree of anisotropy due to the alignment of the graphite particles parallel to the main opposite parallel surfaces of the sheet, while making the anisotropy The degree is increased immediately after the sheet material is pressed at the roller-13-1375493 to increase the density. In the rolled anisotropic sheet material, the thickness (i.e., perpendicular to the surfaces of the opposing parallel sheets) includes a "C" direction and directions extending along the length, and the width (i.e., along Or parallel to the major surfaces, including the "a" direction, and generally in terms of size, the thermal properties of the sheets in the "c" and "a" directions are very different. [Invention] Accordingly, the present invention It is an object to provide an improved structure for a channel in a graphite heat spreader. Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for fabricating a graphite heat spreader having a hot aisle. Another object of the present invention is to provide a flanged passage, It has a flange that engages one of the major surfaces of the graphite heat spreader to improve heat transfer between the channel and the graphite heat spreader. Another object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive one. A low cost method of pushing a nut to make a heat spreader with a channel. Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure for constructing a graphite heat spreader having a flush heat path Another object of the present invention is to provide a graphite heat spreader having a plurality of heat passages and a coating layer that provides structural integrity to facilitate the fixation of the heat spreader. Still another object of the present invention is to provide A method of forging a hot aisle together with a graphite heat disperser. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be easily and clearly understood after reading the disclosure and referring to the accompanying drawings in the accompanying drawings. Objects, Features, and Advantages [Embodiment] The present invention provides a preferred structure and method for producing graphite heat having a hot runner. In one embodiment, the flange passage is provided with at least one flange that is thermally dispersed with graphite. One of the planar surfaces of the graphite planar element is engaged. The flange channel can be pushed through the nut or can be fastened to the graphite by being rigidly connected to the second flange of the passage. On the disperser, therefore, this includes at least one flange and a second flange or a push nut that is above the surface of the graphite thermal element element. In another embodiment a flush heat The track, which is in the final position, is flush with the major planar surfaces of the graphite heat piece. Various preferred techniques for making the embodiment will be provided. Two embodiments preferably relate to a method of manufacture in which Press fit into a hole of the same shape but slightly smaller and penetrating through the element so as to provide a close fit between the stem and the through hole of the graphite. One of the special uses of such a graphite heat spreader is The circuit board assembly is used in combination with the heat dispersing function of the heat disperser layer on the heat path (ie, the heat path) between the heat generating component (the heat path) and the heat dissipator layer. Correctly, with the use of this thermal path, the graphite-based heat spreader can provide improved heat dispersion, even comparable to the use of aluminum or other and other dispersers. The flange channel is fully extended, and the element is provided by the elemental element. The printed circuit of the two elements of the graphite column surface element is printed by the LED. The use of the true layer of copper heat points -15- 1375493, also has the advantage of weight reduction. By "circuit assembly" is meant an assembly comprising one or more electronic circuits positioned on a dielectric material, and may include a laminate in which one or more of the circuits are sandwiched Between the dielectric layers. Specific examples of circuit assemblies are printed circuit boards and flexible circuits, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Before explaining the method of the present invention for improving existing materials, the graphite and how it is formed into a flexible sheet will be briefly described in the first place, and the soft sheets will become the main heat dispersers for constituting the product of the present invention. A microcrystalline version of graphite-based carbon that includes atoms that are covalently bonded in the plane of the flat stack and that bond the planes to a weaker bond. By treating the graphite particles (such as natural graphite flakes) with an intercalant such as a solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, the crystalline structure of the graphite will act to form a compound of graphite and the intercalant. The treated graphite particles are hereinafter referred to as "intercalated graphite particles". After exposure to high temperatures, the intercalating agent in the graphite then decomposes and volatilizes, which causes the intercalated graphite particles to be sized along the "C" direction (ie, along the direction perpendicular to the crystalline surfaces of the graphite). A type like the accordion expands to 80 times or more of its original volume. The exfoliated graphite particles are worm-like in appearance and are therefore commonly referred to as aphids. The worms can be compressed together into a flexible sheet which, unlike the original graphite sheet, can be formed and cut into various shapes. Graphite starting materials suitable for use in the present invention include highly graphitized carbonaceous materials which can be inserted into organic and inorganic acids and halogens and which then swell when exposed to heat under the exposure of 16-16775493. These highly graphitized carbonaceous materials optimally have a degree of graphitization of about 1.0. As used herein, the term "degree of graphitization j" refers to g値 obtained according to the following formula: = 3.45 X d(002) g = 0.095 where d(002) is in units of Angstrom The spacing between the graphite layers of the carbon in the crystal structure is measured. The spacing between the graphite layers is measured by standard X-ray diffraction techniques, corresponding to (002), (〇〇4), and (〇〇6) meters. The position of the diffraction peaks of the Miller Indices is measured, and the standard least squares technique is used to derive the spacing, which minimizes the total error of all of these peaks. Examples of highly graphitized carbonaceous materials are included from various sources. Natural graphite taken from the site, as well as other carbonaceous materials, such as graphite prepared by chemical vapor deposition, high temperature pyrolysis of polymers, or crystallization and the like. Natural graphite is the best. The graphite starting material used may comprise a non-graphite component as long as the crystal structure of the starting materials maintains the desired degree of graphitization and is exfoliable. In general, any carbonaceous material is suitable for use with the present invention, and Carbonaceous The crystal structure of the material has a desired degree of graphitization and is exfoliable. Such graphite preferably has a purity of at least about 80% by weight. More preferably, the graphite used in the present invention has an at least about 94. The purity of %. In the preferred embodiment, the graphite used will have a purity of at least about 98%. A common method for making graphite sheets is described in US Patent No. 3,404,061 to Shane et al. The disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. In a typical implementation of the method of Shane et al., Day-17-1375493 graphite flakes are dispersed by a solution comprising, for example, nitric acid and a mixture. Intercalated, and most advantageously tied to 100 parts by weight of graphite flakes (pph) from about 20 to about 300 parts of the intercalation standard. The intercalation solution includes oxidizing agents and other agents known in the art. Including: an oxidizing agent and an oxidizing mixture, such as a solution of an acid, potassium chlorate, chromic acid, potassium permanganate, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, an acid, and the like; or a mixture such as concentrated nitric acid and chromic acid chromic acid and phosphorus , sulfuric acid and nitric acid; or a strong organic mixture such as trifluoroacetic acid; and a strong oxidizing agent dissolved in the organic acid. Alternatively, electricity is used to cause oxidation of graphite. Chemicals that can be introduced into the stone by electrolytic oxidation. Including sulfuric acid and other acids. In a preferred embodiment, the intercalating agent is a solution of sulfuric acid or a mixture of sulfuric acid and carbon and an oxidizing agent, wherein the oxidizing agent is nitric acid, acid, chromic acid, potassium permanganate 'hydrogen peroxide , iodic acid, periodic acid, or the like. Although not preferred, the intercalation solution may comprise: a metal halide such as ferric chloride, and ferric chloride mixed with sulfuric acid; or a halide as bromine and sulfuric acid The amount of bromine of the solution, or the bromine intercalation solution in an organic solvent, may range from about 20 to about 35 Opph and more typically from about 40 to about 1 60 pph. After being intercalated, any excess solution is discharged from the sheets and washed with water. Alternatively, the amount of intercalation solution can be limited to between about 10 and 40 pph, which will allow the water wash step to be eliminated as taught and suggested in U.S. Patent No. 4,895,713, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In this article, sulphuric acid is intercalated with a perchloric acid salt in the liquid permeate, and other substances, such as a slab, such as a lamella sheet, are patented to introduce -18-1375493 graphite treated with an intercalation solution. The granules of the flakes can be contacted, for example by mixing, with a reducing organic agent selected from the group consisting of alcohols, saccharides, aldehydes and esters which are oxidizable in the temperature range from 25 ° C to 125 ° C. The surface film of the intercalation solution reacts. Suitable specific organic agents include: ί-hexanol, octadecyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, decyl alcohol, 1,10-decanediol, furfural, 1-propanol, 1,3 propanediol , ethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, potato starch, ethylene glycol monostearate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, propylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl monostearate , dimethyl carboxylic acid, diethyl carboxylic acid, methyl formate, ethyl formate, ascorbic acid, and compounds derived from lignin, such as sodium lignosulfonate. The amount of organic reducing agent is suitably from about 0.5 to 4% by weight of the graphite flake particles. The use of expansion aids prior to intercalation, during intercalation, or just after intercalation may also provide improvements. Among these improvements may be a reduced peel temperature and an increased expansion volume (also referred to as "worm volume"). The swelling aid herein will preferably be an organic material which is sufficiently soluble in the intercalation solution to achieve expansion improvement. More strictly speaking, such organic materials containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (preferably exclusively) can be used. Carboxylic acids have been found to be particularly effective. A suitable carboxylic acid which may be used as an expansion aid may be selected from aromatic, aliphatic or alicyclic, linear or branched, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids having at least one One carbon atom (preferably up to 15 carbon atoms) can be dissolved in the intercalation solution in an amount effective to provide a predictable improvement for one or more exfoliation patterns. A suitable organic solvent can be used to improve the solubility of the organic expansion aid -19-1375493 in the intercalation solution. Representative examples of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids are those such as those having H (CH small COOH), wherein n is from hydrazine to the word, and the acids include: formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyl hydrazine ~ hydrazine SP ff Ό - itU Λ, I -JU- = rr mr«rr —ϋ r^- .t>r irju LJ defeat' Han Sheng TIB net Ί 书 ° blade, WJ Md 0T is now Han Ying Ί king? Cross limbs such as alkyl ester ) instead of carboxylic acid. The representative of the alkyl ester is ethyl formate. Sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other conventional aqueous intercalants are all capable of decomposing into water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the expansion aid of formic acid is preferably contacted with the graphite flakes while the graphite flakes are immersed in the aqueous plug. The dicarboxylic acid is represented by a 2- to aliphatic fatty dicarboxylic acid, especially oxalic acid, fumaric acid maleic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, 1,5-penta-1, 6-hexane dicarboxylic acid, 1,10-decane dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1 and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid or terephthalic acid represented by dimethyl carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid Diethyl acid. a cycloaliphatic acid cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and the representative of the aromatic carboxylic acid is benzoin o-aminobenzoic acid, hydrazine-p-aminobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, hydrazine-, carboxylic acid, methoxyl and ethoxylate Kean acid, acetamethylene acetamide benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid and naphthoic acid. The hydroxyaromatics are p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid, 3-hydroxy-hydroxy-2.naphthoic acid, 5-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid naphthalic acid, and 7-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. An important one of the polycarboxylic acids is that the intercalation solution is aqueous and preferably contains from 1 to an adjuvant. This amount will effectively increase the peeling. Among them, there are chemical formulas of about 5 acid, valeric acid, /%-£±_*» / - ✓ seven AT king 籾L薙 methyl ester and formic acid with formic acid and other sensitive layering agents before i 12 carbon atoms , malonic acid, alkyl dicarboxylic acid, 4-dicarboxylic acid, acid. Representative of alkyl esters are acids, naphthoic acid, m- and p-toluidine benzoin and acid acids 2-naphthoic acid, 4-, 6-hydroxy-2-systemic citric acid. 10% expansion expansion aid -20- 1375493

In embodiments where the graphite is thin before or after immersion in the aqueous intercalation solution, the expansion aid may be mixed with the graphite by a suitable apparatus (eg, a lean machine), which typically comprises about 0.2% of the graphite flakes. About 10% of the amount. After the graphite flakes are inserted, and after the ink flakes to be coated with the intercalant are mixed with the organic reducing agent, the mixture is exposed to a temperature range of 125 ° C to promote the reaction of the reducing agent with the intercalation. The heating period can be as long as about 20 hours, while at the upper temperature it is only necessary, for example, at least about 10 minutes. It can be used at higher temperatures for half an hour or less, followed by 10 to 25 minutes. The graphite particles thus treated are sometimes referred to as "intercalated particles". When exposed to high temperatures (eg, at least about 160 ° C, about 700 ° C to 100 ° C, and higher temperatures), the intercalated stone is along the "c" direction (ie, perpendicular to the constituent graphite) The direction of the plane is expanded to an original 80 to 1,000 times or more in an original accordion type. The swells (i.e., the smear-off particles are worm-like in appearance, and thus are generally referred to as worms that can be compressed together into a soft sheet which, unlike the original sheet, can be shaped and cut In various shapes. Soft graphite sheets and foils with good processing strength, and are suitable for being compressed, for example, by rolling, to a thickness of between about 3.75 mm, and one per cubic centimeter Typical density of grams (g/cm3). For example, the 5th, 902,762 pieces of the United States contact 丨, the V-type mixed weight of the large intercalated stone E 25. (: to the coating surface within the range of short heating time, such as graphite In particular, the large ink particles can be granulated by the microcrystalline starting volume of the stone bridge worm. The graphite thin system is mutually viscous 0.07 5mm 0.1 to 1.9 patents as described in 21- 1375493 (the case is incorporated by reference) As used herein, 1.5 to 30% by weight of the ceramic additive can be mixed with the intercalated graphite flakes to provide increased resin implantation in the final soft graphite product. The additives include ceramic fiber particles. Has a value of about 0. The length between 15 and 1.5 mm. The width of the particles is suitably from 0.04 to 0.004 mm. The ceramic fiber particles are non-reactive and non-sticky to the graphite and are at a temperature of about 1100 ° C, preferably about 14 00. °C or higher is stable. Suitable ceramic fiber particles are made of macerated quartz glass fiber, carbon and graphite fiber, chromium oxide, boron nitride, tantalum carbide and magnesia fiber, naturally occurring mineral fiber, such as abietic acid. Calcium fiber, calcium aluminum silicate fiber, alumina fiber, and the like. The above method for intercalating and stripping graphite flakes can be performed by graphite flakes at a graphitization temperature (ie, at about 3000 ° C) And the pretreatment of the temperature in the range of the above, and the reinforcing agent is advantageously enhanced by the inclusion of a lubricating additive in the intercalating agent, as disclosed in the International Patent Application No. PCT/US02/39749, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The manner of reference is incorporated herein. When the graphite flakes subsequently undergo intercalation and exfoliation, pretreatment or annealing of the graphite flakes will result in a significantly increased expansion (i.e., the expanded volume is increased to 300% or greater). Indeed, the increase in expansion is satisfactorily at least about 50% compared to a similar treatment without an annealing step. The temperature used in the annealing step should not be significantly lower than 3000 ° C, because A temperature as low as 100 ° C will result in a substantially reduced expansion. The annealing of the present invention is carried out for a period of time sufficient to cause the sheet, and the sheet then has an increased swelling after the intercalation and subsequent stripping - 1375493. The required time is usually 1 hour or more, preferably 1 to 3 hours, and most advantageously carried out in an inert environment. For the best benefit, the annealed graphite sheet will also be experienced. In the art, it is a conventional method for increasing the degree of expansion, that is, an intercalation method comprising an organic reducing agent, an intercalation aid such as an acid, and surface activity after the intercalation is completed. Flush. In addition, the intercalation step can be repeated for maximum benefit results. The annealing step of the present invention can be carried out in an induction furnace or other such apparatus as is well known and clarified in the art of graphitization; as far as the temperature used herein is in the range of 3000 ° C, the temperature should be Located at the upper end temperature in the temperature range encountered in the graphitization procedure. It has been observed that worms made from graphite that has been subjected to pre-intercalation annealing may sometimes "cluster" together, which may negatively affect the uniformity of impact surface release weight, thus assisting in the formation of "free flow" The worm additive is highly necessary. The addition of a lubricating additive to the intercalation solution helps the worm to more evenly distribute the machine tool across the compression device (eg, a machine tool of a press workstation), which has traditionally been used to compress (roll) the graphite worm into Soft graphite sheet. Therefore, the resulting sheet has a higher area uniformity and a larger tensile strength. The lubricating additive is preferably a long bond carbon oxide, more preferably a carbon oxide having at least about 10 carbons. Even if other functional groups exist, other organic compounds having long-chain carbon oxide groups can be used. More preferably, the lubricating additive is oil, and the best is mineral oil, especially considering that the mineral oil is less prone to spoilage and stinky. For those who need long-term storage, this is an important consideration. It will be noted that certain -23-1375493 expansion aids, which have been detailed above, also meet the definition of a lubricating additive. When these materials are used as expansion aids, it is not necessary to include an individual lubricating additive in the intercalant. The lubricating additive is present in the intercalating agent in an amount of at least about 1.4 pph. Preferably, at least about i.Spph is acceptable. Although the upper limit of the encapsulating lubricating additive content is not as important as the following, the lubricating additive content is greater than about 4 pph. It does not seem to have any significant additional benefits. The soft graphite sheet of the present invention, if necessary, can be used to temper the granules of the soft graphite sheet instead of the newly expanded worm, as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,673,289, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The way is to be included in this article. The sheets may be freshly finished sheet material, recycled sheet material, discarded sheet material, or any suitable source thereof. The method of the present invention may also use a mixture of unused materials and recycled materials. The source material of the recycled material may be the trimmed portion of the sheet or sheet 'which has been compression molded as described above, or may have been compressed by, for example, a pre-roller roll but not implanted with resin. Plate. In addition, the source material may be the trimmed portion of the sheet or sheet that has been implanted with the resin but not cured, or the trimmed portion of the cured sheet or sheet that has been implanted with the resin. The source material can also be a recycled soft graphite proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly, such as a flow plate or electrode. Each of the various graphite sources can be used as a natural graphite flake or can be mixed with natural graphite flakes. Once the source material of the soft graphite sheet is available, it can then be powdered by a conventional method or apparatus (e.g., a jet honing machine, a gas mill, a blender, etc.) so that it can be made into granules. Preferably, most of the particles have a diameter that allows them to pass the US National Standard 20 mesh; more preferably, most (greater than about 20%, the best system is greater than about 50%) will ·,*Ό^ ·,Γ3 -ΧΛ. I 凡II民I IL?C Λ**» Λ Λ f—» ^=» >.», ».· nrrri ♦»· , »—» Back to the secluded stunned iSU teacher day. Silence, 睹 Μ Μ has a 'larger than about the United States national standard 20 mesh size. It is preferable to cool the soft graphite sheet while it is being powdered and simultaneously implanted with the resin so that the resin system can be prevented from being thermally damaged during the powder formation. • The size of the granulated particles can be selected to balance the processability and formability of the graphite article having the desired thermal properties. Thus, smaller particles will result in a graphite article that is easier to process and/or shape, while larger particles will result in a graphite article that has a higher anisotropy and therefore greater in-plane electrical and thermal conductivity. Once the source material is broken into powder, it is then re-expanded. The re-expansion can be utilized by the use of the above-described intercalation and exfoliation methods, as well as in U.S. Patent No. 3,404,06, issued to Shane et al. The methods described are occurring. In general, after intercalation, the particles are peeled off by heating the intercalated particles in a furnace. During this stripping step, the intercalated natural graphite flakes can be added to the recovered intercalated particles. Preferably, during the re-expansion step, the particles are expanded to have a specific volume in the range of at least about 100 cc/g and up to about 350 cc/g or greater. Finally, after re-expansion, the re-expanded particles can be compressed into flexible sheets, as described below. According to the present invention, a graphite sheet prepared as described above (which usually has a thickness of from -25 to 1375493 of from about 0.075 mm to about 10 mm, but which may be changed, for example, according to the degree of compression used) may be treated with a resin, and The absorbed resin enhances the moisture resistance and handling strength (ie, rigidity) of the sheet after curing, and "fixes the shape of the sheet. The amount of resin in the epoxy-implanted graphite sheet must be sufficient to ensure The final combined and cured layered structure is dense and has an amount of adhesion, while the anisotropic thermal conductivity associated with the dense graphite structure is not adversely affected. Suitable resin content is preferably at least about the weight. 5%, more preferably from about 10 to 35% by weight, and suitably up to about 60% by weight. Resins which have been found to be particularly advantageous for the practice of the invention include: acrylic, epoxy and phenolic groups Resin systems, fluorine-based polymers, or mixtures thereof. Suitable epoxy resin systems include those based on bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resins, as well as other multifunctional resin systems; phenolic resins that can be used include Res Ole and Novolac type phenolic resin. Alternatively, in addition to the resin, soft graphite may be implanted into fibers and/or salts; or soft graphite may be implanted with fibers and/or salts to replace the resin. Reactive or non-reactive additives can be used with resin systems to modify properties such as adhesion, material flow, water repellency, etc. A device for continuously forming resin and compressing soft graphite material is revealed In U.S. Patent No. 6,706,400 to Mercuri, Capp, Wardrip, and Weber, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. At the time of the compression step (for example, by means of wheel pressure), after immersion-26-1375493

The stained material is cut into appropriately sized slices and placed therein, where the resin is applied at a raised temperature by a @ graphite sheet that can be stacked in a laminate form, with other graphite sheets stacked together The temperature at which the beta is produced in the press is used in the press must be sufficient to ensure that the stone pressure is densified while the thermal properties of the structure are not loud. In general, this would require a minimum of about 90 and typically up to about 200 °C. Most preferably, the cure is from the right to a temperature range of 200 ° C. The pressure used for curing will be a function of temperature, but will be sufficient to ensure that the graphite structure is densified without adversely affecting the properties. In general, the benefits will be exploited to intensify the structure to the required pressure. This pressure will typically be at least about 7 MPa (1000 lbs) and no more than about 35 MPa (comparably and more generally from about 7 to about 21 MPa (1000 liters depending on the resin system and the temperature and pressure used). j is usually in the range of about 0.5 hours to 2 hours. The solid material is found to have a density of at least about 1.8 g/cm3 from about 1.8 g/cm3 to 2.0 g/cm3.

Advantageously, when the soft graphite sheet itself is presented as a resin in the implanted sheet, it can be used as a laminate, according to another embodiment of the invention, before the soft sheet, by wheel pressing and planting The soft graphite sheet will be the first agent. Suitable adhesives include epoxy-acrylic-based S placed in a press. In addition, soft can be made by smashing. The temperature of the ink structure will be adversely affected by the temperature, and: from about 150 ° C to the heat used for the structure, the minimum degree of manufacturing must be equivalent to 5000 psi per square meter, 3000 psi). Solid, but changed, but after the completion of the pass, f, and usually attached to the laminated board, the adhesive is stored. The layers are then stacked and cured to adhere the L phenolic based resin. -27- 1375493 Phenolic resins which have been found to be particularly advantageous for the practice of the invention include: Resole type and Novolak type phenolic resin. Although the formation of the sheet by means of wheel pressing or molding is the most commonly used method of forming the graphite material useful in the practice of the present invention, other forming methods can be used. The temperature and pressure cured graphite/resin composite of the present invention provides a graphite based composite having an in-plane thermal conductivity comparable to or exceeding the thermal conductivity of copper at only a fraction of the copper weight. More specifically, the composites have an in-plane thermal conductivity of at least about SOOW/n^K while having a through-plane thermal conductivity of less than about 15 W/m°K, more preferably less than about 10 W/m°K. Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 1, a circuit assembly in which a graphite heat spreader is combined with a plurality of hot channels in accordance with the present invention is designated by the symbol 10. The circuit assembly 10 includes at least one dielectric layer 20 and a heat spreader 30, wherein the heat spreader 30 abuts the dielectric layer 20. Preferably, the heat spreader 30 comprises at least one sheet of compressed exfoliated graphite particles which are prepared as previously described. The circuit assembly 10 is typically a printed circuit board or flexible circuit, but may also include, for example, a conductive ink-based or screen pattern on the dielectric layer 20. The circuit assembly 10 also typically includes a circuit 40, which is conventionally made of copper, which is applied to the dielectric layer by photomask etching, sputtering, screen printing, or the like. 20 on. As mentioned previously, the circuit 40 can also be constructed of conductive ink that is applied to the dielectric layer 20 by, for example, printing or wire mesh methods. -28- 1375493 Dielectric layer 20 can be well known in the printed circuit board industry, such as: glass fiber with resin (FR-4), preferably formed into a laminate; polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE), commercially available Teflon brand materials: and expanded PTFE, sometimes labeled as ePTFE; and impregnated or inhaled resin versions of the above items. Additionally, the poor lean layer 20 can be a polymer such as polyamidene or polyester, as is used in the formation of flexible circuits. The dielectric layer 20 may also comprise a ceramic material, such as aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, alumina, which is presented as a separate layer or is applied via, for example, anodization, vapor deposition, or flame spray. A substrate layer (e.g., heat spreader layer 30) is used; the use of the anode treatment is particularly relevant to the case where the heat spreader layer 30 is aluminum. Moreover, in some cases, it is preferred to at least partially enclose the heat spreader layer 30 or provide a coating on the surface of the heat spreader layer 30 so as to prevent particulate matter from the heat spreader layer 30. Peel off. For example, some people's opinion is that graphite materials are prone to flakes. Whether or not it is true, providing a coating composed of a polymeric material such as Mylar (typically on a grade less than 20 microns thick) to prevent sheet flaking will be associated with the above-described teachings. In this case, the polymeric material can serve as the dielectric layer 20' of the circuit assembly 10 because the material used can be non-conductive and thin enough to not substantially interfere with heat transfer to the heat spreader layer 30. Alternatively, an anodized layer may be used to inhibit spalling, while the anodized layer may also serve as dielectric layer 20. Preferably, the 'heat disperser layer 30 is from about 0.25 mm in thickness to 25 mm' in thickness, more preferably from about 〇5 mm to about 14 mm, and includes to -29-1375493.

One less piece. Advantageously, the heat spreader layer 30 can be a laminate of up to a plurality of graphite sheets to provide the desired heat. The graphite composite can be used to at least partially replace copper or other metals used as heat generating dispersers, and in the preferred embodiment /-«-» ML. »-· Mi 兀王吧T\° Surprisingly, an improved thermal resistance will be obtained when the heat spreader layer 30 is constructed, for example, by painting black, especially when it is composed of one or more sheets of compressed, stripped particles. In other words, at the color of the graphite heat disperser layer 30 adjacent to the dielectric layer 20, the effective thermal resistance of the thermal path from the heat generating component is reduced. The exact cause of this situation is unknown, but it is generally believed that the graphite is made. The fact that the heat score 30 becomes black will improve the emissivity of the disperser layer 30, whereby the heat spreader layer 30 dissipates heat. The heat spreader layer 30 does not necessarily have to be planar, but may also be "bent" so as to form a three-dimensional shape. This is particularly advantageous in the field where the electricity 10 must be located on a different plane than the heat spreader layer 30. This configuration is for example used in edge-lit liquid crystal display displays, in which several LEDs are mounted on the circuit assembly 10 with a confined space (i.e., the thickness of the LCD display) and the thermal diffuser layer 30 is perpendicular to The LED mounting plane is extended. Indeed, in one embodiment of the invention, the heat spreader layer has a larger capacity than the dielectric layer 20 and any circuitry 40 located thereon. In this case, the dielectric layer 20 and the heat generating group(s) and circuit 40(s) can be located in a plane (eg, for sidelighting)

In the total of 10 or more dispersive circuits, it can be graphite, which is black in the absence of surface. Although the diffuser layer can be modified to include the one or the road assembly F (LCD and located in the face, the surface of the F 30 has a 50-inch LCD -30-1375493 display LED plane), while the heat spreader layer 30 Extending to another plane as previously described (e.g., a curved surface having a curvature of about 90, such as in the plane behind the LCD display), and thus dispersed into other planes for additional dissipation. The graphite/dielectric trade material laminate can be phased by laminating a plurality of dielectrics, heat spreader layers 30, for example, in a laminate of the formed circuit assembly and using conventional adhesives. 'Graphite/dielectric material laminates can be formed to be pre-compressed and simultaneously pressurize and cure the graphite materials." The implanted graphite sheet epoxy polymer is sufficient to cure the structure when cured. The graphite and graphite layers are bonded in place. In any event, preferably, the graphite composite is used as a heat spreader for the circuit assembly 10 to replace a copper or aluminum heat spreader in a so-called "metal backed" printed circuit board or circuit. As mentioned previously, the material 20 forming the central portion of the circuit assembly 10 has two major surfaces 20a and 20b. The heat spreader f is coupled to one of the surfaces 20a of the dielectric material 20; the other meter has disposed thereon at least one heat generating assembly 50, and often has a replica generating assembly 50a, 50b, 50c, etc., such as an LED, Chipsets, other components familiar to those skilled in the art. The heat generating assembly 50 is in contact with a portion of the circuit 40, and the circuit 40 is mounted on the surface 20b of the circuit assembly 10 on which the assembly 50 is disposed. Some manufacturers' LEDs contain hot fillets to help dissipate the heat itself; these hot fillets are generally considered to be charged. The hot layer 20 and the conventional I can be formed in a vertical manner. Or stacked, in the slice implanted embodiment layer 30, in a soft dielectric material 30 adjacent to the t-plane 20b, a number of heat or familiarity is placed in its LED, therefore -31- 1375493 when these LEDs When more than one is placed on the circuit assembly, care must be taken to avoid shorting between the strips on the two or more LEDs of the assembly; therefore, the individual LEDs must often be electrically insulated. To facilitate the transfer of heat from the heat generating assembly 50 to the heat spreader layer 30, a heat path 60 (also referred to as a hot channel or simply channel 60) extends through the heat spreader layer 30 and abuts the heat generating assembly 50. Advantageously, the passage 60 also extends through the circuit assembly 10 between the respective heat generating assemblies 50 and the heat spreader layer 30. While other high thermal conductivity materials such as aluminum or compressed exfoliated graphite particles may be used, the channel 60 still includes a fillet or "rivet" made of a highly thermally conductive material such as copper or its alloy. . By "high thermal conductivity" is meant that the thermal conductivity of the channel 60 in the direction between the heat generating component 50 and the heat spreader layer 30 is greater than the thickness of the dielectric layer 30 throughout the thermal conductivity; preferably, the thermal conductivity of the channel 60 It is at least about 100 W/m °K, more preferably at least about 200 W/m °K, and even more preferably at least about 50 W/m °K. Although channel 60 is most generally cylindrical in shape, each channel 60 can take any particular cross-sectional shape. Channel 60 can be a single unitary component, but can also include more than one portion, such as a pair of separate components that are press fit or otherwise joined together, as will be described below in conjunction with Figures 7-27. . Moreover, based on location considerations, the channel 60 can advantageously have a shoulder or step 61 on a side adjacent dielectric layer. If electrical insulation is required, a dielectric layer (such as anodized aluminum, aluminum nitride, alumina or alumina, etc.) can be placed thereon or on all surfaces of the channel 60, such as by flame spraying or The vapor deposited alumina is placed on the copper or, for example, the aluminum treated with -32-1375493 anodized as the channel 60. In addition, the surface of the channel 60 can remain solderable or can be coated to be solderable, thereby facilitating the attachment of the heat generating assembly 50 to the channel 60. Each channel 60 extends into and is in thermal contact with the heat spreader layer 30. For example, the channel ό 0 can be assembled into a slit or hole in the heat spreader layer 3 G using a thermal adhesive or a press fit such as the so-called "fast nut j or push nut" so that Good thermal contact between the channel 60 and the heat spreader layer 30 is ensured and heat transfer from the channel 60 is ensured to pass through the thickness of the diffuser layer 30. Once the channel 60 is assembled into the diffuser layer 30 for establishment A suitable means of adequate thermal contact is to force passage 60 through a bore in diffuser layer 30 having a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of passage 60, as described below, for example, as illustrated in Figures 14, 20, 30 and 36; In this manner, forcing passage 60 through the action of the aperture will provide a press fit between the two. Alternatively, the aperture in the diffuser layer 30 can be formed by utilizing the passage 60 itself as a punch. The nature of the stripped graphite particles may allow the mating to be completed without undue damage to the hot runner 60 or the heat spreader layer 30. Likewise, the passage 60 must be in good thermal contact with the heat generating assembly 50. ,through 60 must be thermally bonded or bonded to the heat generating component 50 by utilizing solder, a thermal paste, a thermal adhesive such as an epoxy resin, a sheet of compressed exfoliated graphite particles, or the like. Channel 60 preferably extends through circuit assembly 10 and is exposed at the surface of circuit assembly 10, on which heat generating assembly 50 is disposed. Thus, in this embodiment, channel 60 has a length that is substantially Equivalent to -33 - 1375493 The combined thickness of the dielectric layer 20 and the heat spreader layer 30, plus any distance that the channel 60 extends from the dielectric layer 20 or the heat spreader layer 30, as shown in Figure 2A. Alternatively, a hot aisle or thermally conductive dielectric material can be used to transfer heat from the heat generating component to the channel 60 and such that the channel 60 extends only through the heat spreader layer 30 to dissipate heat through the heat spreader layer 30. The thickness; therefore, in this case, the channel 60 will have a length that is substantially equal to the thickness of the heat spreader layer 30, plus any distance that the channel 60 projects from the heat spreader layer 30. To provide the channel 60 with Good thermal contact between the heat generating components 50 The channel 60 may protrude above the surface 20b of the dielectric layer 20 as shown in FIG. 2. Alternatively, the channel 60 may be placed with the dielectric layer 20 as shown in FIG. The surface 2 Ob is flush, or may be recessed relative to the surface 20 of the dielectric layer 20 as shown in Figure 2C, and this will depend on the nature of the heat generating assembly 50 and be used to provide the channel 60 with A preferred method of thermally connecting the heat generating components 50. An advantageous method for providing good thermal contact between the channels 60 and the heat spreader layer 30 is by using a "rivet" type channel 60, as described below in conjunction with the seventh Figure 27 is the one described. In this manner, a rivet-type passage 60 can be compressed or squeezed to seal against the outer surface of the heat spreader layer 30 (i.e., not with the dielectric layer) in the same manner as the rivet is compressed to seal against the substrate. Adjacent surface), which will form a good thermal connection between the two. As mentioned previously, the heat spreader layer 30 is advantageously laminated or bonded to the dielectric layer 20» However, it is contemplated that the use of the via 60 will result in a presence between the heat spreader layer 30 and the dielectric layer 20. Clearance so that heat-34-1375493 can be optimized for dissipation. In other words, since the heat transfer between the heat generating component 50 and the heat spreader layer 30 is mainly via the channel 60 rather than via the dielectric layer 20, the heat spreader layer 30 does not need to be in contact with the dielectric layer 20. A gap of up to about 1 mm or even larger may be lifted between the heat spreader layer 30 and the dielectric layer 2G, for example, by using a separator or the like (not shown), in this manner, if The heat spreader layer 30 remains in thermal contact with the channel 60, and more surface area of the heat spreader layer 30 is exposed and more heat can be dissipated therefrom. In short, in this embodiment, the heat spreader layer 30 can serve as both a heat spreader and a heat dissipation fin. In an alternative embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the passage 60 can be integral with the heat generating assembly 50. For example, if an LED is used as the heat generating component 50, the LED can have a highly thermally conductive fillet or rivet extending therefrom that can then extend through the circuit assembly 10 and with the heat spreader layer 30. Thermal contact (e.g., via a press fit or rivet pattern as previously described) to facilitate heat dissipation from the LED to the heat spreader layer 30. In another embodiment illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B, the channel(s) 60 can be present in a collection strip 62 extending through the heat spreader layer 30, wherein the collection strip 62 includes an elongate member having Thousands of individual channel elements 64a, 64b, 64c, etc. extending therefrom and up through the dielectric layer 20 are shown in Figure 6B. Alternatively, the collector strips may extend through the dielectric layer 20 while the individual channel units extend through the heat spreader layer 30 (not shown). In another embodiment, illustrated in Figure 5, the passage 60 can extend through and beyond the heat spreader layer 30 to serve as additional heat dissipation layers 30a, -35-1375493 30b, 30c, etc. (e.g., Support for the heat spreader layer or heat dissipating fins). In other words, if space permits, the channel 60 can extend through the heat spreader layer '30, and other heat spreader layers or heat dissipation fins 30a, 30b, 30c, etc. (better than also from the compressed stripped graphite) The slab of particles can be placed in thermal contact with the channel 60 and provide additional heat by means of an air gap between the additional layers' or fins 30a, 30b, 30c, etc. dissipate. A plurality of spacers (not shown) may be used to maintain separation of the layers 30a, 30b, 30c, and the like. ® As shown in Figure 3, the present invention is particularly useful when the circuit assembly is a flexible circuit 100. Because of the nature of the flexible circuit 100, conventional heat dissipating materials that are relatively rigid compared to the compressed exfoliated graphite sheets are not practical. However, the use of one or more compressed exfoliated graphite sheets as the heat spreader layer 30 will effectively dissipate heat from the heat generating assembly 50 via passage 60 without severely compromising softness. In addition, since each of the channels 60 is generally a discontinuous article, even if a plurality of channels 60a, 60b, 60c are included, the flexibility will not be compromised. ® Thus, by using the present invention, effective dispersion in a circuit assembly can be achieved to an unprecedented level, even in the case of flexible circuits, and even in the case of heat source LEDs. Flange passages. Figures 7 through 27 illustrate the construction of the flange passage and illustrate a method of assembling a flange passage having a graphite planar member. 1 . f··qq less heat rivet In some applications the 'hot aisle is allowed or necessary to protrude above the surface of the diffuser -36-1375493. Similarly, in some applications it is necessary to reduce the cost of the split, while still trying to achieve the goal of achieving the most conflicts of heat flow through the disperser by using a flanged type of channel in the disperser. As shown in Figure 7. In Figure 7, a thermal management system is shown in the figure as component 100. System 100 includes an anisotropic graphite planar element 102 having - and second opposing planar surfaces 104 and 106 and having a thickness 108 between the planar surfaces. The planar element 102 has a phase of thermal conductivity parallel to the planar surfaces 104 and 106 and a phase of thermal conductivity through the thickness 108. The planar element 102 has a circular pocket or aperture 1 that is consistently located between the planar surfaces 104 and 106. The recess 100 is defined by a cylindrical inner pocket wall 112. The rivet track 114 has a cylindrical stem 116 extending through the pocket 110 to closely engage the inner pocket wall 112. The passage 114 further includes a flange with the post 116 extending laterally and closely engaging. Graphite planar element 102 - planar surface 104. As mentioned previously, the passage 114 is preferably constructed of an isotropic material such that heat from a heat source (e.g., 120) can be conducted through the passage and into the thickness 108 of the graphite planar member 102. The passage 114 is formed of a group selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and alloys thereof. The anisotropic graphite planar element 102 is preferably made from compressed graphite particles. As is apparent from Fig. 7, the flange of the rivet-type passage 114 protrudes from one side of the graphite planar member 102, and the stem 1 16 is larger from the diffuser. The rivet symbol has the advantage that although it is still low, it wears 10, and the heat is tight and closes from the heart: Cheng, 114, the best material has been stripped g 118 Ink-37- 1375493 The other side of the surface element 102 protrudes. The rivet-type passage 114 is sized such that the diameter of the stem 116 is large enough to substantially cover the surface of the heat source 120. The flange channel 114 is held in position relative to the graphite flat 102 by pressing a commercially available pusher 12 on the stem 1 1 of the channel 1 14 . The push nut 22 does not need to be made of the same material as the pass because it does not contribute to heat transfer; it is unique in that the rivet-type channel 114 can be held in position relative to the graphite planar member 102. The inner diameter of the push nut 1 22 is slightly smaller than the stem 1 1 6 so that the push nut can closely contact the upper end 114 of the channel 114 or the free end 124 contacts the heat source 120, and the heat is from heat. It flows into the stem 1 1 6 of the passage 1 14 and the flange 1 1 8 . Heat is transferred into the face member 102 via both the outer diameter of the core and the inner side surface 126 of the flange 118. Because the flange 118 contacts the first side 104 of the ink planar element 102 opposite the heat source 120, the heat transferred to the graphite planar element is maximized. It will be appreciated that there is a contact area between the heat source 120 and the freedom of the stem 116, which may be referred to as a thermally conductive contact area defined by the heat source. Although the heat source may be moderately larger than the area of the stem 11 from the end 124, and the advantage of the present invention is substantially as high as the contact area is still less than the free end 124 of the stem 116, the push nut 122 is received in the heart. Above and at the column 116. The push nut 122 snugly engages the face surface 106 of the graphite planar member 102 such that the graphite planar member 102 is sandwiched between the convexly disposed full face nut member channels 114 for a suitable diameter. Channel source 120 column 116 graphite level stone member 102 end 124 120 on 6 from, but the area. Friction between the second flat edge 118-38-1375493 and the push nut 122. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 7, the free end 124 extends entirely through the push nut 122. The diameter and thickness of the flange 118 should be selected to ensure heat transfer into the graphite planar member 102. The diameter of the flange 118 should also be such that the flange ii8 does not become or cut into the graphite planar member 102 when the push nut 122 is depressed. If the push nut 122 method is sufficiently enlarged to prevent the graphite planar member 102 from being excessively or badly, a larger diameter washer 128 can be used to push the screw, as shown in Fig. 7A. Because the gasket 128 is used for the primary purpose (i.e., it is not used to conduct heat), it can be loosely mounted on the 116, and does not need to be made of the same material as the hot aisle 114. Figures 8 and 9 respectively show the hot aisle. Detailed flat map of 114. The first and second figures show the push nut 1 22 and the front view, respectively. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 12, a rivet-type thermal aperture 110 is preferably die cut into the graphite planar member 102. The die aperture has a large tolerance associated with it. To ensure good heat transfer between the heat and graphite planar member 102, the die cut aperture 130 is preferably selected such that the outer diameter of the stem 116 of the largest bore thermal passage 114 is obtained by die cutting. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 14, after the hole 110 is die cut into the stone 102, the stem 1 16 of the channel 1 14 is pushed up through the hole 110 and through the hole 110. Since the stem of the channel 114 is slightly larger than the diameter of the hole 110, the graphite will be mechanically matched in the outer diameter of the stem 116, which is well transmitted to a sufficient pressure. The cylindrical surface and the frontal detailed plane ί channel 114, cut to produce a channel 114 1 10 is still slightly smaller than the ink plane 兀 shown in the figure 1 16 with a surrounding 蕈-39-1375493

In the upward direction, an annular beak-like projection 132 is formed. To ensure good heat transfer, the beak-like projection 132 is pressed against the top surface or surface of the graphite planar member 102 by pressing the punch 134 as shown in FIG. Qi Ping. The punch i 34 has a circular shape therein which is slightly larger in size than the outer diameter of the stem 116. After the beak-like projection 132 has been flattened, the push nut is placed on the free end 124 of the stem 116 and forced to press against the stem of the facepiece 1 16 to the final assembly as shown in FIG. The middle element is similar to the punch 134 shown in FIG. 14 and has a further punch having a larger protruding portion of the push nut 122 (not shown to achieve the push nut 122 in the stem 116 Placed. It should be used to securely sandwich the graphite planar member 102 between the push-on rivet flanges 118 to ensure that heat is well transferred to the flange 1 18. Although in Figures 7 through 14, In the illustrated example, the hole 1 and the stem are also circular or cylindrical, but it should be understood that the shape of the face can also be used. More specifically, the hole 110 can be described as having a | The plane of 102 is parallel, and the maximum cross-sectional dimension in this case is the diameter 130 of Figure 12. Similarly, the stem 116 of the channel 114 can be depicted in a cross-sectional shape that is complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the aperture 110. And having the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the outer diameter of the stem of the sample column 1 16 , and the maximum cross-sectional dimension 130 of the hole 110. If the hole 110 is held by the second plane ΠΠ iW 1 部 on the portion 132, α 〇Ρ I JO · 122 is placed at the position of the graphite flat. The recess can be sufficiently loaded with the cap 122 With the other shape of the circular shape passing through the rivet 10, the large-section ruler has a larger than the larger than the heart -40 - 1375493, the column 1 1 6 is between The system should be filled with a thermal paste or the like to maximize heat transfer between the graphite planar member 102 and the channel 114. 2. Flange surge in the double flange of the county As mentioned in the article 'In some applications, it is necessary for the passage to protrude above the surface of the graphite heat spreader element' so that it can contact the heat source. In addition, in very high performance applications, it is important to minimize the thermal resistance between the channel and the surrounding graphite material. This can be achieved by a circular flange channel and washer assembly that can also be referred to as a dual flange channel (such as the one shown in Figure 15). In Fig. 15, an alternative embodiment of the present invention includes a thermal management system, which is collectively labeled with the component symbol 200. The thermal management system 200 includes a graphite planar element 202 that is similar to the graphite planar element 102 shown in FIG. The graphite planar element 202 has opposing first and second major planar surfaces 204 and 206. Thickness 208 is defined between surfaces 204 and 206. A hole 210 defined by the inner wall 212 is formed through the graphite planar member 202. System 200 includes a hot aisle 214, which in this example is comprised of first and second portions 215 and 217. The first portion 215 includes a stem 216 and a first flange 218. In this case, the hot aisle 214 can be secured to the graphite planar member 202 by a second portion 217 (also referred to as a gasket or second flange 217). The second flange 217 is made of the same material as the stem 2 16 and the first flange 2 18 of the first portion 2 15 of the passage 214. Figures 18 and 19 respectively show a detailed plan view of the second flange 217 and -41 - 1375493 by means of the double flange channel 214' of Figures 15 to 19, a first flange 218 accessible by a heat source such as 220 or Second flange. Preferably, the stem 216 will have a diameter at least as large as the outer diameter or maximum dimension of the heat source 220 to effectively assist heat transfer throughout the entire contact area β between the heat source 220 and the passage 214 by virtue of the fifteenth to In the dual flange channel 214 of FIG. 19, heat is transferred into the graphite planar member 202 via the outer diameter of the stem 216 and the inner diameter of the flanges 218 and 217. In contrast to the single flange channel, which transfers heat only through the stem and a flange, as shown in Figure 7, a large number of contact surfaces naturally formed between the channel 214 and the graphite planar member 202 are formed by the dual flange channel design. The heat transferred to the graphite planar element 202 will be maximized. When the second flange 217 is assembled with the first portion 215 of the passage 214, the shoulders 225 and 223 will be butted together. The length 227 of the larger diameter portion of the stem 216 is selected to be smaller than the thickness 208 of the graphite planar member 202 to ensure that when the second flange 217 is pressed onto the first portion 215 and the shoulders 225 and 223 are docked at Together, the annular graphite area between the flanges 218 and 217 will be in a compressed state. This ensures that heat is well transferred from the flanges 218 and 217 into the graphite planar element 202. Figure 20 shows that the first portion 215 of the channel 214 is mounted at a suitable location within the graphite planar element 202. The graphite planar element 202 has a hole 210 that is die cut into the same manner as the graphite planar element 102 previously described in connection with Fig. 12. Moreover, the diameter of the die cut hole 210 is selected such that the largest hole thus available is still slightly smaller than the third possible diameter of the larger portion of the stem 216. The first portion 215 of the hot aisle 214 is pushed up to the graphite planar element 202 as shown in Figure 4 - 43 - 1375493. Inside, it is again folded into an annular beak-like projection 232. To ensure good transmission, the beak-like projection 2 32 is forced downwardly to the top surface 206 of the graphite planar member 202 by a punch as shown in Fig. 20, and the punch 2 34 has a cylindrical recess 236 is therein, and the size is set to be slightly larger than the maximum outer diameter of the stem 216. After the beak-like projection 232 has been flattened, the second flange 217 is placed on the end of the stem 216 and sufficient force is applied to push the second 217 down onto the stem 216 until the shoulders 223 and 225 arrived. The diameters and thicknesses of the flanges 218 and 217 should be selected to provide good heat transfer into the graphite planar member 202. These diameters are large enough that the flanges 218 and 217 do not create excessive pressure or cut into the graphite flat when the second flange 217 is placed on the stem 216. Figures 21 through 24 show a second arrangement of dual flange channels 214A which again includes a first portion 215A and a second portion 217A. Compared with Fig. 17, the only difference is that no shoulder is formed into the stem 2 1 6 A in this embodiment. Instead, the stem 2 1 6 A is a straight cylindrical stem with a small chamfer on it. Similarly, the second 217A has a straight cylindrical bore 219A therethrough. The stem 216A is slightly larger than the inner diameter 219A of the second flange 217A, thus providing an interference fit between the stem and the second washer 2 17 A. At the assembly, a solid (not shown) is used to force the second flange 217A down to the stem

I 210 heat! 234 F flat. n r*i iVTT is flanged. This bearing should also be pressed down to the panel, 16 and the end of the mechanism flange diameter 216A punch 216A -44- 1375493. The action is stopped when the upper surface 229 of the second flange 217A is flush with the upper end portion 231 of the stem 216A. To control the amount of compression of the graphite planar elements between the first and second flanges 218A and 217A, the length 233 of the stem 216A and the thickness 235 of the second flange 217A will be regulated. 3. Flush hot chutes The aforementioned hot aisles all have one or two flanges that protrude above the surface of the graphite planar element. However, in some applications, it is necessary for the heat spreader to have a perfectly flush surface, i.e., portions of the hot channel that do not protrude above the surface of the graphite planar element. These targets can be utilized as shown in Figure 25. This is achieved by a hot aisle that has been embedded in the graphite disperser. Figure 25 shows a thermal management system 300 comprising a graphite planar element 302 having first and second major planar surfaces 304 and 306. The graphite planar element 302 has a thickness 308 defined between the surfaces 03 and 306. A hole 310 defined by the inner wall 312 is formed through the thickness of the graphite planar member 302. The hot aisle 314 is received in the bore 310. In this embodiment, the passage 314 is a disc having chamfers 316 and 318 on its upper and lower ends 320 and 322, as best shown in Figures 26 and 27. As will be further described below, in the configuration of the disk-shaped hot aisle 314 having the embedded in the graphite planar member 302 shown in Fig. 25, the graphite material closely fits the disk-shaped hot aisle 314 and is superposed. On the corners 316 and 318 of the hot aisle 314. Channel 314 has its upper and lower ends 3 20 and 322 which are flush with second major planar surface 306 of graphite planar element 302 and first major planar surface 304, respectively. This configuration adds heat transfer between the channel 314 and the graphite planar element 302 - 45 - 1375493 and provides a mechanical bond. The disk shaped hot aisle 314 has a thickness that is substantially equal to the thickness 308 of the graphite planar element 302. Figures 28, 29, and 30 are illustrative diagrams of a series of methods in which the disk shaped hot aisle 314 is shown embedded within the graphite planar element 302. Again, the graphite planar element 302 has a hole 310 in which the die cut is formed. The die cut hole 310 is sized such that, given the relevant tolerances, the largest hole that can be formed by die cutting will still be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the disk shaped hot aisle 314. During the embedding operation, the channel 314 will stretch and enlarge the aperture 310. Figure 28 shows an exploded view of a buried device 3 24 including upper and lower steel mold halves 3 26 and 328 and a punch 330. The upper steel mold half 326 has a consistent perforation 3 32 and the lower steel mold half 3 28 has a portion of the aperture 3 34 therein. The diameters of the holes 332 and 334 are the same and slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hot aisle 314. Alignment guides (not shown) are used to align the holes 332 and 334 in the upper and lower steel mold halves 326 and 328 with the die cut holes 3 10 in the graphite planar member 302. A stopper 3 36 is provided in the lower steel mold half 3 2 8 . The upper end portion 3 3 8 of the stopper member 3 3 6 is aligned with the die-cut hole 3 10 0. The stopper 336 is disposed flush with the top surface 340, and the diameter of the stopper is smaller than the diameter of the disk-shaped heat passage 31, such that an annular pocket 342 can surround the stopper 33 6 . The punch 330 has the same outer diameter as the disk shaped hot aisle 314 and is used to press the channel 314 in place. The operation of device 324 is best as shown in Figure 29. The graphite planar member 322 is aligned and clamped between the upper and lower steel mold halves 326 and 328. -46- 1375493 Once clamped in position, the thin edge of the graphite material (not shown) extends into holes 332 and 334 in the upper and lower steel mold halves 326 and 328. The hot aisle 314 is placed in a hole 3 32 in the upper steel mold half 3 26, followed by a punch 3 30. Pressure is applied to the punch which faces upwardly into the channel 314 and is cut away by the protruding graphite material to some of the protruding graphite linings: and some are compressed around the channel 314. Channel 314 stops against end 338 of stop 336 and is flush with lower surface 304 of graphite planar element 302. The cut scrap of graphite material is collected in an annular space 342 around the stop 336. When the upper and lower steel mold halves 326 and 328 are removed and the graphite planar element 302 assembled with the disc shaped hot aisle 314 is removed from the apparatus, the graphite material compressed by the passage 314 forms a peripheral bump. 346 and 348, which adjoin the chamfered edges 316 and 318 of the disk shaped hot aisle 314. To flatten the bumps 346 and 348, the assemblies 302 and 314 are then placed between the press and the lower platen as shown in Fig. 30, and pressure is applied to the assemblies 302 and 314. This pressure should be greater than 1 500 psi and less than 1000 psi, the minimum compressive strength of the graphite material. This pressure compresses the bumps 346 and 348 into flush with the end faces 3 20 and 322 of the disk shaped hot aisle 314, and the graphite material The declination edges 316 and 318 of the channel 314 are pressed against, thereby securely locking the channel 314 in place within the graphite planar element 302. This result in the heat spreader elements 302 and 314 as shown in Fig. 25. The chamfered edges 316 and 318 of the disk shaped hot aisle 314 can be described as being formed in the recesses on the channel 314. As shown in Fig. 25, the graphite material of the stone -47-1375493 ink planar member 302 is superposed on the recesses or chamfered edges 316 and 318. Referring now to Figures 31 and 32, the same method can be used to fabricate a heat spreader having a plurality of thin surface layers 354 thereon. The surface layers 354 are typically constructed of My i ar, aluminum, aluminum or the like. In this case the surface layer 354 will be laid on the graphite planar element 302 prior to die cutting the holes 310 in the graphite planar element 302. Hole 310 is then die cut into both graphite planar element 302 and surface layer 354. The diameter of the bore 310 and the outer diameter of the passage 314 must be selected such that the aperture through the surface layer can be completely surrounded by a heat source such as 320 that is placed in contact with the passage 314. The remaining assembly steps leading to the assembled product having the surface layer 354 as shown in Figure 32 are as previously described with reference to Figures 28 through 30. This results in a heat spreader having a buried hot channel, and both sides of the channel can be exposed by the holes in the surface layer 354 as shown in Fig. 32. This allows direct contact between the hot aisle 314 and the heat source 320 while providing a surface layer 354 over all exposed areas of the graphite planar element 302. In general, this surface layer 354 can be described as being thinner than a graphite planar element. A surface layer of thickness 308 of 302 that covers the opposing major planar surfaces 304 and 306 of the graphite planar member 302. The coated disperser and the flush heat rushing method are similar to those in Fig. 25. Arrow 3 5 6 represents pressing the disk shaped heat tunnel 314 against one of the heat source 3 20 mounting loads such that no load is applied to the graphite planar element 302 itself. The graphite planar element 302 remains flat and has a good contact between the graphite planar element 302 and the hot aisle 314 - and the heat transfer between the hot aisle 314 and the graphite planar element 302 is excellent. As shown in Fig. 34, however, mounting holes such as 35 8 and 360 must be placed through the graphite planar member 302 and screws are placed, and mounting screws are applied to the adjacent holes 35 S and 360 on the graphite planar element 302. > as represented by arrows 362 and 364. This mounting load is now applied directly to the graphite planar element 302. Because of the relatively low modulus of elasticity of the graphite planar element 302, typical mounting loads as represented by arrows 362 and 364 can cause the graphite planar element 302 to bend as shown in Figure 34, while portions of the graphite planar element 302 are labeled The zone 366 is pulled away from the hot aisle 314, thus causing a gap between the graphite planar element 302 and the hot aisle 3 1 4 . This results in a reduced heat transfer between the hot aisle 3 1 4 and the graphite planar element 302 and a significant decrease in the thermal performance of the heat spreader. Even a less large mounting load as shown in Figure 34 is sufficient to permanently bend the graphite planar member 302. To overcome this problem, a continuous and relatively rigid thin layer of material 368 can be coated on the underside 304 of the graphite planar member 302, as shown in Figure 35. The cladding material may include copper, aluminum, etc., and alloys thereof. For example, aluminum sheets having a minimum thickness of 0.003 in are typically used as a coating. The cladding 368 can be adhered to the surface 304 of the graphite planar element 302 and to the lower end 322 of the channel 314 using an adhesive such as Ashland Aroset 3250. Once adhered, the mounting screw holes 358 and 360 are stamped or drilled through the cladding layer 368 and the graphite planar member 302. It should be noted that the cladding layer 368 is continuous over the lower end surface 322 of the hot aisle 314, and is described in the description of the present specification. However, it is contemplated that modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. These claims are intended to be in any configuration or order of elements and steps, which are intended for the purpose of the present invention, unless specifically described herein. A total body image is shown in which the circuit assembly has a heat on one surface thereof and a thermal path component between the heat spreader layer and the heat generating component is tied to the second surface of the circuit assembly. 2A-2C is a partial cross-sectional view of a different alternative configuration of the heat of the circuit assembly shown in FIG. 1, taken along the first figure, and showing a second surface path extending to the circuit assembly, respectively. The second surface of the assembly is flush and recessed into the thermal path within the circuit assembly. Figure 3 is a portion of a flexible circuit in accordance with the present invention: Figure wherein the flexible circuit has a thermally dispersed plurality of heat generating components on one surface thereof between the heat spreader layer and the plurality of heat generating components. 4 is a partial cross-sectional circuit assembly of a circuit assembly according to the present invention having a heat spreader layer on one surface thereof to provide a thermal path between the diffuser layer and the heat generating component, The heat is placed on the second surface of the circuit assembly, wherein the heat path is integrated with the heat. All such variable scope rights are intended to cover effectively: representation. The partial rupture disperser layer has an r-path, and the second of the plurality of heat-producing paths is above the 2-2 line, and the second surface of the electric sweat breaks the three-dimensional layer and the reheating path, and the top view, wherein The thermal assembly is a component assembly - 52-1375493. Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a circuit assembly in accordance with the present invention, wherein the circuit assembly has a heat spreader layer on one surface thereof and a heat spreader layer on one surface A thermal path is formed with the heat generating component, and the heat generating component is positioned on the second surface of the circuit assembly, wherein the thermal path extends beyond the heat spreader layer and supports an additional heat dissipation layer. Figure 6A is a bottom plan view of a circuit assembly in accordance with the present invention, wherein the circuit assembly has an elongated base-type thermal path combination. Figure 6B is a top plan view of the circuit assembly shown in Figure 6A. Figure 7 is a front elevation, partial cross-sectional view of a graphite heat spreader having a hot rivet type channel with a push nut mounted on the channel. Figure 7A is a view similar to Figure 7 showing the optional use of the mattress located underneath the push nut. Figure 8 is a plan view of the flange hot aisle shown in Figure 7. Fig. 9 is a front elevational view of the flange hot aisle shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the push nut shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 1 is a front cross-sectional view showing the push nut shown in Fig. 10. Figure 12 is a plan view of a portion of the graphite planar member shown in Figure 7 showing the die cut hole to receive the flange passage therethrough. Figure 13 is a front cross-sectional view of the graphite planar member shown in Figures 7 and 12. Figure 14 is a front cross-sectional view of the flanged channel having been forcedly assembled through the die cut holes in the graphite planar member to form a serpentine graphite flange. A punch located directly above the graphite planar member and the channel, which is used to compress the graphite bumps - 53- 1375493. Figure 15 is a front elevational cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention, which utilizes one with two a hot aisle at the flange on one end. Although the heat source in this example is shown to be in contact with the lower flange, it can also be placed against any of the flanges of the channel. As can be seen from the section of the section in Fig. 15, the channel is composed of two parts, the first part comprising the stem and the lower flange, and the second part comprising the upper flange. Section 15A is a view similar to Figure 15, which shows an alternative form of a double flange channel. Figure 16 is a plan view of the stem and the lower flange shown in Figure 15. Fig. 17 is a front elevational view of the stem having an integral with the lower flange as shown in Fig. 16. Figure 18 is a plan view of the upper flange before it is assembled with the heat path of Figure 15. Figure 19 is a front cross-sectional view of the upper flange shown in Figure 18. Figure 20 is a view similar to Figure 14 and showing the stem of the flange channel shown in Figure 17, wherein the stem of the flange channel has been pressed through the graphite planar element to form a serpentine graphite side. A punch is shown above the channel and is ready to move down to compress the graphite rim. Figure 21 is a plan view of an alternative construction of the flange channel. Figure 22 is a front elevational view of the flange channel shown in Figure 21. Figure 23 is a plan view of a second flange having a straight bore which will be used in conjunction with the flange passages shown in Figures 21 and 22. Figure 24 is a front cross-sectional view of the second flange shown in Figure 23. Figure 25 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention having a flush channel, 54-1375493, wherein the flush channel is flush with the major planar surface of the graphite planar element. Figure 26 is a plan view of the hot aisle shown in Figure 25, and the thermal path is in the shape of a disk having a plurality of chamfered edges at each end. Figure 27 is a front view of the hot aisle shown in Figure 26. Figure 28 is a cross-sectional exploded view of a front view of a device which is used to embed the thermal channels shown in Figures 26 and 27 in a graphite planar member to form a heat spreader structure as shown in Figure 25. The punch, the hot aisle, the upper steel mold half, the graphite disperser, and the lower steel mold half are sequentially displayed from the top to the bottom of Fig. 28. Figure 29 is a front elevational view of the apparatus shown in Figure 28 after the punch has forced the hot aisle through the upper steel mold half and into position within the graphite disperser. Figure 30 is an exploded front elevational cross-sectional view of two press plates of a press for compressing the annular bumps of the graphite disperser having flush channels. Figure 31 is a front cross-sectional view of a graphite heat spreader having a surface layer thereon. Figure 32 is a view similar to Figure 25 showing a graphite heat spreader that has been assembled and has a surface layer and includes a flush heat channel and has a heat source that is shown at a suitable location thereon. Figure 33 is a view similar to Figure 25 illustrating the installation modes that occur in one mode of use of the heat spreader. Figure 34 is a view similar to Figure 33, showing another type of mounting die - 55-1375493 in which two screws extend through the graphite planar element, which in turn causes bending of the graphite heat spreader. Figure 35 is a view similar to Figure 34 of a modified embodiment of the present invention in which a coating has been applied to the graphite heat spreader and the mounting holes extend through the cladding to compensate for the graphite heat The structural integrity of the diffuser thus minimizes its bending.

Figure 36 is a front elevational cross-sectional view of a graphite planar element having flush channels wherein the channels are embedded in the graphite planar elements by the procedures illustrated in Figures 28 and 29. Figure 37 is an exploded view of a steel mold for forging a hot aisle along with a graphite planar element. The two steel mold halves are separated and the graphite heat spreader is shown in place between the two steel mold halves. Figure 38 is another view of the steel mold assembly shown in Figure 37, showing that the two steel mold halves have been combined so that the hot aisle can be forged together with the graphite planar element to cause a hot aisle Side extension with graphite planar elements. Figure 39 is a graphite planar element obtained by co-forging from the procedures shown in Figures 37 and 38. As shown in Fig. 36, both the hot aisle and the graphite planar element have been laterally stretched for forging. [Main component symbol description] 10 Circuit assembly 20 Dielectric layer 20a/20b Main surface 30 Heat disperser , -56- 1375493

30a/30b/30c Heat Dissipation Layer 40 Circuit 50 Heat Generation Assembly 50a/50b/50c Heat Generation Assembly 60 Heat Channel 60a/60b/60c Channel 61 Shoulder 62 Collection Bar 64a/64b/64c Channel Unit 100 Flexible Circuit / Thermal Management System 102 graphite planar element 104/106 planar surface 108 thickness 110 die cut hole 112 inner wall 114 hot channel 116 stem 118 flange 120 heat source 122 push nut 124 free end 126 inner surface 128 washer 130 diameter 132 蕈 protruding Department -57- 1375493 134 Punch 136 Recession 200 Thermal Management System 200A Double Flange Thermal Management System 202, · · 伫 千 兀忏 兀忏 204/206 Main Plane Surface 208 Thickness 210 Hole 2 12 Inner Wall 214 Hot Passage 215 Part 215A First part 216 Heart column 216A Heart column 2 17 Second part / Second flange 2 1 7 A Second part / Second flange 218 First flange 218A First flange 219 Inner diameter 2 1 9A Hole 223 Column shoulder 225 flange shoulder 227 length 232 braided projection -58- 1375493

233 Length 234 Punch 234A Double flange channel 235 Thickness 2 3 6 η η UU tvrr Shao 300 Thermal Management System 302 Graphite Plane Element 304/306 Main Plane Surface 308 Thickness 3 10 Hole 3 12 Inner Wall 3 14 Hot Aisle 316/318 Dehorning 320/322 Upper and lower end 324 Embedding equipment 326/328 Upper and lower steel mold half 330 Punch 332 Through hole 334 Partial hole 336 Stopper 340 Top surface 342 Pocket 346/348 Bump 354 Surface layer -59-

Claims (1)

1375493 p-^ Revised this patent for the "Hot-distributor with channel" patent No. 96H) 2478. Application area: (April 30, 2012) - Assembly method of thermal management system, The method comprises the steps of: (4) forming a hole through a thickness of an anisotropic graphite planar element, the planar element having first and second opposing major planar surfaces, the aperture having a cross-sectional shape 'having parallel to the planar element a maximum cross-sectional dimension of the plane; (b) providing a hot channel composed of an isotropic material having a cross-sectional shape complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the hole and having a minimum cross-section larger than the largest cross-sectional dimension of the hole Dimensions; wherein the hot channel includes a stem and a first flange, and the stem includes the minimum cross-sectional dimension; and (c) press-fit the hot channel into the hole of the graphite planar member until IH first a flange engaging one of the major planar surfaces of the graphite planar member to form a tight fit between the thermal passage and the graphite planar member such that heat from the heat source can be passed The channel is conducted into the thickness of the planar element. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite planar element is constructed by compressing a plurality of stripped graphite particles. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and alloys thereof. 4) The method of claim 1, wherein: the hole and the cross-sectional shape of the channel are circular. 1375493. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (a), forming the hole comprises die cutting the hole. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: • in the step (c), the graphite is expanded in a weft shape around the stem, thereby forming a dome-shaped protrusion; The lower projection is forced to be flush with the other of the major planar surfaces of the graphite planar member that is opposite the flange of the passage. The method of claim 1, further comprising: fitting a second flange tightly on a free end of the stem opposite the first flange, and compressing the graphite planar member Waiting between the first and second flanges. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: pressing a push nut onto a free end of the stem opposite the first flange such that the push nut is engageable The graphite planar elements are engaged to securely secure the channel within the bore of the graphite planar element. 9. If you apply for a patent scope! The method of the item wherein the primary planar surface to be engaged is the top surface of the graphite planar member. A method of assembling a thermal management system comprising the steps of: (a) forming a hole through a thickness of an anisotropic graphite planar member, the planar 7L having first and second opposing major planar surfaces, The hole has a cross-sectional shape having a maximum cross-sectional dimension parallel to a plane of the planar element; (b) providing a hot aisle composed of an isotropic material, the hot aisle -2- 1537493 With the 5 Hai system with a cylindrical disk configuration, with a chamfered edge, 炅" Name 2: Authentic - Μ must have the same thickness as the thickness of the cross-section graphite of the hole 7L 7L, and / shape complementary a cross-sectional shape having a minimum cross-sectional dimension larger than a large cross-section of the tie; (C) press-fitting the hot channel into the hole of the graphite planar member such that the graphite planar piece is adjacent to the shyness Forming a circumferential projection at the corner of the chamfer to form a tight fit between the hot channel and the graphite planar element so that heat from the heat source can be conducted into the thickness of the planar element via the channel And (d) compressing the circumferential projections such that the passageway is flush with the two major planar surfaces of the graphite planar member. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: during the compressing step Cooperating the channel with the graphite planar element to simultaneously produce plastic deformation of both the channel and the graphite planar element. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises: _ after the compressing step Coating one of the major planar surfaces and covering the channel with the formed cladding layer. 1 3. A thermal management system comprising: an anisotropic graphite planar element having a first a second opposing surface; a primary planar surface; and a thermal channel formed by an isotropic material embedded in the graphite planar element and having a first and a 坌, which are respectively flush with the first and the first phase of the graphite planar element, and a relative planar surface of the coin, the channel having a distinctly defined person < concave, 卩, and the stone 1375493 The modified ink planar member is overlapped with the recess, the recess comprising a circumferential chamfer on each of the first and second ends of the channel. μ. The system of claim 13 wherein An anisotropic graphite flat • a face piece comprising a plurality of compressed stripped graphite particles. 15. The system of claim 13 wherein the channel is made of a type of bar, gold, and alloy. The system of claim 13, wherein the overlap between the graphite planar element and the recess of the channel enhances the plane between the graphite planar element and the channel. The system of claim 13, wherein the overlap between the graphite planar element and the recess of the channel provides a mechanical bond between the channel and the graphite. 18• If the system of claim 13 is applied, the towel (4) is cylindrical. • The system of claim 13, wherein the system further comprises: a surface layer that is thinner than the thickness of the graphite planar element and covers. The meta-graphite planar elements are opposed to the major planar surface, and the first and first exposed ends of the channel are flush with the surface layer. 20. The system of claim 13 further comprising: a cladding adhered to the first major planar surface and covering the first end of the thermal pathway. 21 The system of claim 2G, further comprising - mounting a screw hole extending through the cladding layer and the graphite planar member. 1375493 MODIFICATION 22. A thermal management system comprising: an anisotropic graphite planar element having first and second opposing major planar surfaces and having a thickness between the planar surfaces The planar element has a relatively high thermal conductivity in a direction parallel to the planar surfaces and a relatively low thermal conductivity in a direction through the thickness; the planar element has a through formation a pocket between the planar surfaces, the pocket being defined by an inner wall; and a hot aisle having: • a post extending through the pocket and closely engaging the inner wall; a flange extending laterally from the stem and closely engaging one of the planar surfaces of the planar member; and the channel is formed of an isotropic material to provide heat from the source Heat can be conducted through the channel into the thickness of the planar element; and a push nut is received on the core post and frictionally engaged therewith, the nut being snugly engaged with the flange The plane table • a flat surface in the face such that the planar surface is sandwiched between the flange and the nut. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the anisotropic graphite planar element comprises a plurality of Compressed exfoliated graphite particles. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the channel is composed of a material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, and alloys thereof. The system of claim 22, wherein the nut is composed of a material different from the channel. 1375493 Amendment 26. The system of claim 22, further comprising: a heat source having a a heat transfer contact area defined thereon for contacting an end of the stem opposite the flange, the contact surface being smaller than the end area of the stem. The system of claim 22, wherein the stem has a free end opposite the flange, the free end extending completely through and beyond the push nut. 28. As claimed in claim 22 System, including: a gasket that is loosely received around the stem and is clamped between the push nut and the graphite planar element. 29. The system of claim 22 further comprising: a second convex a rim that is attached to the stem and abuts the end of the stem opposite the first flange, the second flange having an inner bore that is tightly received around the stem And a 5 hp graphite planar element having an annular portion surrounding the pocket compressed between the first and second flanges to enable both the first and second flanges The heat transfer can be tightly coupled to the graphite planar member. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the second flange is press fit into the stem. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein: the stem has a stem shoulder defined thereon and facing away from the first flange; and the inner bore of the second flange has A flange shoulder defined thereon that is complementary to and abuts the shoulder of the stem of the stem. 32. The system of claim 29, wherein: 1375493 is modified to include a straight cylindrical outer surface having a constant diameter and the inner bore of the first flange is a straight cylindrical inner bore; The S flange is flush with the end of the stem opposite the first flange. 3 3. A kind of thermal management system #夕έ... The method of installation, including the following steps: (a) forming a hole, a hole in the thickness of an anisotropic graphite planar element Having a first and a second opposing major planar surface, the aperture having (four) having a largest cross-sectional dimension parallel to a plane of the planar element; (b) providing a hot aisle comprised of an isotropic material The thickness is substantially the same as the thickness of the graphite planar member, and has a cross-sectional shape complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the hole, and has a minimum cross-sectional dimension larger than a maximum cross-sectional dimension of the hole; and (C) pressing the hot runner Incorporating into the hole of the graphite planar element to form a tight fit between the hot channel and the graphite planar element So that heat from the heat source can be conducted into the thickness of the planar element via the channel; and (d) one of the major planar surfaces of the planar element is coated, and the heat is covered by the formed cladding layer aisle. 1375493 π year MM repair C ^ i positive replacement page 314 τ^7/7/// c Figure 39