TWI364927B - Method and apparatus for channel estimation to electromagnetic wave multi-path between sender and receiver by using chirp signal - Google Patents

Description

IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for channel estimation of a multi-channel & characteristic of an electromagnetic wave between a transmitting end and a receiving end. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for channel estimation of a multi-channel t characteristic of an electromagnetic wave between a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the coil receiving antenna receives a sweep from the transmitting end via an electromagnetic wave multipath Frequency two j, a narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal, or a narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal, wherein the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal includes a plurality of narrow frequency frequency signals repeated along the time axis, and the narrow frequency is more The middle frequency sweep signal is the sum of the sweep frequencies of a plurality of different intermediate frequencies. The receiving end multiplies the received signal by the frequency sweep signal, the sweep frequency shift key signal, or the multi-center frequency sweep frequency 5fl wave used by the receiving end of the transmitting end 2 to convert into an individual frequency proportional to the time difference between the swept frequency signals. And use it for electromagnetic wave multipath channel estimation. L flawless technology] In the traditional channel estimation method, a method of continuous expansion _method* is straightforward, and the width of the wide qehiP for improving channel estimation should be reduced by (4) The amount should be increased. In addition, this # & m # frequency reference value should have - not 丨 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 另外 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Examples can be found in the Global Positioning example of this method. a Positioning Systei 1364927 The fine-bandwidth of the improved multi-path channel parameters to improve the time delay measurement should be increased. This is because of the delay, The error is inversely proportional to the frequency bandwidth used. In particular, in order to reduce the measurement error in this method, the rate rule causes difficulties in meeting this requirement. The frequency reference of the non-gate frequency is also used at the transmitting end and the receiving end. Change; time delay between multipath channel parameters = 10 15 20 _ with the same precision oscillation state will be used, however, k k asks the overall cost of the system. In summary, 'different frequency rules limit the use to achieve accuracy The increase in the frequency bandwidth of the measurement, and the burden of the cost of the 雉 Λ amp 雉 雉 导致 导致 导致 导致 导致 导致 导致 导致 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有 拥有SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The sum of the respective frequency components caused by the difference is transmitted by the transmitting antenna with the value of the transmitting end at $6 and by the receiving antenna of the receiving end - electromagnetic multipath Therefore, based on the above-mentioned problematic point of view, the main purpose of this (4) is to provide a method for transmitting a channel estimation of a multi-path characteristic of an electromagnetic wave with a swept frequency signal, wherein when the receiving antenna passes through - electromagnetic wave multipath receiving The -frequency signal from the transmitting end, including a plurality of narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signals transmitted along the time axis, or - ^ is a narrow frequency of the sum of the sweep signals of a plurality of different center frequencies 7 1364927 The center frequency sweep signal, the receiving end multiplies the Xuan receiving ring number by the sweep signal, the sweep frequency shift signal, or the multi-center frequency sweep signal used by the transmitting end and the receiving end, and converts the ratio into a ratio Sweeping the individual frequencies of the time difference between the signals and applying them to the electromagnetic wave multipath 5 channel estimation. According to the present invention, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted between the first end and the receiving end. The path characteristic is a channel estimation method using a narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal or a narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal, and the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal 10 15 20 has a narrow frequency sweep signal repeated on the time axis. The narrowband multi-center frequency sweep signal is a sum of sweep signals having different center frequencies, and the method comprises the steps of: (4) multiplying a received mixed signal by the (four) narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal or the a narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal, and output due to; (4) the sum of the frequency components caused by the difference between the rising frequency sweeping portion of the multi-key signal and the falling sweep signal portion, "Hai receiving The mixed signal is transmitted by the transmission antenna of the value of the liver and transmitted by the antenna, and the narrow-frequency scanning key signal received by the multi-path channel or the narrow-band multi-ribbon frequency 仏忐.π If U θ / V φ π is added and added to form: (9) multiplied by the sum of the respective frequency components of the two far-down output of the sweep signal portion, the two-member butterfly and (4) output at the tolerated frequency Compensation for each: rate output; Degree, according to a frequency knife ~ δ a frequency of the hand ear South 仏 output; (d) test | 兮 · and g · Xuan ... Shi, the compensation is caused by the use of the narrow _ frequency fj engraved negative frequency signal The non-center frequency of the sweep frequency shift signal continues to compensate for the round-off; (e) by the frequency v, thus generating a non-continuous crack analysis method, decomposing the discontinuous compensation round 8 丄 / = multi-path signal; f) taking the medium-volume W-l·, X-knife multi-channel scale by using the frequency component of each frequency: β and a time delay component, which are transmitted by each eve Caused by multiple path channels. Terminals ^本Η(4) Two views, providing a channel with a broadband single-sweep signal at the transmitting end and the receiving path characteristic: connection = inclusion step: (4) multiplying the received mixed signal by the 10 terminal and Two Si multiple === system: two solutions of each frequency component will be transmitted;::; (b) a frequency analysis component is used to divide the frequency of each frequency into a lit signal component; and (4) is delayed by eight, ϋ-knife Small and take out an attenuation component and a time delay: "The multi-path channel of the multi-path signal is caused by the multi-path channel. 15 Threshold: The second view of the 'providing--species electromagnetic wave multipath between the transmitting end and the receiving end炷 4 4, 办 队 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 办 办 办 办 办 办 办 办 办 办 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细 细The narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal is a sum of sweep signals having a v ^ + R heart frequency, the device

〇3 * Sampling list, where the narrow/received mixed signal generated by LA 20 is multiplied by the receiving end number, and the wheel-out- or the narrow-center frequency sweeping signal part is respectively multiplexed: The rising frequency suppression part and the falling sweep frequency shift signal or the narrow frequency frequency::: the narrow frequency sweeping frequency received by the channel pinch channel is superimposed and added to the '-frequency The compensation unit 'is used to multiply the money portion of the 兮· part of each of the nine frequency components output by the sampling unit (4) to calculate the frequency of the sweeping frequency - the tolerance frequency is rotated, and the tolerance is used to generate I The frequency tolerance of the sum of the frequency components is compensated according to the output; a discontinuous compensation unit is used to consider the frequency compensation output generated by the two 2 units to compensate for the use of the frequency f frequency signal or 5 The narrow-frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal is narrower than this: the discontinuity of the multi-center frequency sweep signal is due to a/discontinuous discontinuous compensation output; a frequency splitting military is used to decompose The discontinuous compensation unit and the output are each Lu Xisheng's *continuous compensation uses a -:=: and a channel estimation unit, which is taken out by the magnitude of the frequency component of the frequency - the attenuation component ridge and the time delay component are determined by the frequency analysis unit. Caused by the multipath channel of each multipath signal being served. The fourth aspect of the pair provides the channel estimation device at the transmitting end and the receiving end = the width of the single sweep signal, «includes: one a sampling unit for generating a sweep signal (and generating a sweep frequency signal by the sum of the frequency components at the multi-path distance from the multi-path distance), the received mixed signal system is transmitted for generation and by the receiving end After the multi-channel broadband single-sweep signal is superimposed and added, the frequency is analyzed by the frequency analysis method to decompose the sum of the frequency components output by the sample S into the multi-path signal components; (5) Element, which takes out the frequency component of each frequency and takes out - attenuation = early-time delay component, and the attenuation component and the time delay component are obtained by the frequency dimerization early element. The multi-channel pinch channel of the path signal is caused by the frequency sweeping signal (4) == and the multi-path electromagnetic wave multi-path between the receiving end. - Electromagnetic wave multi-channel 栌 value, method and device. When the receiving antenna is swept - Signal, = receive the number with an integer number of different center frequencies' as a multi-channel pinch-mixed sweep signal, receive J analysis =: The signal estimate is about the electromagnetic 咕 任 任 任 3 而 而 而 而 而 而 而 并 并 并 并 并 并 并 并 并 并Round out: Yes: ==. When two time difference sweeps No. 10:: difference, the individual frequency energy is the size of the 22nd knife. The key feature of the more preferred method and device according to the present invention is that the two receivers will be used. The received multipath mixed sweep signal is multiplied by a sweep signal used by the receiving end of the transmitting end t, and then the received signal is analyzed. The swept frequency signal that is used for 15 can be - sweep frequency shift signal, or - narrow Frequency multi-center frequency sweep, signal, sweep frequency shift signal is obtained by repeating an integer number of sweep signals having a predetermined frequency bandwidth on a time axis, and the narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal has an integer number of different centers. frequency. This provides the same effect when a wide frequency Cui-sweep signal is used in channel feature estimation. The present invention also proposes a method and apparatus for removing channel estimation errors due to frequency valley tolerance of local oscillation between the transmitting end and the receiving end. In addition, the present invention <RTIgt; means for eliminating channel estimation errors caused by Doppler shifting, and further relates to using one of rising/falling sweep signal pairs for rising/down sweeping nicknames at the same time, or When sweeping the frequency shift signal 11 1364927, it is caused by the difference between the speed of the transmitting end and the receiving end. [Embodiment] One embodiment of a method and apparatus for channel estimation of electromagnetic wave multipath 5 at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description and the drawings, reference numerals are used to designate the same or similar elements, and the repeated description of the same or similar elements will be omitted. In addition, the description of the conventional equations and structures incorporated in the description is omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. 1〇 The graphs in Figures 1 and 2 show the basic sweep signal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The basic frequency sweep signal for the method and apparatus for multi-channel optical channel estimation of the frequency modulated signal at the transmitting end and the receiving end for use in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and [S]. Figure 1 'Sweeping signal is a sinusoidal signal' is characterized by its instantaneous 15 o'clock frequency sweeping linearly over time. In Figure 1 and Figure 2, % is the minimum instantaneous angular frequency of the swept signal, 1 is the maximum instantaneous angular frequency of the swept signal, and 〇BW (coBW = ωε - ω〇 is the total change in the instantaneous angular frequency of the swept signal Therefore, it is called sweep frequency bandwidth. >〇, "1 'not visible—a vanogram of the sweep signal waveform on the time axis and (b) the characteristics of the sweep signal that are not on the time axis and the frequency axis The total number of 巳 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 巳 可 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫 扫The time is linearly reduced. This signal is called the falling-frequency signal'. Its characteristics are shown in Figure 2. The rising sweep signal can be mathematically represented by the equation. Equation 1 chirp

In Equation 1, Tchirp is the duration of the sweep signal, and 〆〇 is the window function of the sweep signal. Window functions are like - often using a rectangular function or a raised cosine function, but the style is not limited to 0 ίο (/) = exp

x P (0) The mathematical representation of the falling sweep signal is as shown in Equation 2. Equation 2 s (0 = exp ω. 2 Τ 1 chirp p (0 Figure 3 shows a narrow frequency according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Examples of sweep frequency shift signals and narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signals.

As described herein, the sweep frequency shift signal indicates that the combined signal of the up-sweep/down sweep is split, or a plurality of sub-sweep signals are formed in the split frequency band, and then the plurality of sub-sweeps are recombined. One of the signals received by the signal. The sweep error signal is used to eliminate the measurement error caused by the error of the quartz oscillator used by the transmitter and receiver. In addition, the low correlation between the signals also allows the individual signals to be received monthly, even when the signals are from the same distance. The sweep frequency shift signal will be described in more detail later. 13 20 1364927 In Figure 3, (a) shows four examples of sweeping the frequency shift signal, 1 (10) to split the entire frequency band, double the up/down sub sweep, and recombine them in the same order. And four sub-sweep signals (10) 2, 3, 4). In addition, (b) and (4) of Fig. 3 show another example, and I system 5 = is obtained in the manner of (4). The swept frequency shift signal constructed as above has the use of all frequency band components and the same characteristics. VIII 10 15 In Figure 3, '(d) and (4) show additional examples of sweeping frequency shifting signals, and yupen (4) provides four examples of sweeping frequency shifting signals, which include dividing all frequencies into four parts, each In addition, the number of up/down sub-sweep signals is increased to four, and then the eight sub-sweeps obtained by reorganizing + old shells in different order (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the figure) , 6, 7, 8). In addition, the 徂咕ΑΛ - r (e) is quite a supply - % frequency shift key 5 tiger's example 'which includes equalizing all frequency bands, doubling the rise/fall sub-sweep signal, increasing with different frequencies · The two rising/falling full-sweep signals of the time slope μ (μ =: BW/Tchirp) are then combined in order to obtain the six full sweeps/sub (four) 3 4, a, b). D, 1, Λ j, in Fig. 3, (f) shows an example of a narrow-band multi-medium-rate sweep signal having an integer number of different center frequencies. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the narrow frequency center frequency sweep signal is a stack [number π. . "There are different frequency bands, the sub-sweeping frequency is in the early-calling frequency cycle, and the (four) effect is composed of the signal. The narrow-frequency multi-center 镅Guide engages in the mathematical expression of the frequency-frequency signal shown in Equation 3. As in Equation 3 20 1364927

10 15 .s j(kffl0t + iLt2 λ

Φ k(t) = e ^ 2 J 1 τ = ί Φ m (Οφ n (t)dt = -LTf = i1^111 = n) 0 T 0 l〇(m off n)

Chi卬(1)= :2:, k(Pk(1), k=0 k=0 where PkG) is a signal indicating a pair of sweeps, ω. The frequency spacing between sub-sweeps with different frequency bands. Referring to the second formula in Equation 3, cpk(t) is characterized in that when the indices 111 and 11 are the same, their integral values become the same when the indices m and n are different. Therefore, the horn (1) constitutes an orthogonal basic function group. These features are very similar to the features of the Fourier transform. The summation of the 9k(1) function provides Chirp(t), which is shown at time (1) and frequency axis of (f) of Fig. 3. Equation (3:11) has an autocorrelation property, which is very similar to the autocorrelation property of a single wideband sweep signal, and this signal is characterized by a digital signal processing method to easily generate an ultra-wideband sweep signal. The swck signal group of cpk(1) can replace the sine wave signal group of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM), which is widely used in traditional communication. In summary, Figure 3 cites all the differences by using superposition. The rising/falling frequency of the frequency band is a four-example of the method of combining signals in a single sub-sweep period and equivalently forming a multi-sweep obtained by a wide-band sweep signal. In addition to the above-mentioned signal combination In this way, the signal can also be generated by changing the frequency slope size, direction, bandwidth, and the combination of these factors. 15 1364927 As described above, 'to eliminate the quartz used separately for the transmitting end and the receiving end. Measurement error caused by error between oscillators. Up/down sweeping deer uses all frequency waves simultaneously Ingredients. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that all the signals appearing in Fig. 3 meet this requirement. This indicates that, according to a preferred embodiment 5 of the present invention, the sweep frequency shift signal is provided by recombination with different frequency_time slopes. The full sweep/sub sweep of b=coBw/Tchirp), especially μ丨, 、,, is in a different order.

10 15

20 Figure 4 shows the waveform of the narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal on the time axis. This narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal is provided by (4) of Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the phase of the narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal on the time car (cr〇ss_c〇rreiati-, the narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal is provided by Figure 3(4). When the two sweep signals overlap at the same time point, the result is (4) ((10) SS-e_lati()n) has the maximum value, and when there is a difference in the left and right positions, the phase is related. ((10) ss_c_lati〇n) A cross-correlation ((10)s-tear-) value having a smaller value that does not show all of the sweep shift key signals of Fig. 3 has similar characteristics to the case shown in Fig. 4B. The sweep signal according to the present invention A preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus for electromagnetic wave at the transmitting end and the receiving end is to obtain the parameters of the electromagnetic wave multipath model. Equation 4 provides Equation 4 of the conventional electromagnetic wave multipath model.

L c(〇= X ai^ (t - τ / = 1 where 'L is the number of multipaths % is the attenuation coefficient per path, 16 () is the Dirac s delta function, Τ|· is the time per path The delay is the phase shift generated by the path. The channel estimation technique helps all or part of the parameters of the equation ^, such as %, a, and h, to be received by an antenna through the signal received by the multipath. The multipath hybrid sweep signal formed by the antenna through the signal received by the multipath, the equation is executed and the alias of the equation 4 is provided. The result is provided in Equation 5. Equation 5 r (〇=Σ ai exp ω. 10 ^ Chirp t-巧) eJ& xp(t - Tt 〇 Figure 5 shows a transmission sweep signal and a delayed sweep signal in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. There is only one presence in the path of the singer and the eve, a sweep signal Τχ (represented by the solid line in Figure 5) is transmitted, and after being attenuated and delayed, a swept signal 15 Rx is received (represented by the dashed line in Figure 5). Referring to Figure 5, when transmitting signal Tx and receiving Signal Rx (delay τ) is multiplied, a frequency component ωτ is derived from two The portion of the time axis in which the sweep signals overlap each other is output in equal proportion to the delay time. The mathematical expression is in Equation 6. Equation 6 schirp X [« X schirp (t ~ r) ej9] ax exp ^BW , chirp T xt+ ω,τ T2

2T chirp Θ 17 丄0041Z7 The frequency component of Equation 6 is provided by Equation 7, and the time delay value of the swept signal is “equal to the frequency of the time delay value. In particular, the 'time delay is linearly proportional to the output frequency. β Equation 7 Re-lease the equation 6. There is no change in the magnitude of the delay signal. This method is sufficient to capture the main parameters of the channel attenuation and delay signal, especially • α (attenuation component), τ (time delay component), And θ (phase shift component). In order to apply the same principle to the case of the signal represented by Equation 5, the signal is obtained by transmitting a signal and receiving the signal by an antenna through multiple channels. The multipath hybrid sweep signal of Equation 5 is multiplied by the same swept frequency signal that has been transmitted. Thus, the individual multipath components (each having a different time delay) are output as a sum of different frequency components (equal to In addition, the size of the individual frequency components of the output is equal to the attenuation value provided by the channel, as it is increased at the output. The path components have different frequency components' so they can be decomposed into separate multipaths by frequency analysis methods (eg fast Fourier transform). This program provides estimates of the main parameters of the channel, especially % (attenuation component). , ^ (time delay component) 'and ΘΚ phase shift component.) In addition, the product of the estimated time delay value and the 20 electromagnetic wave velocity is helpful for ranging. This procedure will be described in detail later. The correlation between the repeated narrow-frequency sweep signal and a single wide-band sweep signal. Generally, the accuracy of the time delay estimation using electromagnetic waves is inversely proportional to the frequency bandwidth of the signal used in the measurement. For example, In order to accurately measure the time delay measurement of one second or less, the frequency bandwidth can at least be used. However, if the signal bandwidth of 1 GHz is used, the available frequency range will be severely limited. Further, in In digital implementation, the power consumed by the analog/digital conversion and signal processing unit for signal sampling will increase significantly. When using 20MHz When the rate is wide, the time delay measurement accuracy is as large as 50 nanoseconds (that is, the measurement accuracy is not good). The ratio of the analog/digital converter and the signal processing unit used for sampling is relatively reduced. 20 至 to 5 ... ... its crucible is the calculation of the implementation of the circuit and complexity reduction, 'power consumption is also the same reduction. * The instantaneous frequency of the sweep signal from a minimum to a maximum of 1 duration Over all frequency (four) wide (assumed to be a rising sweep signal). A time value of the sweep signal can be converted to the frequency corresponding to the time, and vice versa. By extending this sweep feature 'will have a narrow frequency ~ sweep The frequency signal is repeated an integer number of times to obtain::- repeating the frequency sweep signal, or superimposing the narrow frequency sweep signal on the time axis and:: adding to obtain a narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal. The generated signal: The same effect is obtained by estimating the equivalent authenticity of a wide-band single-sweep signal having a ~-bandwidth. In addition, the analog/digital processing unit used for sampling may have a low ratio. In particular, the time delay is specially measured accurately, the returning material and the (4) (4) ranging, the distance radio detection and measurement

Radar) and so on. (Can.detect and ranging, the time delay], U time delay, from the above example can be clearly stated that 5G sweep signals can be used to obtain the same accuracy as the equivalent mGHz 19 19364927. This result is available To improve the accuracy of the time-of-arriva (TOA) measurement, Figure 6 illustrates the procedure mentioned above. ^Others, when the sweep signal is used in the case of Figure 5, - reference The frequency of the frequency sweep signal and the frequency signal having the time delay become - the frequency fraction outputted in proportion to the time delay. When the - (four) signal is repeatedly generated to obtain the repeated frequency sweep signal, the upper portion of FIG. 6 is shown. The feature is the same as that of a single swept signal having N times the bandwidth of the original swept signal (shown below, in Figure 6). The same is true for sweeping key signals. That is, the preferred embodiment of the present invention can use not only the wide frequency Cui-sweep signal but also the narrow frequency swept key signal and the narrow frequency multi-IF signal. 取样 The sampled in this way - the repeated sweep signal system It can be expressed mathematically as shown in Equation 8. 1 5 20 Equation 8 Ν-\ LΟ) = Σ exp ω. L chirp -^~{mTs-kT) (mTs-kT)

J where P(m,k)=U(mTs_kTWmTs_(K+1)T), u(1) is a unit step function. The corpse diagram 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for channel estimation of the electromagnetic wave multiplexed characteristic of the oscillating signal between the transmitting end and the receiving end. FIG. 7 shows a device for performing channel estimation on a multi-path characteristic of electromagnetic waves between a transmitting end and a connection (four) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, including a sampling single core 2, a compensation unit 714, The frequency analysis unit 716, and a channel estimation unit 718. 20 1364927 When a transmitting end 700 transmits a repeating sweep signal or repeats a sweeping shift key signal, the signals pass through a direct path to the receiving end 71〇, and are directly input to the receiver along the path, or arrive through a reflection path. The receiving end 71〇, and the signals are reflected by the object along the path. After reaching the receiving end 71, the antennas of the counter signals are added to the receiving end, and then rounded to the sampling unit 712. The receiving end 7 analyzes the mixed signal received through the multipath in this way, and then extracts the main parameters of the channel, in particular, % (attenuation component), (time delay component), and % phase shift component). ' ίο 15

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling unit 712 multiplies the received mixed signal by a repeat-sweep signal, and the received mixed signal is generated by the transmitting end 700 by using a narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal to transmit the antenna. The transmission is performed by one of the receiving ends 710 receiving antennas, multiplying them, adding them, adding them, and adding them to form 'the repeated sweeping signals are generated by the transmitting end: body. The individual summation results based on the difference from the multipath distance are generated as. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compensation unit 7(4) compensates for the discontinuity of the frequency signal, and the sweep frequency is further increased by the green + complement 20 frequency shift key signal, which takes into account the individual frequencies output by the sampling unit 712. : :Total, sub-generate a compensation without loss of discontinuity. A non-continuous compensation component is used to make this compensation. Preferably, the μ continuous compensation component according to the present invention is zero by at least one of the frequency bandwidth, the duration, and the repeated method of the == key signal. '(4) Frequency Shift According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frequency _ rate analysis method is decomposed from the multi-path signal component of the individual 21 1364927. ;f pot, 丨,, /古田a, , · c . " Especially to use, for example, fast Fourier transform (fast

The frequency analysis method of Founer t-form, FFT) divides the compensation output into individual frequency components, so the magnitude and phase values of the individual frequency components are output. 5 10 15 20 = According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the channel estimation unit 718 is configured to use the frequency component obtained by using the frequency component of each frequency in the frequency: early 70716, and the multipath channel is extracted. The resulting i (attenuated into a knife is converted to the corresponding two by the conversion formula of Equation 7 = the program makes it possible to estimate the main parameters of the multipath, in particular: (clothing reduction force), Tl (time delay component) And sigh phase shift component). The time gate unit 718 operates the minimum frequency corresponding to the individual frequencies and then multiplies the time delay component obtained by the couch at the speed of light, the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end 710. When a single wide frequency sweep signal is used to replace the above embodiment, the phase compensation frequency-frequency shift key signal 兀7 i 4 can be compensated by the operation of the estimation device as shown in FIG. The device is removed 'without affecting the frequency transfer: the process chart' 11 shows a series of steps in the method of frequency re-evaluation of the electromagnetic wave multipath characteristic with the swept frequency signal in accordance with the present invention. The second is to generate a narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal with =_, to transmit the antenna, receive the antenna through multipath, connect it to the port, and add the received mixed signal system to multiply 22 1364927. The repeated sweep signal generated by the transmitting end 710 itself continuously sweeps the signal (step S800) to generate a sum of the individual frequency components caused by the difference of the multipath distance (step S8〇2). The repeated sweep signal of Equation 8 and the signal through multipath channel 5 in Equation 4 are multiplied, sampled, and then collated to yield Equation 9. Equation 9 L·

Yemm'ki) ρ{πιΧΐ)

Where ' T s is the sampling interval (9(m, k, i)^^MLT^mTs_kT) + 丄 chirp

ωΒΨ IT

A chirp 10

Equation 9 provides the sum of the individual frequency components resulting from the difference in the multipath distance. The sum of the individual frequency components obtained by the square 9 provides compensation for compensating for the discontinuous frequency sweep signal caused by the use of the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal, and then outputting a compensated output without discontinuity (step s8) 〇 4). In particular, in order to use a frequency analysis method (e.g., fast Fourier transform, FFT), and to obtain a frequency component proportional to the delay time from the result of the square 9, the discontinuity caused by the narrow frequency sweep shift signal should be compensated. The square 10 provides the result of this discontinuous compensation. Equation 10 considers the turn-off sum of individual frequencies, the frequency component. By increasing the equations 1〇, the respective multipath components have the same non-continuous phase compensation components, 23 20 1364927

10 15 20 This is enough to use the conventional frequency analysis method (for example, decomposition into individual multipaths. According to the above, and leaf transformation), the phase compensation component is determined by the frequency sweep frequency H (four), the repetition method, and the like. Equation ^ provides an example of -I, which makes the total number of multipaths L, and the repeated frequency is repeated n times. WbwTs can also be used.疋τ is used to ride the upper frequency sweep signal instead of the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal, and the above phase compensation program is not needed. After discontinuous compensation, a frequency leaf transform is used to decompose the complement method (for example, fast Fourier (step lion). The round-out is an individual multi-channel (four) component by using a plurality of individual multi-paths. The frequency component size of the respective frequencies of the signal can obtain the fading delay component caused by the multipath channel (step S812:). The minimum frequency is selected from the channel estimation value of the individual frequency (step S814). The day (4) delay component is taken (step s816), and then the obtained day $inter-late component is multiplied by the speed of light (step S8 i 8) to calculate the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end (step S82 〇). #According to the use of the mode-time delay characteristic of the preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the measurement is applied to the distance measurement between the transmitting end and the receiving end, and the short-distance line electric reconnaissance, etc. ^' When using a single wide frequency sweep signal instead of the narrow frequency sweep key signal in the above embodiment, the phase compensation step (s8 变得 sentence becomes unnecessary, while the other steps remain unchanged. So about using a single The frequency sweep signal will not be further described. 24 1J04927 The accuracy of the estimation in various influence channels is frequency accuracy. The most important factor in H~heart/sugar is the 5 brothers, the communication end will not always match one. The rate of the clip is ,, and at the two reference frequencies, pay D, the quartz of the test frequency (four) ^ in the frequency of degrees. In the use of cheap edge, the frequency tolerance has a tendency to become larger. This frequency is low-frequency channel estimation The accuracy of the value and the performance is reduced. The accuracy of the reference frequency (four) is improved, and the present invention suggests that the frequency is stable.

Figure 9 shows a frequency adjustment device in accordance with the accuracy of the present invention. A preferred embodiment for maintaining the frequency 10 15 frequency adjusting means comprises a digital signal processing unit (shown in the center of FIG. 9), a peripheral temperature measuring unit (shown on the left), and a reference frequency generating and adjusting unit. (displayed on the right). The impulse frequency adjustment means will be described with reference to the flowchart of Fig. 1G. The temperature measuring unit increases the DC voltage from the low level to the high level (8) via the digital/analog conversion by the digital signal processing unit, and applies the voltage to a voltage comparator (S1002). The voltage comparator compares the voltage of the thermistor (th) with the output voltage of the digital/analog converter (D/A) (si〇〇4), and when the voltage from the digital/analog converter is higher than the voltage of the thermistor , triggered by voltage to 0 voltage. The digital signal processing unit detects such a change and obtains the voltage that is output to the digital/analog converter at that time. The voltage obtained is in accordance with the ambient temperature value. The measured temperature and the voltage-controlled quartz vibrating (VCXO) in the pre-existing 'partial memory table' are used to adjust the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator (S1006-S1008) on the right. This produces a high-accuracy 25-degree frequency output over a wide operating temperature range (for example – 〇.1PPm), even if the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator has a large frequency tolerance (eg 4Gppm). There is a small tolerance blade: meaning:: 'Because of the micro frequency of the reference frequency between the transmitting end and the receiving end, or due to the transmitting end and the receiving bit, the relative shift of the Buhler W seconds section occurs, the rate shifts. Impact, frequency tolerance may also be effective. The material rate of the county (four) is low (four) estimated: the second, the impact of frequency tolerance and the improvement of the channel estimation is accurate 'Ben Mao's second brother is more than Wei Ma A丨·ί丨m 10 down sweeping frequency; _: Drop: = Multi-shift key::: The narrow-frequency sweep of the preferred embodiment and the circle 4. The example of the towel-frequency frequency-frequency signal has been described in Figure 3. Figure 11 shows that there is no frequency. Main &gt; Figure 11 is one of the rising/falling sweep signals when π ^ heart rate. 15 The description of the Ilk for a rise/down is also applicable to the use of the corpse No. 4 and the same signal. In particular, the rising two-shift key signal and the narrow-band multi-center frequency sweeping have a common condition for the rising-up bottle and the sweeping frequency signal, and the following description applies to the above two shapes. :::: Decrease the sweep signal and display it in the graph &quot; Two rising, falling sweep signal pairs::: 4 = heart surface graphics. From the results, it is clear that the following part of the test::==11 has (1) the frequency symbol "in, when the rate is output, the rise is like this case, when only the time delay ^ L 3 is in it, (+) and (a) The frequency 26 1364927 has the same size but different symbols. This means that when the two frequencies increase, the value is 0. In other words, when there is time tolerance, but there is a reference frequency tolerance between the transmitting end and the receiving end (ie Figure 2 shows the rising_down sweep signal when there is frequency tolerance. There is no delay, and the right signal shows the delay of r, and an upward parallel movement is made by the frequency axis (4). This parallel movement of the frequency of the signal occurs when there is a reference frequency tolerance or a Doppler frequency shift ( That is, the situation of imbalance.) The results of the two rising 'down sweeping signal groups are shown below in Figure 12: It is clear from the results that when considering the tolerated frequency output, the frequency rises at the == (+) frequency symbol, and The frequency sweeping part has (1) frequency symbol. 15 etc. 20 曰ϋ , (+) and (_) frequencies are different in sign and size. This means:: ancient, rate increases, produces 2Δω. △〇 is called frequency error Unbalanced, and measured by the method of Equation 6 or 9. Therefore, the tolerance frequency of the measurement can make the accuracy of the 1 = channel estimation value and the improvement time delay estimation value. In the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the transmitting end and the connection == the path characteristic is a narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift key signal or a narrow-band multi-I round frequency frequency-sensing signal for channel estimation - a series of steps of stream receiving The signal is multiplied by the transmitting frequency device and the narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep J is generated by the transmitting end (S1300), wherein the receiving signal is a program of the borrowing, 2 shifting Key signal or narrow-band multi-center frequency swept-frequency transmission antenna transmits it through the multi-path channel to receive 27 1364927 receiver antennas to receive, superimpose them, and then add them together, therefore, for each A rising sweep and a falling sweep signal portion, resulting from a difference in multipath distance The sum of the individual frequency components is output (sl3〇2). The output of the individual frequency components of the rising sweep signal is multiplied by the output of the individual frequency components of the upper and lower 5 sweeping frequency signals to calculate the frequency error imbalance Αω (S1304) By using the frequency error imbalance calculated in step S1304, the discontinuity of the swept signal due to the use of the narrow frequency swept shift key signal or the narrow frequency multi-center frequency swept signal &gt; And compensating for the compensation frequency tolerance, 10 accordingly generating a compensation output (S1306). For discontinuous compensation, the phase compensation component in the same equation 丨〇 is used for calculation, and for frequency tolerance compensation, the same as the reference The frequency error imbalance described in Figure 12 is used for calculation. After compensating for discontinuities and frequency tolerances, conventional frequency analysis methods (eg, fast Fourier transform) 15 are used to decompose multiple individual multipaths. When a single wide frequency sweep signal is used instead of the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal, the above mentioned discontinuous compensation processing is no longer needed. After compensation, a frequency analysis method (e.g., fast Fourier transform) is used to decompose the compensation output into individual multipath signal components 20 (S1308). The attenuation component and the time delay component resulting from the multipath channel can be obtained by using the large frequency component of each frequency of the multipath signal (S1312). The minimum frequency is selected from the channel estimation value of the individual frequency. (si3i4), a pair of 28 1364927 • · . . . * The time delay component is extracted (S1316). The time delay component taken out is multiplied by the speed of light (S 13 18) to calculate the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end (S1320) ». In particular, by using a preferred embodiment according to the present invention The mode time delay feature is accurately measured so as to be practically applicable to ranging, short-range radio reconnaissance, and ranging between the transmitting end and the receiving end. The repeated narrow-frequency swept-shift key signal or the narrow-band multi-center frequency swept signal transmitted by the transmitting end 7〇〇 according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention is used in various orders or repeatedly. Combine the full sweep signal or the sub-sweep signal with different frequency-time slopes, as shown in Figure 3. The ίο 15 20 field replaces the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal with the single wide frequency sweep signal, and the phase compensation step becomes unnecessary. Therefore, a further description of the use of a single wide frequency swept signal will not be provided. A channel estimating apparatus according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention has a structure similar to that of the channel estimating apparatus described in FIG. More particularly, the sampling unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention is configured to multiply a received mixed signal by a narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal or a narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal generated by the transmitting end. The received mixed signal is generated by a transmission of a narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal or a narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal, transmitted by the money (4), and received by the multi-channel channel, and received by the multi-path channel. The reception is formed by superimposing and then adding them. Therefore, for each of the rising and falling sweep signals, the sum of the individual frequency components produced by the difference of the multiplexed (four) is output. According to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compensation unit includes a rate compensation unit and a discontinuous complement-μ*. The frequency compensation unit will reduce the output to 29 1364927, and the sum of the individual frequency components of the rising frequency signal part is multiplied by the frequency of the individual frequency of the falling frequency signal to + $ $ i dry air knife ~ mouth, and then different A tolerance == rate compensation output. Tolerance frequency output uses the frequency tolerance of the complementary frequency error ^ knife product. The frequency compensation is performed by using the rising rise of the two-frequency error imbalance corresponding to the tolerance frequency-frequency value _ knife-frequency value and the rate U corresponding to the down-sweep portion. Consider the frequency compensation generated by the frequency compensation unit. The 'discontinuous compensation unit is transmitted by 乂瑞木} to compensate for the discontinuity of the frequency shift key signal. ίο 15 = There is discontinuous discontinuous compensation output, The sweep frequency shift signal is caused by the use of a narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal. According to the frequency analysis unit of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frequency analysis is performed by (4) the compensation output generated by the material compensation unit is an individual multipath signal. Inadvertently, the individual multipath m number of the channel estimation unit obtained by the channel estimation unit according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention can be used to take the respective frequencies of the knife. The decay time delay component of the multipath channel. &amp; taking the time and obtaining the time delay corresponding to the minimum frequency of each frequency according to the channel estimation of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, and multiplying the obtained time delay component by 俾 to calculate the inter-transmission the distance. The above embodiments are merely illustrative for the convenience of the description, and the claims are intended to be in the above-described embodiments.疋为丰' rather than limited to 20 industry applicability As can be seen from the above, the stimuli of the present invention are post-traffic @ by receiving side-to-multi-scanning inverse=acquisition-estimation accuracy. Estimate the exact multiple of the bandwidth of the original swept signal. In addition, by using the time gate to measure, it can achieve the application of the estimated time delay (4), the application of ranging, short-range radio observation and ranging, etc., more frequent ==== sweeping of the rising and falling sweeps The shift key signal or narrow #^f~ can achieve the channel estimation caused by the Doppler shift caused by, for example, the transmitting end and the == displacement, and b improves the accuracy of the time delay estimation value. [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 and Figure 2 are the graphs of the non-basic sweep signal. Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of an example of a 〆/+-negative frequency signal in accordance with the present invention. Figure 4A is identified along the time cylinder. θ graph transmission time: Schematic diagram of the shift key signal waveform. Figure.乍 乍 · 频 频 频 frequency shift key signal interconnection results of the schematic 20 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the __ frequency signal according to the present invention. - Figure 6 of the embodiment of the transmission of the sweep signal and the delay sweep associated with a single broadband sweep signal is a schematic diagram of the repeated narrow frequency sweep. Figure 7 is a view showing the present invention <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; : Inter-pair electromagnetic wave multi-channel weighing series 挺 w quite this Fu 迗 know and the receiving end 仫 特 I· raw with the frequency signal to carry out the frequency-serial step flow chart. The method of estimation shows a frequency-adjusting device according to the present invention. By keeping the frequency accurate: 〇 = a flow chart of a series of steps in accordance with the present invention - the preferred embodiment. Bei semi-accuracy ίο 15

number. 1 series of shells does not show no frequency tolerance when one rises/falls the woman frequency =r when there is frequency tolerance when the rise-down sweep signal. Figure 13 is a diagram showing the channel estimation for the f «彡纯(四)卩Μ material and the reception-frequency known frequency signal according to the second preferred end of the present invention. Flow of a series of steps of the method of J [Description of main component symbols] 700 Transmitter 712 Sampling unit 716 Frequency analysis unit 710 Receiver 714 Compensation unit 718 Channel estimation unit 32 20

Claims (1)

丄允4927 X. Patent application scope: Channel estimation for the electromagnetic wave multipath characteristic with narrow-frequency swept frequency shift key signal or narrow-frequency multi-center frequency swept frequency signal between transmission and reception %= method, the narrow frequency sweep frequency The shift key signal has a narrow frequency sweep signal repeated on the time axis, and the narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal is a sum of sweep signals having different center frequencies, and the method comprises the steps of: ίο (4) receiving-receiving the mixed signal Multiplying the narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal or the narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal generated by the receiving end, and outputting the rising frequency sweeping portion and the falling sweeping signal portion due to the sweep frequency shift key signal respectively The sum of the frequency components caused by the difference in the distance, the receiving signal is sent by the transmitting antenna (4) of the transmitting end and the narrow frequency swept frequency shifting signal received by the channel of the receiving end or the multi-frequency of the chirp frequency The frequency signals are superimposed and added to form. 15 = multiplied by the sum of the individual components (4) on the upper frequency of the output of the down-converted signal portion, according to which the __tolerance frequency is transmitted (:) to the tolerance frequency. The output compensates for each frequency: a frequency tolerance, according to which the -frequency compensation output is generated; ... 20 (the magical amount of the frequency compensation output, the compensation signal or the narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal == the frequency shift key does not Continuous, thus generating a - discontinuous compensation output; ', reading (4) by frequency analysis method, decomposing the discontinuous complement path signal; and] for each ω ω by using the frequency component of each frequency a time delay component, which is caused by each of the channels of the out-diffusion annihilation path 33 10 15 20. 2. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: (g) taking out one The time delay corresponding to the small frequency of each frequency and frequency (h) will be in the step μ &amp; | calculate the time delay component taken out by the transmission 4 - the distance between the transmission and the receiving end The method of using the second I, please refer to the method of the gas range f1, wherein the reference frequency of the reference vibrator in the respective edge, the production, the =3 and the receiving end is measured by the ambient temperature of the quartz vibrator Compensation, according to This improves the accuracy of the channel estimation. The method described in the patent scope, item i, wherein the frequency error imbalance in step (4) compensates for the frequency, the tolerance, the error of the frequency error is increased by the tolerance respectively The method of claim 5, wherein the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal is combined in various orders. Sweeping signals or sub-sweep signals having different frequency-time slopes. 6. The method of claim i, wherein the narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal is composed of a combination of repetition or variation A plurality of narrow-frequency sweep signals are arranged along a time axis. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrow-band multi-mode frequency sweep signal is repeatedly or variably combined with different center frequencies. The sweep signal is formed. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of claim 1 wherein the discontinuity is compensated by a discontinuous compensation component in step (d), the discontinuous compensation component f being frequency bandwidth, duration And the method of repeating the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal or the j narrow frequency frequency center frequency sweep signal is determined by at least one of them. ', 9 · A multi-path characteristic of the electromagnetic wave between the transmitting end and the receiving end is performed by a broadband single sweeping county number. The method includes the step of () multiplying the combined signal by the receiving end to generate 2 Generating the frequency = ... caused by the difference in the multipath distance, the received mixed signal is formed by the width = ❸ which is transmitted through the multipath channel; (4) the signal is added and the phase (b) The frequency multi-path signal component is decomposed by a frequency analysis method; and the port is a time delay component of each frequency component of each frequency 15 20 (4), which is caused by the sum of the multiplexes 2 . The 路径 路径 path channel further comprises the steps of: 10) the method according to claim 9 of the patent application, and (4) taking out the time delay component (4) corresponding to the minimum frequency of each frequency to calculate the time taken in step (4) to calculate The distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Knife ^ speed of light, 11. such as the middle material (four) « 9 items ° 10000 method among the points 35 1364927 Do not use the reference frequency tolerance of the reference end in the transmitting end and the receiving end, to measure quartz The ambient temperature of the oscillator is compensated 'according to this to improve the accuracy of the channel estimation. 12. A device for performing channel detection on a multipath characteristic of an electromagnetic wave with a narrow 5-frequency swept frequency shift key signal or a narrow frequency multi-center frequency swept frequency signal between a transmitting end and a receiving end, the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift key signal having Repeated narrow-frequency sweep signal on the time axis 'The narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal is a sum of sweep signals having different center frequencies. The device comprises: a sample sequence 7L for multiplying a received mixed signal by The narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal or the narrow-band multi-center frequency sweep signal generated by the receiving end 10 and output the up-sweep portion and the down-sweep signal portion of the sweep-to-frequency shift signal are respectively in the multipath The sum of the frequency components caused by the difference in the distance, the received mixed signal is obtained by the transmitting antenna of the transmitting end and the receiving antenna of the receiving end passing through the multi-frequency channel. The machine ring or the narrow frequency multi-center frequency sweep signal is superimposed and added to form; a frequency compensating unit, configured to output an output of the rising sweep portion of a combination of frequency components, to calculate a rate output compensation for each frequency component to generate a frequency compensation output; multiplying the respective frequency signals output by the sampling unit And the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency of the frequency Considering the frequency compensation unit to compensate for the narrow-frequency sweep frequency shift signal or the narrow 36-frequency multi-center frequency sweep frequency r Gusz discontinuous compensation output due to the use of the narrow frequency sweep frequency shift signal or frequency signal Without %, therefore, there is no discontinuity, frequency splitting, i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ By using a time-delayed inter-component delay component of the frequency component of each frequency, the multipath channel of the attenuation component and the multipath channel obtained by the early element The signal 13 is a device for channel estimation of the electromagnetic multipath characteristic with a wide '-:frequency ϋ* number between the transmitting end and the receiving end. The device comprises: a unit for multiplying a receiving mixed signal by The sum signal of each bottle is generated by the receiving end, and the sum of 4X elements caused by the difference in the multipath distance is generated, and the receiving mixed signal is received by the transmitting end 15 and received by the multipath channel. Broadband single swept frequency signals are superimposed and added to form; ...2 rate analysis is as early as 'the frequency factor analysis method is used to decompose the sum of the frequency components of the samples into respective multipath signal components; and 20: channel The estimation unit 'which is the frequency component of each frequency, the second component and the time delay component'. The attenuation component and the time delay: the knife is the multi-channel Cui channel of each multipath signal obtained by the frequency analysis unit. The bow is picked up. 37