1356266 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 纟發明係關於-種平面顯示裝置，特種具有 電子紙之平面顯示裝置。 【先前技術】 - 豸著貧訊時代的來臨，由於人們與外界資訊溝通的需 求增加’具有傳播資訊的顯示装置已成為現代人不可或缺 •的電子產品之…顯示裝置由起始的陰極射線管（Cath〇de Ray Tube，CRT)顯示器發展至現今輕薄的液晶顯示器 (Liquid Crystal Display’ LCD) ’而廣泛應用於通訊、資訊 及消費性電子等產品上。 面對處理與保存龐大資料的有效性需求增加，現今多 仰賴電腦處理並透過平面顯示器來呈現影像。然而，由於 習知平面顯示器的體積及重量等均不及將資訊記載於紙 • 張印刷品所帶來的方便攜帶與便利閱讀等優點。因此為保 有紙張之便攜性與易閱讀性，又兼具電子產品處理資料的 有效性與ί哀保性，利用電泳顯不益（Electrophoretic Display, EPD)的電子紙（Electronic Paper)產品順應而生。 請參照圖1所示’一種習知之電子紙裝置1係利用電 • 泳原理，藉由電場驅動帶電染色粒子而產生顏色對比的顯 示器。電子紙裝置1係包含一電子紙本體11、一驅動基板 12以及一黏著層13。 電子紙本體11係設置於驅動基板12上，驅動基板12 1356266 係具有複數個薄膜電晶體121及一圖案化之晝素電極層 ' 122，而畫素電極層122係藉由薄膜電晶體121驅動。電 子紙本體11係包含一上基板111、一透明電極層112、一 電泳性物質113及一下基板114。其中，透明電極層112 . 係與晝素電極層122相對設置，電泳性物質113係密封於 * 透明電極層112與下基板114之間，電泳性物質113係包 - 含複數個染色粒子113a及一介電溶液113b，該等染色粒 子113a係為一帶電粒子。 • 當薄膜電晶體121驅動晝素電極層122時，在晝素電 極層122與透明電極層112間產生一電壓差時，染色粒子 113a趨向帶有與染色粒子113a相反極性電荷的晝素電極 層122或透明電極層112移動。因此可以通過對兩電極層 選擇性的施加電壓，而決定顯現介電溶液113b或是染色 粒子113a的顏色，再藉由施以反向電壓來改變顯現的顏 色。 I 兩電極層間的電泳性物質113係可藉微膠囊化 (Micro-encapsulation)技術將帶電染色粒子113a裝入膠 囊中。而圖1中係以微杯狀（Micro-cup)結構將電泳性物 質113分別包含於其中為例。 ' 由於電子紙裝置1中，驅動基板12之薄膜電晶體121 ' 對於環境中的光線特別敏感，當薄膜電晶體121受到光線 照射即會造成漏電的情況。如此一來，不只影響到電子紙 裝置1之顯示效果，更會因為漏電而讓驅動基板11耗損 功率。因此，如何提供一可減少外在光線導致驅動基板之 1356266 實為現今的重要課題之 薄膜電晶體漏電的電子紙裝置 【發明内容】 有鐘於上述課題，本發明之目的為提供—種可減少外 在光線，致驅動基板之薄膜電晶體漏電的電子紙裝置。 緣是，為達上述目的，依據本發明之一種電子紙裝置 係包含一電子紙本體、一驅動基板以及-遮光體。其中驅 係包含複數個_電晶體，且電子紙本難設置於 電晶體之上。遮光體係位於該等薄膜電晶體與電 子紙本體之間。 承上所述，因依本發明之一種電子紙褒置係藉由一遮 薄膜電晶體，即遮光體覆蓋於驅 薄ί電曰二ί因而可有效減弱外界之光線照射於 厚膜電阳體，進而降低相電晶體產 進一步節省電子紙裝置的電力。 晃見象甚至月匕 【實施方式】 以下將參照相關圖式，說明依據本發明較佳實施例之 :，置’其中相同— 請參照圖2所示，圖2為本發明較佳 子紙裝置.2的剖面圖。電子紙裝置2〜二—^之種電 21、-驅動基板22、一黏著層23以及一電子紙本體 遮光體24。以下， 1356266 係以一反射式電子紙裝置為例。 電子紙本體21包含一上基板211、一透明電 212、-電泳性物質213及一下基板214。其中透明電^ 層212係設置於上基板211之一側。於本實财，透明電 極層212之材貝係可為銦錫氧化物、紹鋅氧化物、姻鋅氧 化物或鎘錫氧化物。1356266 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The invention relates to a flat display device, and a flat display device having an electronic paper. [Prior Art] - With the advent of the era of poverty, the demand for information communication with the outside world has increased. 'Display devices with information dissemination have become indispensable for modern people.... Display devices from the initial cathode rays Cath〇de Ray Tube (CRT) displays have been developed into today's thin liquid crystal displays (LCD) and are widely used in communications, information and consumer electronics. Faced with the increasing demand for the effectiveness of processing and storing huge amounts of data, todayadays, relying on computer processing and rendering images through flat-panel displays. However, the size and weight of the conventional flat panel display are not as good as the convenience of carrying and convenient reading of the information printed on the paper. Therefore, in order to preserve the portability and readability of paper, and to have the effectiveness and sorrow of electronic processing materials, electronic paper products using Electrophoretic Display (EPD) are compatible. . Referring to Fig. 1, a conventional electronic paper device 1 uses a principle of electrophoresis to drive a charged coloring particle by an electric field to produce a color contrast display. The electronic paper device 1 includes an electronic paper body 11, a drive substrate 12, and an adhesive layer 13. The electronic paper body 11 is disposed on the driving substrate 12, the driving substrate 12 1356266 has a plurality of thin film transistors 121 and a patterned halogen electrode layer '122, and the pixel electrode layer 122 is driven by the thin film transistor 121. . The electronic paper body 11 includes an upper substrate 111, a transparent electrode layer 112, an electrophoretic substance 113, and a lower substrate 114. The transparent electrode layer 112 is disposed opposite to the halogen electrode layer 122, and the electrophoretic material 113 is sealed between the * transparent electrode layer 112 and the lower substrate 114, and the electrophoretic material 113 is packaged - comprising a plurality of dye particles 113a and A dielectric solution 113b, the dyed particles 113a are a charged particle. • When the thin film transistor 121 drives the halogen electrode layer 122, when a voltage difference is generated between the halogen electrode layer 122 and the transparent electrode layer 112, the dyed particles 113a tend to have a halogen electrode layer having a polarity opposite to that of the dyed particles 113a. 122 or the transparent electrode layer 112 moves. Therefore, the color of the dielectric solution 113b or the dyed particles 113a can be determined by selectively applying a voltage to the two electrode layers, and the color developed can be changed by applying a reverse voltage. The electrophoretic substance 113 between the two electrode layers can charge the charged dye particles 113a into the capsule by a micro-encapsulation technique. In Fig. 1, the electrophoretic substance 113 is separately contained in a micro-cup structure as an example. Since the thin film transistor 121' of the drive substrate 12 is particularly sensitive to light in the environment in the electronic paper device 1, when the thin film transistor 121 is irradiated with light, it may cause leakage. As a result, not only the display effect of the electronic paper device 1 but also the leakage of power causes the drive substrate 11 to consume power. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic paper device which can reduce the leakage of thin film transistors which is an important subject of the present invention, which can reduce the external light and cause the external substrate to be driven. External light, an electronic paper device that causes the thin film transistor of the substrate to leak. In order to achieve the above object, an electronic paper apparatus according to the present invention comprises an electronic paper body, a drive substrate and a light blocking body. The drive system includes a plurality of _ transistors, and the electronic paper is difficult to set on the transistor. A light shielding system is located between the thin film transistors and the body of the electronic paper. According to the above description, an electronic paper device according to the present invention can effectively reduce the light from the outside of the thick film by using a thin film transistor, that is, the light shielding body is covered by the thin film. Further reducing the phase-phase crystal production further saves power of the electronic paper device. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 2 section view. The electronic paper device 2 to 2, the electric drive 21, the drive substrate 22, an adhesive layer 23, and an electronic paper body light-shielding body 24. Hereinafter, 1356266 is exemplified by a reflective electronic paper device. The electronic paper body 21 includes an upper substrate 211, a transparent electrode 212, an electrophoretic substance 213, and a lower substrate 214. The transparent electric layer 212 is disposed on one side of the upper substrate 211. In the present invention, the shell of the transparent electrode layer 212 may be indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide or cadmium tin oxide.
驅動基板22係包含一晝素電極層222及複數個薄膜 電晶體221。其中，畫素電極層222係與透明電極層·212 相對而設，畫素電極層222係藉由該等薄膜電晶體221驅 動，且電子紙本體21係藉由黏著層23連接於該等薄膜電 曰曰體221之上。於本實施例中，驅動基板22係可視電子 紙裝置2所需而具有一玻璃基板、一塑膠基板、一電路板 或一軟性電路板。在此，係以一玻璃基板S為例。 接著，電泳性物質213係設置於透明電極層212與晝 素電極層222之間，並包含複數個染色粒子213a與一介電 溶液213b，該等染色粒子213a係為帶電粒子且分散於介 電溶液213b之中。此外，在電子紙本體21之中，更可包 含複數個微杯結構，如圖2所示，電泳性物質213係分別 容置於該等微杯結構。當然，該等微杯結構係可由複數個 微膠囊取代，而使電泳性物質213分別谷置於其中。然而’ 不論是微杯結構或是微膠#結構均為習知的技術’於此不 再贅述。 當薄膜電晶體221驅勤畫素電極層222 & ’晝素電極 層222與透明電極層212 _係產生〆電壓差’該等染色粒 1356266 子213a趨向帶有與染色粒子213a相反極性電荷圭 極層222或透明電極層212移動。因此 何的畫素電 ㈡此了从通過對 層選擇性的施加電壓，而決定顯現介電产 』叫电拽 〆合狹213b或异迆 色粒子213a的顏色，再藉由施以反向雷原 ^ 采改變顯現的顏 色0 本實施例中，如圖2所示，遮光體 你為一遽朵居，The drive substrate 22 includes a halogen electrode layer 222 and a plurality of thin film transistors 221. The pixel electrode layer 222 is disposed opposite to the transparent electrode layer 212, and the pixel electrode layer 222 is driven by the thin film transistor 221, and the electronic paper body 21 is connected to the film by the adhesive layer 23. Above the electric body 221 . In the present embodiment, the drive substrate 22 has a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, a circuit board or a flexible circuit board as required by the electronic paper device 2. Here, a glass substrate S is taken as an example. Next, the electrophoretic material 213 is disposed between the transparent electrode layer 212 and the halogen electrode layer 222, and includes a plurality of dye particles 213a and a dielectric solution 213b. The dye particles 213a are charged particles and dispersed in the dielectric. Among the solutions 213b. Further, among the electronic paper main body 21, a plurality of microcup structures may be further included, and as shown in Fig. 2, the electrophoretic substances 213 are respectively accommodated in the microcup structures. Of course, the microcup structures can be replaced by a plurality of microcapsules, with the electrophoretic material 213 being placed therein. However, neither the microcup structure nor the microgel structure is a well-known technique, and will not be described again. When the thin film transistor 221 drives the pixel layer 222 & 'the elementary electrode layer 222 and the transparent electrode layer 212 _ system produces a 〆 voltage difference', the dyed particles 1356266 213a tend to have a polarity charge opposite to the dyed particles 213a The pole layer 222 or the transparent electrode layer 212 moves. Therefore, what kind of pixel electricity (2) is determined by the voltage applied to the layer, and it is decided to display the color of the dielectric product 211b or the heterochromatic particle 213a, and then apply the reverse ray. The original color is changed to show the color 0. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the shade is yours.
且遮光體24係形成於該等薄膜電晶體22i / J 等薄膜電晶體22卜以減少光線照射薄膜電晶 如圖3所*，其係為爾本發明較佳實施例之電子紙 裝置2的剖面圖。其中，遮光體24，仍為一遮 开， 成遮光層時，可將遮光層整合至薄 ’、' 曰’、/ 中，使遮光層成為薄膜電晶體221之1曰=221之製程 layer)。如此一央 p — 純化層（paSS1 vat1〇n 電晶體22i之上，:需再額外形成另一遮光層於薄膜 甲’純化層可接雜二可簡化電子紙裝置2’的製造過程。其 電晶體221氧化之遮光物質而使其不只成為-防止薄膜 光線危害薄膜電曰辨化層’更能形成一遮光體以減少外在 曰日 2 21 〇 須進一步說明 θ 照射至薄膜電晶體功疋’遮光體24並非-定要阻隔所有 膜電晶體22】之光 之光線，而是只要能減少照射至薄 體221之光線強度度即可。只要減弱照射至薄膜電晶 如圖4所示能降低薄膜電晶體221漏電的機會。 裝置2”的剖面圖，〃係^為依據本發明較佳實施例之 電子紙 中，電子紙裝置2，，邀系王現遮光體之另一態樣。本實施例 〃電子紙裝4 2之不同處在於：遮光體 1356266 24’’係為一遮光保護層（overcoat layer)，且係形成於驅動 基板22之一側，並完全覆蓋驅動基板22，以減弱外在光 線照射該等薄膜電晶體221。 請參照圖5所示，圖5為依據本發明另一較佳實施例 之一種電子紙裝置3的剖面圖。電子紙裝置3包含一電子 紙本體31、一驅動基板32、一黏著層33以及一遮光體34。 其中，電子紙本體31及驅動基板32係與前述實施例中之 電子紙本體21及驅動基板22具有相同的功效及技術特 徵，故在此不再贅述，只針對本實施例中遮光體34與遮 光體24不同處進行詳細說明。 遮光體34係位於該等薄膜電晶體321與電子紙本體 31之間，作為緩衝層以減弱照射至該等薄膜電晶體321之 光線。其中，如圖5所示，遮光體34係與黏著層33整合 在一起，係連接電子紙本體31及驅動基板32，並摻雜一 遮光物質或一吸光物質（例如為染料或色素），以作為驅動 基板32之該等薄膜電晶體321對於外界光線照射的保護 層。此外，電子紙裝置3’亦可有其他態樣，如圖6所示， 遮光體34’亦可為一遮光下基板314,遮光下基板314係可 摻雜一遮光物質或一吸光物質而形成一遮光體34’，以達 到減弱外界光線來危害該等薄膜電晶體321之效用。 請參照圖7所示，其係顯示本發明又一較佳實施例之 一種電子紙裝置4的剖面圖。電子紙裝置4包含一電子紙 本體41、一驅動基板42、一黏著層43以及一遮光體44。 其中，電子紙本體41及驅動基板42係與前述實施例中之 1356266 電子紙本體21及驅動基板22具有相同之功效及技術特 徵’故不再贅述，在此只針對遮光體44進行說明。 遮光體44係為一遮光膜(light shielding film)，且遮 光體44係形成於電子紙本體41之下基板414與黏著層43 之間’並塗佈於電子紙本體41之下基板414之一側，以 • 減弱照射至該等薄膜電晶體421的光線，進而達到保護薄 膜電晶體421之作用。 請參照圖8所示，其係顯示本發明再一較佳實施例之 一種電子紙裝置5的剖面圖。電子紙裝置5包含一電子紙 本體51、一驅動基板52、一黏著層53以及一遮光體54。 其中’電子紙本體51及驅動基板52係與前述實施例中之 電子紙本體21及驅動基板22具有相同之功效及技術特 徵’故不再贅述，在此只針對遮光體54進行說明。 本實施例中’遮光體54係為一平坦化層，其材質可 為有機枓料。而晝素電極層522係形成於遮光體54之一 側。其中，平坦化層可摻雜一遮光物質以遮蔽薄膜電晶體 521，達到減弱照射至該等薄膜電晶體521之光線。此外， 平坦化層可為一整片形成於驅動基板52上；亦可為區域 |·生地也成於驅動基板52之上。舉例來說，遮光體54可僅 形成於薄膜電晶體521之上，而無需形成於整個驅動基板 -52上。將遮光體54整合至平坦化層不只可降低驅動基板 52之串音（cross talk )現象，平坦化層更可像鈍化層一樣， 具有防止薄膜電晶體521氧化之作用，故可取代鈍化層設 置，進而簡化驅動基板52之製程。 11 (S > 1356266 進而保護薄膜電晶體而防止漏電的產生，甚至能進* 省電子紙裝置的電力。此外，更可視電子紙裝置所需，: 選用不同之遮光體之態樣。因此，藉由設置一遮光 護電子紙裝Ϊ之薄膜電晶體以減弱光線照射雷 子紙裝置之使用效能。 托円電 以上所述僅為舉例性，而料限舰者。任何未脫離 本發明之精神與料’㈣其進行之等效修改或變更 應包含於後附之申請專利範圍中。 二 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為-種習知之電子紙裴置的示意圖； 面圖； 圖2為依據本發明較佳實施例之一種電子紙裝 置的剖 圖3及圖4為圖2之雷早祕驻里曰士·于 ^ · (電子紙裝置具有不同態樣的的剖 曲圖， 的剖=為依據本發㈣—㈣實施狀—㈣子紙裝置 圖6為圖5之電子紙|置具有不同祕的剖面圖； 圖7為依據本發明又—較佳實施例之— 的剖面圖； 电卞為哀罝 圖8為依據本發明再—較伟審 的剖面圖；以及 車乂佳一例之—種電子紙裝置 種電子紙裝 圖9為依據本發明再一較佳實施例之再 置之剖面示意圖。 13 1356266 元件符號說明： I、 2、2,、2”、3、3,、4 ' 5、6 :電子紙裝置 II、 21、31、41、51、61 :電子紙本體 III、 211、311、411、511、611 :上基板 112 ' 212、312、412、512、612 :透明電極層 113、 213、313、413、513、613 :電泳性物質 113a、213a、313a、413a、513a、613a :染色粒子 113b、213b、313b、413b、513b、613b :介電溶液 114、 214、314、414、514、614 :下基板 12、 22、32、42、52、62 :驅動基板 121、 221、321、421、521、621 :薄膜電晶體 122、 222、322、422、522、622 :晝素電極層 13、 23、33、43、53、63 :黏著層 24、24’、24，’、34、34’、44、54、64 :遮光體 623 :平坦層 S :玻璃基板 14And the light shielding body 24 is formed on the thin film transistor 22 such as the thin film transistor 22i / J to reduce the light to illuminate the thin film transistor as shown in FIG. 3, which is the electronic paper device 2 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Sectional view. Wherein, the light shielding body 24 is still covered, and when the light shielding layer is formed, the light shielding layer can be integrated into the thin ', ' 曰 ', /, so that the light shielding layer becomes the process layer of the thin film transistor 221 1 曰 = 221) . Such a central p-purification layer (on the paSS1 vat1〇n transistor 22i, it is necessary to additionally form another light-shielding layer in the film A's purification layer can be mixed to simplify the manufacturing process of the electronic paper device 2'. The crystal 221 oxidizes the light-shielding material so that it not only becomes - preventing the film light from damaging the thin film, and the light-repellent layer can form a light-shielding body to reduce the external day 2 21 without further explanation of the θ irradiation to the thin film transistor function The light-shielding body 24 is not intended to block the light of all the film transistors 22, but as long as the intensity of the light irradiated to the thin body 221 can be reduced. As long as the light is irradiated to the thin film, the crystallite can be lowered as shown in FIG. Opportunity for leakage of the thin film transistor 221. The cross-sectional view of the device 2" is an electronic paper device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the electronic paper device 2 is invited to be another aspect of the light-emitting body of the king. The difference between the embodiment 〃 electronic paper package 4 2 is that the light shielding body 1356266 24′′ is an overcoat layer and is formed on one side of the driving substrate 22 and completely covers the driving substrate 22 to weaken External light The thin film transistor 221 is irradiated. Referring to Figure 5, there is shown a cross-sectional view of an electronic paper device 3 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The electronic paper device 3 includes an electronic paper body 31 and a drive. The substrate 32, an adhesive layer 33, and a light shielding body 34. The electronic paper body 31 and the driving substrate 32 have the same functions and technical features as the electronic paper body 21 and the driving substrate 22 in the foregoing embodiment, so Further, only the difference between the light shielding body 34 and the light shielding body 24 in the present embodiment will be described in detail. The light shielding body 34 is located between the thin film transistors 321 and the electronic paper main body 31 as a buffer layer to weaken the irradiation to the same. The light of the thin film transistor 321 is formed. The light shielding body 34 is integrated with the adhesive layer 33 to connect the electronic paper body 31 and the driving substrate 32, and is doped with a light shielding material or a light absorbing material (for example, as shown in FIG. 5). The dye or the pigment is used as a protective layer for the external light to be applied to the thin film transistors 321 of the driving substrate 32. In addition, the electronic paper device 3' may have other aspects, as shown in FIG. 34' may also be a light-shielding lower substrate 314, and the light-shielding lower substrate 314 may be doped with a light-shielding substance or a light-absorbing substance to form a light-shielding body 34' to weaken the external light to harm the effect of the thin-film crystals 321 . Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown a cross-sectional view of an electronic paper device 4 according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The electronic paper device 4 includes an electronic paper body 41, a driving substrate 42, an adhesive layer 43 and a The light-shielding body 44. The electronic paper body 41 and the driving substrate 42 have the same functions and technical features as the 1356266 electronic paper body 21 and the driving substrate 22 in the foregoing embodiment, and therefore will not be described again. Be explained. The light shielding body 44 is a light shielding film, and the light shielding body 44 is formed between the substrate 414 and the adhesive layer 43 under the electronic paper body 41 and is coated on one of the substrates 414 below the electronic paper body 41. On the side, the light that is irradiated to the thin film transistors 421 is weakened, thereby achieving the function of protecting the thin film transistor 421. Referring to Figure 8, there is shown a cross-sectional view of an electronic paper unit 5 in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The electronic paper device 5 includes an electronic paper body 51, a drive substrate 52, an adhesive layer 53, and a light blocking body 54. The electronic paper main body 51 and the drive substrate 52 have the same functions and technical features as those of the electronic paper main body 21 and the drive substrate 22 in the above-described embodiments, and therefore will not be described again. Here, only the light shielding body 54 will be described. In the present embodiment, the light shielding body 54 is a flattening layer which is made of an organic material. The halogen electrode layer 522 is formed on one side of the light shielding body 54. Wherein, the planarization layer may be doped with a light shielding material to shield the thin film transistor 521 to reduce the light that is irradiated to the thin film transistors 521. In addition, the planarization layer may be formed on the driving substrate 52 as a whole piece; or the region may be formed on the driving substrate 52. For example, the light shielding body 54 may be formed only on the thin film transistor 521 without being formed on the entire driving substrate -52. Integrating the light shielding body 54 to the planarization layer not only reduces the cross talk phenomenon of the driving substrate 52, but the planarization layer can also prevent the oxidation of the thin film transistor 521 like the passivation layer, so that the passivation layer can be replaced. Thereby, the process of driving the substrate 52 is simplified. 11 (S > 1356266 further protects the thin-film transistor to prevent leakage and even enters the power of the electronic paper device. In addition, it is more visible for the electronic paper device, and the different light-shielding features are used. By setting a thin-film transistor mounted on a light-shielding electronic paper to reduce the use efficiency of the light-irradiated ray paper device. The above description is merely exemplary, and the ship is limited to the ship. Any without departing from the spirit of the present invention Equivalent modifications or changes made with the material '(4) shall be included in the scope of the appended patent application. 2 [Simple description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional electronic paper device; FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are diagrams of an electronic paper device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electronic paper device having different postures. = according to the present invention (four) - (d) implementation - (four) sub-paper device Figure 6 is the electronic paper of Figure 5 with different profiles; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Eel is a mourning, Figure 8 is based on the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a re-position according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 13 1356266 Symbol description of components: I, 2, 2 , 2", 3, 3, 4' 5, 6: electronic paper devices II, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61: electronic paper bodies III, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611: upper substrate 112' 212, 312, 412, 512, 612: transparent electrode layers 113, 213, 313, 413, 513, 613: electrophoretic substances 113a, 213a, 313a, 413a, 513a, 613a: dyed particles 113b, 213b, 313b, 413b, 513b, 613b: dielectric solution 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614: lower substrate 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62: drive substrate 121, 221, 321, 421, 521, 621: thin film transistor 122, 222, 322, 422, 522, 622: halogen electrode layers 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63: adhesive layers 24, 24', 24, ', 34, 34', 44, 54, 64: Light blocking body 623 : flat layer S : glass substrate 14